Publications

cephalothin and cephaloridine therapy for bacterial meningitis.	the efficacy of cephalothin and cephaloridine in the treatment of bacterial meningitis was evaluated from a review of 106 cases reported in the literature. fifty-nine percent of 34 patients treated with intravenous cephalothin responded suboptimally; those receiving daily doses of 12 g or more fared significantly better (p less than 0.025). in contrast, 74% of 72 patients treated with cephaloridine responded favorably; those who received concomitant intrathecal cephaloridine responded significan ...	1975	237448
letter: group-y meningococcal disease.		1975	237449
aminoglycosides from the clinical microbiologist's viewpoint.	the author is discussing the aminoglycosides from the clinical microbiologists viewpoint. it is both an review of the literature and a personal attempt to put into perspective some of his own experience with these agents and reports in the literature. he is discussing the influence of the culture media composition of the outcome of susceptibility tests with these agents as well as the problems of bacterial resistance. furthermore the topic of rapid and reasonably accurate serum drug level determ ...	1975	237839
molecular biology of nitrogen fixation.		1975	238283
metabolism of deoxycorticosterone by human fecal flora.	21-dehydroxylation, a feature of metabolism of corticoids in humans, was observed in mixed cultures of fecal flora of normal individuals on a western diet. the model substrate, 11-deoxycorticosterone (doc), was metabolized to 3alpha-21-dihydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one (thdoc), 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan20-one (pregnanolone), and to two unidentified structures, metabolites x and y. doc was not metabolized in all media supporting growth of fecal flora. conversion required an initial ph between 6.0 ...	1975	238472
studies on stimulation and properties of antiglobulin antibodies. ii. antiglobulin antibodies against homologous globulins and antigens of thermally denatured autologous sera in the sera of rabbits immunized with various antigens.	sera of 48 rabbits after long-term immunization with suspensions of diplococcus pneumoniae, klebsiella friedländeri, proteus ox19 and solution of bovine albumin were examined for antibodies reacting with homologous gamma-globulins and antigens of thermally denatured autologous sera. appearance of antibodies of this type was related to duration of immunization, but not related to the type of antigen used. the experimental results were explained as a result of altered antigenic properties of antib ...	1975	238486
a new parenteral cephalosporin. sk&f 59962: in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity and serum levels in experimental animals.	sk&f 59962, a new parenteral cephalosporin was found to have a high order of in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity against a broad-spectrum of clinical isolates. when tested in vitro against gram-negative organisms, sk&f 59962 was consistently more active than cefazolin and far superior to cephalothin. this new antibiotic had activity equal to that of cephalothin against gram-positive bacteria. enterobacter species were found to be susceptible to sk&f 59962. in mouse infection studies usin ...	1975	238925
gene order of the histidine utilization (hut) operons in klebsiella aerogenes.	p1-sensitive mutants of klebsiella aerogenes were isolated and the gene order of the hut region was then determined using p1-mediated transduction. the genes are located in the klebsiella chromosome between gal and bio as in salmonella typhimurium. the gene order, gal, huti, hutg, hutc, huu, huth, bio is also the same as that observed in s. typhimurium.	1975	238937
regulation of nitrogen metabolism in escherichia coli and klebsiella aerogenes: studies with the continuous-culture technique.	ammonia-nitrogen-limited continuous cultures of escherichia coli and klebsiella aerogenes contain induced levels of glutamine synthetase that is deadenylyated (i.e., fully active). in the presence of excess ammonia or glutamate in glucose-limited cultures of e. coli, glutamine synthetase is repressed and adenylylated (inactive). the average state of adenylylation (n) is a linear function of the specific growth rate. at low specific growth rates, glutamine synthetase is adenylylated; as the speci ...	1975	238954
purification and properties of citrate lyase from streptococcus diacetilactis.	citrate lyase from streptococcus diacetilactis has been purified to yield a protein that was homogeneous as judged by sedimentation velocity and sedimentation equilibrium experiments. the enzyme's sedimentation coefficient is 16.8 s and its molecular weight is around 585,000. it contains three nonidentical subunits of about 53,000, 34,000, and 10,000 daltons. the enzyme in its active form contains an acetyl group which turns over during the citrate cleavage reaction. removal of the acetyl group ...	1975	238987
automated system for analytical microbiology v: calibration lines for antibiotics.	the accuracy of an automated system for the microbiological assay of antibiotics was increased by improvement attendant to connection to an on-line computer. the system was used to investigate the suitability of four forms of interpolation formulas by assaying for chlortetracycline and erythromycin. the calibration lines were prepared as point-to-point straight-line approximations and as cubic equations. cubic equations through four calibration points were preferred. since the automated system w ...	1975	239199
[clinical evaluation of a new oral cephalosporin preparation, cephradine dry syrup, in pediatrics (author's transl)].		1975	239262
[clinical effects of lividomycin on respiratory tract infections, primarily wet cases of bronchiectasis (author's transl)].	patients with various respiratory infections, primarily wet cases of bronchiectasis, were treated with lividomycin (lvdm) at a dose of 1 g/day for about a week. the results obtained are as follows: 1. of the 15 patients with refractory bronchiectasis who had previously been treated with various other antibiotics, 11 patients (73.3%) responded to lvdm. although there was no patient who responded to lvdm excellently, good cures were achieved in 5 pateints and fair cures in 6 patients. 2. in bronc ...	1975	239263
1-alkyl-2-nitroimidazol-5-yl derivatives ii. n-substituted nitrones.		1975	239726
comparative inhibitory activity of bl-s640 and two other cephalosporins.	in vitro antibacterial activity of bl-s640 was compared to that of cephalothin and cephalexin against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria isolated from clinical specimens. bl-s640 demonstrated the best activity on nearly all microbial species studied, except for haemophilus influenzae and diplococcus pneumoniae against which cephalothin was slightly more active.	1975	239917
enterotoxigenic intestinal bacteria in tropical sprue. iii. preliminary characterization of klebsiella pneumoniae enterotoxin.	cell-free broth filtrates of a strain of klebsiella pneumoniae serotype 5 retained their capacity to induce fluid secretion in the rabbit ileal loop model after heating (100 c for 30 min), acid treatment (ph 4.4), and dialysis through viscose tubing. sequential passage of an acetone precipitate of the broth filtrate through diaflo membranes yielded an active fraction in the um 2, but not the um 10, retentate; this observation indicates that the molecular weight of the enterotoxin is in the range ...	1975	239990
the effects of staphylococcus aureus and klebsiella pneumoniae peritonitis in mice exposed to normal and hypoxic conditions on red cell oxygen transport function.	normal mice exposed to 10% oxygen concentration developed a slight but statistically significant decrease in blood ph and a slight statistically insignificant decrease in red cell 2,3-dpg. mice that were infected intraperitoneally with staphylococcus aureus or klebsiella pneumoniae and exposed to 20% oxygen developed acidosis, hemoconcentration, and decreased red cell 2,3-dpg levels. when mice with acute bacterial peritonitis were exposed to 10% oxygen concentration they likewise developed signi ...	1975	239991
[comparison of the antibacterial activity of amikacin (bb-k8) with other aminoglycosides against pathogens recently isolated from clinical materials (author's transl) ].	we determined the antibacterial activity of amikacin against 1,277 strains of pathogenic bacteria isolated from clinical materials during 1974, including beta hemolytic streptococci, pneumococci, enterococci, staphylococcus aureus, staph. epidermidis, escherichia coli, klebsiella, enterobacter, citrobacter, serratia, proteus morganii and pseudomonas aeruginosa, and compared the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of this drug with gentamicin, dibekacin, tobramycin and kanamycin. 1)antibacteri ...	1975	240047
[chemotherapy of purulent meningitis in children (author's transl)].	purulent meningitis in patients admitted to the pediatric department of kyoto university hospital and affiliated institutions from 1951 through 1973 were studied with emphasis on the kinds of the causative organisms and the susceptibility of these organisms to antibiotics. the findings in this study have served to help select antibiotics most likely to be effective against this disease. the overall incidence of purulent meningitis was 0.68%. this figure decreased little throughout the period. as ...	1975	240048
bacterial respiration-linked proton translocation and its relationship to respiratory-chain composition.	1. the relationship between chain composition and the efficiency of respiration-linked proton translocation was studied in nine bacterial species of widely differing taxonomic and ecological status. 2. all the bacteria investigated contained respiratory chain dehydrogenases, ubiquinone and/or menaquinone, cytochrome b and cytochrome oxidase aa3 and/or o. in addition, some of these organisms also contained pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase and/or cytochrome c. 3. leads to h+/o ratios of whole ...	1975	240679
regulation of the ammonia assimilatory enzymes in salmonella typhimurium.	the regulation of glutamate dehydrogenase (ec 1.4.1.4), glutamine synthetase (ec 6.3.1.2), and glutamate synthase (ec 2.6.1.53) was examined for cultures of salmonella typhimurium grown with various nitrogen and amino acid sources. in contrast to the regulatory pattern observed in klebsiella aerogenes, the glutamate dehydrogenase levels of s. typhimurium do not decrease when glutamine synthetase is derepressed during growth with limiting ammonia. thus, it appears that the s. typhimurium glutamin ...	1975	240804
synthesis and antibacterial properties of methylsulfinyl and methylsulfonyl analongs of some nitrofurans.	the sulfoxides 5-methylsulfinyl-2-furaldehyde semicarbazone (2) and 1-[(5-methylsulfinyl-2-fufurylidene)amino]hydantoin (3) as well as the sulfones 1-[(5-methylsulfonyl-2-furfurylidene)animo]hydantoin (1) and 1-(5-methylsulfonly-2-furyl)-2-(6-amino-3-p-ridazyl)ethylene hydrochloride (4) have been prepared and tested for antibacterial activity against a number of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. the compounds are much less active than the corresponding 5-nitrofuran derivatives, possibly ...	1975	240940
[on sensitivity test of dibekacin by the disc method (author's transl)].		1975	240956
puncture wounds of the foot.	serious complications occurred in 29 of 887 children with puncture wounds of the feet treated over a four-year period at the dr. charles a. janeway child health centre. osteomyelitis in one of the small bones of the foot was the commonest complication and occurred when a cartilaginous surface (physeal plate or articular cartilage) had been violated. although systemic signs of osteomyelitis frequently are absent, this infectious process is refractory to medical management. the combined surgical a ...	1975	241038
[synthetic medium for testing of susceptibility. ii. susceptibility of bacteria to sulphonamides (author's transl)].	a comparative study of 9 media for testing the susceptibility of bacteria to 7 sulphonamides has been carried out. the evaluated culture-media included 4 "mueller hinton" media (mh), 4 others based on the formula of the "diagnostic sensitivity test" agar base (d.s.t.) and a "synthetic medium" (sm) which has been developed in our laboratory. mh and d.s.t. culture-media have been supplied by 4 manufacturing companies in europe and usa. a total number of 21 bacterial cultures have been employed. th ...	1975	241178
acute phlegmonous gastritis: differentiation from primary peritonitis and the peritonitis of collagen vascular disease.		1975	241281
abnormal forms of bacteria produced by antibiotics.	subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics can produce in vitro aberrant forms of bacteria that are similar to those observed in specimens and cultures from patients being treated with antibacterial agents. eight species of bacteria were grown on membranes placed on agar containing subinhibitory concentrations of nine antibiotics. the resulting organisms were examined by gram stain and electron microscopy. gram stains showed filamentous and granular forms of enterobacteria with bipolar staining ...	1975	242211
[diarrhea outbreak and bacterial resistance to ampicillin in newborns].	twenty-eight healthy neonates from the san juan de dios hospital were studied to determine the pattern of antibiotic resistance of indigenous intestinal bacteria. sixty-eight per cent of infants had enterobacteriaceae resistant to several wide-spectrum antibiotics, including ampicillin; 28 per cent of the cultures had plasmid-mediated ampicillin resistance. in the course of the study, an outbreak of 10 acute cases of diarrhea occurred, not associated to any of the commonly known agents, includin ...	1977	242927
infectious complications of burns casualties during the yom-kippur war.	during the october 1973 military conflict, 41 burned patients hospitalized at the sheba medical center were closely followed up. all the patients who had burns occupying 20% or more of the body surface developed wound infections. pseudomonas aeruginosa was the major pathogen isolated. most infections occurred during the second week following the injury. serial cultures revealed that only the isolation of proteus species and p. aeruginosa from wounds could predict an infection caused by those mic ...	1977	244453
[in vitro reaction to antibiotics in klebsiella group organisms isolated from clinical cases (author's transl)].	according to the antibiotic sensitivity tests of 228 klebsiella, they were found most sensitive resistant to ampicillin and penicillin. a great percentage of them had multiple resistance.	1977	244771
[in vitro antibacterial activity of tobramycin used in combination with cephalothin or carbenicillin (author's transl)].	combinations of tobramycin (tob) with cephalothin (cet) or carbenicillin (cbpc) were evaluated by in vitro test against 161 clinical isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae, escherichia coli, indole-positive proteus, enterobacter and serratia marcescens which were not inhibited by 6.25 microgram/ml of cet. the combinations were considered to show synergy when there was a 4-fold or greater reduction in mic values (fic index less than or equal to 0.5) of both antibiotics when combined. synergy of tob wi ...	1978	246946
cefuroxime, a beta-lactamase-resistant cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of gram-positive and -negative activity.	the in vitro activity of cefuroxime, a cephalosporin antibiotic, was investigated against 604 isolates and compared with the activity of other beta-lactam compounds. cefuroxime had activity comparable to that of other cephalosporins, including cefamandole and cefoxitin, against streptococcal and staphylococcal species; most streptococci were inhibited by 0.1 mug or less per ml, and staphylococci were inhibited by 1.6 mug or less per ml. enterococci were relatively resistant. cefuroxime inhibited ...	1978	248268
antibacterial activity of apalcillin (pc-904) against gram-negative bacilli, especially ampicillin-, carbenicillin-, and gentamicin-resistant clinical isolates.	apalcillin (pc-904) is active against carbenicillin- and ampicillin-resistant strains of gram-negative bacilli. among pseudomonas aeruginosa strains highly resistant to carbenicillin (>/=3,200 mug/ml), half of them were susceptible to pc-904 at a concentration of 50 to 1,600 mug/ml. the minimal inhibitory concentration of pc-904 against p. aeruginosa strains resistant to carbenicillin (400 to 1,600 mug/ml) ranged from 3.1 to 25 mug/ml. ampicillin- and carbenicillin-resistant enterobacteriaceae s ...	1978	248269
hr 756, a highly active cephalosporin: comparison with cefazolin and carbenicillin.	hr 756, a new parenteral cephalosporin, was compared with cefazolin and carbenicillin for activity against a total of 264 strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., proteus mirabilis, proteus spp. (indole positive), enterobacter spp., salmonella typhi, serratia marcescens, providencia stuartii, and staphylococcus aureus. in every comparison, except that with the last organism, hr 756 was clearly more active than cefazolin and carbenicillin. all three compounds had simi ...	1978	253572
comparative evaluation of piperacillin in vitro.	the minimal inhibitory concentrations of piperacillin and seven other betalactam antibiotics were determined against 407 bacterial isolates. piperacillin was found to be more active than ampicillin against susceptible gram-negative bacilli and more active than either carbenicillin or ticarcillin against pseudomonas aeruginosa and streptococci. although piperacillin was active against klebsiella pneumoniae, this activity was less than that of the cephalosporins. piperacillin was not active agains ...	1978	253573
[antibiotic therapy, intestinal microbial pullulation and risk of infection in children].	the effect of antibiotic therapy on the intestinal flora was studied qualitatively and quantitatively in 41 infants. the results have been compared with 27 normal children of the same age and background. antibiotics were responsible for the suppression of sensitive strains and for their replacement by resistant organisms but above all to a rapid multiplication of the intestinal flora. colistin and pristinamycin caused these changes when given orally. ampicillin when given both orally and parente ...	1978	255089
asepsis in pulmonary care: improving old traditions.		1979	255565
continuous infusion tobramycin combined with carbenicillin for infections in cancer patients.	the cure rate of infections in cancer patients is adversely affected by neutropenia (less than 1,000/mm3). in particular, patients with severe neutropenia (less than 100/mm3) have shown a poor response to antibiotics. to overcome the adverse effects of neutropenia, tobramycin was given by continuous infusion and combined with intermittent carbenicillin. tobramycin was given to a total daily dose of 300 mg/m2 and carbenicillin was given at a dose of 5 gm every four hours. there were 125 infectiou ...	1979	256433
comparative activities of ampicillin, epicillin and amoxycillin in vitro and in vivo.	the antibacterial activities of three aminopenicillins ampicillin, epicillin and amoxycillin were compared in vitro and in vivo. the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) of the three penicillins were very similar and the compounds were active against non-beta-lactamase-producing strains of escherichia coli, salmonella and shigella species, proteus mirabilis, haemophilus influenzae and neisseria gonorrhoeae. streptococci including streptococcus faecalis, and non-beta-lactamase-producing staphy ...	1979	256524
a safer place for patients.		1979	260005
susceptibility of various microorganisms to chlorhexidine.	the susceptibility to chlorhexidine of bacteria in aerobic, facultatively anaerobic and anaerobic isolates from clinical specimens of wounds, urine, saliva, and dental plaque was studied. agar diffusion tests using 50 microng chlorhexidine discs and agar dilution tests were performed and the mic values correlated with inhibition zone diameters. anaerobic plaque strains were isolated and tested by the agar dilution method in an anaerobic glove box. regression lines obtained for five agar media de ...	1977	266752
[gas producing intramuscular abscess in two patients with acute leukemia (author's transl)].		1978	279721
gentamicin and amikacin---an in vitro comparison using 1000 clinical isolates.	the in vitro antimicrobial activities of gentamicin and amikacin against 1000 bacterial isolates from clinical material were compared. the minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined by an agar dilution technique. both of these aminoglycoside antibiotics had a similar spectrum of activity, being highly active against most species of aerobic gram negative bacilli. gentamicin was more active than amikacin against most species of enterobacteria, haemophilus influenzae and staphylococcus aureu ...	1978	282852
klebsiella in patients with denture stomatitis.		1979	282912
intergeneric mobilization of rhizobium nif genes to agrobacterium and klebsiella.		1979	290853
klebsiella osteoarthritis in prematurity; complication of umbilical artery catheterization.		1979	293533
enhancement of certain biological activities of muramyl dipeptide derivatives after conjugation to a multi-poly(dl-alanine)--poly(l-lysine) carrier.	n-acetylmuramyl-l-ala-d-glu-nh2 (muramyl dipeptide) and several of its derivatives are effective immunoactivators that can enhance nonspecific resistance to infection but can also elicit fever. in contrast, one of its stereoisomers, n-acetylmuramyl-d-ala-d-glu-nh2, is devoid of both these activities. our present report demonstrates that macromolecularization of muramyl dipeptide by attachment of several units to a multi-poly(dl-ala)-poly(l-lys) carrier potentiates both its pyrogenic and its immu ...	1979	293743
comparison of in vitro activity of cephalexin, cephradine, and cefaclor.	inhibitory activity of cephalexin, cephradine, and cefaclor was compared by the who-ics agar dilution technique. cefaclor was substantially more active against staphylococci, streptococci, gonococci, meningococci, haemophilus, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, citrobacter diversus, proteus mirabilis, salmonellae, and shigellae than was cephalexin, which in turn was more active than cephradine. cefaclor appeared to be less resistant to staphylococcal penicillinase than did the other two ag ...	1977	301005
pulmonary infections.		1977	303732
[x-ray pictures of various pneumonias].		1977	303738
[the position of antibiotic prevention in surgery].	the importance of antibiotic prophylaxis for surgery: the current state of the discussion of the benefits and dangers of antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery is critically considered with reference to the literature and our own investigations. situations where prophylactic administration of antibiotics may be absolutely locigal and where such administration may be without benefit to the patient or even dangerous are commented on. "shortterm prophylaxis" where antibiotics are given before, during an ...	1978	305531
[acute hemorrhagic enteritis with klebsiella oxytoca].		1978	308552
combined activitiy of clavulanic acid and ticarcillin against ticarcillin-resistant, gram-negative bacilli.	fifty-one clinical isolates of ticarcillin-resistant, gram-negative bacilli were tested for susceptibility to combinations of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid (brl 14151), a potent beta-lactamase inhibitor. minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) were measured by a microdilution method, and minimal bactericidal concentrations for selected strains were measured by the broth dilution method. ticarcillin mics were >/=128 mug/ml for all and >/=512 mug/ml for 38 (75%) of the strains. thirty-nine stra ...	1978	308792
[inflammatory pulmonary lesions: resolutions and residuals (author's transl)].	there are different patterns of development and resolution of inflammatory alveolar and interstitial pulmonary lesions. delayed resolution of peripheral pneumonia results in lung shrinkage mainly towards the mediastinum and the apices with distortion and atypical distribution of pulmonary vasculature and compensatory hyperinflation. resolution in perivascular and peribronchial parts is often delayed and results in scarring. interstitial pneumonia may result directly in pulmonary fibrosis with lo ...	1978	309140
cp-45,899, a beta-lactamase inhibitor that extends the antibacterial spectrum of beta-lactams: initial bacteriological characterization.	cp-45,899 {3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 4,4-dioxide, [2s-(2alpha,5alpha)]} is an irreversible inhibitor of several bacterial penicillinases and cephalosporinases. in the presence of low concentrations of cp-45,899, ampicillin and other beta-lactams readily inhibit the growth of a variety of resistant bacteria that contain beta-lactamases. cp-45,899 used alone displays only weak antibacterial activity, with the notable exception of its potent effects on ...	1978	309306
bulging (sagging) fissure sign in hemophilus influenzae lobar pneumonia.	a bulging fissure sign was noticed on chest roentgenogram in a patient with h influenzae pneumonia. this sign is usually associated with klebsiella pneumonia and has also been seen in pneumococcal and plague pneumonia, tuberculosis, mass lesions of the lung, and large lung abscesses. this is thought to be the first report of a bulging fissure sign associated with pneumonia due to h influenzae.	1978	309660
[investigations on the correlation of inhibition zones and minimum inhibitory concentrations testing beta-lactamase positive and negative enterobacteriaceae (author's transl)].		1978	311568
comparative inhibition beta-lactamases by novel beta-lactam compounds.	the beta-lactamase-inhibiting activity of cp-45,899, 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicylo(3,2,0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 4,4-dioxide [2s-(2alpha,5alpha)], was investigated and compared with the beta-lactamase-inhibiting activity of clavulanic acid and dicloxacillin. cp-45,899 was an effective inhibitor of staphylococcus aureus beta-lactamase and of those beta-lactamases of gram-negative bacteria which are primarily active against penicillins or equally active against penicillins and cephalosp ...	1979	311616
in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of cefazaflur compared with those of beta-lactamase-stable cephalosporins.	the in vitro activity of cefazaflur, a parenteral cephalosporin, was determined against 590 clinical isolates. cefazaflur inhibited the majority of gram-positive cocci at concentrations below 1 mug/ml except for enterococci. the agent was as active as cefamandole or cefoxitin against most escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, and proteus mirabilis. although it inhibited a number of strains of enterobacter, indole-positive proteus, and serratia resistant to cephalothin, it was much less active ...	1979	313753
in vitro antibacterial activity of cefoperazone (t-1551), a new semisynthetic cephalosporin.	cefoperazone, a new semisynthetic cephalosporin, has a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. it is as active as cefazolin and cefamandole against gram-positive bacteria and is more active than cefazolin and cefamandole against such gram-negative bacilli as escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus species, pseudomonas aeruginosa, citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae, and serratia marcescens. the superiority of cefoperazone over cefazolin and cefamandole with respect to activity ...	1979	316988
comparison of antibacterial activity of a new cephalosporin, ceftizoxime (fk 749) with other cephalosporin antibiotics.	fk 749 is a distinctive new parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic with a broad antibacterial spectrum which is more potently active against a wide variety of gram-negative bacilli, including the opportunistic pathogens such as citrobacter and enterobacter species and serratia marcescens, than sce 963, t 1551 and cefmetazole. the activity of fk 749 against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, pyogenes was by far superior to that of the three other antibiotics. these test organisms were not resi ...	1979	317284
the comparative efficacy of cephalexin and sulfisoxazole in acute urinary tract infection in children.	a double blind, comparative study of the efficacy of cephalexin versus sulfisoxazole was conducted on 100 children with initial episodes of urinary tract infections. the overall bacteriologic and clinical cure rates were comparable for both antimicrobials. children treated with cephalexin had a clinical cure rate of 86 per cent and a bacterial cure rate of 84 per cent, while those given sulfisoxazole were found to have rates of 82 and 92 per cent respectively. however, cephalexin was noted to ha ...	1977	318609
alteration of effectiveness of antibiotics by anaerobiosis.	in vitro antibiotic susceptibility tests of facultative organisms are routinely performed under aerobic conditions, despite the fact that many infections caused by these organisms occur in anaerobic areas, i.e., intra-abdominal absess. experiments were performed aerobically and anaerobically to determine the susceptibility of e. coli, p. mirabilis, and k. pneumoniae to gentamicin, tobramycin, cephalothin, cefazolin, and cefamandole. antibiotic sensitivities were determined by disc and agar dilut ...	1977	318675
rhinoscleroma of the lower respiratory tract.	rhinoscleroma is a chronic granulomatous disease of the respiratory tract endemic to eastern europe and central america which is being recognized with increasing frequency in other countries, including the united states. it was initially described as a lesion of the nose and upper respiratory tract, but is now known to involve the larynx, trachea and bronchi as well to cause slowly progressive asphyxia. eleven cases of rhinoscleroma with varying degrees of involvement of the lower respiratory tr ...	1977	318724
antimicrobial spectrum, pharmacology and therapeutic use of antibiotics. part 2: penicillins.	the mechanism of action, resistance, antibacterial spectrum, clinical pharmacology, adverse effects, and therapeutic and prophylactic use of penicillins are reviewed. the choice of a penicillin is discussed. the only indication for the penicillinase-resistant penicillins is the suspected or demonstrated presence of staphylococcus aureus. there are no important differences in therapeutic effect among oxacillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin or flucloxacillin by the oral route, or among oxacillin, di ...	1977	318800
clindamycin and gentamicin for aerobic and anaerobic sepsis.	thirty-eight adult patients with serious pleuropulmonary, soft-tissue, bone, and intra-abdominal infections caused by combinations of aerobic, facultative, and anaerobic bacteria were treated with parenterally given clindamycin phosphate and gentamicin sulfate and surgery when appropriate. nine had associated bacteremia. in 29, infections failed to respond to other therapeutic regimens, which included penicillins, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, and chloramphenicol. results with clindamycin and ...	1977	318824
effect of fosfomycin on the fecal microflora of man.	use of broad-spectrum antibiotics is known to cause changes in the intestinal microflora of man. the present study was initiated to determine the effect of oral fosfomycin calcium on several groups of microorganisms indigenous to the gut. data from this double-blind study indicate that 2 g of fosfomycin given daily in four divided doses for 28 days increased the incidence of soft stools. no significant changes in numbers of staphylococci or candida were observed during treatment. although there ...	1977	318971
genetic localization of the resistance to fosfomycin.	the possible existence of a transferable resistance to fosfomycin was studied in 50 strains of enterobacteria that were isolated in our hospital and which showed a resistance to fosfomycin of more than 256 mug/ml. e. coli k12 e711 was used as a receptor strain in the conjugation -- the times of conjugation were 20 min and 18 h. we found a transferable resistance in 28% of the strains. in all but one of the cases, only the resistance to fosfomycin was transferred. the recombinant which received t ...	1977	318972
fosfomycin and plasmidic resistance.	60 fosfomycin-resistant strains of gram-negative bacilli are submitted to conjugation experiments using as recipient cell e. coli k12 which is nalidixic acid resistant. after mating, the number of fosfomycin-resistant e. coli k2 colonies growing on selection plates containing nalidixic acid and fosfomycin never surpassed the normal rate of mutation for fosfomycin-resistance of the recipient strain. in 65% of the experiments, plasmidic resistance to other antimicrobials was transferred to e. coli ...	1977	318973
treatment of cefazolin in 45 cases of urinary tract infections.	we have treated 45 cases of urinary tract infection with cefazolin (i.m.) and cure was achieved in 35 (77.77%). 26 of the 28 patients (92.85%) with acute cystitis who received 250 mg every 12 h for 6-10 days were cured. 17 patients with pyelonephritis received 500 mg every 12 h during 10-14 days and therapeutical success was achieved in 9 of them (52.94%). laboratory control was carried out at the initiation of therapy, at the end, and 1 month after therapy. tolerance to injections of cefazolin ...	1977	318980
assymetry of the myo-inositol transport system in klebsiella aerogenes. energy is necessary to create the assymetry of the transport system.	1. in klebsiella aerogenes the influx of myo-inositol proceeds during the steady state at a rate equal to that of efflux. 2. the kinetic parameters of influx during the steady state are similar to those observed at the initial time of uptake. 3. efflux and influx processes share the same transport system. 4. the ability of other cyclitols to chase the accumulated scyllo-inositol is dependent on their affinity for the transport system. 5. a counter transport can be observed in preloaded cells onl ...	1977	318995
myo-inositol transport in klebsiella aerogenes. scyllo-inositol, a non-metabolizable substrate for the study of the myo-inositol transport system.	1. scyllo-inositol is transported against a concentration gradient by klebsiella aerogenes, but is not metabolized. 2. the apparent kt of scyllo-inositol is 0.05 x 10(-3) m while that of myo-inositol is 0.23 x 10(-3) m. the v values are respectively 32 and 12 nmol min(-1) mg cells(-1) (dry weight). 3. both cyclitols bind to the same carrier, since typical competitive inhibition kinetics are observed. 4. neither phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase nor a periplasmic binding protein seems to be ...	1977	319004
significant bacteriuria among the mentally retarded. identification and antibiotic sensitivity of isolates.	a study was carried out to determine the prevalence of significant bacteriuria in a mentally retarded population. with 100,000 or more bacteria per ml. of urine used as a criterion for significant bacteriuria, 24 of 665 persons studied were considered to have significant bacteriuria for an overall prevalence rate of 3.6%. seventeen of the 24 positive urine cultures were either from clean catch or catheter specimens. all patients undergoing catheterization were found to have significant bacteriur ...	1977	319080
rapid automated disgnosis of bacteremia by impedance detection.	lysis and filtration of blood culture specimens were combined with impedance detection of bacterial growth to facilitate the diagnosis of bacteremia. a blood lysis-filtration technique (zierdt et al., 1976) was coupled to a simple, inexpensive automated detection system. the practical and technical aspects of the impedance detection system are discussed. this new blood culturing system was compared to a conventional system for 264 aerobic blood cultures. a 30-ml sample of the blood-broth mixture ...	1977	319110
multiple biotypes of klebsiella pneumoniae in single clinical specimens.	the occurence of multiple biotypes of klebsiella pneumoniae within single specimens was determined in 59 clinical specimens. biotyping was performed on five colonies of k. pneumoniae from each specimen, using the api 20e system (analytab, inc., new york) for identification of enterobacteriaceae with strict adherence to the manufacturer's instructions. multiple biotypes of k. pneumoniae were present in 31% (18) of the clinical specimens. twenty-eight colonies representative of specimens with sing ...	1977	319111
detection of haemophilus influenzae type b antigens in body fluids, using specific antibody-coated staphylococci.	protein a-rich staphylococci coated with haemophilus influenzae type b antiserum agglutinate specifically with homologous bacterial cells or with cell-free supernatant fluids of cultures of the organism. antibody-coated staphylococci were used to detect soluble antigens in body fluids of patients infected with h. influenzae type b. cerebrospinal fluid from 36 cases of meningitis caused by this orgainsm showed positive coagglutination tests in 86% of patients prior to initiation of therapy. antig ...	1977	319113
bacteriostasis of escherichia coli by milk. i. colonization of breast-fed infants by milk resistant organisms.	human milk has a bacteriostatic effect on escherichia coli in vitro. the milks of 40 mothers were tested for this effect against e. coli isolated from their stools, from those of their own babies, and from those of babies not breast-fed. the milks had a direct bacteriostatic effect, not dependent on complement, on some but not all the strains of e. coli. breast-fed babies receiving supplementary bottle feeds were colonized with milk-resistant strains, whereas bottle-fed babies and, surprisingly, ...	1977	319169
excystment of axenically prepared cysts of hartmanella culbertsoni.	axenically prepared cysts of hartmannella culbertsoni readily excysted in the presence of heat stable factors prepared from escherichia coli, klebsiella aerogenes, staphylococcus aureus, sarcina lutea, bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium and several fungi. peptone, proteose peptone, tryptone or amino acids also promoted excystment. crowding of the cysts and dilution of bacterial extracts adversely affected the excystment. continual presence of the factors in the medium was essential for excys ...	1977	319194
taxonomy of the genus serratia.	one hundred and fifty-six strains of serratia and related bacteria including representatives of enterobacter liquefaciens, enterobacter cloacae, enterobacter aerogenes, erwinia carotovora, erwinia chrysanthemi, erwinia herbicola and erwinia nimipressuralis were studied using 223 morphological, physiological, biochemical and carbon source utilization tests. the results were subjected to computer analysis. at the 80% similarity level all strains, except two, grouped into eight phenons representing ...	1977	319202
necrotizing fasciitis: a persistent surgical problem.	necrotizing fasciitis is a rare but specific clinical entity which, if not diagnosed early and treated aggressively, is rapidly fatal. the disease was first described during the civil war and continues to be associated with a 50% mortality. the infectious process is diagnosed by the presence of a widespread fascial necrosis with extensive undermining of the adjacent tissues. the initial mechanism of injury as well as the location and etiologic agent of the suppurative fasciitis may vary. a revie ...	1977	319280
neonatal sepsis at the johns hopkins hospital, 1969-1975: bacterial isolates and clinical correlates.	the experience with neonatal sepsis at the johns hopkins hospital during 1969-1975 was reviewed. major pathogens included escherichia coli, group b streptococcus, other streptococci, and klebsiella. nineteen percent of coliform isolates were kanamycin-resistant. the frequency of recovery of e. coli was increased in early-onset sepsis, and the frequency of recovery of klebsiella was increased in late-onset sepsis. the mortality rate was 23%. the frequency of recovery of e. coli was increased in f ...	1977	319288
studies on a naturally occurring r factor harbouring a chromosomal nutritional marker.	a naturally occurring r factor which carried resistance determinants to tetracycline and chloramphenicol as well as a marker for lactose fermentation was found in a strain of klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from sewage. the tccmlac+ factor was transferred by conjugation to e. coli k12. it showed no recombination or stable coexistence with r factors of the fi- class. studies in recombination-deficient (rec-) strains of e. coli k12 showed that the tccmlac+ factor is an autonomously replicating plas ...	1977	319539
isolation of an organism associated with klebsiella pneumoniae.		1977	319592
oxolinic acid therapy for urinary tract infections in children.	thirty hospitalized children with gram-negative bacillary urinary tract infections were treated with oxolinic acid for 14 to 21 dyas. fifteen of 17 patients with uncomplicated and 11 of 13 with complicated urinary infections had favorable bacteriologic responses. resistant organisms developed in four treatment failures. oxolinic acid urine concentrations were well above the minimal inhibitory concentration for most strains of escherichia coli, klebsiella, enterobacter, proteus mirabilis, p vulga ...	1977	319651
lysis if enterobacteria by cefoxitin, cefuroxime, and cephalothin.	cefoxitin, cefuroxime, and cephalothin were added to dense populations of beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteria, and the subsequent turbidity changes were monitored continuously. viable counts and antibiotic assays were made at intervals after the addition of antibiotic, and the morphological appearances of the organisms were observed. cephalothin caused lysis of most of the organisms tested, but even at high concentrations, after a few hours the antibiotic was destroyed and the organisms reco ...	1977	319751
cefoxitin activity against multiply antibiotic-resistance klebsiella pneumoniae in vitro.	due to the emergence of cephalothin- and gentamicin-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae at this institution, we investigated the in vitro activity of two new cephalosporin compounds-cefoxitin and cefamandole. whereas both drugs were active against cephalothin- and gentamicin-susceptible isolates of klebsiella, only cefoxitin exhibited significant activity against cephalothin- and gentamicin-resistant isolates. seventeen of 20 (85%) of the cephalothin- and gentamicin-resistant isolates were inhibited ...	1977	319753
coliforms from hides and meat.	coliform tests were performed on 85 hide and 75 meat samples. imvic reactions were determined on isolates from positive confirmed and fecal tests, and strains other than escherichia coli were identified. strains typed as aerobacter aerogenes types i and ii were identified as enterobacter cloacae (51.4%), klebsiella pneumoniae (21.5%), enterobacter aerogenes (15%), and enterobacter liquefaciens, serratia, and unidentified coliforms (12.1%). k. pneumoniae appeared to be responsible for less than 1 ...	1977	319754
[cyclodextrin glucanotransferase from klebsiella pneumoniae. 1. formation, purification and properties of the enzyme from klebsiella pneumoniae m 5 al (author's transl)].	1. the strain m 5 al of klebsiella pneumoniae grows excellently with starches. we were able to show that besides the pullulanase associated with the external membrane of the cells the bacterium produces an inducible, extracellular cyclodextrin glucanotransferase [1,4-alpha-d-glucan-4-alpha-(1,4-alpha-glucano)-transferase (cyclising) (ec 2.4.1.19)]. potato starch and cyclohexaamylose or cycloheptaamylose were found to be the best "inducing" carbon sources for the synthesis of the enzyme. when the ...	1977	319771
rhinoscleroma.	rhinoscleroma may present a diagnostic problem when encountered outside endemic region. two young men from gaza with tumor-like masses of scleroma in the nasal cavities and the nasopharynx are described. histological examination of biopsy material from the nasal lesions showed pathognomonic mikulicz cells, and cultures grew klebsiella rhinoscleromatis. both patients responded well to antibiotic treatment.	1977	320160
studies on the mechanism of the adenosylcobalamin-dependent diol dehydrase reaction by the use of analogs of the coenzyme.	a series of 16 analogs of 5'-deoxy-5'-adenosylcobalamin (adenosylcobalamin) were examined for their effects on the diol dehydrase system of klebsiella pneumoniae (aerobacter aerogenes). four analogs, ara-adenosyl-, aristeromycyl-, 3-isoadenosyl-, and nebularylcobalamin, were able to function as coenzymes in the diol dehydrase reaction, coenzyme activity decreasing in that order. like the native holoenzyme, complexes of the enzyme with these four analogs show a cob(ii)alamin-like absorption peak ...	1977	320203
complementary use of aesculin hydrolysis and inositol fermentation in the characterisation of klebsielleae.	rates of aesculin hydrolysis and inositol fermentation adequately differentiate klebsielleae from other enterobacteriaceae. in combination with tests for motility and growth in potassium cyanide medium, presumptive differentiation between klebsielleae, and confirmation of klebsiella pneumoniae, is obtained.	1977	320229
infectious pneumonias: a review.	diplococcus pneumoniae remains the most frequent cause of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. other frequently isolated bacterial pathogens are hemophilus influenzae, klebsiella organisms, and staphylococcus aureus. the etiologic agents most commonly implicated in hopsital-acquired pneumonias are gram-negative bacilli including e. coli, proteus organisms, and species of klebsiella-enterobacter, pseudomonas, and serratia. among older children and young-adults, myocoplasma pneumoniae is a comm ...	1977	320285
sepsis and congenital asplenia.	fifty-nine children with congenital asplenia were reviewed for episodes of severe infection. seven children had isolated asplenia and 52 had asplenia associated with complex congenital heart disease (asplenia syndrome). a control group of eusplenic children with comparable cardiac lesions were assembled and used for comparative statistical analysis. there were 16 instances of documented sepsis among 59 children (27%). in those less than six months of age, the invading organism was usually gram-n ...	1977	320299
the emergence of gentamicin-resistant klebsiellae in a large general hospital.	between march and december, 1975, an outbreak of infection with gentamicin-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae (klebsiella (gmr)) occurred at the royal melbourne hospital. the klebsiellae were considered to be causing significant infection in 24 of 42 patients harbouring the microorganism. commonest culture sources were urine and sputum, all but one of the significant urinary infections being associated with indwelling bladder catheters. antibiotic therapy had been given to 40 patients before the is ...	1977	320432
[comparison of the antibacterial efficacy of doxycycline and tetracycline (author's transl)].	in order to explain the mechanism of resistance within the tetracycline group, the minimal inhibitory concentration of tetracycline hcl was compared with that of doxycycline in the micro dilution test for bacterial collectives of 48 strains each from the groups of gram-negative and gram-positive cocci, resp. there was no significant difference between the inhibitory effect of doxycycline and tetracycline hcl for the bacterial collectives of e. coli, klebsiella, proteus and staphylococcus aureus ...	1977	320436
successful granulocyte transfusion therapy for gram-negative septicemia. a prospectively randomized controlled study.	we prospectively randomized 27 granulocytopenic patients who experienced a total of 30 episodes of gram-negative septicemia. the control group received an appropriate antibiotic regimen alone, whereas the "transfusion" group received infusions of granulocytes in addition to the antibiotics. five of 14 controls survived, and 12 of 16 in the transfusion group survived, and 12 of 16 in the transfusion group survived (p less than 0.04). an important factor in the outcome of treatment was the recover ...	1977	320476
prophylactic efficacy of nitrofurantoin macrocrystals and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in urinary infections. biologic effects on the vaginal and rectal flora.	we examined bacterial persistence and resistance in the vaginal and fecal flora of 28 women who received a total of 253 months of daily low-dosage prophylaxis with nitrofurantoin macrocystals (100 mg per day) or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (40 and 200 mg respectively). during trimethoprim-sulfamehtoxazole prophylaxis, 8.5% of monthly vaginal and 27% of monthly fecal cultures grew escherichia coli, as compared to 36 and 96%, respectively for nitrofurantoin macrocrystals. esch. coli resistant to ...	1977	320482
short-term versus continuous antimicrobial therapy for asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy.	asymptomatic bacteriuria was identified in 300 pregnant women prior to the 28th week of gestation. in one group of 200 women short-term treatment with either nitrofurantoin or sulfamethizole was given for 14 days, and in another group of 100 women continuous therapy with one of these drugs was given for the remainder of gestation. weekly urine cultures were obtained from all the women. of the women treated with short-term therapy, 65% were abacteriuric for the remainder of pregnancy following on ...	1977	320525
ampicillin and pivampicillin in the treatment of urinary tract infection in children.	16 children, aged 1-10 years, suffering from urinary tract infection were randomly divided into two groups. ten children were treated with ampicillin pediatric suspension in a dose of 100 mg ampicillin/kg/24 hours divided in 4 doses, and 6 children with pivampicillin base pediatric suspension in a dose of 64.8 mg/kg/24 hours divided in 4 doses (approximately 50 mg ampicillin/kg). the treatment period was 14 days with all infections being cured. despite the fact that pivampicillin was administere ...	1977	320654
ubiquity of r factor-mediated antibiotic resistance in the healthy population.	an attempt was made to assess the occurrence of r factor-mediated antibiotic resistance in the healthy population. samples of aerobic, gram-negative intestinal bacteria from men from various parts of the country at military conscription were analysed for transferable drug resistance. the obtained frequency, about 15% of r factor carriers in the studied group, was interpreted to reflect the existence of a reservoir of r factors, from which resistant, pathogenic bacteria could be selected under an ...	1977	320655