Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| detection of leptospiral antibodies in animal sera by means of fractionated antigenic extracts. | sodium dodecyl sulphate extracts of the reference strains mus 127, castellón 3 and arborea of the ballum agglutinogenic serogroup of leptospira interrogans (the species of pathogenic leptospira), of strain patoc 1 of the saprophytic species of l. biflexa, and of strain 3055 of illini serotype, the sole representative of l. illini, were each fractionated by ultracentrifugation in a sucrose density gradient into 10 fractions. the fractions were tested by complement fixation and immunodiffusion aga ... | 1980 | 6159474 |
| unstable antigenic variation of leptospiras. | the antigenic variants which were found in leptospiras, leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni shibaura grown in a liquid medium containing a homologous antiserum were found to be unstable. the unstable variants showed decreased agglutinability against the homologous antiserum. the decreased agglutinability of the unstable variants reverted to the parent's level of agglutinability after 1 or 2 passages through the normal serum medium. the unstable variants differed antigenically from the par ... | 1981 | 6168141 |
| antigenic variants of leptospiras detected in peritoneal cavity in early stage of infection in immunized guinea pigs. | antigenic variants were detected firstly 7 h following intraperitoneal challenge with leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni shibaura in the peritoneal cavity of guinea pigs which had been previously immunized with the homologous strain. the variants appeared at a rate of 63% of the leptospiras which survived in the peritoneal cavity, and the survivors' rate was 0.00005% of the inoculated organisms. the antigenicity of these variants reversed to that of the parent after 3-5 passages in liqui ... | 1982 | 6187138 |
| about the presence of a thermolabile (tl) antigenic fraction in leptospira interrogans. | antisera prepared with living serovars of leptospira interrogans have a fraction anti-tl able to neutralize tl antigen of leptospira strains. after neutralization, any leptospiral serovar is able to adsorb heterologous antisera prepared with living strains. | 1983 | 6200266 |
| leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo infection in cows of hokkaido, japan--serological evidence. | 1983 | 6200638 | |
| [studies on endotoxin of leptospira: i. extraction of lipopolysaccharides from leptospira interrogans serovar lai and analysis of their chemical and biological properties]. | 1984 | 6241080 | |
| identification of leptospira serovars by restriction-endonuclease analysis. | strains of leptospira interrogans were examined by restriction-endonuclease analysis. serovars hardjo and balcanica gave patterns that differed from each other, and from those of other members of the hebdomadis serogroup and members of other serogroups. the method should be useful for the identification of leptospires and might throw light on problems of their classification. | 1981 | 6257907 |
| prevalence of selected pathogenic microbial agents in the red fox (vulpes fulva) and gray fox (urocyon cinereoargenteus) of southwestern wisconsin. | free-ranging red foxes (vulpes fulva) and gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus) were trapped in southwestern wisconsin. fox sera were tested to determine the prevalence of antibody for five different leptospira interrogans serovars, canine distemper virus (cdv), infectious canine hepatitis virus (ichv), and franciscella tularensis infections. grippotyphosa was the most prevalent leptospiral serovar antibody observed. twenty-five of 53 (47%) red foxes and 11 of 36 (31%) gray foxes had specific an ... | 1981 | 6265659 |
| differentiation of subtypes within leptospira interrogans serovars hardjo, balcanica and tarassovi, by bacterial restriction-endonuclease dna analysis (brenda). | various strains of leptospira interrogans were compared by bacterial restriction-endonuclease dna analysis (brenda). field strains of serovar hardjo isolated from domestic animals in new zealand, australia and northern ireland were indistinguishable from one another but differed strikingly from the hardjo reference strain hardjoprajitno. similarly, field isolates of balcanica and tarassovi differed from their serovar reference strains, probably owing to a difference in epidemiological niche. sub ... | 1982 | 6288951 |
| serologic survey of california wild hogs for antibodies against selected zoonotic disease agents. | blood samples were collected from trapped or hunter-killed wild hogs (sus scrofa) in 4 areas of california. sera were tested for antibodies against 7 zoonotic disease agents. antibodies against brucella sp were detected in 21 (15%) of 136 samples. antibodies against coxiella burnetii were found in 50% of the collected samples (67 of 135 tested). of the 135 wild hogs screened for pseudorabies virus, 4 (3%) were seropositive. leptospira interrogans antibodies were discovered in 118 (87%) of the 13 ... | 1983 | 6315659 |
| species- and genus-specific antigens in leptospira, revealed by monoclonal antibodies and enzyme immunoassay. | mouse antisera to leptospira interrogans serovar pomona or l. biflexa serovar patoc agglutinated homologous leptospires but not leptospires of serovars from any heterologous serogroup tested. when tested by enzyme immunoassay (eia), pomona and patoc antisera reacted with all serovars tested from l. interrogans, l. biflexa or l. illini species. a non-agglutinating hybridoma-derived monoclonal antibody reacted by eia only with serovars of the pathogenic l. interrogans species but not with l. bifle ... | 1983 | 6359778 |
| identification of a reservoir of leptospira interrogans serovar muenchen in voles (microtus agrestis and clethrionomys glareolus) in england. | infection with leptospires of the australis serogroup is widespread in voles in southern england and the serovar identification of five randomly-selected isolates was determined by cross agglutination absorption. two isolates from short-tailed voles (microtus agrestis) and three isolates from bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus) were all identified as serovar muenchen. the only previous isolation of this serovar is that from a human in germany. | 1983 | 6372316 |
| adhesion of leptospires to mouse fibroblasts (l929) and its enhancement by specific antibody. | the adhesion of leptospires (leptospira interrogans serovar. copenhageni l45) to mouse l-cells was studied by microscopic observations. within 3 h of infection of monolayers many leptospires adhered to 95-100% of the cells, and intracellular leptospires were demonstrated by electron microscopy. no specific site of attachment on the cells or the leptospires was observed. avirulent or dead leptospires adhered poorly but attachment of the saprophytic leptospire l. biflexa serovar. patoc occurred on ... | 1984 | 6379182 |
| a pomona serogroup-specific, agglutinating antigen in leptospira, identified by monoclonal antibodies. | monoclonal antibodies were produced by hybridoma cell lines derived by fusion of mouse ns-1 myeloma cells with splenocytes from mice immunized with leptospira interrogans serovar pomona. one hybridoma (a3) produced an igg2a antibody which agglutinated all leptospires of the pomona serogroup but not leptospires representative of serovars of any other serogroup. the antibody precipitated in immunodiffusions with either alkali- or phenol-extracted lipopolysaccharide and also with the tm antigen of ... | 1983 | 6417619 |
| serologic studies on brucellosis, leptospirosis and tularemia in moose (alces alces) in quebec. | blood samples were obtained from 208 moose in la vérendrye and matane reserves and in laurentides park, quebec, canada. sera were tested for antibodies to brucella abortus, leptospira interrogans serovar ballum, canicola, grippotyphosa, hardjo, icterohaemorrhagiae and pomona, and francisella tularensis. fifteen sera contained evidence of prior exposure to f. tularensis. only one animal was a seroreactor to l. interrogans serovar grippotyphosa and none of them had antibodies to b. abortus. | 1984 | 6429355 |
| six new leptospiral serovars isolated from wild animals in peru. | six new serovars of leptospira interrogans were isolated from opossums (didelphis marsupialis and philander opossum) trapped in the peruvian jungle. the proposed names, type strain designation, and serogroup of the serovars, respectively, were: huallaga, strain m-7, djasiman serogroup; luis, strain m-6, tarassovi serogroup; machiguenga, strain mmd-3, icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup; rioja, strain mr-12, bataviae serogroup; rupa rupa, strain m-3, sejroe serogroup; and tingomaria, strain m-13, cynop ... | 1984 | 6470106 |
| bim, a new serovar of leptospira interrogans isolated from a dog in barbados. | a new serovar of leptospira interrogans was isolated from a dog in barbados. the proposed name of the new serovar is bim, and the designated type strain is 1051. the serogroup of the new serovar is the autumnalis serogroup. the new serovar was subsequently isolated from six patients with leptospirosis in barbados. | 1984 | 6470107 |
| isolation of an antigenic oligosaccharide fraction from leptospira interrogans serovar canicola with a monoclonal antibody. | an oligosaccharide fraction containing the antigenic determinant of lipopolysaccharide antigen (tm antigen) from leptospira interrogans serovar canicola, recognized by a monoclonal antibody (ct3) which agglutinates serovars canicola and broomi, was isolated by formic acid and successive sulphuric acid hydrolyses. separation of the antigenic compounds was done by bio-gel p-2 and sephadex g-25 gel filtration, and high-performance liquid chromatography with two different columns. the fraction final ... | 1984 | 6481337 |
| serodiagnosis of canine leptospirosis by solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to detect antibodies to leptospira interrogans serotype canicola in dogs was developed and evaluated. comparison of the elisa with the microscopic agglutination test (mat) showed that, during the first two weeks after an experimental infection with serotype canicola, the elisa detected antibody at higher dilutions than the mat. after the second week post-infection both tests detected antibody at almost equal titres (r = 0.89). the outer envelope (oe) ... | 1984 | 6485246 |
| determination of specific anti-leptospiral immunoglobulins m and g in sera of experimentally infected dogs by solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | the development and evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to detect specific anti-leptospiral igm and igg in sera of dogs experimentally infected with leptospira interrogans serotype canicola are reported. in all dogs specific anti-leptospiral igm was detected from the second half of the first week after infection, the maximum being attained during the second week. subsequently the igm titre gradually decreased. specific anti-leptospiral igg was detected later and increased ... | 1984 | 6485247 |
| role of specific antibody in interaction of leptospires with human monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages. | it has previously been shown that human neutrophils ingest and kill nonpathogenic leptospira biflexa in the absence of serum but that pathogenic leptospira interrogans is not ingested by neutrophils even in the presence of normal serum. we extended this study by examining the interactions of human monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages with pathogenic l. interrogans (serovar icterohaemorrhagiae) and evaluating the opsonizing effect of serotype-specific immune serum on the phagocytosis of pat ... | 1984 | 6500713 |
| humoral immune response of dogs after vaccination against leptospirosis measured by an igm- and igg-specific elisa. | an igm- and igg-specific elisa was used to measure the antibody response stimulated in dogs by vaccination with a leptospiral bacterin containing chemically inactivated leptospira interrogans serotype icterohaemorrhagiae and serotype canicola leptospires. all dogs produced anti-leptospiral igm and igg. the igm production was of the primary response type after each vaccination (primary vaccination, booster vaccination and annual revaccination). a substantial anti-leptospiral igg response could be ... | 1984 | 6506449 |
| leptospiral abortions of sows: new data. | in an immunization experiment, 460 sows at 7-60 days of gestation were inoculated with a rodent-adapted live strain of leptospira interrogans serovar tarassovi at a large swine farm previously affected by this serovar. the inoculum consisted of a haemoculture prepared from the 52nd guinea-pig passage and the dose was 2 x 10(7) leptospires per sow. over the period from the 48th to the 73rd day after inoculation 54 out of 283 sows having been inoculated at 32-60 days of gestation, aborted or deliv ... | 1984 | 6506928 |
| phagocytosis of virulent and avirulent leptospires by guinea-pig and human polymorphonuclear leukocytes in vitro. | chemiluminescence (cl) and electron microscopy were used to study the phagocytosis of both virulent and avirulent strains of leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni by guinea-pig and human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn). a significant cl response was observed when guinea-pig pmn were incubated with virulent leptospires in the presence but not in the absence of specific immune serum. this response was markedly enhanced by the addition of guinea-pig complement. phagocytosis was confirmed by ... | 1984 | 6514391 |
| leptospiral attachment to cultured cells. | each virulent strain of copenhageni, canicola and pomona of leptospira interrogans attached effectively to mdck cells and primary dog kidney cells, while the avirulent or less virulent line of the same strain and avirulent strains belonging to the same serovars and the avirulent reference strains of other serovars did not. inhibition of the attachment of the virulent copenhageni to mdck cells was found in the presence of the homologous immunoglobulin g fab fragment. strains of l. biflexa attache ... | 1984 | 6532022 |
| epidemiological aspects of canine leptospirosis in the netherlands. | the epidemiology of canine leptospirosis has been examined in a limited study in the netherlands from 1969 through 1982. leptospira interrogans serotype icterohaemorrhagiae and canicola were found to be the only serotypes causing clinical leptospirosis. however, positive agglutination titres to the serotypes grippotyphosa, bratislava, poi and ballum have also been detected. the incidence of infection caused by serotype icterohaemorrhagiae was highest during summer and autumn. infections with ser ... | 1984 | 6532025 |
| [weil's syndrome due to leptospira interrogans of the ballum serotype]. | 1984 | 6533720 | |
| survey of rats (rattus norvegicus) in kuwait for the presence of leptospira. | a survey of brown rats (rattus norvegicus) was made in kuwait in 1979 for the presence of leptospira organisms. kidney tissue from 49 rats, trapped mostly from various kuwait city districts, were cultured on e.m.j.h. and stuart media. eight leptospira strains were isolated; all strains were identical and belonged to leptospira interrogans canicola serogroup; they were later identified as a new serovar kuwait. the frequency of l. interrogans group canicola carriers among the local rats in kuwait ... | 1983 | 6612771 |
| leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo in pigs: a new host-parasite relationship in the united kingdom. | the first isolations of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo from pigs are recorded. evidence that hardjo may be a sporadic cause of porcine reproductive disease is presented. | 1983 | 6623873 |
| isolation of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo from a viable premature calf. | a severe outbreak of agalactia in a dairy herd of 80 cows was followed by six premature calvings and an abortion. serological and bacteriological studies identified leptospira hardjo as the probable cause. a leptospire isolated from the kidney of a premature calf killed seven weeks post partum was identified as hardjo and it is probable that this infection was acquired in utero. the maintenance of such an infection for a considerable period after birth has not been previously described and may p ... | 1983 | 6623882 |
| serologic survey for leptospirosis in arizona beef cattle in 1981. | sera from 1,215 beef cattle in arizona were evaluated by leptospiral microscopic agglutination test in 1981. over 25% had agglutinins to greater than or equal to 1 of 5 serovars of leptospira interrogans used as antigens (canicola, grippotyphosa, hardjo, icterohaemorrhagiae, and pomona) at a titer of greater than or equal to 1:100, and 8.2% had titers of greater than or equal to 1:400 to greater than or equal to 1 serovars. the most common serovar to which reactions were detected was hardjo; agg ... | 1983 | 6625331 |
| the first isolation of leptospira interrogans serovar pomona from cattle in botswana. | serological evidence for the occurrence of l. pomona associated with abortions in cattle was supported by the successful isolation of the organism from the urine of a cow. leptospirosis should be considered as a possible cause of abortion even in relatively dry regions. | 1983 | 6631909 |
| leptospirosis in rodents from an arid environment. | rodents (n = 358) were trapped from 6 locations in arizona, including 2 dairies, 2 swine raising operations, and 2 areas where domestic animal access was limited. isolates of leptospira interrogans serovar ballum were obtained from 3 house mice (mus musculus) trapped in dairies. leptospira were seen in silver-stained kidney sections of 10.4% of the rodents. the usefulness of serologic data in detecting leptospiral infection in these rodents was uncertain because so few animals yielded isolates t ... | 1983 | 6638656 |
| bovine abortion associated with leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo infection. | during 1981, 265 bovine abortions were investigated by serological and histological methods for evidence of leptospiral infection. leptospires were demonstrated in the tissues of 10 foetuses by a levaditi silver impregnation technique. serological testing of maternal sera indicated that leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo was associated with 5 of the abortions while the remaining 5 were due to l. interrogans serovar pomona infection. in cases of abortion associated with l. interrogans serovar ... | 1983 | 6639516 |
| morphological changes upon subculturing of freshly isolated strains of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo. | the morphology of freshly isolated strains of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo was studied by electron microscopy and was compared to that of established laboratory strains of the same serovar and to some other serovars within the hebdomadis serogroup. changes in the morphology of freshly isolated strains of serovar hardjo were observed when the isolates were subcultured in the laboratory. cells of strains subcultured more than 20 times were longer and had longer wavelengths, and electron l ... | 1983 | 6649981 |
| activation of complement by leptospires and its bactericidal activity. | bactericidal activity of complement was found to be effective on saprophytic leptospira biflexa strains and not on leptospira interrogans strains, by means of viable counting; the killing effect on saprophytic strains was probably due to a direct activation of the complement system via the alternative pathway. on the contrary the pathogenic strains seemed to activate the complement at a lower extent and were, in any case, resistant to the lytic action of the activated complement. | 1983 | 6675348 |
| growth of 10 leptospira interrogans serovars using polyvinylpyrrolidone(pvp)-treated tween in protein-free medium. | polyvinylpyrrolidone (pvp)-treated tween was used to prepare a protein-free medium for cultivation of leptospires. 6 out of 25 media were selected for culturing 10 serovars of leptospires. the best results were achieved in a medium containing tween treated with pvp 25000. in several subcultures 8 out of 10 serovars reached a concentration of 10(8) leptospires/ml or more, when cultured in tubes without aeration.l only in the case of 2 serovars (leptospira interrogans serovars grippotyphosa and ta ... | 1983 | 6675354 |
| leptospirosis in israel: a report of 14 cases caused by icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup (1968-82). | fourteen cases of leptospirosis due to the leptospira interrogans serogroup icterohaemorrhagiae (weil's disease) were serologically confirmed in the last 15 years. in two cases, icterohaemorrhagiae was also isolated from the patients' blood. both positive cultures were obtained in korthof's medium by indirect passage through brain-heart infusion medium. one of the isolates was identified as serovar budapest, which has never been reported in israel. in most of the cases, paradoxical cross-reactio ... | 1984 | 6706536 |
| interaction of leptospires with human polymorphonuclear neutrophils. | the role of the polymorphonuclear neutrophils (pmn) in defense against leptospires has not been adequately studied, in part, because of difficulty in quantitating pathogenic leptospires. by using pour plates to quantitate nonpathogenic leptospires and the most-probable-number procedure to quantitate the pathogenic leptospires, we examined the interactions of nonpathogenic leptospira biflexa and pathogenic leptospira interrogans serovar icterohemorrhagiae with human neutrophils. phase-contrast, s ... | 1984 | 6715045 |
| some population parameters of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo infection in sheep. | 1984 | 6730262 | |
| the long term efficacy of a hardjo-pomona vaccine in preventing leptospiruria in cattle exposed to natural challenge with leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo. | the long term efficacy of a commercially prepared bivalent vaccine against leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo and l. interrogans serovar pomona was evaluated in a group of 82 dairy heifers exposed to natural challenge with l. interrogans serovar hardjo for up to 55 weeks after calfhood vaccination. nineteen heifers were vaccinated twice with a one-month interval, at calfhood (9 to 10 months). a further 18 heifers received a similar calfhood vaccination regimen plus a third injection at adulth ... | 1984 | 6732669 |
| characterization of monoclonal antibodies against etiological agents of weil's disease. | monoclonal antibodies against etiological agents of weil's disease were produced by cell fusion technology. twenty hybridomas were produced through the fusion of p3x63ag8 .653 cells with spleen cells from balb/c mice immunized against leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae rga strain and serovar copenhageni shiromizu and m20 strains. reactivities of the antibodies produced by the hybridomas were determined by the microscopic agglutination test. among the five hybridoma antibodies to ... | 1984 | 6738384 |
| the immunoglobulin response of swine following experimental infection with leptospira interrogans serovar pomona. | the antibody response of pigs following experimental infection with leptospira interrogans serovar pomona was examined using enzyme immunoassay (eia) and the microscopic agglutination test (mat). leptospires elicited the production of both igm and igg classes of antibody, with igg levels persisting for much longer than igm. a comparison of mat and eia indicated that the detection of specific igm by eia was potentially useful in distinguishing between past and recent infection in pigs. agglutinin ... | 1984 | 6741345 |
| the role of macrophages in the protection of mice against leptospirosis: in vitro and in vivo studies. | balb/c mice are naturally resistant to infection with leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni, but leptospires were not phagocytosed by mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro without added specific antibody. similar results were obtained irrespective of whether leptospires were viable or killed, virulent or avirulent, or whether macrophages were obtained from normal mice, immunized mice or mice previously infected with bcg. suppression or stimulation of macrophage function in vivo did not affe ... | 1982 | 6760092 |
| metabolic sequelae of experimental leptospirosis in grivet monkeys. | leptospira interrogans serovars balcanica and tarassovi both induced mild subclinical infections in grivet monkeys. the activities in serum of lactate dehydrogenase, alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and creatine phosphokinase and the level of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin increased in a few days after infection. concomitant decreases in serum iron levels were observed in some cases. these changes occurred in the absence of any observable clinic ... | 1980 | 6769455 |
| serological and chemical interrelationship of antigens from leptospira interrogans serovar canicola. | antigens of the outer envelope from leptospira interrogans serovar canicola (hond utrecht iv) were extracted by 50% (v/v) ethanol or by sodium dodecyl sulphate and serological analysis suggested that they were identical. the "fraction 4" extracted by alkali was found to contain glycoproteins of high (retentate) and low (filtrate) molecular weight; the latter behaved like a hapten in serology and in animal immunization experiments. antibodies were raised in rabbits against this hapten by conjugat ... | 1980 | 6771366 |
| benign leptospirosis: the pathology of experimental infection of monkeys with leptospira interrogans serovars balcanica and tarassovi. | grivet monkeys experimentally infected with leptospira interrogans serovars balcanica and tarassovi showed no clinical disease, but severe meningoencephalitis was demonstrated histologically in animals killed 26 and 33 days after infection. the meningeal and perivascular reactions were exclusively lymphocytic. mild focal lesions of degeneration and cellular infiltration were also present in the kidneys and femoral musculature. | 1980 | 6775660 |
| infections with encephalitozoon cuniculi and leptospira interrogans, serovars grippotyphosa and ballum, in a kennel of foxhounds. | leptospira interrogans serovars grippotyphosa and ballum were isolated from kidney and urine of an american foxhound pup. the pup was from a litter of 12, all of which were unthrifty. titers for serovar grippotyphosa in pups from the litter ranged from 200 to 6,400 and 23 of 36 adult dogs in the kennel had titers to that serovar. none of the sera was tested for antibodies to serovar ballum. leptospires were not isolated from or observed in 2 littermates and 1 penmate, but gram-positive organisms ... | 1982 | 6800994 |
| hemolytic activity of leptospira interrogans serovar canicola cultured in protein-free medium. | hemolytic activity of the culture supernatant of leptospira interrogans serovar canicola strain moulton grown in protein-free medium was demonstrated. the activity began to appear in the late logarithmic phase of growth of the organism and reached a plateau after 2 weeks of cultivation. it was inactivated by the addition of dipotassium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, but was effectively restored by mg2+. hemolysis by the culture supernatant was stimulated by "hot-cold" incubation. sleep erythrocyte ... | 1982 | 6813653 |
| leptospiral and brucellar titers in frozen bovine sera after 20 years of storage. | generally good agreement was obtained between the rankings of sera titers when originally tested (t1), and those of the same sera 20 years later (t2). at the later time, the majority of samples (88%) were in, or within 1 dilution factor of their classification at t1. test results for brucella abortus and leptospira interrogans var pomona antibodies demonstrated that original titers, in the upper-lower limits of 20 to 50, had decreased over a wide range (20% to 90%), and the later tests show that ... | 1982 | 6817674 |
| pathologic features of leptospirosis in hamsters caused by leptospira interrogans serovars hardjo and szwajizak. | 1983 | 6824231 | |
| in vitro effect of leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae on human mononuclear leukocytes procoagulant activity: comparison of virulent with nonvirulent strain. | the in vitro effect of a virulent and a nonvirulent strain of leptospira interrogans serotype icterohaemorrhagiae on human peripheral mononuclear cells was investigated. after addition of bacteria to citrated whole blood the production of mononuclear cell procoagulant activity (tissue factor) was observed. indeed mononuclear cells isolated from whole blood bacteria mixtures after prolonged incubation shortened the recalcification time of normal plasma. the virulent strain induced a significantly ... | 1983 | 6831307 |
| experimental infection in sheep with leptospira interrogans serotype hardjo. | 1983 | 6839124 | |
| aminopeptidase activity of leptospira strains. | a total of 15 cultures of leptospira were examined for aminopeptidase activity using 22 aminoacyl-beta-naphthylamde substrates. activity was demonstrated in each of the cultures. extracts from serovars of leptospira interrogans preferentially hydrolysed the same range of substrates. the level of hydrolysis of the preferred substrates for the seven strains of l. interrogans was distinctively higher than that demonstrated for the six leptospira biflexa strains. extracts from cultures of leptospira ... | 1983 | 6842179 |
| isolation of a hamster lethal strain of leptospira interrogans serotype hardjo. | 1983 | 6868308 | |
| serological study of the distribution of leptospira interrogans (serotype jules) and five other leptospires in jamaica. | 1983 | 6868569 | |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies to leptospira interrogans serovars hardjo and pomona in cattle. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), which used the phenol phase of a hot phenol-water extraction as antigen, and the microscopic agglutination test were compared for the detection of antibodies to leptospira interrogans serovars hardjo and pomona in cattle. among serum samples from vaccinated cattle, the elisa (using antiglobulin) was positive to 64% with hardjo antigen and to 78% with pomona antigen, whereas the microscopic agglutination test was positive to only 18% with hardjo and 2 ... | 1983 | 6869998 |
| analysis of leptospira antigens by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. | serovars icterohaemorrhagiae, canicola, and arboreae of pathogenic leptospira interrogans and serovar patoc of saprophytic l. biflexa were examined by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. a close antigenic relationship was found between the interrogans serovars, particularly between icterohaemorrhagiae and canicola. to a much lesser extent cross-reactions were found between interrogans serovars and patoc. comparison of three different antigenic preparations of icterohaemorrhagiae by tandem crossed imm ... | 1983 | 6879113 |
| growth, cultural characteristics, and antibacterial sensitivity of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo. | nutrient requirements of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo were investigated using a 1% bovine serum albumin (bsa) medium, supplemented separately with polysorbates (tweens) 80, 60, 40, 20, nh4cl, and vitamins thiamine and cyanocobalamin (vitamin b12). l. hardjo was tested in vitro against 30 antibacterial compounds incorporated into semisolid medium (0.2% agar) at 3 compound concentrations. growth was superior in polysorbate 80 (oleic acid rich) and polysorbate 40 (palmitic rich) media. a l ... | 1983 | 6884034 |
| the first new zealand isolation of leptospira interrogans serovar australis. | 1980 | 6928064 | |
| isolation of leptospira interrogans serovars tarassovi and pomona from dogs. | 1980 | 6933370 | |
| the use of a hardjo-pomona vaccine to prevent leptospiruria in cattle exposed to natural challenge with leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo. | 1980 | 6935554 | |
| the preliminary differentiation with factor sera of leptospira interrogans serovars hardjo and balcanica. | 1980 | 6936674 | |
| isolation of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo from sheep in new zealand. | 1980 | 6937814 | |
| experimental infection of sheep and cattle with leptospira interrogans serovar balcanica. | 1981 | 6940047 | |
| leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo vaccination against leptospira interrogans serovar balcanica infection. | 1981 | 6942338 | |
| a trivalent leptospiral vaccine with emphasis on a leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo component to prevent leptospiruria. | 1980 | 6945516 | |
| leptospira interrogans serovar balcanica in cattle. | 1980 | 6945519 | |
| movement of antibody-coated latex beads attached to the spirochete leptospira interrogans. | antibody-coated latex beads (ab-beads) were attached to leptospira interrogans serovars illini 3055 and icterohaemorrhagiae sc1157. the movement of the ab-beads relative to the motion of the cells was observed by direct darkfield microscopy or was recorded on videotape. when the ab-beads were attached to the front end of motile cells, the ab-beads were displaced towards the back end of the cells. when the cells reversed direction, the ab-beads also reversed direction. a number of hypotheses were ... | 1981 | 6947280 |
| experimental infection of the possum (trichosurus vulpecula) with leptospira interrogans serovar balcanica. i. characteristics of infection. | 1981 | 6948232 | |
| experimental infection of the possum (trichosurus vulpecula) with leptospira interrogans serovar balcanica. ii. a comparison of laboratory techniques for the detection of leptospiraemia and leptospiruria. | 1981 | 6951120 | |
| leptospirosis of pig farmers: the results of a serological survey. | serum samples were examined from 70 people working or resident on 41 pig farms within a 50 km radius of palmerston north. of the 65 people with occupational pig contact, 20 (31 percent) had microscopic agglutination titres of 1:24 or greater to one or more serovars of leptospira interrogans, the majority of which were to pomona, the pid adapted serovar. there were significant positive associations between those people with a titre and those with a history of previous diagnosis of leptospirosis b ... | 1982 | 6954386 |
| the occupational hazards of leptospirosis in the meat industry. | the sera from 1215 meat inspectors and 1248 meat workers were examined for the presence of agglutinating titres of 1:24 or greater to the serovars of leptospira interrogans known to be endemic in new zealand. although 10 percent of meat inspectors and 6.2 percent of meat workers were seropositive, only 9.5 percent of meat inspectors and 4.1 percent of meat workers had titres compatible with occupational exposure to domestic stock. the subgroup of meat workers with the highest prevalence of agglu ... | 1982 | 6955684 |
| maturation of humoral immune response determines the susceptibility of guinea-pigs to leptospirosis. | baby guinea-pigs were susceptible to infection with leptospira interrogans serovar pomona, but rapidly became resistant as they matured. increased resistance with increasing weight of guinea-pigs was correlated with the development of ability to produce agglutinating antibodies to leptospires and with maturation of b-cell dependent (but not t-cell dependent) areas in lymphoid organs. these observations can explain the basis of species-resistance of adult guinea-pigs to infection with serovar pom ... | 1980 | 6970358 |
| distribution of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase activities among treponema pallidum and other spirochetes. | representative members of spirochaetales were surveyed for their content of superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase, and peroxidase activities. only leptospira exhibited peroxidase activity. obligately anaerobic cultivable treponema and spirochaeta possessed no sod or peroxidative capabilities. upon polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, spirochaeta aurantia, borrelia hermsi, and five leptospira biflexa serovars showed sod activity associated with one electrophoretic band which was inhibited by h2o2, ... | 1981 | 7024127 |
| a review of selected references dealing with leptospira interrogans serovar (serotype) hardjo. | 1980 | 7031674 | |
| the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) as a serological test for detecting antibodies against leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo in sheep. | the enzyme-liked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was compared with the standard microscopic agglutination test (mat) as a method for detecting antibodies against leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo in sheep. peak antibody levels detected by the 2 tests occurred at different times following experimental infection of sheep. in serums from flocks of sheep with naturally acquired infection there was a 95% correlation between mat and elisa with respect to the presence or absence of antibody to serovar ... | 1981 | 7034708 |
| bacteriological survey of leptospirosis in zaria, nigeria. | a total of 252 rodents were trapped in the environs of ahmadu bello university, zaria, over a two-year period, of which 221 were brown field rats (arvicanthus niloticus). only these were found positive (4.5%). titers were detected against leptospira interrogans, serovars australis, icterohaemorrhagiae, tarassovi and hardjo. all positive sera except one reacted against a single serovar. eight isolates were obtained from field rats: five were serovar australis, one ballum and two unidentified. fiv ... | 1982 | 7043824 |
| hemostatic changes in dogs with experimental leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae infection. | 1982 | 7091860 | |
| isolations of leptospira interrogans serovars hardjo, balcanica, and pomona from cattle at slaughter. | kidneys were cultured for leptospires and blood was collected for leptospiral serologic examination from 306 cattle slaughtered in florida during june, july, and august 1980. leptospires were found in 82(36%) of 226 otherwise bacterial-free cultures. forty-five isolates were identified as leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo, 3 as serovar balcanica, and 3 as serovar pomona. leptospiral antibodies were found in 218 (71%) of the cattle. serum titers to hardjo were found in 162 cattle (53%) and to ... | 1982 | 7103197 |
| evaluation of a hardjo-pomona vaccine to prevent leptospiruria in cattle exposed to a natural challenge with leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo. | the efficacy of a vaccine against leptospira interrogans serovar pomona and leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo was evaluated in a group of dairy heifers that were serologically negative at the time of vaccination and later subjected to natural challenge with l. interogans serovar hardjo. thirty-nine heifers were vaccinated twice, at a one-month interval, with a commercially prepared bivalent vaccine, while 43 unvaccinated heifers were used as controls. after vaccination, microscopic agglutina ... | 1982 | 7115235 |
| leptospira interrogans serovar pomona associated with abortion in cattle: isolation methods and laboratory animal histopathology. | leptospira interrogans serovar pomona was successfully isolated from cattle urine in the western transvaal after an abortion storm had occurred. direct inoculation of emjh medium proved the most successful method. the selective agent, 5-fluorouracil, was most effective in controlling contamination when used at the 0,4 mg/ml level. the strain isolated was pathogenic in hamsters, but specific lesions and the leptospirae were seen only where overwhelming infection occurred. | 1982 | 7122066 |
| isolation of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo from aborted bovine fetuses in england. | 1982 | 7123824 | |
| isolation of leptospira interrogans serovar muenchen from a sow with a history of abortion. | the isolation of leptospira interrogans serovar muenchen from a sow which aborted in the first third of pregnancy is described. isolation was achieved only in media containing a rabbit serum additive and identification was determined by cross-agglutination absorption. a high degree of cross-reactivity was found with reference antisera of the australis serogroup. serovar muenchen has not previously been reported in animals and may be responsible for a proportion of the titres to antigens of the a ... | 1982 | 7123827 |
| the sensitivities of different immunoassays for detecting leptospiral antigen. | the detection of leptospiral antigen in biological fluids is important for the diagnosis of leptospirosis in animals and man. however the sensitivity of dark field microscopy, the usual detection method, is often inadequate. a comparison was made between the sensitivities of several immunological techniques for detecting leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo. by staphylococcal coagglutination 10(8) leptospires per ml could be detected and by countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis 10(7) per ml. the ... | 1982 | 7136355 |
| production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to lipopolysaccharide antigen of leptospira interrogans serovar kremastos and canicola. | monoclonal antibodies to leptospira interrogans were provided by cell fusions between a myeloma cell line, p3/x63-ag8.653, and spleen cells of balb/c mice immunized with two different leptospiral lipopolysaccharide antigens. one antigen was prepared from leptospira interrogans serovar kremastos strain kyoto and the other from serovar canicola strain hond utrecht iv. eighteen hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies to the former organisms and five hybridoma cell lines secreting monoc ... | 1982 | 7136356 |
| development of a modified live, canine origin parvovirus vaccine. | a modified live, canine origin parvovirus vaccine was tested for safety, efficacy, and clinical performance. the vaccine protected dogs from challenge of immunity with canine parvovirus (cpv) that caused clinical illness in all nonvaccinated dogs. vaccinates all developed cpv serum neutralization antibody titers, with a mean value of 1,664. challenge virus was not isolated from vaccinates, but feces from nonvaccinated dogs were cpv-positive for up to 4 days following challenge. in a pathogenicit ... | 1982 | 7141990 |
| evidence that leptospiral lipopolysaccharide is not an important protective antigen. | cba/n mice, which could not produce antibodies against lipopolysaccharide (lps) from either escherichia coli or leptospira interrogans serovar pomona, produced levels of agglutinating antibodies against leptospires similar to those produced by immunologically normal cba mice. cba/n mice were thus resistant to acute leptospiral infection and cba/n immune serum passively protected immunosuppressed mice from infection. the results suggest that antibodies against lps are not important in protection ... | 1982 | 7143431 |
| the prevalence of antibodies to serovars of leptospira interrogans in horses. | 1982 | 7150126 | |
| protection of pregnant swine by vaccination against leptospira infection. | the protection conferred on pregnant gilts by 2 commercially available leptospira interrogans serovars pomona and tarassovi bacterins was evaluated. gilts vaccinated either 3, 6 or 12 months prior to natural challenge with l. interrogans serovar pomona had significantly lower abortion rates (2% vs 69%) and foetal mortality rates (14% vs 57%) than unvaccinated controls. one vaccine was significantly superior to the other and contained approximately twice the number of l. interrogans serovar pomon ... | 1982 | 7150130 |
| prevalence of leptospiral titres in normal horses. | serum samples were collected from 479 clinically normal horses from 11 different locations in queensland. using a microscopic agglutination test, 157 serums (33%) reacted to one or more serovars of leptospira interrogans at a minimum serum dilution of 1/30. the prevalences of reactors among all horses to the serovars tested were pomona 30.5% icterohaemorrhagiae 23.9%, tarassovi 18.8%, hardjo 12.2%, canicola 8.6%, grippotyphosa 3.6%, and australis 2%. there was a significantly higher prevalence o ... | 1982 | 7159313 |
| bovine igm and igg response to leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo as measured by enzyme immunoassay. | the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used to detect specific igg and igg antibodies in the sera of cattle infected or immunized with leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo. igm appeared first but was quickly followed by igg which persisted longer than igm. the levels of antibody detectable by elisa and by the microscopic agglutination test (mat) did not correlate, suggesting that the two techniques measured different antigen--antibody systems. the transient nature of the igm response ... | 1982 | 7168135 |
| serologic survey for certain zoonotic diseases in black bears in california. | black bears (ursus americanus) from 3 geographic areas of california were tested for antibodies against agents of 6 zoonotic diseases: toxoplasmosis (indirect hemagglutination), q fever (microagglutination), trichinosis (latex particle agglutination), botulism (passive hemagglutination), leptospirosis (plate agglutination), and plague (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). of 149 sera tested, 40 (27%) were positive for toxoplasma gondii antibodies and 25 (17%) had antibodies against coxiella burne ... | 1982 | 7174445 |
| immunogenicity of leptospiral vaccines grown in protein-free medium. | leptospira interrogans serovars pomona and hardjo were adapted to grow in a chemically-defined, protein-free (pf) medium. formolised monovalent vaccines of serovars pomona and hardjo and a bivalent mixture of the two were prepared from pf cultures. live pf cultures and the vaccine preparations retained their agglutinating antigens and their immunogenicity when tested in rabbits and guinea-pigs. the vaccines were not pyrogenic and dermal reactions were slight. | 1982 | 7175917 |
| presence of vi antigen in a virulent strain of leptospira interrogans serovar pomona and relation of vi antigens of leptospiras to resistance to leptospiricidal activity mediated by antiserum plus complement. | vi antigen was found in a virulent strain of leptospira interrogans serovar pomona. the presence of vi antigen was shown by the agglutinin-absorption and precipitin-absorption tests. each strain of pomona and copenhageni which possessed vi antigen and was resistant to the leptospiricidal activity mediated by the antiserum plus complement lost vi antigen and became susceptible to the leptospiricidal activity when cultured in the presence of 8-azaguanine. the strains thus treated with 8-azaguanine ... | 1982 | 7180239 |
| in vitro effect of leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae on human mononuclear leukocytes: comparison of virulent with non virulent strain. | the in vitro effect of a virulent and a non virulent strain of leptospira interrogans serotype icterohaemorrhagiae on human peripheral mononuclear cells was investigated. after addition of bacteria to citrated whole blood the production of mononuclear cell procoagulant activity (tissue factor) was observed. indeed mononuclear cells isolated from whole blood-bacteria mixtures after prolonged incubation shortened the recalcification time of normal plasma. the virulent strain induced a significantl ... | 1982 | 7187349 |
| immunogenicity of boiled compared with formalized leptospiral vaccines in rabbits, hamsters and humans. | leptospires (leptospira interrogans serovar pomona) grown in chemically defined medium were immunogenic when given intradermally in humans if the leptospires were killed with formalin but not if they were boiled. boiled leptospires were immunogenic for rabbits and hamsters and protected hamsters from challenge infection. on the other hand, boiled leptospires of the biflexa complex, serovar patoc, did retain some immunogenicity in humans, but the antisera did not protect hamsters against challeng ... | 1980 | 7188698 |
| fatal hemolytic disease in sheep attributed to leptospira interrogans serotype hardjo infection. | an outbreak of acute hemolytic disease in a large flock of sheep resulted in a mortality of approximately 5% in lambs. a diagnosis of leptospira interrogans serotype hardjo infection was established on the basis of the presence of leptospires in the urine of one lamb, serologic findings in a guinea pig inoculated with this urine, l. hardjo titers in lambs, and pathologic findings. prominent necropsy findings included severe icterus, thin watery blood, dark red to black kidneys and severe hemoglo ... | 1981 | 7194169 |
| correlation of virulence, susceptibility to leptospiricidal activity test mediated by antiserum plus complement and colonial morphology of five lines of a strain of leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni. | correlation of virulence, susceptibility to leptospiricidal activity test mediated by antiserum plus complement (lat) and colonial morphology was investigated using five lines of leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni shibaura. line no. 2, a moderately virulent strain, passaged in guinea pigs for 24 successive times caused occasional death of guinea pigs. leptospiras recovered from deceased animals were characterized by decreased susceptibility to lat and predominance of hazy colonies upon c ... | 1981 | 7200304 |
| immunogenicity and humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to leptospiral whole cell, outer envelope, and protoplasmic cylinder vaccines in hamsters and dogs. | the immunogenicity of 2 leptospiral cell structural components, the outer envelope (oe) and protoplasmic cylinder (pc), as well as the leptospire whole cell (wc), was compared in hamsters and dogs. the 50% protective dose for hamsters against death (pd50d) and kidney infection (pd50k) was evaluated for leptospira interrogans serovars canicola, icterohaemorrhagiae, pomona, and grippotyphosa. all 3 immunogens had similar pd50d values. however, the pd50k values for oe and wc vaccines ranged from 0. ... | 1982 | 7201285 |