Publications

in vitro activity of antimicrobial agents against acinetobacter calcoaceticus.	the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of several new microbial agents against 96 acinetobacter calcoaceticus isolates. among several new beta-lactams, imipenem, a new, broad-spectrum, highly potent penem, was the most active drug in vitro against these strains, with a geometric mean mic of about 0.3 mg/l. ceftazidime and ceftizoxime also demonstrated good in vitro activity with geometric mean mics of 6 mg/l and 7 mg/l respectively. among new quinolones, ciprofloxacin, oflox ...	1986	3471431
influence of the catbce sequence on the phenotypic reversion of a pcae mutation in acinetobacter calcoaceticus.	isofunctional beta-ketoadipate:succinyl coenzyme a transferases i and ii are encoded by the pcae and cate genes, respectively, of acinetobacter calcoaceticus. the genes are under separate transcriptional control and genetically unlinked. mutations in the pcae gene result in a p-hydroxybenzoate-negative (pob-) phenotype, whereas cate mutations cause a benzoate-negative (ben-) phenotype. a. calcoaceticus adp125 carries the pcae3125 mutation and gave rise to pob+ revertants with a frequency of 10(- ...	1987	3474227
in vitro and in vivo activity of ny-198, a new difluorinated quinolone.	ny-198 [1-ethyl-6,8-difluoro-1,4-dihydro-7-(3-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-4-oxo-3- quinolinecarboxylic acid hydrochloride] is a new difluorinated quinolone characterized by the presence of a c-methyl group at the 3 position of the piperazine moiety. it has a broad antibacterial spectrum. the in vitro antibacterial activity of ny-198 was almost the same as those of ofloxacin and norfloxacin, but far exceeded that of pipemidic acid. ny-198 was more active than norfloxacin against pseudomonas maltophilia ...	1987	3476021
hospital acquired native valve endocarditis caused by acinetobacter calcoaceticus and treated with imipenem/cilastin.	a case of hospital acquired endocarditis due to acinetobacter calcoaceticus in a severely burned patient is presented. both aortic and mitral native valves were affected and the organism was resistant to most antimicrobial agents.	1987	3479562
isolation and characterization of a prokaryotic sulfurtransferase.	a sulfurtransferase has been purified to apparent homogeneity from the prokaryote acinetobacter calcoaceticus lwoffi by conventional protein fractionation techniques. steady-state kinetic studies of the enzyme revealed that its formal mechanism varies with the acceptor substrate employed. with inorganic thiosulfate as the sulfane sulfur-donor substrate and cyanide anion as the acceptor, the enzyme was shown to catalyze the reaction by a double displacement mechanism like that of mammalian rhodan ...	1987	3480285
leucine aminopeptidase in intracytoplasmic membranes of acinetobacter calcoaceticus.	cells of acinetobacter calcoaceticus strain 69-v contain an aminopeptidase that cleaves l-leucine amide, leucylglycine or leucine hydrazide with high efficiency. leucine 4-nitroanilide and hydrazide are hydrolyzed to less than 0.1% and 1%, resp. of leucine amide. grown on acetate-nh4+ medium the activity of the enzyme in the cytoplasm is increased 5-fold compared with cells grown on a casamino acid medium or on yeast extract. in these cases the specific activity of the unpurified enzyme is about ...	1987	3503925
[cell envelope-bound proteinase activities of acinetobacter calcoaceticus].	acinetobacter calcoaceticus contains proteolytic activity after growth on various culture media. the enzyme activity could be found in the cytosolic fraction as well as in the cell envelopes (also containing the intracytoplasmic membranes). the highest proteolytic activity could be detected during the transition from the logarithmic growth phase to the stationary phase and in the early stationary phase, respectively. in the culture medium proteolytic activity was only evident in the later statio ...	1986	3518708
[acinetobacter calcoaceticus strain with a wide spectrum of utilizing aromatic compounds and carrying a plasmid for resorcin degradation].	a bacterial strain was isolated from soil and identified as acinetobacter calcoaceticus var. lwoffii. the strain can utilize a wide spectrum of aromatic compounds. it carries a transmissive plasmid pbsw13 which determines resorcin utilization via the ortho pathway including the following steps: resorcin-hydroxyhydroquinone-maleylacetate-beta-ketoadipi c acid. the plasmid has been transferred by conjugation into the recipient strains of a. calcoaceticus 5734 ccm rifr, escherichia coli j-53 met-pr ...	1986	3523168
an infant with simultaneous beta-lactamase-positive haemophilus influenzae meningitis and beta-lactamase-negative h. influenzae septicemia, escherichia coli pyelonephritis and herpes encephalitis.	we describe an infant with meningitis and septicemia due to infection with two different strains of haemophilus influenzae, with a urinary tract infection due to escherichia coli and in whom herpes virus encephalitis was diagnosed within three days. acinetobacter calcoaceticus septicemia developed three weeks later. no immunological deficiency could be demonstrated in the patient who recovered finally, albeit with sequelae due to encephalitis.	1986	3524107
cloning and expression of the acinetobacter calcoaceticus mutarotase gene in escherichia coli.	this article describes the cloning of the mutarotase gene from acinetobacter calcoaceticus and its expression in escherichia coli. purification of mutarotase (ec 5.1.3.3) led to a single polypeptide of 40 kilodaltons. the sequences of 27 n-terminal and 76 c-terminal amino acids were determined. from six amino acids of the n-terminal and seven amino acids of the c-terminal portion of the protein, the sequences of two oligonucleotides were deduced. these were synthesized and used as gene probes. c ...	1986	3531172
[in vitro study of the pefloxacine-ceftriaxone combination against 18 strains of acinetobacter].	the bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity of the pefloxacin-ceftriaxone combination was studied in mueller-hinton broth against 18 clinical strains of acinetobacter calcoaceticus var. anitratum by the checkerboard technique. the bactericidal activity was tested after 2, 4, 6 and 24 hours contact. mics were 0.12 to 4 mg/l for pefloxacin and 2 to 64 mg/l for ceftriaxone. the bacteriostatic interaction of the antibiotics was synergistic for 5 strains (fic index = 0.375 to 0.5) and additive for 1 ...	1986	3534716
[comparative activity in vitro of ceftizoxime, ceftazidime and imipenem against acinetobacter calcoaceticus].	acinetobacter calcoaceticus, a nosocomial pathogenic agent, is isolated with increasing frequency from hospitalized patients. acinetobacter is one of the most resistant pathogens to currently available antibiotics, particularly beta-lactam antibiotics. beta-lactamases (tem penicillinase and cephalosporinase) and problems of permeability are the most frequent mechanisms of resistance. the authors compared the in vitro activity of ceftizoxim, ceftazidim and imipenem against 82 clinical isolates of ...	1986	3534756
cloning and expression of acinetobacter calcoaceticus catechol 1,2-dioxygenase structural gene cata in escherichia coli.	catechol 1,2-dioxygenase (ec 1.13.1.1), the product of the cata gene, catalyzes the first step in catechol utilization via the beta-ketoadipate pathway. enzymes mediating subsequent steps in the pathway are encoded by the catbcde genes which are carried on a 5-kilobase-pair (kbp) ecori restriction fragment isolated from acinetobacter calcoaceticus. this dna was used as a probe to identify escherichia coli colonies carrying recombinant puc19 plasmids with overlapping sequences. repetition of the ...	1986	3536862
cloning of the genes involved in synthesis of coenzyme pyrrolo-quinoline-quinone from acinetobacter calcoaceticus.	mutants of acinetobacter calcoaceticus lmd79.41 were isolated that are defective in the synthesis of the coenzyme pyrrolo-quinoline-quinone (pqq). a gene bank of the wild-type. a. calcoaceticus genome was constructed with the binary plasmid system plv21-rp4 delta km. the dna of a. calcoaceticus lmd79.41 was partially digested with sau3a, and fragments of about 15 kilobases were inserted into the bamhi site of plv21. the hybrid plasmids maintained in escherichia coli were transferred by conjugati ...	1987	3539922
comparative activity of imipenem, ceftazidime and cefotaxime against acinetobacter calcoaceticus.	imipenem was the most active drug against acinetobacter, even against strains possessing beta-lactamases. mics of imipenem for 50% and 90% of the a. calcoaceticus (var. anitratum) were 0.28 and 0.61 mg/l respectively whereas for ceftazidime they were 4.4 and 10.0, and for cefotaxime, 7.9 and 22.2 mg/l. no change occurred in the in-vitro activity of imipenem against acinetobacter, during the period 1980-1985. geometric mean mics in 1985 were 0.33 mg/l for a. calcoaceticus var. anitratum; the valu ...	1986	3546246
postantibiotic effect of imipenem on gram-positive and gram-negative micro-organisms.	the bactericidal effect (be) of an antibiotic reduces the infective population, and its postantibiotic effect (pae) assures a persistent inhibition of bacterial cells after a short exposure to the antimicrobial agent. both effects prevent the early regrowth of the infecting organisms when the antibiotic tissue levels decrease to below the mic value. the be and the pae of imipenem, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, piperacillin, gentamicin and ampicillin on escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterob ...	1986	3546247
evaluation of enzyme immunoassay (chlamydiazyme) for detecting chlamydia trachomatis in genital tract specimens.	an enzyme immunoassay (chlamydiazyme) for detecting chlamydia trachomatis was evaluated on genital specimens from 96 men and 272 women attending a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases (std clinic). compared with a direct immunofluorescence test for chlamydial elementary bodies, the enzyme immunoassay had a sensitivity of 58% on specimens from men, a specificity of 90%, a positive predictive value of 93%, and a negative predictive value of 88%; the assay had a sensitivity of 67% on specimens ...	1987	3546397
the epidemiology of acinetobacter calcoaceticus: biotype and resistance-pattern of 328 strains consecutively isolated from clinical specimens.	328 clinical isolates of acinetobacter calcoaceticus from hospitalized patients and persons attending general practitioners were characterized according to biotype and resistance-pattern. 117 strains of biotype (b.) anitratus, 200 of b.lwoffi, 11 of b. haemolyticus and no strains of b. alcaligenes were found. b. anitratus was more frequently isolated from patients in hospitals than b.lwoffi; b.lwoffi was more often found in general practice. strains of b. anitratus had more resistance traits tha ...	1987	3565019
reconstitution of emulsifying activity of acinetobacter calcoaceticus bd4 emulsan by using pure polysaccharide and protein.	acinetobacter calcoaceticus bd4 and bd413 produce extracellular emulsifying agents when grown on 2% ethanol medium. for emulsifying activity, both polysaccharide and protein fractions were required, as demonstrated by selective digestion of the polysaccharide with a specific bacteriophage-borne polysaccharide depolymerase, deproteinization of the extracellular emulsifying complex with hot phenol, and reconstitution of emulsifier activity with pure polysaccharide and a polysaccharide-free protein ...	1987	3566271
[kinetics of membrane-bound aldehyde dehydrogenase from acinetobacter calcoaceticus].	in recent investigations we were able to demonstrate that the nadp-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase of acinetobacter calcoaceticus is an inducible enzyme localized in intracytoplasmic membranes limiting alkane inclusions. long-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons and alkanols are inducers of the enzyme. it was purified by us and now kinetically characterized using the enzyme-micelle form, which contains bacterial phospholipids and a detergent (sodium cholate), too. the ph optimum of aldehyde dehydrogena ...	1987	3566912
defensins mediate the microbicidal activity of human neutrophil granule extract against acinetobacter calcoaceticus.	an acid extract of human neutrophil granules was fractionated on a sephadex g-100 column and tested for microbicidal activity against acinetobacter calcoaceticus ho-1 as described previously (m.c. modrzakowski and c. m. paranavitana, infect. immun. 32:668-674, 1981). the low-molecular-weight protein fraction, peak d, accounted for about 30% of the protein and nearly all of the activity of the crude extract against strain ho-1. peak d protein proved to be a mixture of the three human defensin pep ...	1987	3570467
ultracytochemical localization of aldehyde dehydrogenase in acinetobacter calcoaceticus.	a membrane-bound aldehyde dehydrogenase is induced in acinetobacter calcoaceticus grown on aliphatic hydrocarbons as sole carbon source. this enzyme is nadp-dependent and is able to oxidize medium- and long-chain aliphatic aldehydes to their corresponding fatty acids. electron micrographs of sectioned alkane-adapted bacteria showed hydrocarbon inclusions in the cytoplasmic matrix. the cytochemical phenazine methosulphate-tetranitro tetrazolium blue capture reaction allowed to localize the activi ...	1986	3572743
uv-inducible dna repair in acinetobacter calcoaceticus.	bacterial mutation frequency after uv irradiation and phage mutation frequency under conditions of w-reactivation were determined in a. calcoaceticus. with the exception of streptomycin resistance, there was no increase in the frequency of the assayed markers above the background level. the increased survival of phage during w-reactivation was not followed by an increase in the frequency of mutation from turbid to clear plaque formers among phage survivors. the findings suggested that the uv-ind ...	1987	3574328
prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by acinetobacter calcoaceticus subsp. lwoffi.	acinetobacter spp. are uncommon etiologic agents of prosthetic valve endocarditis. two patients with acinetobacter calcoaceticus subsp. lwoffi prosthetic valve endocarditis are described. the patients were successfully treated with antibiotics (cefotaxime sodium and gentamicin sulfate); thus, we suggest medical treatment rather than early valve replacement in this particular type of infection.	1987	3584434
effect of oxygen limitation on the content of n-hexadecane-inducible cytochrome p-450 in acinetobacter calcoaceticus strain eb 104.	the content of cytochrome p-450 as a function of oxygen supply was studied during growth of acinetobacter on n-hexadecane in batch cultures at constant ph and agitation. the rate of growth and the content of cytochrome p-450 were not affected as long as the dissolved oxygen tension ranged above 3 to 5% of saturation. the amount of cytochrome p-450 increased when the oxygen tension declined to zero. cytochrome p-450 levels of about 0.3 to 0.4 nmol/mg protein, i.e. a more than a threefold increase ...	1986	3585713
cell envelope protein profiles of acinetobacter calcoaceticus strains isolated in hospitals.	the cell envelope protein patterns of 78 strains of acinetobacter calcoaceticus, mainly isolated in hospitals, were analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). the patterns were stable and reproducible. comparison of the protein profiles made possible differentiation between two groups of strains. the patterns of the first group could be classified on the basis of concordance. some profiles appeared to be associated with the epidemiological origin of the st ...	1987	3585964
a simple spectrophotometric assay for arogenate dehydratase.	a simple spectrophotometric assay for arogenate dehydratase, the enzyme that catalyzes the formation of l-phenylalanine from l-arogenate, is presented. the method couples the arogenate dehydratase reaction with that of an aromatic aminotransferase partially purified from acinetobacter calcoaceticus. in the presence of 2-ketoglutarate, phenylpyruvate formation is measured at 320 nm at basic ph. the method was compared with two other methods already in use in our laboratory for arogenate dehydrata ...	1987	3619011
chronic acinetobacter calcoaceticus var anitratus pneumonia.	gram-negative bacteria most often affect the lung in an acute, suppurative process; however, these organisms may also produce chronic pneumonia. acinetobacter calcoaceticus has not been reported previously as a cause of chronic pneumonia. we present a patient with fatal, chronic community-acquired acinetobacter pneumonia with chest wall invasion at autopsy.	1987	3631123
acinetobacter calcoaceticus infection following a dog bite.	a frequent complication of dog bite wounds is bacterial infection. the choice of antibiotics is based upon the most likely organisms. failure to achieve wound healing suggests that an uncommon organism(s) is present and should lead the clinician to culture the wound. a case of acinetobacter calcoaceticus infection following a dog bite is described.	1987	3668199
drag reduction by acinetobacter calcoaceticus bd4.	the encapsulated bacterium acinetobacter calcoaceticus bd4 at a density of 3.6 x 10(9) cells per ml reduced the friction of turbulent water in a narrow pipe by 55%. this drag reduction was due to the tightly bound polysaccharide capsules (0.4 mg per ml) of culture. capsule-deficient mutants of bd4 failed to reduce drag. the cell-bound polysaccharide demonstrated a threefold-higher drag-reducing activity than the polymer which was free in solution.	1987	3674875
isolation and identification of a rhamnosyl-rhamnosyl-3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid trisaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of acinetobacter calcoaceticus (10303 ntcc london).		1987	3690574
evolved aniline catabolism in acinetobacter calcoaceticus during continuous culture of river water.	adaptation of acinetobacter calcoaceticus from river water to aniline depends on the dynamics of parent and mutant populations. the parent, acinetobacter strain don26 phenotype ani0, was common in river water and assimilated aniline effectively at micromolar concentrations, but was inhibited at higher concentrations of aniline. the ani0 phenotype was also characterized by a broad specificity for oxidation of chloroanilines by aniline-induced cells. the mutant ani+ phenotype was represented by do ...	1986	3707123
[temperature dependence of membrane-bound aldehyde dehydrogenase from acinetobacter: effect of solubilization and chain length of the substrates].	the nadp+-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase of intracytoplasmic membranes of acinetobacter calcoaceticus shows a characteristic behaviour of its reaction velocities in dependence on temperature. the calculated "real" activation energies depend on the increasing chain-length of the homologous aldehydes and grow appropriate to the membrane-bound and to the micellar form of the enzyme with 6.2 and 7.3 kj/mole ch2-group, respectively. the values of the activation energy of the membrane-bound enzyme a ...	1986	3707551
acinetobacter calcoaceticus in three cases of late abortion in water buffaloes.		1986	3716168
variation in composition and yield of exopolysaccharides produced by klebsiella sp. strain k32 and acinetobacter calcoaceticus bd4.	the exopolysaccharides produced by klebsiella sp. strain k32 and acinetobacter calcoaceticus bd4 under different growth conditions have been analyzed for sugar composition. the first use of ion chromatography for the quantitative determination of microbial exopolysaccharide composition is reported. klebsiella sp. strain k32 produced a polymer composed of rhamnose, galactose, and mannose early in its fermentation. the composition of the polymer varied markedly depending on the growth stage of the ...	1986	3729401
emulsifier formation with acinetobacter: search for an excretion-reduced mutant of acinetobacter calcoaceticus 69-v.	after growth on acetate three groups of acinetobacter strains could be identified with respect to the excretion of a bioemulsifier. mutants of a. calcoaceticus 69-v were selected which produced reduced amounts of emulsifier.	1986	3746629
[aerobic treatment of pig slurry: microbial aspects].	during the treatment of raw pig slurry by batch aerobic fermentation, the presence of surfaces for bacterial attachment resulted in a 1,000-fold increase in the microbial population. in the absence of such surfaces, a 65% reduction of the chemical oxygen demand (cod) of the manure was obtained after 168 h of aeration, whereas a value of 90% was observed in their presence. in the early stages of the treatment, during which the redox potential passed from a value characteristic of anaerobic condit ...	1986	3768808
[diffuse growth of strains of acinetobacter calcoaceticus on blood agar and their motility digging appearance on soft-agar medium].		1986	3773266
pathogenic significance of acinetobacter calcoaceticus: analysis of experimental infection in mice.	the phenomenon that mixed infection with certain species of bacteria and acinetobacter calcoaceticus is more virulent than single infection was analyzed experimentally. in mixed infections with a. calcoaceticus paired with either escherichia coli, serratia marcescens, or pseudomonas aeruginosa, the virulence of the latter three organisms was markedly increased over that of single infections only by slime-producing strains of a. calcoaceticus. of the 100 strains of a. calcoaceticus tested, 14 had ...	1986	3773789
plasmid rp1-mediated susceptibility of acinetobacter calcoaceticus to rat polymorphonuclear leukocyte granule contents.	the resistance plasmid rp1 was transferred by conjugation to a plasmidless strain of acinetobacter calcoaceticus. acquisition and expression of rp1 by a. calcoaceticus ho1-n was associated with an increase in sensitivity to the antimicrobial activity of extracted contents from rat polymorphonuclear leukocyte granules. plasmid rp1-associated antibiotic resistance and sensitivity to granule contents were cured by exposure to acridine orange. assays with granule extract fractions separated by fast ...	1986	3781624
benzoate and muconate, structurally dissimilar metabolites, induce expression of cata in acinetobacter calcoaceticus.	biosynthetic regulation of cata, the gene encoding catechol 1,2-dioxygenase (ec 1.13.1.1), was studied in an acinetobacter calcoaceticus mutant strain unable to metabolize benzoate. benzoate and muconate independently induced the enzyme. in glucose-grown cells, benzoate yielded higher enzyme levels than did muconate, whereas muconate was the more effective inducer in succinate-grown cells.	1987	3793718
prophage induction by ultraviolet light in acinetobacter calcoaceticus.	uv-induction of prophage p78 of acinetobacter calcoaceticus increased with the uv-dose given to the lysogenic strain from the spontaneous induction frequency of about 0.8% to a maximal frequency of 10%. this 10- to 20-fold increase of induction frequency, as measured by the number of infective centres, was accompanied by a 1000-fold increase in the yield of free phage. this effect was probably due to an increase in burst size under the conditions of lysogenic induction. unusually, the lysogen wa ...	1986	3794658
isolation of acinetobacter calcoaceticus from cows with metritis.		1986	3799102
in vitro susceptibility of acinetobacter species to various antimicrobial agents.	the in vitro activity of 18 antimicrobial agents against 40 clinical isolates each of acinetobacter calcoaceticus subsp. anitratum and acinetobacter lwoffi was studied. most of the newer 4-quinolone derivatives were extremely active against these organisms. newer beta-lactam agents, such as cefpirome, bmy 28142, and brl 36650, were also extremely active, inhibiting all strains at clinically achievable levels. most agents were two- to fourfold more active against a. lwoffi.	1986	3800353
purification and characterization of quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase from acinetobacter calcoaceticus l.m.d. 79.41.	quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.99.17) from acinetobacter calcoaceticus l.m.d. 79.41 was purified to homogeneity. it is a basic protein with an isoelectric point of 9.5 and an mr of 94,000. denaturation yields two molecules of pqq/molecule and a protein with an mr of 48000, indicating that the enzyme consists of two subunits, which are probably identical because even numbers of aromatic amino acids were found. the oxidized enzyme form has an absorption maximum at 350 nm, and the reduc ...	1986	3800975
dienelactone hydrolase from pseudomonas sp. strain b13.	dienelactone hydrolase (ec 3.1.1.45) catalyzes the conversion of cis- or trans-4-carboxymethylenebut-2-en-4-olide (dienelactone) to maleylacetate. an approximately 24-fold purification from extracts of 3-chlorobenzoate-grown pseudomonas sp. strain b13 yielded a homogeneous preparation of the enzyme. the purified enzyme crystallized readily and proved to be a monomer with a molecular weight of about 30,000. each dienelactone hydrolase molecule contains two cysteinyl side chains. one of these was ...	1987	3804973
alcohol oxidation by acinetobacter calcoaceticus eb 104--a n-alkane-utilizing and cytochrome p-450-producing strain.	a soluble, nadp+-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) with a ph optimum at 8.7 was found in a. calcoaceticus eb 104 after growth on different carbon sources. n-alkanols with short and medium chain length were employed as test substrates. the km values decreased with increasing chain length. the vmax values remained nearly unchanged. the activities determined were independent of the carbon source. furthermore, a n-alkanol-dependent reduction of dcpip was measured in membrane fractions of cells g ...	1986	3806370
studies on the chemical structure of the core-lipid a region of the lipopolysaccharide of acinetobacter calcoaceticus nctc 10305. detection of a new 2-octulosonic acid interlinking the core oligosaccharide and lipid a component.	lipopolysaccharide of acinetobacter calcoaceticus nctc 10305 was treated with acid (0.1 m hcl, 100 degrees c, 1 h). the product obtained (lpsdegr) was subjected to various modification and degradation procedures including reduction, hydrazinolysis and strong acid hydrolysis. methylation analysis of purified part structures revealed the presence of a 4'-phosphorylated (beta 1'-6)-linked d-glucosamine disaccharide (lipid a backbone), which carried in position 6' a hitherto unknown 2-octulosonic ac ...	1987	3830168
exocellular esterase and emulsan release from the cell surface of acinetobacter calcoaceticus.	an esterase activity has been found, both in the cell-free growth medium and on the cell surface of the hydrocarbon-degrading acinetobacter calcoaceticus rag-1. the enzyme catalyzed the hydrolysis of acetyl and other acyl groups from triglycerides and aryl and alkyl esters. emulsan, the extracellular heteropolysaccharide bioemulsifier produced by strain rag-1, was also a substrate for the enzyme. gel filtration showed that the cell-free enzyme was released from the cell surface either emulsan fr ...	1985	3838301
tolerance of acinetobacter calcoaceticus rag-1 to the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide: role of the bioemulsifier emulsan.	emulsan, the polyanionic heteropolysaccharide bioemulsifier produced by acinetobacter calcoaceticus rag-1, was found to enhance the tolerance of rag-1 cells to the toxic effects of the cationic detergent cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (ctab). emulsan-mediated tolerance was obtained with the purified deproteinated apoemulsan; ca. 9 micrograms of apoemulsan neutralized 1 microgram of ctab. deesterified apoemulsan was only half as effective in protecting the cells from ctab toxicity. tolerance was ...	1985	3838426
evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility testing by agar dilution and the micro media system (fox panel).	the susceptibilities of 350 gram-positive cocci and 638 gram-negative bacilli to various antimicrobial agents were compared by using the micro-media system (mms) (fox panel) (micro-media systems, inc., potomac, md.) and a standard agar dilution procedure. major discrepancies occurred with enterococci, among which 48 of 53 isolates (91%) were found to be resistant to penicillin g by agar dilution and reported as susceptible by the mms. other large discrepancies occurred with staphylococcus aureus ...	1985	3850093
plasmid transfer and behaviour in acinetobacter calcoaceticus ebf65/65.	at least one plasmid from each of the incompatibility groups b, c, fiv, h2/s, i alpha, i delta, p, w and x was shown to be capable of transfer from escherichia coli k12 to acinetobacter calcoaceticus ebf65/65. transfer was influenced by the presence of pav2 (thought to encode a restriction-modification system) in the recipient strain; however, not all plasmids belonging to a particular incompatibility group behaved identically. all plasmids were unstable to varying degrees in a. calcoaceticus eb ...	1985	3851820
aztreonam in the treatment of serious orthopedic infections.	aztreozam was evaluated in the treatment of a variety of orthopedic infections. included were 17 patients with osteomyelitis, three with purulent arthropathy with prostheses, and 16 with superficial infections secondary to trauma or surgical procedure. pathogens were gram-negative bacilli sensitive to aztreonam. concomitant antibiotics were administered for gram-positive cocci that were present initially or by superinfection. infecting organisms included pseudomonas aeruginosa (minimal inhibitor ...	1985	3881949
membrane-bound lactate dehydrogenases and mandelate dehydrogenases of acinetobacter calcoaceticus. location and regulation of expression.	acinetobacter calcoaceticus possesses an l(+)-lactate dehydrogenase and a d(-)-lactate dehydrogenase. results of experiments in which enzyme activities were measured after growth of bacteria in different media indicated that the two enzymes were co-ordinately induced by either enantiomer of lactate but not by pyruvate, and repressed by succinate or l-glutamate. the two lactate dehydrogenases have very similar properties to l(+)-mandelate dehydrogenase and d(-)-mandelate dehydrogenase. all four e ...	1985	3890833
[lack of specificity of protected distal bronchial samples in the bacteriological diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia caused by gram negative bacilli].	lower respiratory tract secretions (lrs) were sampled during a two year period in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation using a method previously described by matthew et al. only those lrs positive for gram-negative bacilli were reported in this study. the patients were separated in two groups: those with nosocomial pneumonia due to gram-negative bacilli (np+ group) and those without (np- group). the species most often isolated from lrs were: pseudomonas aeruginosa (25%), proteus (20%), esc ...	1985	3893235
[carbenicillin resistance of gram-negative bacteria: incidence, biochemical and genetic determinism].	of nine hundred ampicillin resistant (amp-r) enterobacteria strains, isolated in hospital between july and december 1981, 73,7% are also carbenicillin-resistant (carb-r). this particular double resistance varies depending upon the species considered: indole positive proteus (23%), enterobacter cloacae (64%), citrobacter freundii (67%), acinetobacter calcoaceticus (73%), proteus mirabilis (75%), serratia marcescens (90%), escherichia coli (91%), providencia stuartii (96%) and klebsiella pneumonia ...	1985	3903620
membrane-bound lactate dehydrogenases and mandelate dehydrogenases of acinetobacter calcoaceticus. purification and properties.	procedures were developed for the optimal solubilization of d-lactate dehydrogenase, d-mandelate dehydrogenase, l-lactate dehydrogenase and l-mandelate dehydrogenase from wall + membrane fractions of acinetobacter calcoaceticus. d-lactate dehydrogenase and d-mandelate dehydrogenase were co-eluted on gel filtration, as were l-lactate dehydrogenase and l-mandelate dehydrogenase. all four enzymes could be separated by ion-exchange chromatography. d-lactate dehydrogenase and d-mandelate dehydrogenas ...	1985	3904742
solubilization of bacterial cells in organic solvents via reverse micelles.	a reverse micellar system containing tween 85 and water in isopropylpalmitate was developed which permitted the solubilization of bacteria in the form of homogenous organic solutions. the presence of the bacteria in solution was demonstrated by light microscopy. immediately after solubilization, isolated bacterial cells were observed, which by aging tend to form larger aggregates. cells of escherichia coli remained viable in this system for at least one day and retained beta-galactosidase activi ...	1985	3921020
anti-pseudomonal activity of hr 810.	the anti-pseudomonal activity of hr 810, a new 2-aminothiazolyl cephalosporin, was compared to that of carbenicillin, azlocillin and cefsulodin against 187 non-fermenters. hr 810 was the best agent against pseudomonas aeruginosa, pseudomonas putida, pseudomonas fluorescens and acinetobacter calcoaceticus with an mic50 less than or equal to 4 mg/l and an mic90 less than or equal to 16 mg/l. it was as effective as azlocillin against pseudomonas stutzeri and pseudomonas mendocina, with an mic50 les ...	1985	3922898
comparative in vitro activities of cefpiramide and apalcillin individually and in combination.	the in vitro activities of cefpiramide and apalcillin were compared with those of other third-generation cephalosporins and extended-spectrum penicillins against over 1,000 clinical bacterial isolates. the activity of cefpiramide against pseudomonas aeruginosa was comparable to those of piperacillin and cefoperazone, inhibiting 90% of strains at concentrations less than or equal to 16.0 micrograms/ml. this drug was also active against a broad range of gram-negative organisms but was generally le ...	1985	3925875
energy transduction by electron transfer via a pyrrolo-quinoline quinone-dependent glucose dehydrogenase in escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and acinetobacter calcoaceticus (var. lwoffi).	the coupling of membrane-bound glucose dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.99.17) to the respiratory chain has been studied in whole cells, cell-free extracts, and membrane vesicles of gram-negative bacteria. several escherichia coli strains synthesized glucose dehydrogenase apoenzyme which could be activated by the prosthetic group pyrrolo-quinoline quinone. the synthesis of the glucose dehydrogenase apoenzyme was independent of the presence of glucose in the growth medium. membrane vesicles of e. coli, grow ...	1985	3926746
antibacterial activity in vitro and regression studies for ceftazidime and ceftriaxone.	the antibacterial activity in vitro of ceftazidime and ceftriaxone was investigated against 575 recent clinical isolates. both cephalosporins displayed excellent activity against most of the pathogens tested, in particular gram-negative bacteria, including pseudomonas aeruginosa. apart from the pseudomonas group, acinetobacter calcoaceticus and campylobacter jejuni ceftriaxone was slightly to moderately more active than ceftazidime overall. ceftriaxone was moderately active against streptococcus ...	1985	3929558
transformation and mobilization of cloning vectors in acinetobacter spp.	r300b-, rsf1010-, and rk2-derived plasmids were introduced into acinetobacter sp. strain ho1-n and acinetobacter calcoaceticus bd413 by transformation and conjugal mobilization. the transformation frequencies of bd413 were 4.2 x 10(6) to 6.3 x 10(6) transformants per micrograms of dna per 10(9) recipient cells. conjugal mobilization frequencies were 1.1 x 10(-1) to 8.5 x 10(-1) per recipient. an improved method for the transformation of a. calcoaceticus bd413 is reported.	1986	3941044
an outbreak of infections with acinetobacter calcoaceticus in burn patients: contamination of patients' mattresses.	during a 21-month period acinetobacter calcoaceticus was the most common organism causing infections in a university burn center. forty-three of 103 patients admitted became infected with this organism. risk factors associated with burn wound colonization with acinetobacter included larger burns and foley catheter use; however, only a longer duration of hospitalization was an independent discriminator of colonization. infection-control measures, including strict isolation and closure and repaint ...	1985	3968451
isolation of acinetobacter calcoaceticus from a cow with mastitis.		1985	3976314
assessment of head-space gas-liquid chromatography for the rapid detection of growth in blood cultures.	blood for transfusion was inoculated with between 10(0) and 10(2) colony-forming units (cfu) per ml of each of 59 microbial isolates and added to cooked meat broth. at intervals up to 72 h incubation, the cultures were examined by conventional visual inspection and automated head-space gas-liquid chromatography (hs-glc). forty-six isolates including all those examined of staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes, s. pneumoniae, s. faecalis, s. milleri, s. mitior, s. mitis, s. salivarius, s. ...	1985	3988854
transferable amikacin resistance in pseudomonas maltophilia and acinetobacter calcoaceticus.		1985	3997255
enzymatic profile of clinical isolates of acinetobacter calcoaceticus.	the enzymatic profiles of 109 clinical isolates of acinetobacter calcoaceticus subsp. anitratus and lwoffi were determined with conventional plate tests and the rapid api zym system (analytab products, plainview, n.y.). the majority of strains tested lacked dnase, hemolysin, protease, elastase and gelatinase. strong enzymatic activities of butyrate esterase (c4), caprylate esterase (c8) and leucine arylamidase were detected in all isolates. no trypsin, chymotrypsin, alkaline phosphatase or gluco ...	1985	4000064
acinetobacter calcoaceticus septicemia in patients with cancer.	at our institution, 95 cases of acinetobacter septicemia occurred over a ten-year period (1973 to 1982) in patients being treated for cancer. in 24 patients the infection was polymicrobial, while acinetobacter ssp was the only offending pathogen in 71 patients. in 76 patients (80%), the infection was related to an indwelling central venous catheter (cvc). a sharp increase in the frequency of acinetobacter septicemia was noticed in the years 1981 and 1982 and coincided with a marked increase in t ...	1985	4001997
in-vitro and in-vivo activities of antimicrobial agents against acinetobacter calcoaceticus.	the virulence of clinical isolates of acinetobacter calcoaceticus subsp. anitratus was studied in mice, and in-vitro and in-vivo activities of several antimicrobial agents were evaluated. in in-vitro susceptibility testings, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, and peptide were highly sensitive, and minocycline and doxycycline were the most active of 21 antibiotics tested against 84 clinical isolates of acin. calcoaceticus. virulence tests for mice revealed that some strains exhibited high virulence ...	1985	4008377
[utilization of 3-chlorobenzoic acid by acinetobacter calcoaceticus].	a strain of acinetobacter calcoaceticus assimilating 3-chlorobenzoic acid (3-cba) as a sole source of carbon and energy was isolated from soil near moscow. when 3-cba is utilized, 2-chloro-cis, cis-muconic acid is accumulated in the medium. the liberation of chlorine atoms is 50--60% of the theoretically possible value. the oxidation of 3-cba yields 3-chloropyrocatechol (3-cpc) and 4-chloropyrocatechol (4-cpc). 4-cpc serves as a source of nutrition for a. calcoaceticus. the oxidation of 3-cpc yi ...	1985	4010553
[acinetobacter calcoaceticus infection--bacteriological and clinical studies of septicemia].		1985	4032800
regions of broad-host-range plasmid rk2 involved in replication and stable maintenance in nine species of gram-negative bacteria.	the replication and maintenance properties of the broad-host-range plasmid rk2 and its derivatives were examined in nine gram-negative bacterial species. two regions of rk2, the origin of replication (oriv) and a segment that encodes for a replication protein (trfa delta kild, designated trfa*), are sufficient for replication in all nine species tested. however, stable maintenance of this minimal replicon (less than 0.3% loss per generation under nonselection conditions) is observed only in esch ...	1985	4044529
replacement of methoxatin by 4,7-phenanthroline-5,6-dione and the inability of other phenanthroline quinones, as well as 7,9-di-decarboxy methoxatin, to serve as cofactors for the methoxatin-requiring glucose dehydrogenase of acinetobacter calcoaceticus.	glucose dehydrogenase from a. calcoaceticus has been dissociated into apoenzyme and methoxatin coenzyme, and enzyme activity restored by replacing coenzyme with 4,7-phenanthroline-5,6-dione but not with 1,10- nor 1,7-phenanthroline-5,6-diones nor with 7,9-decarboxy methoxatin.	1985	4052066
synergistic necrotizing fasciitis: a case of polymicrobic infection with acinetobacter calcoaceticus.		1985	4053677
structural studies of the capsular polysaccharide of acinetobacter calcoaceticus bd4.	compositional analysis of the intact and carboxyl-reduced capsular polysaccharide of acinetobacter calcoaceticus bd4 (ps-4) showed it to consist of l-rhamnose, d-glucose, d-glucuronic and d-mannose in molar ratios of 4:1:1:1. 13c-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, methylation analysis, oligosaccharide analysis and base-catalyzed beta-elimination were used to elucidate the primary structure. oligosaccharides were obtained by enzymatic depolymerization with a specific bacteriophage-induced d ...	1985	4054115
a 28,000-dalton protein of normal mouse serum binds specifically to the inner core region of bacterial lipopolysaccharide.	normal mouse serum was found to contain a protein, referred to here as factor, which binds to the inner core region of lipopolysaccharides (lpss) of various bacterial families. since factor-lps interactions resulted in activation of guinea pig complement, factor activity could be assayed by a passive hemolysis test with sheep erythrocytes coated with lps or lipid a from acinetobacter calcoaceticus (which was found earlier to bind particularly well to factor). factor was purified by g-50 and hydr ...	1985	4066028
endemic nosocomial acinetobacter calcoaceticus bacteremia. clinical significance, treatment, and prognosis.	the medical records of 27 patients with blood cultures positive for acinetobacter calcoaceticus over a recent five-year period (0.7% of all positive blood cultures) were reviewed retrospectively to determine the epidemiologic and clinical significance of these isolates. eighteen isolates represented true bacteremias, 16 of which were hospital acquired. patients most frequently were located in an intensive care unit or on a surgical ward. a seasonal july-to-september peak incidence was noted. the ...	1985	4074029
identification of 2-keto-3-deoxy-1,7-dicarboxyheptonic acid as a constituent of the lipopolysaccharide of acinetobacter calcoaceticus nctc 10305.	a 3-deoxyaldulosonic acid, not previously described, was identified as a component of the lipopolysaccharide of acinetobacter calcoaceticus nctc 10305: 2-keto-3-deoxy-1,7-dicarboxyheptonic acid. this compound, whose steric configuration has not been determined, was released from lipopolysaccharide after acid hydrolysis as monosaccharide and in the form of a glucose-substituted disaccharide. it was identified by combined gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry using various derivatization pro ...	1985	4076175
an underestimated nosocomial pathogen, acinetobacter calcoaceticus.		1985	4077770
[comparison of the in vitro activity of amikacin, netilmicin, piperacillin and moxalactam against acinetobacter calcoaceticus var. anitratum].		1985	4079560
interconvertible molecular-weight forms of the bifunctional chorismate mutase-prephenate dehydratase from acinetobacter calcoaceticus.	acinetobacter calcoaceticus belongs to a large phylogenetic cluster of gram-negative procaryotes that all utilize a bifunctional p-protein (chorismate mutase-prephenate dehydratase) [ec 5.4.99.5-4.2.1.51] for phenylalanine biosynthesis. these two enzyme activities from ac. calcoaceticus were inseparable by gel-filtration or deae-cellulose chromatography. the molecular weight of the p-protein in the absence of effectors was 65,000. in the presence of l-tyrosine (dehydratase activator) or l-phenyl ...	1985	4083897
versatile mercury-resistant cloning and expression vectors.	cloning vectors have been constructed employing two diverse replicons, incq and p15a. both vectors confer resistance to kanamycin (km) and mercuric ions (hg2+). one of these vectors, pdg105, is a broad-host-range, nonconjugative, oligocopy incq plasmid, which is capable of transforming escherichia coli, acinetobacter calcoaceticus, and pseudomonas putida. the second vector, pdg106, is a narrow-host-range, multicopy cloning vector compatible with pbr322. both vectors contain unique cloning sites ...	1985	4092936
regulation of the synthesis of enzymes of tryptophan dissimilation in acinetobacter calcoaceticus.		1972	4117534
relationships among enzymes of the beta-ketoadipate pathway. iv. muconolactone isomerase from acinetobacter calcoaceticus and pseudomonas putida.		1974	4215816
the nature of phospholipase c from acinetobacter calcoaceticus: effects on whole red cells and red cell membranes.		1973	4271908
anthranilate synthetase of acinetobacter calcoaceticus. separation and partial characterization of subunits.		1973	4349869
pyrimidine metabolism in acinetobacter calcoaceticus.	the metabolism of thymine, thymidine, uracil, and uridine has been investigated in five different strains of acinetobacter calcoaceticus. attempts to isolate thymine and thymidine auxotrophic mutants were not successful. consistent with this finding was the observation that uptake of radioactive thymine or thymidine could not be demonstrated. search for enzymes capable of transforming thymine via thymidine to thymidine-5'-monophosphate in crude extracts was performed, and the following enzymes w ...	1973	4355484
[regulation of citrate synthase activity in acinetobacter calcoaceticus].		1974	4371720
the effect of imidoesters on the protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase activity of acinetobacter calcoaceticus.		1974	4419544
dna polymerase i from acinetobacter calcoaceticus: enzymatic properties.		1974	4452356
multiple dna polymerases in acinetobacter calcoaceticus.		1974	4604798
leukolytic activity of acinetobacter calcoaceticus.		1972	4630253
properties of purified phospholipase c from acinetobacter calcoaceticus.		1972	4630254
acute villous inflammation in the placenta following intrauterine transfusion.	infection is well recognized as a complication of intrauterine transfusion. the majority of cases are fortunately mild and consist merely of chorio-amnionitis. the present case, of severe type, resulted from contamination of the donor blood with acinetobacter calcoaceticus. spread of infection from foetus to mother has been carefully studied and an entirely new type of lesion in the placenta described. this takes the form of acute villous inflammation with resultant micro-abscess formation benea ...	1972	4646299
growth of acinetobacter calcoaceticus on ethanol.	a soil microorganism, identified as acinetobacter calcoaceticus, was cultivated on ethanol as a sole source of carbon. this organism grew with a maximum specific growth rate of 0.7/h. the ph optimum for growth was between 6.5 and 7.5, and the temperature optimum was between 32 and 35 c. ethanol metabolism by this organism was inducible by ethanol, and the presence of acetate led to the repression of ethanol dehydrogenase. at higher cell densities the cessation of growth on ethanol was accompanie ...	1973	4715559
role of carbohydrates in the metabolism of acinetobacter calcoaceticus.		1973	4748364
purification and properties of l-asparaginase a from acinetobacter calcoaceticus.		1973	4770738
effect of growth rate and nutrient limitation on the composition and biomass yield of acinetobacter calcoaceticus.	acinetobacter calcoaceticus was grown on ethanol in a chemostat as a model system for single-cell protein production. the substrate yield coefficient (y(s), grams of biomass/gram of ethanol), protein yield coefficient (y(p), grams of protein/gram of ethanol), and biomass composition were measured as a function of the specific growth rate. nucleic acid, protein, y(p), and y(s) all increased at higher growth rates. although protein content increased only 14% (from 53 to 67%), y(p) almost doubled o ...	1974	4844268
mapping of the tryptophan genes of acinetobacter calcoaceticus by transformation.	auxotrophs of acinetobacter calcoaceticus blocked in each reaction of the synthetic pathway from chorismic acid to tryptophan were obtained after n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis. one novel class was found to be blocked in both anthranilate and p-aminobenzoate synthesis; these mutants (trpg) require p-aminobenzoate or folate as well as tryptophan (or anthranilate) for growth. the loci of six other auxotrophic classes requiring only tryptophan were defined by growth, accumulation, ...	1972	5086660