Publications

gentamicin-based medium for the isolation of group d streptococci and application of the medium to water analysis.	gentamicin-thallous-carbonate (gtc) medium contained (per liter): 40.0 g of trypticase soy agar, 5.0 g of kh(2)po(4), 2.0 g of nahco(2), 1.0 g of glucose, 1.0 g of esculin, 0.5 g of thallous acetate (ta), 0.5 g of ferric citrate, 0.75 ml of tween 80, and 2.5 mg of gentamicin sulfate. the nahco(3) (20 ml of a 10% solution that had been heated to boiling) was added after sterilization of the basal medium. the spread plate technique was used to compare gtc agar with pfizer selective enterococcus, t ...	1978	416754
rat model of experimental endocarditis.	a simple model of infective endocarditis was produced in rats. with the aid of a guide wire, polyethylene catheters were passed into the left ventricle through the right carotid artery of sprague-dawley rats weighing 300 to 350 g. a volume of 1 ml of an overnight culture of streptococcus mitis, staphylococcus aureus, or streptococcus faecalis was intravenously injected 1 to 2 days after catheterization. bacterial titers of streptococcus mitis in vegetations were about 10(4)-fold greater than in ...	1978	417032
septic induced acute gastric erosions: the role of cimetidine.		1978	417217
[echocardiography in bacterial endocarditis of the aortic valve].		1978	417271
use of fecal streptococci as indicators of pollution in soil.	the survival, recovery, and identification of streptococcus isolates from soil was investigated by (i) examination of survival in soil under different moisture and temperature conditions, (ii) evaluation of media combinations for recovering fecal streptococci from soil, and (iii) partial identification of isolates from diverse habitats. cool, moist conditions prolonged the survival of streptococcus faecalis in soil for at least 12 weeks, whereas freezing was lethal, with the populations being re ...	1978	417673
periurethral aerobic microflora of pregnant and non-pregnant women.	seventy-two pregnant and 88 non-pregnant women were examined to see whether the periurethral region had been colonised with group b streptococci (streptococcus agalactiae), enterococci, and gram-negative rods belonging to the enterobacteriaeceae. a semi-quantitative method was used for periurethral sampling, and paired urethral swabs were also collected to compare the isolation rates of group b streptococci from the two sites and with the two sampling methods. a higher isolation rate was found w ...	1978	417753
stability of antimicrobials in schaedler's anaerobic and brain heart infusion broths stored at --20 degrees c.	penicillin-like drugs are found to be unstable in schaedler's broth in forzen storage (--20 degrees c). chloramphenicol, clindamycin and tetracycline remained at original potency to 45 days. no detectable antimicrobial decay was found in two formulations of supplemented bhi broth. antimicrobial potency was measured by quality control organism endpoints, bioassays and mic changes in use at four clinical microbiology laboratories.	1978	418054
cefamandole nafate therapy of respiratory tract, skin, and soft tissue infections in 74 patients.		1978	418126
transformation of group f streptococci by plasmid dna.	when the challis strain of streptococcus sanguis was transformed by the 17 megadalton beta plasmid from streptococcus faecalis strain ds5, the plasmid underwent a 1.5 megadalton deletion (leblanc & hassell, 1976). furthermore, the covalently closed circular (ccc) plasmid dna isolated from challis transformants was rapidly converted to a linear form which did not possess any detectable transforming activity. to obtain stable ccc plasmid dna a competent culture of a lancefield group f streptococcu ...	1978	418149
beta-d-phosphogalactoside galactohydrolase of streptococcus faecalis and the inhibition of its synthesis by glucose.	the lactose hydrolysing system of streptococcus faecalis is described. it is closely related to that one of the group n streptocci as it consists of a beta-d-phosphogalactoside galactohydrolase (beta-pgal). the uptake of methyl-beta-d-thiogalactoside (tmg), lactose, and glucose is maintained by the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system (pts) but the uptake of galactose is not. the induction time is 6--7 min. inducers are lactose and galactose but not isopropyl-beta-d-galactosid ...	1978	418859
[idiopathic arteriovenous fistula of the renal peduncle (author's transl)].	idiopathic arteriovenous fistulae in the renal peduncle are rare. a case was discovered during clinical examination, and was confirmed by total and selective arteriography. a vertebral and dise infection of l3-l4 was also present and blood cultures were positive for enterococcus. this fistula had a high blood-flow rate but it has to be stressed that it was well-tolerated by the cardiovascular system. it was also exceptional in that conservative therapy was possible in this case, which is the eig ...	1979	434728
surgery in active infective endocarditis.	controversy persists concerning the role of early surgical intervention in severe infective endocarditis (ie). we therefore reviewed 163 episodes of well-documented ie in which 32 cardiac operations were performed during the active phase of ie. congestive heart failure (chf) was the principal indication for surgery in 88% (28/32); systemic emboli, 1/32; and persisting sepsis, 3/32. staphylococcus and enterococcus were the most common infecting organisms in the operative group (44% and 16% respec ...	1979	445778
[clinical studies on pc-904 in biliary tract diseases (author's transl)].	the clinical effects of pc-904, a new semisynthetic penicillin, were studied in patients with biliary tract diseases, and the results were as follows: 1) pc-904 showed an average peak serum level of 40.7 +/- 11.6 microgram/ml 2 hours after an intravenous drip infusion of 1 g of the agent. the biliary level showed a peak value of 126.5 +/- 85.4 microgram/ml 2 hours to 3 hours after the infusion. 2) isolated organisms from bile before the treatment were e. coli, klebsiella, proteus, pseudomonas, e ...	1979	459091
cefoxitin: single-agent treatment of mixed aerobic-anaerobic pelvic infections.	cefoxitin (mefoxin), a new semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic, resistant to degradation by beta-lactamase enzymes produced by bacteria. in vitro, cefoxitin is active against virtually all clinically important gram-negative facultative bacteria other than pseudomonas and enterobacter spp., gram-positive aerobic bacteria other than the enterococcus, and clinically important anaerobic organisms, including bacteroides fragilis. this broad antibacterial spectrum suggested that cefoxitin might be an ...	1979	460753
storage of microtiter plates for antimicrobial susceptibility tests.	microdilution susceptibility tests are being performed routinely and in increasing numbers in many clinical laboratories. microtiter plates for these assays are usually prepared in large batches and stored frozen until needed. studies were performed to investigate the stability at -20c and at -70c of ampicillin, carbenicillin, ticarcillin, gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, chloramphenicol, and cephalothin, using enterobacter aerogenes, proteus mirabilis, proteus vulgaris, escherichia coli, pseud ...	1979	474606
[identification and antibiotic-resistance of microbial strains isolated from urinary infections (author's transl)].	during the year 1977, 1491 urine samples were taken from patients living in the "alta valle del tevere" (umbria, italy). the isolated microorganisms were examined and tested against 15 antibiotics. 535 samples (35.88%) were free from bacteria. among the 1095 isolates, 52.42% were gram-negative, 46.85% gram-positive, and only 0.73% fungi. the genera citrobacter, escherichia, proteus, pseudomonas, enterobacter, klebsiella, staphylococcus and enterococcus were identified. a high proportion of strai ...	1979	485594
streptococcus bovis meningitis in a neonate.	neonatal infections have been caused by streptococcus bovis, a nonenterococcal group d streptococcus. a recent case of neonatal meningitis caused by this organism prompted a literature review regarding appropriate antibiotic therapy. although most reports suggested penicillin therapy alone for s bovis meningitis, isolates of this organism that were as resistant to the lethal effect of penicillin as the enterococcus have been recovered. therefor, it was recommended that until the results of minim ...	1979	507006
comparative in vitro activity of ly 127935 (6059-s), seven cephalosporins, three aminoglycosides, carbenicillin, and ticarcillin.	ly 127935 (6059-s), a new semi-synthetic beta-lactam antibiotic was tested simultaneously with 6 cephalosporins, 3 aminoglycosides, carbenicillin and ticarcillin against 398 clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli and gram-positive cocci. many of the organisms were selected for study because of known resistance to one or more of the clinically available antibiotics tested. escherichia coli, klebsiella, serratia and providencia were susceptible to ly 127935. some resistant strains of enterobac ...	1979	528361
protective efficacy of immunization with capsular antigen against experimental infection with bacteroides fragilis.	the protective efficacy afforded by immunization with the capsular antigen of bacteroides fragilis against abscess formation and bacteremia due to this organism was studied in an experimental rat model of intraabdominal sepsis. of unimmunized animals, animals immunized with methylated bovine serum albumin and complete freund's adjuvant, and animals immunized with lipopolysaccharide of bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, greater than 90% developed abscesses when challenged intraperitoneally with strain ...	1979	528789
[bacteriology of urinary infections in paraplegics (author's transl)].	the aa. report the results of 300 urine cultures carried out on paraplegics hospitalized in the centro paraplegici of ostia since 1970 to the end of 1977. all the patients were catheterized. they found infections in the 73 to 92% of the examined cases in the different years. the most frequently isolated bacterial species in the years 1970, 1971, and 1972 were escherichia, staphylococcus and enterococcus, whereas were proteus, citrobacter, klebsiella and psuedomonas in the following years. they b ...	1979	554546
a simplified method using commercial milk powder for hand-rearing of the caesarean-derived infant rabbits (author's transl)].	an efficient and simplified method for hand-rearing of caesarean-derived infant rabbits under gnotobiotic condition was devised. the caesarean-derived infant dutch or japanese-white rabbits and their hybrids (f1; japanese-white female x dutch male) were reared in sterilized vinyl-isolators by hand-feeding with two kinds of milk diets, a and b, consisted mainly ofa commercial milk powder for dogs and cats (esbilac) supplemented with several minor components (table 2) and administered intragastric ...	1977	558100
relative efficacy of carbenicillin indanyl sodium and of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole in urinary-tract infections.	in a 10-day study, carbenicillin indanyl sodium cured urinary-tract infections in 22 of 30 patients (ages, 24-91). in 3 of the remaining patients the treatment was a failure; in 3 others the drug had to be discontinued because of diarrhea and vomiting; and in 2 instances it induced overgrowth of candida albicans in the urine. carbenicillin was lethal to pseudomonas aeruginosa in all 9 cases, to proteus mirabilis in all 6 cases, and to enterococcus in all 3 cases. a trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole ...	1979	581878
diffusion disk susceptibility testing with cefaclor.	the reliability of the standardized 30-mug cephalothin disk and that of an experimental 30-mug cefaclor disk in predicting probable clinical susceptibility to cefaclor were compared. quantitative determinations of cefaclor susceptibility were measured by the world health organization international collaborative study agar dilution procedure; diffusion disk tests were performed by the standardized u.s. food and drug administration disk test. the cephalothin disk erred in predicting probable susce ...	1978	646345
in vitro studies of piperacilin, a new semisynthetic penicillin.	piperacillin, a new semisynthetic penicillin, was compared with other semisynthetic penicillins, cephalosporins, and aminoglycosides by the agar dilution method against 3,600 isolates of facultative gram-negative bacilli, bacteroides fragilis, and enterococci. at 64 mug/ml, piperacillin inhibited 90% of the isolates in each group of organisms tested except for escherichia coli (83% inhibited by 64 mug/ml). compared with carbenicillin, piperacillin had a 16-fold increase in activity by weight aga ...	1978	677861
microbiology of deep tissue in diabetic gangrene.	information on the incidence and nature of the causative organisms in the infected tissues of patients with diabetic gangrene is scanty. studies in which material for culture was obtained from the presenting lesion reveal multiple organisms in host isolates. no data are available regarding the bacterial flora of the deep infected tissue itself, uncontaminated by surface organisms. in this investigation 58 specimens from 52 patients were obtained utilizing aerobic and anaerobic culture techniques ...	1978	720182
comparison of the in vitro activities of hr756 with cephalothin, cefoxitin, and cefamandole.	the in vitro activity of hr756, a new semisynthetic cephalosporin, was compared with the activities of cephalothin, cefoxitin, and cefamandole against 1,535 isolates of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. hr756 was less active than cephalothin and cefamandole and twofold more active than cefoxitin against staphylococcus. all four of the antibiotics were inactive against the enterococcus group of streptococcus; however, hr756 was the most active antibiotic against the other isolates of stre ...	1978	742875
[enterocin typing of enterococci].	the author worked out a method of enterocinotyping on enterococci. a possibility of enterococcus typing by means of a set of enterocinogenic enterococcus strains was shown. a mobile enterococcus 4 (10 p) strain, possessing a high antagonistic activity, is suggested for enterococcus identification. differentiation of enterococcus species by the enterocine sensitivity proved to be impossible.	1978	747016
[sanitary-index significance of enterococci in the study of household articles].	a total of 670 washings from various household articles were studied in creches and kindergartens for fecal contamination with the aid of two bacteriological tests (coli and enterococal titres); the degree of their contamination with enterococci and e. coli differed. strongly contaminated objects (diapers, swaddling tables) were revealed with equal frequency by both tests, but objects assessed as moderately contaminated were more frequently revealed by the enterococcus test (p less than 0.05) th ...	1976	773055
synthesis and microbiological activities of some monohalogenated analogs of tyrosine.	2-chlorotyrosine and 2-bromotyrosine, as well as the previously reported 2-fluorotyrosine, were synthesized by hydrolysis of the condensation products from the appropriate benzyl bromide and ethyl acetamidomalonate and were compared with the corresponding 3-halotyrosines as growth inhibitors of escherichia coli 9723, streptococcus faecalis 8043 and lactobacillus plantarum 8014. in contrast to the 2- and 3-fluorotyrosines which were equally effective as growth inhibitors, the 2-chloro- and 2-brom ...	1975	803244
degradation of n-nitrosamines by intestinal bacteria.	a major proportion of bacterial types, common in the gastrointestinal tract of many animals and man, were active in degrading diphenylnitrosamine and dimethylnitrosamine, the former being degraded more rapidly than the latter. at low nitrosamine concentrations (is less than 0.05 micronmol/ml), approximately 55% of added diphenylnitrosamine, 30% of n-nitrosopyrrolidine, and 4% of dimethylnitrosamine were degraded. the route of nitrosamine metabolism by bacteria appears to be different from that p ...	1975	803287
stopcock contamination in an icu.		1975	803350
[clinical experience with the preparation hylacombun in gastroenterology (author's transl)].		1975	803416
phosphatidylkojibiosyl diglyceride. the covalently linked lipid constituent of the membrane lipoteichoic acid from streptococcus faecalis (faecium) atcc 9790.	water-soluble [14c]glycerol-labeled lipoteichoic acid isolated from the membrane preparations of streptococcus faecalis (faecium) atcc 9790 released chloroform-soluble radioactivity upon mild acid hydrolysis. chromatography of the radioactive, chloroform-extractable material revealed the presence of a very polar lipid (lipid i). depending upon the conditions of acid hydrolysis, lipid i accounted for as much as 92% of the total 14c-labeled lipids released. more stringent conditions of acid hydrol ...	1975	803497
equine anti-hapten antibody. ix. igm anti-lactose antibodies.	the immune response to a bacterial vaccine of streptococcus faecalis (strain n) was characterized in all of the seven horses studied by the sustained production of about 90% igm anti-lactose antibody over a period of 44 weeks with maximum values of the total antibody ranging from 4 mg/ml of serum to 12 mg/ml of serum. with respect to the binding of a lactose-containing ligand the association constants of the antibodies purified from sera obtained between 5 and 44 weeks fell in the range of 1 tim ...	1975	803530
studies on the vitamin nutrition of the cellular slime mould dictyostelium discoideum.	vitamin auxotrophs of escherichia coli grown in the presence or absence of the corresponding vitamin were used as substrates for the growth of dictyostelium discoideum strain ax-2 in order to investigate some of the growth-factor requirements of this cellular slime mould. compared with the growth yields observed on vitamin-sufficient auxotrophs and on a prototroph, the yields on lipoate-, folate-, thiamin- or biotin-depleted auxotrophs were low but could be restored by the addition of exogenous ...	1975	803550
the role of vaginal colonization with enterobacteriaceae in recurrent urinary infections.	quantitative cultures of the vaginal introitus for enterobacteriaceae, s. faecalis and p. aeruginosa were compared in 20 premenopausal normal women (200 cultures) to 198 consecutive cultures from 9 premenopausal women in between episodes of bacteriuria. introital colonization in patients susceptible to urinary infections was significantly higher for e. coli (p equals 0.001), s. faecalis (p equals 0.001) and for the presence of any gram-negative pathogens (p equals less than 0.001). in addition, ...	1975	803573
influence of environmental stress on enumeration of indicator bacteria from natural waters.	the problems associated with recovery of pure cultures of escherichia coli and streptococcus faecalis from stream environments were examined utilizing membrane filter chambers. it was observed that upon exposure to the aquatic environment a significant proportion of cells lost their ability to produce colonies on a selective medium, yet retained this capability on a nutritionally rich, nonselective medium. discrepancies in colony-forming units between nonselective and selective media indicated t ...	1975	803815
pteroylglutamic acid malabsorption in tropical sprue.	pteroylglutamic acid (pga) absorption was assessed in ten untreated tropical sprue (ts) and eight control subjects utilizing a marker perfusion technique. physiologic concentrations of the vitamin (25 ng/ml) dissolved in iso-osmotic solutions containing either mannitol of glucose at a concentration of 55.6 mm were perfused on each subject on two consecutive days. a statistically significant difference in pga absorption between ts and control subjects was obtained only when glucose was present in ...	1975	803848
a fluorescent antibody technique for the enumeration of faecal streptococci in water.		1975	803941
the use of microcalorimetry for bacterial classification.		1975	803943
self-transferable plasmids determining the hemolysin and bacteriocin of streptococcus faecalis var. zymogenes.	strains of streptococcus faecalis var. zymogenes, designated jh1 and jh3, produced a hemolysin and a bacteriocin. hemolytic activity was lost from a low percentage of cells grown in broth at either 37 or 45 c. all nonhemolytic (hly-) variants had lost bacteriocin activity (ben-), and those from strain jh3 had also lost resistance to the bacteriocin (bnr-). the majority of hly-, ben- variants from jh1 retained bacteriocin resistance (bnrplus). strains jh1 and jh3 contained a plasmid deoxyribonucl ...	1975	803965
the effect of leukocyte hydrolases on bacteria. iii. bacteriolysis induced by extracts of different leukocyte populations and the inhibition of lysis by macromolecular substances.	the lysis of 14c-labeled bacteria by hydrolases of human and rabbit leukocytes was studied in vitro. while staphylococcus albus, streptococcus faecalis, and streptococcus mutans were highly susceptible to lysis, staphylococcus auresus was intermediate in its susecptibility to lysis by the leukocyte enzymes. group a streptococcus, listeria monocytogenes, shigella flexneri, escherichia coli, and mycobacterium smegmatis were very resistant to degradation by these enzymes. the lytic activity of leuk ...	1975	804017
glycerophosphoryl phosphatidyl kojibiosyl diacylglycerol, a novel phosphoglucolipid from streptococcus faecalis.	1. from streptococcus faecalis a third novel phosphoglucolipid was isolated. it contained d-glucose, glycerol, acyl groups and phosphorus in a molar ratio of approx. 2 : 3 : 4 : 2. 2. the structure was shown to be 3(1)-o-[6 inches-(sn-glycerol-1-phosphoryl), 6 foot-(1,2 diacyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphoryl)-2 foot-o-(alpha-d-glucopyranosyl)-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl]-1(3),2-diacylglycerol. the novel lipid is related to the earlier described phosphatidyl and glycerophosphoryl kojibiosyl diacylglycerol fr ...	1975	804328
distribution of indigenous bacteria in the digestive tract of conventional and gnotobiotic rats.	the localization and population levels of the indigenous bacterial flora of conventional rats were investigated by cultural and histological techniques. lactobacilli predominate in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine and associate with keratinized cells of the nonglandular portion of stomach. mixtures of varying complexity of pure cultures of indigenous bacteria were inoculated into germfree rats. the distribution of these bacteria was examined to investigate the effect of lactobac ...	1975	804450
structure-activity correlations among rifamycin b amides and hydrazides.	structure-antibacterial activity correlation equations have been developed for aseries of 44 amides and 25 hydrazides of rifamycin b in five bacterial systems. the best amide equations show that activity is a parabolic function of log p. a wide variation in log po was found for the various bacterial systems. the most important correlation parameter in the hydrazide equations is omicron*. the significance of this finding is somewhat obscured by the high degree of collinearity among the parameters ...	1975	804555
biosynthesis of ribosylthymine in the transfer rna of streptococcus faecalis: a folate-dependent methylation not involving s-adenosylmethionine.	ribosylthymine is not present in trna of streptococcus faecalis grown in the absence of folic acid, although this methylated residue does occur in the trna of this organism when it is grown in the presence of folate. we have found that, unlike other methylated residues in rna of s. faecalis and other organisms, the methyl moiety of ribosylthymine of the trna of folate-sufficient s. faecalis is not derived from s-adenosylmethionine. preliminary evidence suggests that a folate derivative serves as ...	1975	804695
[biochemistry and genetics of organic acid transport in bacteria].		1975	804772
antibody response to avian mycoplasmas.		1975	804836
effects of cadmium on the growth and uptake of cadmium by microorganisms.	six species of microorganisms, escherichia coli, bacillus cereus, lactobacillus acidophilus, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus faecalis and actinomyces niger, were grown under suitable conditions in appropriate media. cadmium chloride was added to provide 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mug of cd per ml. at 40 and 80 mug of cd per ml, e. coli and b. cereus grew well and the other species were repressed. cd uptake patterns differed significantly among the species tested. the significance of these dat ...	1975	804857
studies of folic acid compounds in nature. iv. folic acid compounds in soybeans and cow milk.	folate compounds in soybean and cow's mild were identified by sephadex chromatography and differential microbiological assaymsoybean contained mainly monoglutamates (ca. 52%), some diglutamates (ca. 16%), and polyglutamates (pentaglutamates representing the major portion). 5-cho-h4pteglun(1-6) constituted 65-70% of total folate activity; cow's milk contained monoglutamates (60%) and polyglutamates (ranging from di- to hepta-conjugates). in contrast to soybean, 90-95% of milk folate was in the 5- ...	1975	804977
qualitative assessment of midstream urine cultures in the detection of bacteriuria.	3550 women attending cervical smear and family planning clinics have been screened for bacteriria. suprapubic aspiration of urine was carried out in 131 patients from whom two consecutive midstream urine specimens contained either a pure growth of gram positive cocci or a growth in which gram negative bacilli predominated. 95 patients were found to have bacteriuria; in 93 the urine was infected with a gram negative organism. of 53 patients with a count of more than 10-5 gram negative organisms p ...	1975	805012
enzymatic adaptation by bacteria under pressure.	a study of enzymic adaptation under hydrostatic pressure by moderately barotolerant bacteria that can grow at pressure up to about 500 atm revealed that some adaptive processes are relatively insensitive to pressure, whereas others are sufficiently barosensitive to compromise survival capacity in situations requiring adaptation to new substrates under pressure. examples of the former include adaptation of escherichia coli to arabinose catabolism for growth and adaptation of streptococcus faecali ...	1975	805124
behaviour and indicator value of some microorganisms under conditions of soil contamination by pesticides.	the comparative effect of two organophosphorus pesticides (chlorophos and metaphos) on escherichia coli, an enterococcus and shigella organisms present in chernozem, podzolic, and loamy soils was investigated. a considerable level of resistance of the test organisms to the insecticides was established. this was expressed by their behaviour only changing on contamination of the soil samples with the insecticides in amounts considerably exceeding those used in natural conditions. escherichia coli ...	1975	805171
effect of sodium cyanate upon the function of normal human polymorphonuclaer leukocytes.	sodium cyanate, a drug that prevents sickling of hemoglobin s by virtue of its irreversible carbamylation of the n-terminal amino group of valine, was studied for its effect upon the function of normal human polymorphonuclear luekocytes. in concentrations of 500 and 100 mug/ml, sodium cyanate was found to inhibit killing by neutrophils of staphylococcus epidermidis and eschierichia coli but not of streptococcus faecalis. viability of cells and phagocytosis were not affected by cyanate; however, ...	1975	805192
factors that may prevent transfer of anti-biotic resistance between gram-negative bacteria in the gut.	antibiotic-resistance transfer between populations of donor and recipient strains of escherichia coli was completely inhibited in broth by dense suspensions of bacteroides fragilis. comparable amounts of inert bacterial matter (for-molised suspensions of e. coli or b. fragilis), or smaller numbers of viable b. fragilis, streptococcus faecalis, staphylococcus albus, neisseria catarrhalis, or solutions of sodium taurocholate or glycocholate were only moderately inhibitory. anaeroboisis had no effe ...	1975	805244
urinary tract infection treated with oxolinic acid.		1975	805351
prevention of folate deficiency by food fortification. ii. absorption of folic acid from fortified staple foods.	the absorption of folic acid from maize, rice and bread fortified with pteroylglutamic acid was compared with that of an aqueous solution of pteroylglutamic acid in the same subjects. feeding fortified maize and rice produced similar increments in folic acid concentration, which were approximately half those observed with the pteroylglutamic acid solution. fortified bread produced a lower increment. pteroylglutamic acid was found to resist destruction by boiling and baking at temperatures and ti ...	1975	805518
bacteriology of the gallbladder bile in normal subjects.	a bacteriologic analysis of the gallbladder bile in eighty patients who underwent operation was performed in a prospective study. in all twenty patients with a normal gallbladder as assessed by oral cholecystography and intraoperative palpation, cultured were negative. among patients with chronic cholecystitis only 30 per cent had positive bile cultures and this rose to 47 per cent among patients with acute cholecystitis.	1975	805546
asymptomatic bacteriuria in schoolchildren in newcastle upon tyne.	a screening survey for asymptomatic bacteriuria (asb) in 13464 schoolgirls aged 4 to 18 years in newcastle upon tyne showed an overall prevalence of 1.9%. in girls 4 to 6 years it was 1.4%, in girls aged 7 to 11 years it was 2.5%, in girls aged 12 to 18 years it was 1.6%, a statistically significant rise and fall. renal scarring was found in 39 (15%) of 254 girls with asb. neither the prevalence nor the severity of renal scarring increased with age. there was no association between asb and socia ...	1975	805569
tagatose-1, 6-diphosphate activation of lactate dehydrogenase from streptococcus cremoris.		1975	805590
antiplasmodial efficacy of 2,4--diaminopyrimidine0sylfonamide combinations, especially against chloroquine-resistant malaria.	this presentation deals with the historical development of the antifolate pyrimidines and related compounds, first as antimalarial substances and later as potent antibacterial agents. it describes the first quantitation of the combined action, through sequential blockade, of the substances with sulfonamides, and outlines the usefulness of the combinations in the therapy of normally sensitive and multiresistant strains of plasmodium falciparum.	1975	805650
letter: identification of enterococci.		1975	805853
methotrexate: distribution in cerebrospinal fluid after intravenous, ventricular and lumbar injections.	the kinetics and distribution of methotrexate in intraventricular and intrathecal cerebrospinal-fluid spaces were studied in patients with meningeal leukemia and meningeal carcinomatosis after drug administration by intravenous infusion, indwelling intraventricular subcutaneous reservoir (ommaya), or standard lumbar puncture. negligible ventricular concentrations followed a single intravenous dose. during an intravenous infusion (500 mg per square meter for 24 hours) the ventricular cerebrospina ...	1975	806016
[nature of bacteriocins].	the bacteriocins comprise a large, heterogeneous group of bactericidal substances produced by bacteria from widely differing species. the best known bacteriocins are the colicins. some aspects of research on colicins are discussed especially their chemical nature and mode of action, and their genetic determinants.	1975	806026
determination of site of infection in endocarditis.	medical-surgical treatment of antibiotic refractory endocarditis requires determination of the site of infection, which is not always possible with conventional cardiac catheterization. the cases of two patients with right-sided endocarditis who survived after combined medical-surgical therapy are presented. one had persistent pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia and three possible sites of infection. multiple quantitative blood cultures proximal and distal to each suspected site indicated the pulm ...	1975	806245
simple technique for the assay of antibiotic synergism against enterococci.	a simple technique with antibiotic-impregnated disks has been developed to demonstrate the antibiotic synergism of penicillins and aminoglycosides against enterococci. the two antibiotic disks are placed on inoculated plates so that the distance between their centers is less than the sum of the two radii of their previously determined inhibitory zones. after 5 h of incubation, beta-lactamase powder is dusted onto the susceptibility plate with a sterile cotton swab. after overnight incubation, th ...	1975	806260
alpha-methyl-l-glutamic acid uptake by high affinity dicarboxylic amino acid transport system in streptococcus faecalis.	the transport of alpha-methyl-l-glutamic acid was studied in streptococcus faecalis. energey-dependent uptake against substantial concentration gradients was observed. kinetic experiments indicated that, in contrast to l-glutamic acid, only a single catalytic component (high affinity) and a diffusion controlled process participated in alpha-methyl-l-glutamic acid uptake. at concentrations up to 10 mm, alpha-methyl-glutamate transport was almost completely abolished in a mutant strain lacking a h ...	1975	806303
some observations on the caecal microflora of the chick during the first two weeks of life.	1. changes in the caecal flora of chicks aged from approximately 3 h to 14 d were studied. 2. counts obtained by means of a conventional anaerobic plating method and a method for the stricter anaerobes remained comparable throughout but occasionally it was found that strains of anaerobic bacteria isolated from the predominant flora of 4- to 14-d-old birds could not be grown when tested by the conventional method. 3. during the 14-d period approximately 100% of the organisms isolated on anaerobic ...	1975	806330
vitamin b12 absorption in x-irradiated rats.	the effect of whole-body exposure of rats to a sub-lethal dose (400 rad) of x-rays on the absorptive capacity of intestinal mucosal cells for vitamin b12 has been studied. the rate of absorption of vitamin b12 from the intestinal loops is decreased in x-irradiated rat. inclusion of gastric juice from normal rat does not improve the rate. a severe interference in the absorption and retention of orally fed (57-co)-b12, as evidenced by low serum levels, decreased organ uptake and increased excretio ...	1975	806449
[activity of biseptol, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim against gram positive cocci].		1975	806754
phosphatidylkojibiosyl diglyceride: metabolism and function as an anchor in bacterial cell membrane.	the recently discovered phosphoglycolipid, phosphatidylkojibiosyl diglyceride (pkd), was first observed as a biosynthetic by-product of glycosyl diglyceride metabolism in streptococcus faecalis (faecium) atcc 9790. its structure is 1, 2-diacyl-3-o-alpha-dglucopyranosyl-6'-o-phosphoryl- [1'', 2''-diacyl-3''-o-sn-glycerol]-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol. the biosynthesis of phosphatidyl-kojibiosyl diglyceride occurs by a novel transphosphatidylation reaction in which a phosphatidyl glycero ...	1975	806764
[clinical study with spectacillin on patients with infections of the urogenital system (author's transl)].	report is given of clinical experiences gained with the new developed semi-syntheticpenicillin "spectacillin" on 75 patients suffering from an urological disease. the drug has been applied for therapy of acute and chronic forms of inflammations of the bladder and the urethra, additionally the prostatitis, the epididymitis, but first of all the pyelonephritis (caused bacterially). within the germ spectrum of these diseases, germs of the coli-type, streptococcus faecalis (enterococcus), staphyloco ...	1975	806772
the effectiveness of common office disinfection procedures for gutta-percha and silver points.		1975	806861
the digestibility and availability of lysine and methionine in isolated soya-bean protein after severe heat damage.		1975	806914
subclinical mastitis in suckler cows.	in a two-year study of the incidence of subclinical mastitis in two beef suckler herds over 2400 quarter milk samples from 180 cows were examined. somatic cell counts and total bacterial counts were carried out and infecting organisms were isolated on sheep blood agar. results of these tests indicated that: (a) in spite of extremely dirty udders, fewer contaminants were found in the suckler cow milk samples than in a group of over 1700 samples from typical dairy herds; (b) 18 per cent of all q ...	1975	807019
experimental production of elevated serum folate in dogs with intestinal blind loops. ii. nature of bacterially produced folate coenzymes in blind loop fluid.	jejunal and ileal blind loops were constructed in separate groups of dogs and the folate coenzymes present in these loops were investigated. although only those dogs with high blind loops had appreciably elevated folate levels active for lactobacillus casei but not streptococcus faecalis, every blind loop appeared to contain four folate compounds--5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid, 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid, tetrahydrofolic acid and a compound tentatively identified as 5-formyltetrahydrofolic trig ...	1975	807096
studies of cephalothin: aminoglycoside synergism against enterococci.	combinations of cephalothin and aminoglycoside antibiotics are not currently used in the therapy of serious enterococcal infections, because clinical trials of these combinations have been unsuccessful. studies of 28 enterococci isolated from patients with enterococcal bacteremia suggested three possible mechanisms for this in vivo antibiotic failure: (i) a relatively high level of resistance to cephalothin among all enterococci and especially those characterized as streptococcus faecium, (ii) a ...	1975	807155
membrane filter technique for enumeration of enterococci in marine waters.	a membrane filter procedure is described for the enumeration of enterococci in marine waters. the procedure utilizes a highly selective and somewhat differential primary isolation medium followed by an in situ substrate test for identifying colonies of those organisms capable of hydrolyzing esculin. the procedure (me) was evaluated with known streptococci strains and field samples with regard to its accuracy, sensitivity, selectivity, precision, and comparability to existing methods. essentially ...	1975	807165
the prevalence of enterococci in the human mouth and their pathogenicity in animal models.		1975	807189
a critical look at chemical disinfection of anaesthetic apparatus.	studies were carried out to test the efficacy of disinfection of a previously contaminated corrugated anaesthetic tube and reservoir bag. bacteriological swabs and sampling with broth were evaluated as methods of detecting contamination. gross contamination was detected by broth sampling on occasions when swabbing failed to reveal contamination. the presence of up to 18% by volume of residual air within the apparatus was detected. a method of ensuring elimination of all air is described and stud ...	1975	807229
protein quality of feeding-stuffs. 7. collaborative studies on the microbiological assay of available amino acids.	1. twenty-two samples of high-protein feeding-stuffs, sixteen of them fish meals, were used in a collaborative study of the precision and the limits of discrimination of the streptococcus zymogenes assay procedure, as applied to the estimation of available methionine, tryptophan and isoleucine contents. 2. all the participating laboratories ranked the test samples in much the same sequence with respect to content for all three amino acids. there were apparently systematic differences between lab ...	1975	807233
effect of valinomycin on ion transport in bacterial cells and on bacterial growth.	the antimicrobial action of valinomycin relative to the k+ and na+ contents of the medium has been investigated in several species of bacteria, particularly in streptococcus faecalis, which effects energy-linked transport exclusively via degradation of glycolytic atp, micrococcus lysodeikticus, effecting active ion transport by respiration and staphylococcus aureus, the energy-dependent ion transport of which is due to both glycolytic atp degradation and respiration. it was demonstrated that val ...	1975	807259
synthesis and excretion of glycerol teichoic acid during growth of two streptococcal species.	examination of both supernatant culture medium and cell pellets after exponential- and stationary-phase growth of streptococcus mutans strain fa-1 and streptococcus faecalis atcc 9790 (s. faecium) showed the presence of [-3h]glycerol-labeled material that possessed several of the properties of glycerol teichoic acid. in the supernatant medium of s. mutans fa-1, an apparently large-molecular-size material, which eluted from agarose columns with the kd value expected of a lipoteichoic acid, was ob ...	1975	807523
a new parenteral cephalosporin, sk&f 59962: 7-trifluoromethylthioacetamido-3-(1-methyl-1h-tetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid. chemistry and structure activity relationships.	the synthesis, microbiological profile and in vivo effectiveness in laboratory animals of a series of cephalosporins having 7-acyl substituents derived from methylthioacetic acid are described. structure-activity relationships examined include the effect of oxidation of the side-chain sulfur atom, replacement of the (side-chain) methyl hydrogens by fluorine and replacement of the 3-acetoxy substituent by thioheterocycles. one derivative, 7-trifluoromethylthioacetamido-3-(1-methyl-1h-tetrazol-5-y ...	1975	807547
cellular localization of lipoteichoic acid in streptococcus faecalis.	the release of lipoteichoic acid and mesosomal vesicles to the supernatant buffer during the formation of spherical, osmotically fragile bodies was studied using streptococcus faecalis atcc 9790. autolytic n-acetylmuramidase action was permitted to take place in exponential-phase cells incubated in a buffer which provides an exceptional degree of osmotic stabilization. both lipoteichoic acid and mesosomal vesicles were relatively rapidly released to the supernatant buffer. most of the cellular c ...	1975	807556
folate concentration and pattern in bovine milk.		1975	807607
streptococcal infection in young pigs. iv. an outbreak of streptococcal meningitis in weaned pigs.	twenty-eight pigs died in an outbreak of streptococcal meningitis in an east anglian herd. most were 10-14 weeks old. the outbreak lasted from january to april and was finally controlled by antibiotic therapy. a similar number of losses had occurred in the previous year though no diagnosis had then been made. the causal agent appeared to be a haemolytic streptococcus belonging to group d and provisionally designated streptococcus suis type 2. it is probably identical with de moor's group r strep ...	1975	807620
synthesis of n-10-methyl-4-thiofolic acid and related compounds.	compound 21 (n10-methyl-4-thiofolic acid) and related compounds were prepared as potential inhibitors of the cofactor forms of tetrahydrofolate. the preparation of 2-acetylamino-4-(benzylthio)-6-chloro-5-nitropyrimidine (4) provided an intermediate that was allowed to react with methyl p-[(3-aminoacetonyl)methylamino]benzoate oxime (16). the oxime function of the resulting 6-substituted aminopyrimidine 6 was hydrolyzed to give the corresponding acetonylaminopyrimidine 7, which on reductive cycli ...	1975	807732
substituted 1-[(5-nitrofurfurylidene)amino]-4-imidazolin-2-ones.	a series of 1-[(5-nitrofurfurylidene)amino]-4-imidazolin-2-ones has been prepared. a new synthesis of 4-alkyl-1-[(5-nitrofurfurylidene)amino]-4-imidazolin-2-ones involving the oxidative ring closure of 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde 2-(2-hydroxyethylalkyl)semicarbazones is described. the in vitro testing of the compounds against a variety of bacteria is reported.	1975	807733
2-phenethylimidazole derivatives. synthesis and antimycotic properties.	compounds of type (x = o, nh; ar and ar' = phenyl of substituted phenyl; ten examples) were prepared and assayed against miconazole (ii,x = o; ar = ar' =2,4-cl2c6h3) as potential antimycotic agents. optimal activity was noted for i(x = o; ar = ar' = 2,4-cl2c6h3), the direct analog of miconazole. it is about one-tenth as active.	1975	807735
monocyclic antibiotic beta-lactams.	the preparation and antimicrobial activity of a series of beta-lactams (3a-f) are described. these compounds were prepared from the 2+2 cycloaddition of beta,beta-disubstituted enamines with aryl isocyanates; compounds 3a-f underwent facile beta-lactam ring fission between aminal carbon atom c4 and the lactam nitrogen n1. the resisting formylacetanilide derivatives were devoid of antibiotic activity.	1975	807736
competitive effects of intestinal microflora on vibrio cholerae in gnotobiotic mice.	the coexistence of vibrio cholerae and several intestinal bacteria was determined in gnotobiotic mice. the bacteria tested included a bacteroides sp, clostridium difficile, clostridium perfringens type a, 2 separate isolates of escherichia coli, 2 different lactobacilli, 2 separate isolates of proteus mirabilis, pseudomonas maltophilia, and streptococcus faecalis. each species of bacteria became established and was recovered repeatedly from the stools during the studies. no single strain or spec ...	1975	807775
herd incidence of bovine mastitis in four danish dairy. districts ii. evaluation of the effect of the mastitis control scheme.	bacteriological and cytological examinations have been carried out on samples from 6,808 cows belonging to 339 herds in four danish dairy districts. after a discussion of differences between the districts as regards intensivity of mastitis control, public health surveillance, etc., definitions are given of certain terms, such as presence of bacteria, infection, pathogenic versus non-pathogenic (less pathogenic) organisms. the rate of infection with pathogenic organisms varies between districts f ...	1975	807908
plasmid-determined tetracycline resistance in streptococcus faecalis: evidence for gene amplification during growth in presence of tetracycline.	the tetracycline (tg)-resistant streptococcus faecalis strain ds-5cl harbors two plasmids designated alpha and gamma with molecular masses of approximately 6 and 35 million daltons, respectively. tc-sensitive variants were derived by storing cells at 45 degrees for 2-3 weeks. analysis of covalently closed circular dna from five such variants (derived independently) revealed that in each variant the alpha-plasmid, which normally sediments at 28 s (supercoiled) in a sucrose density gradient, was r ...	1975	807914
relationship of bacterial infection in urine and calculi to canine urolithiasis.	in 26 dogs treated surgically for urolithiasis, bacteriological examination of the urine and the interior of calculi showed that infection was present in both materials in 14 cases. infection with phosphate calculi, present in 13 of these 14 dogs, was associated with a variety of bacteria including staphylococcus aureus, staph epidermidis, streptococcus faecalis, escherichia coli and proteus spp. in a follow-up examination of 16 dogs, organisms different from the original isolates were recovered ...	1975	808018
plasmid-determined resistance to erythromycin: comparison of strains of streptococcus faecalis and streptococcus pyogenes with regard to plasmid hmology and resistance inducibility.	streptococcus faecalis strains ds-5 and streptococcus pyogenes strain ac-1 both have a 17 million dalton plasmid that determines resistance to erythromycin, lincomycin, and vernamycin b(alpha). the results of deoxyribonucleic acid-deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization experiments indicate that the two plasmids are about 95% homologous. it was also shown that erythromycin resistance is inducible in ac-1 and constitutive in ds-5.	1975	808161
editorial: bacteraemia from the bowel.		1975	808245
carbenicillin therapy of urinary tract infections due to difficult uropathogens. iii. enterococcus.		1975	808385
laboratory studies with cefatrizine (sk + f 60771), a new broad-spectrum orally-active cephalosporin.	cefatrizine (sk&f 60771), a new orally-active semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, was compared with cephalexin and cefazolin for in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity and pharmacokinetic behavior in laboratory animals. the average mic values obtained with cefatrizine against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were superior to those obtained with cephalexin and somewhat poorer than those of cefazolin. in addition, a large percentage of th ...	1975	808525
studies of the formation of peptide cross-links in the cell wall peptidoglycan of streptococcus faecalis.	a method was developed to label specifically the glycan chains of the cell wall peptidoglycan of streptococcus faecalis atcc 9790 with [14c]acetate. the formation of peptide cross-links (a) during exponential growth, (b) after valine starvation and wall thickening, and (c) during regrowth after 2 hours of valine starvation, was studied using continuous, pulse and pulse-chase labeling of the peptidoglycan with both [14c]acetate and [3h]lysine. after labeling, walls were isolated, digested with th ...	1975	808547