Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| seroprevalence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato infection in blood donors and park rangers in relation to local habitat. | serum samples were obtained from blood donors in eleven selected locations in ireland and tested for antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi s.l. by enzyme immunoassay (eia) and immunoblot (ib). the highest seroprevalence (8.7%) was found in portumna, an area rated as high risk because of the presence of public access woodland harbouring both ticks and spirochaete reservoir hosts. the lowest seroprevalence (0.0%) was found in ballina, an area where there is no suitable woodland though ticks are commo ... | 1998 | 9809409 |
| [the presence of antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi associated with immunologic complexes in sera of foresters]. | binding of antibodies specific to borrelia burgdorferi in circulating immune complexes can lead to false negative results in serological tests. the aim of our study was to determine the presence of igm antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi bound in immune complexes in 52 sera of foresters the national park in karkonosze. free and bound in immune complexes igm antibodies present in 6 (11.5%) examined sera. in 24 (46.2%) seronegative sera after dissociation of immune complexes igm antibodies to spiro ... | 1998 | 9857619 |
| search for bacteriophages spontaneously occurring in cultures of haemolytic intestinal spirochaetes of human and animal origin. | an electron microscopic survey of the occurrence of bacteriophages which appear spontaneously in cultures of haemolytic intestinal spirochaetes of human and animal origin was made. excluding one isometric tailed phage particle which was observed in the form of free particle in proximity to a spirochaete of the w beta his strain hrm18, bacteriophages were never observed while examining cells of 21 weakly beta-haemolytic human intestinal spirochaetes (w beta his), swine serpulina pilosicoli strain ... | 1998 | 9871329 |
| spirochaete-like swimming mode of campylobacter jejuni in a viscous environment. | the swimming patterns of campylobacter jejuni in environments of low and high viscosity were examined by a video tracking method. in media of low viscosity, c. jejuni swam with an average velocity of 39.3 microm/s with frequent changes in direction. the velocity of c. jejuni increased in a medium at a little higher viscosity than that of a low viscosity buffer. in addition to this, c. jejuni showed a second increase of velocity in media of a high viscosity of about 40 centipoise. the swimming pa ... | 1998 | 9879971 |
| borrelia burgdorferi erpt expression in the arthropod vector and murine host. | the expression of a borrelia burgdorferi gene, erpt, was investigated throughout the spirochaete life cycle in the arthropod vector and the murine host. three phage clones from a b. burgdorferi dna expression library synthesized a 30 kda antigen that was recognized by antibodies in the sera of b. burgdorferi-infected mice but not mice hyperimmunized with b. burgdorferi lysates. differential antibody binding suggested that this protein was preferentially expressed in vivo. this antigen was design ... | 1999 | 9987129 |
| treponema brennaborense sp. nov., a novel spirochaete isolated from a dairy cow suffering from digital dermatitis. | a novel treponema species was isolated from an ulcerative lesion of a cow suffering from digital dermatitis (dd), a disease which causes painful ulcerations along the coronary band. among other anaerobic bacteria, high numbers of spirochaetes have been regularly found in dd lesions. here data are presented of a spirochaete isolated from a dd ulcer. by chemotaxonomy, protein analysis and comparative 16s rdna sequence analysis this isolate was classified as a treponeme that differed from all trepo ... | 1999 | 10028246 |
| [progressive sensorineural hearing loss from infectious agents]. | the progressive sensorineural hearing loss due to infectious causes can involve different etiological agents like bacteria, viruses, protozoons or mycetes. these infectious agents can act in various ways: directly through a labyrinthitis that may destroy the neuroepithelium; through an ischaemic process secondary to a septic embolus; or through a thrombus. in some cases the damage can occur in a meningitis context, because of the passage of the germ in the inner through the nerves, the vases or ... | 1998 | 10205933 |
| diaphragmatic paralysis due to lyme disease. | lyme disease is a tick-borne spirochaete infection which, in a proportion of patients, can lead to neuropathy. this article describes a case of diaphragmatic paralysis due to lyme disease. a 39-yr-old male presented to the hospital because of an acute left facial palsy. six weeks prior to admission he had developed a circular rash on his left flank during a camping holiday. he also complained of shortness of breath and arthralgia for 1 week. his chest radiograph demonstrated a raised right hemi- ... | 1999 | 10232450 |
| lichen sclerosus. | lichen sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that causes substantial discomfort and morbidity, most commonly in adult women, but also in men and children. any skin site may be affected (and, rarely, the oral mucosa) but lichen sclerosus is most common in the anogenital area, where it causes intractable itching and soreness. in children, the disorder may be confused with changes seen in sexual abuse. progression to destructive scarring is common. there is increased risk of developing v ... | 1999 | 10348006 |
| [the diagnosis of swine dysentery and spirochaete diarrhea. 1. cultural-biochemical differentiation of intestinal serpulina in routine diagnosis]. | frequent incidence of serpulina strains showing all cultural and biochemical characteristics of serpulina (s.) hyodysenteriae except of being indole negative, and alpha-galactosidase positive isolates showing strong haemolysis on columbia agar with 5% sheep blood and trypticase soy agar with 5% ox blood, respectively, was the cause to evaluate common biochemical and cultural methods in serpulina routine diagnostics. to this purpose ten type and reference strains as well as 47 field strains were ... | 1999 | 10379101 |
| differentiation of serpulina species by nadh oxidase gene (nox) sequence comparisons and nox-based polymerase chain reaction tests. | the nadh oxidase genes (nox) of 18 strains of intestinal spirochaetes were partially sequenced over 1246 bases. strains examined included 17 representatives from six species of the genus serpulina, and the type strain 513a(t) of the human intestinal spirochaete brachyspira aalborgi. sequences were aligned and used to investigate phylogenetic relationships between the organisms. nox sequence identities between strains within the genus serpulina were within the range 86.3-100%, whilst the nox gene ... | 1999 | 10392777 |
| mixed infection by tick-borne encephalitis virus and borrelia in ticks. | to investigate the relationships between tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus and the bacterial spirochaete borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in vectors with mixed infections, unfed adult ixodes persulcatus ticks were collected by flagging from vegetation in southern-taiga forests of the pre-urals region of russia where both infections circulate sympatrically. prevalences of tbe and borrelia infections in a total of 4234 ticks were compared over 5 years. no significant differences were revealed bet ... | 1999 | 10484167 |
| analysis of serpulina hyodysenteriae strain variation and its molecular epidemiology using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. | pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) was applied as a molecular typing tool for the spirochaete serpulina hyodysenteriae, the agent of swine dysentery. analysis of a collection of 40 mainly australian isolates, previously characterized by other methods, divided these into 23 pfge types. this confirmed that there are many strains of the spirochaete in australia. pfge was more discriminatory for strain typing than both multilocus enzyme electrophoresis and serotyping. it had similar discriminat ... | 1999 | 10487649 |
| an unusual helical micro-organism found in the gut lumen of human subjects. | an earlier report described the discovery of a micro-organism in the form of a double helix in human small bowel biopsies. mucosal biopsies of the stomach and small bowel obtained from patients with rheumatic diseases and dyspepsia by enteroscopy and gastroscopy were fixed for scanning electron microscopy to investigate the organism further. in 62% of biopsies, an organism in the form of a double helix with bifid ends, 5-30 microm long, was found lying free on the surface of the mucosa. the orga ... | 1999 | 10509484 |
| lipo-oligosaccharide profiles of serpulina pilosicoli strains and their serological cross-reactivities. | the purpose of this study was to determine the presence of lipopolysaccharide-like material in the intestinal spirochaete serpulina pilosicoli and the extent of antigenic cross-reactivity of this material in different strains of the species. hot water-phenol, aqueous-phase extracts from five porcine and three human strains of s. pilosicoli, and from seven strains of four other serpulina spp., were separated by sds-page and silver-stained profiles were obtained. all s. pilosicoli strains had a pr ... | 1999 | 10509486 |
| treponema lecithinolyticum sp. nov., a small saccharolytic spirochaete with phospholipase a and c activities associated with periodontal diseases. | strong phospholipase a (pla) and phospholipase c (plc) activities as potential virulence factors are the outstanding characteristics of eight strains of small oral spirochaetes isolated from deep periodontal lesions. by qualitative dot-blot dna-dna hybridization and 16s rdna sequence comparison, these spirochaetes form a distinct phylogenetic group, with treponema maltophilum as its closest cultivable relative. growth of these treponemes, cells of which contain two endoflagella, one at each pole ... | 1999 | 10555310 |
| successful in vitro cultivation of borrelia duttonii and its comparison with borrelia recurrentis. | borrelia duttonii, the cause of east african tick-borne relapsing fever, has until now been refractory to growth in laboratory media. this spirochaete has only be propagated in mice or by tissue culture, restricting both yield and purity of cells available for research. the successful isolation of five clinical isolates of b. duttonii from patients in central tanzania and their comparison with borrelia recurrentis is reported. electron microscopy revealed spirochaetal cells with pointed ends, a ... | 1999 | 10555362 |
| phylogenetic relationships of symbiotic spirochetes in the gut of diverse termites. | phylogenetic relationships of symbiotic spirochetes in the gut of diverse termites were analyzed without cultivation of these microorganisms. a portion of the 16s rdna (ca. 850 bp) was amplified directly from dna of the mixed population in the gut by pcr and cloned. a total of 30 spirochetal phylotypes affiliated with the treponemes were identified from four termite species and they were compared with those already reported from other termites. they represented separate lines of descent from any ... | 1999 | 10564797 |
| mitochondrial dna sequence variation in ixodes pacificus (acari: ixodidae). | the western black-legged tick, ixodes pacificus, is a primary vector of the spirochaete, borrelia burgdorferi, that causes lyme disease. we used variation in a 355-bp dna portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase iii gene to assess the population structure of the tick across its range from british columbia to southern california and east to utah. ixodes pacificus showed considerable haplotype diversity despite low nucleotide diversity. maximum parsimony and isolation-by-distance analyses r ... | 1999 | 10583539 |
| borrelia burgdorferi induces matrix metalloproteinases by neural cultures. | matrix metalloproteinases (mmps) are associated with chronic neurologic diseases such as multiple sclerosis and senile dementia. lyme disease is a multisystemic infection involving the nervous system, skin, joints, and heart. neurologic manifestations of chronic lyme disease include encephalopathy and cranial and peripheral neuropathy. borrelia burgdorferi, the spirochaete causing lyme disease, has been cultured from the cerebrospinal fluid (csf), and b. burgdorferi dna is frequently detected in ... | 1999 | 10583909 |
| phosphofructokinase activities within the order spirochaetales and the characterisation of the pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase from spirochaeta thermophila | the subtype of phosphofructokinase activity, either atp-, adp- or pyrophosphate-dependent, present in members of three genera from the spirochaetales was investigated. the individual species/strains examined included spirochaeta alkalica, s. asiatica, s. halophila, s. isovalerica, s. litoralis, s. zuelzerae, s. thermophila, two thermophilic spirochetes, treponema bryantii, t. denticola, paragraph signt. pectinovorum, leptospira biflexa and l. interrogans. all of the spirochaeta strains, regardle ... | 1999 | 10591850 |
| characterization of a candidate borrelia burgdorferi beta3-chain integrin ligand identified using a phage display library. | the spirochaetal agents of lyme disease, borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato) bind to integrins alphaiibbeta3, alphavbeta3 and alpha5beta1 in purified form and on the surfaces of human cells. using a phage display library of b. burgdorferi (sensu stricto) dna, a candidate ligand for beta3-chain integrins was identified. the native b. burgdorferi protein, termed p66, is known to be recognized by human lyme disease patient sera and to be expressed on the surface of the spirochaete. we show here that ... | 1999 | 10594819 |
| isolation and cultivation of a spirochaete from bovine digital dermatitis. | 1999 | 10596873 | |
| characterization of the leptospira interrogans s10-spc-alpha operon. | a ribosomal protein gene cluster from the spirochaete leptospira interrogans was characterized. this locus is homologous to the escherichia coli s10, spc, and alpha operons. analysis of l. interrogans rna showed that the ribosomal protein genes within this cluster are co-transcribed, thus forming an operon. two transcription initiation sites were mapped by primer extension, upstream of fus, the first gene in this cluster, and sequences from this region provided promoter activity in e. coli. tran ... | 2000 | 10620683 |
| investigation of skin samples from red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in eastern brandenburg (germany) for the detection of borrelia burgdorferi s. l. | during earlier investigations a high prevalence of borrelia (b.) burgdorferi s. l. in unfed ixodes (i.) ricinus ticks in the federal state of brandenburg has been demonstrated. in the present study skin samples were obtained from 100 red foxes (vulpes vulpes) from the districts where the highest b. burgdorferi prevalences had previously been found (i.e. uckermark, barnim, märkisch-oderland, oder-spree). bsk- and mkp-medium including inhibitory substances were used for cultivation of spirochaetes ... | 1999 | 10652725 |
| evaluation of a 23s rdna polymerase chain reaction assay for identification of serpulina intermedia, and strain typing using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. | a polymerase chain reaction assay, amplifying a 1027 base pair portion of the 23s rdna gene, was evaluated for identification of the intestinal spirochaete serpulina intermedia. a total of 34 strains of s. intermedia isolated from pigs and chickens and 195 strains of other related species were tested. the optimised assay correctly identified all the s. intermedia strains, but generated 11 false positive reactions, giving a test sensitivity of 100% and a test specificity of 94.3%. the false posit ... | 2000 | 10665541 |
| aminoacyl-trna synthetases, the genetic code, and the evolutionary process. | the aminoacyl-trna synthetases (aarss) and their relationship to the genetic code are examined from the evolutionary perspective. despite a loose correlation between codon assignments and aars evolutionary relationships, the code is far too highly structured to have been ordered merely through the evolutionary wanderings of these enzymes. nevertheless, the aarss are very informative about the evolutionary process. examination of the phylogenetic trees for each of the aarss reveals the following. ... | 2000 | 10704480 |
| identification of borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, borrelia garinii and borrelia afzelii in ixodes ricinus ticks from southern bohemia using monoclonal antibodies. | the prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) in 761 ixodes ricinus ticks collected in different localities of southern bohemia was investigated. the minimum infection rate of nymphs, males and females as determined by dark-field microscopy was 4.8% in 1997. the total b. burgdorferi prevalence determined in ticks in 1998 was 11.04%. a significant local variability of the prevalence of b. burgdorferi was not found. nine isolates were identified at a genospecies level by immunoblotting ... | 2000 | 10705611 |
| a flagellar gene cluster from the oral spirochaete treponema maltophilum. | a flagellar gene cluster from the oral spirochaete treponema maltophilum atcc 51939t was cloned. sequence analysis revealed six putative orfs, two of which encode the flagellar subunit proteins flab2 (286 aa) and flab3 (285 aa). northern blot analysis revealed two flagellin transcripts with the expected size of monocistronic mrnas. sequence analysis and primer extension experiments indicated that the transcription of the flab2 gene is directed by a sigma28-like flia factor. using flia and flia+ ... | 2000 | 10708388 |
| spirochaeta aurantia has diacetyl chloramphenicol esterase activity. | the free-living spirochete spirochaeta aurantia was nearly as susceptible to diacetyl chloramphenicol, the product of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, as it was to chloramphenicol itself. this unexpected susceptibility to diacetyl chloramphenicol was wholly or partly the consequence of intrinsic carboxylesterase activity, as indicated by high-performance liquid chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, and microbiological assays. the esterase converted the diacetate to chloramphenicol, thus i ... | 2000 | 10714999 |
| adjuvanted lyme disease vaccine: a review of its use in the management of lyme disease. | lyme disease is a potentially serious infection which is caused by the spirochaete borrelia burgdorferi and is endemic in certain areas of north america, europe and asia. lyme disease vaccine (lymerix) is an adjuvanted formulation of the outer surface protein a (ospa) of the causative spirochaete. it acts by inducing high titres of anti-ospa antibodies (anti-ospa), which must be present in vaccinated individuals before exposure to b. burgdorferi to provide protection against lyme disease. lyme d ... | 2000 | 10730551 |
| influences of diet and vaccination on colonisation of pigs by the intestinal spirochaete brachyspira (serpulina) pilosicoli. | the purpose of this study was to determine whether methods used to control swine dysentery (sd), caused by the intestinal spirochaete brachyspira (serpulina) hyodysenteriae, would also be effective in controlling porcine intestinal spirochaetosis (pis) caused by the related spirochaete brachyspira (serpulina) pilosicoli. weaner pigs in groups i (n=8) and ii (n=6) received a standard weaner pig diet based on wheat and lupins, whilst group iii (n=6) received an experimental diet based on cooked wh ... | 2000 | 10731619 |
| leptospirosis - an under-diagnosed clinical condition. | leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by leptospiral spirochaete. two cases in children are described presenting with hepatorenal dysfunction. | 1999 | 10734345 |
| variable small protein (vsp)-dependent and vsp-independent pathways for glycosaminoglycan recognition by relapsing fever spirochaetes. | tick-borne relapsing fever, caused by pathogenic borrelia such as b. hermsii and b. turicatae, features recurrent episodes of bacteraemia, each of which is caused by a population of spirochaetes that expresses a different variable major protein. relapsing fever is also associated with the infection of a variety of tissues, such as the central nervous system. in this study, we show that glycosaminoglycans (gags) mediate the attachment of relapsing fever spirochaetes to mammalian cells. b. hermsii ... | 2000 | 10844676 |
| [clinical contribution to the knowledge of lyme disease. case reports]. | lyme disease (ld) is a well-recognized multi-system disorder, caused by the spirochaeta borrelia burgdorferi. it involves the skin, nervous system, joints and heart. our group reported the first case of lyme borreliosis in italy in 1985. italian group for lyme borreliosis has recently reported the epidemiology of lyme disease in italy. the epidemiological data seem to underestimate the prevalence of lyme arthritis in italy. the pattern of articular involvement is most often mono- or oligoarthrit ... | 2000 | 10858731 |
| the chimeric eukaryote: origin of the nucleus from the karyomastigont in amitochondriate protists. | we present a testable model for the origin of the nucleus, the membrane-bounded organelle that defines eukaryotes. a chimeric cell evolved via symbiogenesis by syntrophic merger between an archaebacterium and a eubacterium. the archaebacterium, a thermoacidophil resembling extant thermoplasma, generated hydrogen sulfide to protect the eubacterium, a heterotrophic swimmer comparable to spirochaeta or hollandina that oxidized sulfide to sulfur. selection pressure for speed swimming and oxygen avoi ... | 2000 | 10860956 |
| spirochaetal lipoproteins and pathogenesis. | 2000 | 10878114 | |
| detection of same sized 4.3 kb extrachromosomal dna elements in weakly beta-haemolytic human intestinal spirochaetes and serpulina pilosicoli of swine origin. | agarose gel electrophoresis of total dna from italian strains of weakly beta-haemolytic human intestinal spirochaetes (w beta his) and porcine serpulina pilosicoli reference strain p43/6/78 showed an extrachromosomal band having the same size and migrating at 4.3 kb. the same results were observed after agarose gel electrophoresis of dna obtained from the supernatant fluids of the spirochaetal cultures analysed. swine serpulina hyodysenteriae reference strain p18a was comparatively analysed and ... | 2000 | 10946400 |
| identification of the gene encoding bmpb, a 30 kda outer envelope lipoprotein of brachyspira (serpulina) hyodysenteriae, and immunogenicity of recombinant bmpb in mice and pigs. | a gene encoding a 30kda outer envelope protein of the intestinal spirochaete brachyspira (serpulina) hyodysenteriae, was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli strain xlolr. five phagemids containing dna inserts encoding the protein were established and one clone (psha) was sequenced. an 816bp hypothetical open reading frame (orf) was identified, with a potential ribosome binding site (aggag), and putative -10 (tataat) and -35 (ttgaaa) promoter regions upstream from the atg start of the orf. a ... | 2000 | 10973699 |
| interdependence of environmental factors influencing reciprocal patterns of gene expression in virulent borrelia burgdorferi. | the paradigm for differential antigen expression in borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of lyme disease, is the reciprocal expression of its outer surface (lipo)proteins (osp) a and c; as b. burgdorferi transitions from its arthropod vector into mammalian tissue, ospc is upregulated, and ospa is downregulated. in the current study, using b. burgdorferi cultivated under varying conditions in bsk-h medium, we found that a decrease in ph, in conjunction with increases in temperature (e.g. 34 degrees c ... | 2000 | 10998177 |
| evaluation of blood culture systems for detection of the intestinal spirochaete brachyspira (serpulina) pilosicoli in human blood. | the anaerobic intestinal spirochaete brachyspira (serpulina) pilosicoli has been isolated from the bloodstream of french patients by manual blood culture systems. the purpose of this study was to determine whether the automated and manual blood culture systems used in australia are suitable for growth and detection of this organism. strains of b. pilosicoli were added to human blood to give concentrations ranging from 1 x 10(4) to 1 x 10(1) spirochaetes/ml and 10-ml volumes were inoculated into ... | 2000 | 11073157 |
| the spirochete flaa periplasmic flagellar sheath protein impacts flagellar helicity. | spirochete periplasmic flagella (pfs), including those from brachyspira (serpulina), spirochaeta, treponema, and leptospira spp., have a unique structure. in most spirochete species, the periplasmic flagellar filaments consist of a core of at least three proteins (flab1, flab2, and flab3) and a sheath protein (flaa). each of these proteins is encoded by a separate gene. using brachyspira hyodysenteriae as a model system for analyzing pf function by allelic exchange mutagenesis, we analyzed purif ... | 2000 | 11073915 |
| phylogenetic foundation of spirochetes. | the spirochetes are free-living or host-associated, helical bacteria, some of which are pathogenic to man and animal. comparisons of 16s rrna sequences demonstrate that the spirochetes represent a monophyletic phylum within the bacteria. the spirochetes are presently classified in the class spirochaetes in the order spirochetales and are divided into three major phylogenetic groupings, or families. the first family spirochaetaceae contains species of the genera borrelia, brevinema, cristispira, ... | 2000 | 11075904 |
| spirochete periplasmic flagella and motility. | spirochetes have a unique structure, and as a result their motility is different from that of other bacteria. they also have a special attribute: spirochetes can swim in a highly viscous, gel-like medium, such as that found in connective tissue, that inhibits the motility of most other bacteria. in spirochetes, the organelles for motility, the periplasmic flagella, reside inside the cell within the periplasmic space. a given periplasmic flagellum is attached only at one end of the cell, and depe ... | 2000 | 11075905 |
| microbial lipopeptides induce the production of il-17 in th cells. | naive th cells can be directed in vitro to develop into th1 or th2 cells by il-12 or il-4, respectively. in vivo, chronic immune reactions lead to polarized th cytokine patterns. we found earlier that borrelia burgdorferi, the spirochaete that causes lyme disease, induces th1 development in alpha beta tcr-transgenic th cells. here, we used tcr-transgenic th cells and oligonucleotide arrays to analyze the differences between th1 cells induced by il-12 vs those induced by b. burgdorferi. transgeni ... | 2000 | 11086043 |
| antigen-specific proliferation of porcine cd8alphaalpha cells to an extracellular bacterial pathogen. | a vaccine inducing protective immunity to a spirochaete-induced colitis of pigs predominantly stimulates expansion of cd8+ cells in vivo and in antigen-stimulated lymphocyte cultures. cd8+ cells, however, are rarely considered necessary for protection against extracellular bacterial pathogens. in the present study, pigs recovering from colitis resulting from experimental infection with brachyspira (serpulina) hyodysenteriae had increased percentages of peripheral blood cd4- cd8+ (alphaalpha-expr ... | 2000 | 11106936 |
| characterization of a novel spirochete associated with the hydrothermal vent polychaete annelid, alvinella pompejana. | a highly integrated, morphologically diverse bacterial community is associated with the dorsal surface of alvinella pompejana, a polychaetous annelid that inhabits active high-temperature deep-sea hydrothermal vent sites along the east pacific rise (epr). analysis of a previously prepared bacterial 16s ribosomal dna (rdna) library identified a spirochete most closely related to an endosymbiont of the oligochete olavius loisae. this spirochete phylotype (spirochete a) comprised only 2.2% of the 1 ... | 2001 | 11133434 |
| platelet activation by a relapsing fever spirochaete results in enhanced bacterium-platelet interaction via integrin alphaiibbeta3 activation. | borrelia hermsii, a spirochaete responsible for relapsing fever in humans, grows to high density in the bloodstream and causes thrombocytopenia. we show here that b. hermsii binds to human platelets. extended culture in bacteriological medium resulted in both diminished infectivity in vivo and diminished platelet binding in vitro. platelet binding was promoted by the platelet integrin alphaiibbeta3: the bacterium bound to purified integrin alphaiibbeta3, and bacterial binding to platelets was di ... | 2001 | 11136454 |
| taxonomy and virulence of oral spirochetes. | all oral spirochetes are classified in the genus treponema. this genus is in the family spirochaetaceae as in bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. other generic members of the family include spirochaeta, cristispira and borrelia. this conventional classification is in accord with phylogenetic analysis of the spirochetes based on 16s rrna cataloguing. the oral spirochetes fall naturally within the grouping of treponema. only four species of treponema have been cultivated and maintained rel ... | 2000 | 11155157 |
| the relapsing fever spirochaete, borrelia crocidurae, activates human endothelial cells and promotes the transendothelial migration of neutrophils. | the blood-borne, erythrocyte-aggregating borrelia crocidurae, the causative agent of african relapsing fever, have been shown to induce severe cellular lesions in mice. in this paper, we present the first report of how the endothelium is stimulated during an african relapsing fever b. crocidurae infection. b. crocidurae co-incubated with cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (huvecs) activated endothelium in such way that e-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (icam-1) became ... | 2000 | 11207611 |
| phylogenetic diversity of termite gut spirochaetes. | a molecular phylogenetic analysis was done of not-yet-cultured spirochaetes inhabiting the gut of the termite, reticulitermes flavipes (kollar). ninety-eight clones of near-full-length spirochaetal 16s rdna genes were classified by ardra pattern and by partial sequencing. all clones grouped within the genus treponema, and at least 21 new species of treponema were recognized within r. flavipes alone. analysis of 190 additional clones from guts of coptotermes formosanus shiraki and zootermopsis an ... | 1999 | 11207751 |
| inhibition of phosphofructokinases by copper(ii). | the biochemical inhibition by cu2+ on eight phylogenetically and biochemically different phosphofructokinases (pfks) was investigated. the enzymes screened included representatives from thermophilic and mesophilic bacteria, a hyperthermophilic archaeon and a eukaryote, covering all three phosphoryl donor subtypes (atp, adp and pyrophosphate). the sensitivities of the enzymes to cu2+ varied greatly, with the archaeal adp-pfk being the least and the eukaryote atp-pfk being the most sensitive. the ... | 2001 | 11287154 |
| induced maternal response to the lyme disease spirochaete borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in a colonial seabird, the kittiwake rissa tridactyla. | mothers are predicted to invest in their offspring depending on the quality of their mate, their opportunity to invest in future reproduction and the characteristics of the habitat in which their offspring will be born. recent studies have suggested a transfer of maternal immunity to offspring as an induced response to the local presence of parasites in the environment, but evidence has been indirect. here, we show the presence of antibodies against the lyme disease agent borrelia burgdorferi se ... | 2001 | 11297183 |
| pcr detection of brachyspira aalborgi and brachyspira pilosicoli in human faeces. | previously-developed pcr protocols specific for the 16s rrna gene of the intestinal spirochaetes brachyspira aalborgi and brachyspira pilosicoli were adapted for the detection of these species in human faeces, following dna extraction and purification using mini-prep columns. the limits of detection in seeded faeces for b. aalborgi and b. pilosicoli respectively were 2x10(2) and 7x10(3) cells per pcr reaction, equivalent to 5x10(4) and 1x10(5) cells per g of faeces. the pcr techniques were appli ... | 2001 | 11313130 |
| sequencing, high-level expression and phylogeny of the pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase from the thermophilic spirochete spirochaeta thermophila. | the full-length gene encoding a 554-amino-acid, active pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase from spirochaeta thermophila was cloned and sequenced using a combination of degenerate and inverse pcr, and the enzyme expressed to a high level in escherichia coli. the recombinant enzyme, with a calculated molecular mass of 61 kda, was purified to near homogeneity and found to be similar to the purified native enzyme for most properties examined. phylogenetic analysis demonstrated a close relati ... | 2001 | 11382227 |
| discovery of the causative organism of weil's disease: historical view. | on january 20, 1915, inada and ido announced the discovery of the causative agent of weil's disease. subsequently, on february 13, 1915, they published the first paper on the discovery of the causative organism (a new species of spirochaeta) of weil's disease. besides discovering the causative organism of the disease, inada and colleagues clarified the pure culture in medium, and determined the source and route of the infection, its pathology and morbid anatomy; the distribution of the organism ... | 2001 | 11406751 |
| treponema parvum sp. nov., a small, glucoronic or galacturonic acid-dependent oral spirochaete from lesions of human periodontitis and acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. | small oral spirochaetes with a strict dependence on either glucuronic acid (glua) or galacturonic acid (gala) were isolated from european patients with periodontitis and from chinese patients with either gingivitis or acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (anug). thirteen such isolates were similar phenotypically to treponema pectinovorum atcc 33768t and this classification was confirmed by 16s rrna sequencing. however, four isolates differed from t. pectinovorum by their small cell size, by a ... | 2001 | 11411720 |
| nitrogen fixation by symbiotic and free-living spirochetes. | spirochetes from termite hindguts and freshwater sediments possessed homologs of a nitrogenase gene (nifh) and exhibited nitrogenase activity, a previously unrecognized metabolic capability in spirochetes. fixation of 15-dinitrogen was demonstrated with termite gut treponema zas-9 and free-living spirochaeta aurantia. homologs of nifh were also present in human oral and bovine ruminal treponemes. results implicate spirochetes in the nitrogen nutrition of termites, whose food is typically low in ... | 2001 | 11431569 |
| tubulinlike protein from spirochaeta bajacaliforniensis. | tubulin proteins are the fundamental subunits of all polymeric microtubule-based eukaryotic structures. long, hollow structures each composed of 13 protofilaments as revealed by electron microscopy, microtubules (240 angstroms in diameter) are nearly ubiquitous in eukaryotes. these proteins have been the subject of intense biochemical and biophysical interest since the early 1970s and are of evolutionary interest as well. if tubulin-based structures (i.e., neurotubules, mitotic spindle tubule ... | 1987 | 11536578 |
| tubulinlike protein from spirochaeta bajacaliforniensis. | tubulin proteins are the fundamental subunits of all polymeric microtubule-based eukaryotic structures. long, hollow structures each composed of 13 protofilaments as revealed by electron microscopy, microtubules (240 angstroms in diameter) are nearly ubiquitous in eukaryotes. these proteins have been the subject of intense biochemical and biophyiscal interest since the early 1970s and are of evolutionary interest as well. if tubulin-based structures (i.e., neurotubules, mitotic spindle tubule ... | 1987 | 11536579 |
| mobilifilum chasei: morphology and ecology of a spirochete from an intertidal stratified microbial mat community. | spirochetes were found in the lower anoxiphototrophic layer of a stratified microbial mat (north pond, laguna figueroa, baja california, mexico). ultra-structural analysis of thin sections of field samples revealed spirochetes approximately 0.25 micrometer in diameter with 10 or more periplasmic flagella, leading to the interpretation that these spirochetes bear 10 flagellar insertions on each end. morphometric study showed these free-living spirochetes greatly resemble certain symbiotic ones, ... | 1990 | 11538692 |
| spirochaeta bajacaliforniensis sp. n. from a microbial mat community at laguna figueroa, baja california norte, mexico. | a new anaerobic spirochete was isolated from anaerobic muds beneath the laminated sediment in the evaporite flat at laguna figueroa, baja california norte, mexico. the organism is a member of the stratified microbial community involved in the deposition of the laminated sediments in the lagoon. the size of the spirochete is 0.3 by 30 micrometers, with a wave amplitude of 0.5 micrometer and a wavelength of 1.25 micrometers. the periplasmic flagella have a 1-2-1 arrangement. the outer membrane ... | 1985 | 11542001 |
| characterization of novel human oral isolates and cloned 16s rdna sequences that fall in the family coriobacteriaceae: description of olsenella gen. nov., reclassification of lactobacillus uli as olsenella uli comb. nov. and description of olsenella profusa sp. nov. | the diversity of organisms present in the subgingival pockets of patients with periodontitis and acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (anug) were examined previously. the 16s rrna genes of subgingival plaque bacteria were amplified using pcr with a universal forward primer and a spirochaete-selective reverse primer. the amplified dna was cloned into escherichia coli. in one subject with anug, 70 clones were sequenced. seventy-five per cent of the clones were spirochaetal, as expected. twelve ... | 2001 | 11594611 |
| [paul ehrlich (1854-1915) and his contacts with east european physicians at the time of testing the first chemioterapeutics]. | among numerous scientific contacts which paul ehrlich had with foreign scientists information about his contacts with east european scientists is very limited. the communiqué will deal with some of the particulars concerning ehrlich's co-operation with physicians from east europe directly before the practical application of the chemioterapeutics among others he was in touch with the russians: georgi n. gabryczewski, alexander a. władimirow and a finn julius iversen. the contacts originated durin ... | 1996 | 11619177 |
| carriage of intestinal spirochaetes by humans: epidemiological data from western australia. | the purpose of this study was to investigate carriage of intestinal spirochaetes by selected population groups in western australia. stool specimens from 293 rural patients with gastrointestinal disorders, and from 227 healthy migrants from developing countries were cultured. spirochaete isolates were identified using pcr, and typed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge). brachyspira aalborgi was not isolated. brachyspira pilosicoli was recovered from 15 rural patients, all aboriginal. preva ... | 2001 | 11693517 |
| a portuguese isolate of borrelia lusitaniae induces disease in c3h/hen mice. | a low-passage, portuguese isolate of borrelia lusitaniae, strain potib2, was inoculated into c3h/hen mice and disease was monitored by histopathology at 8 weeks after spirochaete challenge. ear, heart, bladder, femoro-tibial joint, brain and spinal cord were examined. b. lusitaniae strain potib2 (6 of 10 mice) and b. burgdorferi sensu stricto strain n40 (9 of 10 mice) induced similar lesions in the bladder of infected mice characterised as a multifocal, lymphoid, interstitial cystitis. moreover, ... | 2001 | 11761189 |
| isolation and characterisation of a novel spirochaete from severe virulent ovine foot rot. | a novel spirochaete was isolated from a case of severe virulent ovine foot rot (svofr) by immunomagnetic separation with beads coated with polyclonal anti-treponemal antisera and prolonged anaerobic broth culture. the as yet unnamed treponeme differs considerably from the only other spirochaete isolated from ovine foot rot as regards morphology, enzymic profile and 16s rdna sequence. on the basis of 16s rdna, it was most closely related to another unnamed spirochaete isolated from cases of bovin ... | 2001 | 11761190 |
| host association of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato--the key role of host complement. | borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.), the tick-borne agent of lyme borreliosis, is a bacterial species complex comprising 11 genospecies. here, we discuss whether the delineation of genospecies is ecologically relevant. we provide evidence that b. burgdorferi s.l. is structured ecologically into distinct clusters that are host specific. an immunological model for niche adaptation is proposed that suggests the operation of complement-mediated selection in the midgut of the feeding tick. we conc ... | 2002 | 11827808 |
| prevalence of brachyspira pilosicoli in korean pigs, determined using a nested pcr. | 2002 | 11878441 | |
| dietary enzyme and zinc bacitracin reduce colonisation of layer hens by the intestinal spirochaete brachyspira intermedia. | brachyspira intermedia strain hb60 was used to experimentally infect 40 individually caged 22-week-old laying hens. another 10 control birds were sham-inoculated with sterile broth. all chickens received an experimental layer diet based on wheat. the infected birds were randomly divided into four groups of 10, with the diet for each group containing either 50 ppm zinc bacitracin (znb), 100 ppm znb, 256 ppm of dietary enzyme (avizyme), 1302), or no additive. birds were kept for 6 weeks after infe ... | 2002 | 11955785 |
| [rheumatologic manifestations of lyme borreliosis]. | purpose: lyme borreliosis is a multisystemic infection caused by the spirochaete borrelia burgdorferi. in european endemic areas like northeast france, articular manifestations are, after neuroborreliosis, the most frequent extra-cutaneous features observed. among the pathogenic species of borrelia, borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto is the most frequently identified during lyme arthritis, but others species also seem to be involved. current knowledge and key points: the diagnosis of lyme arthri ... | 2002 | 11980314 |
| identification of loci critical for replication and compatibility of a borrelia burgdorferi cp32 plasmid and use of a cp32-based shuttle vector for the expression of fluorescent reporters in the lyme disease spirochaete. | the 32kb circular plasmid (cp32) family of borrelia burgdorferi has been the subject of intensive investigation because its members encode numerous differentially expressed lipoproteins. as many as nine different cp32s appear to be capable of stable replication within a single spirochaete. here, we show that a construct (pce310) containing a 4 kb fragment from the putative maintenance region of a b. burgdorferi ca-11.2a cp32 was capable of autonomous replication in both high-passage b. burgdorfe ... | 2002 | 11985709 |
| interpreting 16s rdna t-rflp data: application of self-organizing maps and principal component analysis to describe community dynamics and convergence. | interpreting the large amount of data generated by rapid profiling techniques, such as t-rflp, dgge, and dna arrays, is a difficult problem facing microbial ecologists. this study compares the ability of two very different ordination methods, principal component analysis (pca) and self-organizing map neural networks (soms), to analyze 16s-dna terminal restriction-fragment length polymorphism (t-rflp) profiles from microbial communities in glucose-fed methanogenic bioreactors during startup and c ... | 2001 | 12024232 |
| coexistence dna of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and babesia microti in ixodes ricinus ticks from north-western poland. | the tick ixodes ricinus may carry microorganisms which cause serious human and animal diseases, i.a., the lyme disease (borreliosis), caused by the spirochaete borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and babesiosis, induced by the protozoan babesia microti. both microbe species may co-occur in the same and other species of the genus tick and produce a mixed infection in humans and animals. the major objective of the study was to identify dna of b. burgdorferi and b. microti in the i. ricinus ticks colle ... | 2002 | 12088393 |
| evaluation of large-intestinal parameters associated with dietary treatments designed to reduce the occurrence of swine dysentery. | diets containing soluble nsp (snsp) and resistant starch (rs) increase hindgut fermentation in pigs, which in turn increases the incidence of swine dysentery (sd) after infection with the intestinal spirochaete brachyspira hyodysenteriae. in the present study pigs were fed diets based on either wheat or sorghum, fed either raw or treated by extrusion, and/or with the addition of dietary enzymes to reduce rs and/or snsp content. the aim was to determine the effects of these treatments on pig perf ... | 2002 | 12144719 |
| conserved amplification of chemotactic responses through chemoreceptor interactions. | many bacteria concentrate their chemoreceptors at the cell poles. chemoreceptor location is important in escherichia coli, since chemosensory responses are sensitive to receptor proximity. it is not known, however, whether chemotaxis in other bacteria is similarly regulated. to investigate the importance of receptor-receptor interactions in other bacterial species, we synthesized saccharide-bearing multivalent ligands that are designed to cluster relevant chemoreceptors. as has been shown with e ... | 2002 | 12193613 |
| influence of in-feed zinc bacitracin and tiamulin treatment on experimental avian intestinal spirochaetosis caused by brachyspira intermedia. | thirty individually caged layer hens were inoculated with brachyspira intermedia, and 20 control birds remained unchallenged. birds received a diet containing 100 parts/10(6) zinc bacitracin (znb), and were monitored for 10 weeks. b. intermedia was recovered sporadically from five of the inoculated birds, and there were no significant effects on body weight, faecal water or egg production. znb was presumed to be indirectly inhibiting spirochaete growth, and when removed from the diet, 18 of the ... | 2002 | 12396352 |
| zinc bacitracin enhances colonization by the intestinal spirochaete brachyspira pilosicoli in experimentally infected layer hens. | brachyspira pilosicoli strain cpsp1 isolated from a chicken in a broiler breeder flock in queensland was used to experimentally infect 40 individually caged 22-week-old laying hens. another 10 birds were sham-inoculated with sterile broth. all chickens received a commercial layer diet, but 10 infected birds had 50 parts/10(6) zinc bacitracin (znb) incorporated in their food. birds were kept for 7 weeks, and faecal moisture, egg numbers, egg weights and body weights were recorded weekly. b. pilos ... | 2002 | 12396353 |
| evaluation of tiamulin and lincomycin for the treatment of broiler breeders experimentally infected with the intestinal spirochaete brachyspira pilosicoli. | brachyspira pilosicoli strain cpsp1 isolated from a chicken in a broiler breeder flock in queensland was used to experimentally infect 30 individually caged 22-week-old cobb 500 broiler breeder hens. another 10 birds were sham-inoculated with sterile broth. all birds failed to become colonized. at 29 weeks of age, all birds were transferred to a diet containing 50 parts/10(6) zinc bacitracin (znb) and were re-challenged with the same b. pilosicoli strain at 32 weeks of age, weekly for 5 weeks. t ... | 2002 | 12396354 |
| experimental infection of broiler breeder hens with the intestinal spirochaete brachyspira (serpulina) pilosicoli causes reduced egg production. | the pathogenic potential of the anaerobic intestinal spirochaetes brachyspira (serpulina) pilosicoli and brachyspira innocens was evaluated in adult chickens. thirty 17-week-old cobb broiler breeder hens were individually caged in three groups of 10 birds. control birds (group a) were sham inoculated with sterile broth medium. birds in the other two groups (groups b and c) were inoculated, respectively, with an isolate of b. innocens or of b. pilosicoli. birds were monitored daily, and killed at ... | 2002 | 12396362 |
| increasing the viscosity of the intestinal contents stimulates proliferation of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli and brachyspira pilosicoli in weaner pigs. | the present study was designed to evaluate the effect of increased viscosity of the intestinal digesta on proliferation of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli and the intestinal spirochaete brachyspira pilosicoli in weaned pigs. pigs were fed an experimental diet based on cooked white rice (r), which was supplemented with carboxymethylcellulose (cmc; 40 g/kg diet) to increase digesta viscosity. thirty-six piglets weaned at 21 d of age were divided into six groups, three of which were fed r and thre ... | 2002 | 12425733 |
| some relationships between spirochaete infections and digital dermatitis in four uk dairy herds. | digital dermatitis, presenting as a focal necrotic dermatitis on the skin of cows' feet adjacent to the interdigital space, has been associated with dermal infection by spirochaetes. lesions cause severe, transient lameness. an enzyme-linked immunoassay (elisa) was used to measure igg(2) antibody titres against three different spirochaetes: usa bovine treponema isolates 1-9185med and 2-1498, and a uk strain of borrelia burgdorferi b31. logistic models were used to describe lesion prevalence in t ... | 2002 | 12443678 |
| application of terminal rflp analysis to characterize oral bacterial flora in saliva of healthy subjects and patients with periodontitis. | terminal restriction fragment-length polymorphism (t-rflp) analysis was applied to characterize oral bacterial flora in saliva from 18 healthy subjects and 18 patients with periodontitis. the 16s rrna genes (rdnas) of oral bacteria and spirochaetes in saliva were amplified by pcr with a 6'carboxy-fluorescein (6-fam)-labelled universal forward primer (27f) and a universal reverse primer (1492r) or the spirochaeta-selective reverse primer. the 16s rdnas were digested with restriction enzymes with ... | 2003 | 12488570 |
| treponema denticola cystalysin exhibits significant alanine racemase activity accompanied by transamination: mechanistic implications. | to obtain information on the reaction specificity of cystalysin from the spirochaete bacterium treponema denticola, the interaction with l- and d-alanine has been investigated. binding of both alanine enantiomers leads to the appearance of an external aldimine absorbing at 429 nm and of a band absorbing at 498 nm, indicative of a quinonoid species. racemization and transamination reactions were observed to occur with both alanine isomers as substrates. the steady-state kinetic parameters for rac ... | 2003 | 12519070 |
| temporal regulation of outer surface proteins of the lyme-disease spirochaete borrelia burgdorferi. | in the 20 years since the first agent of lyme disease was discovered, much interest has focused on the possible biological roles of a few outer surface proteins (osps) in the alternating life cycle that includes ticks and vertebrate hosts. two major proteins, ospa and ospc, are differentially regulated by the spirochaete borrelia burgdorferi during the several days when ticks feed. the reciprocal decrease in ospa with the rapid up-regulation of ospc by the spirochaetes when ticks are feeding sug ... | 2003 | 12546665 |
| evolutionary implications of microbial genome tetranucleotide frequency biases. | we compared nucleotide usage pattern conservation for related prokaryotes by examining the representation of dna tetranucleotide combinations in 27 representative microbial genomes. for each of the organisms studied, tetranucleotide usage departures from expectations (tud) were shared between related organisms using both markov chain analysis and a zero-order markov method. individual strains, multiple chromosomes, plasmids, and bacteriophages share tuds within a species. tuds varied between cod ... | 2003 | 12566393 |
| adaptation of the lyme disease spirochaete to the mammalian host environment results in enhanced glycosaminoglycan and host cell binding. | the lyme disease spirochaete, borrelia burgdorferi, is transmitted to mammals by ixodes ticks and can infect multiple tissues. host cell attachment may be critical for tissue colonization, and b. burgdorferi cultivated in vitro recognizes heparin- and dermatan sulphate-related glycosaminoglycans (gags) on the surface of mammalian cells. to determine whether growth of the spirochaete in the mammalian host alters gag binding, we assessed the cell attachment activities of b. burgdorferi grown in vi ... | 2003 | 12603746 |
| association of borrelia afzelii with rodents in europe. | borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) is maintained in nature by complex zoonotic transmission cycles, involving a large variety of vertebrates as hosts and hard ticks of the genus ixodes as vectors. recent studies suggest that the genospecies of b. burgdorferi s.l. and sometimes their subtypes are propagated by different spectra of hosts, mainly birds and rodents. in order to test the concept of host-association, we analysed the relationships between borrelia genospecies, rodent hosts and i. r ... | 2003 | 12613759 |
| construction and complementation of the first auxotrophic mutant in the spirochaete leptospira meyeri. | in bacteria, the first reaction of the tryptophan biosynthetic pathway involves the conversion of chorismate and glutamine to anthranilate by the action of anthranilate synthase, which is composed of the alpha (trpe gene product) and beta (trpg gene product) subunits. in this study, the tryptophan biosynthetic gene trpe of the spirochaete leptospira meyeri was interrupted by a kanamycin-resistance cassette by homologous recombination. the trpe double cross-over mutant was not able to grow on sol ... | 2003 | 12634337 |
| epidemiological studies of brachyspira pilosicoli in two australian piggeries. | the epidemiology of infection with the intestinal spirochaete brachyspira pilosicoli within pig herds is incompletely understood. to investigate this further, cross-sectional and cohort studies were undertaken on two piggeries. faeces were subjected to selective culture, and dna was extracted from growth on the primary media and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). on one farm, samples from other animal species and the environment were also examined. isolates were subjected to multilocu ... | 2003 | 12636999 |
| experimental infection of layer hens with a human isolate of brachyspira pilosicoli. | the anaerobic intestinal spirochaete brachyspira pilosicoli commonly colonizes the large intestine of a number of species, including chickens and human beings. the purpose of the current study was to determine whether an isolate of b. pilosicoli recovered from an hiv-infected patient with diarrhoea could infect and cause disease in adult chickens. over a 4-week period following experimental infection, a group of eight inoculated chickens showed a persistent and significant increase in faecal wat ... | 2003 | 12676876 |
| a plasmid-encoded nicotinamidase (pnca) is essential for infectivity of borrelia burgdorferi in a mammalian host. | borrelia burgdorferi, a spirochaete that causes lyme borreliosis, contains 21 linear and circular plasmids thought to be important for survival in mammals or ticks. our results demonstrate that the gene bbe22 encoding a nicotinamidase is capable of replacing the requirement for the 25 kb linear plasmid lp25 during mammalian infection. transformation of b. burgdorferi lacking lp25 with a shuttle vector containing the lp25 gene bbe22 (pbbe22) restored infectivity in mice to a level comparable to t ... | 2003 | 12694619 |
| immunological and genetic characterization of borrelia burgdorferi bapa and eppa proteins. | a large majority of examined lyme disease spirochaete isolates were demonstrated to contain one or both of the paralogous genes bapa and eppa. immunological analyses of serum samples collected from infected patients coupled with comparative sequence analyses indicated that bapa gene sequences are quite stable but the encoded proteins do not provoke a strong immune response in most individuals. conversely, eppa proteins are much more antigenic but vary widely in sequence between different bacteri ... | 2003 | 12724373 |
| evaluation of selective media for the isolation of brachyspira aalborgi from human faeces. | the purposes of this study were to identify a solid medium that supports improved growth of the anaerobic intestinal spirochaete brachyspira aalborgi, to modify this for use as a selective isolation medium and then to test the medium for its effectiveness in isolating b. aalborgi from patients' faeces. of the media evaluated, brain heart infusion agar (bhia) with 10 % bovine blood (bb) was the most effective base-supplement combination for growth, with colonies attaining 1.2 mm in diameter by 21 ... | 2003 | 12748271 |
| lyme disease (lyme borreliosis). | lyme borreliosis (lyme disease) is a systemic infectious disease with a wide spectrum of symptoms affecting the skin, the heart, and the nervous and musculoskeletal systems. lyme borreliosis is caused by the spirochaete borrelia burgdorferi and transmitted by ticks. the disease occurs in endemic pockets with an incidence of from 50 to more than 100 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. despite increasing knowledge about the virulence factors of the spirochaetes and the immune response of the host, many ... | 2003 | 12787524 |
| spirochaeta americana sp. nov., a new haloalkaliphilic, obligately anaerobic spirochaete isolated from soda mono lake in california. | a novel, obligately anaerobic, mesophilic, haloalkaliphilic spirochaete, strain aspg1(t), was isolated from sediments of the alkaline, hypersaline mono lake in california, usa. cells of the gram-negative strain were motile and spirochaete-shaped with sizes of 0.2-0.22 x 8-18 microm. growth of the strain was observed between 10 and 44 degrees c (optimum 37 degrees c), in 2-12% (w/v) nacl (optimum 3% nacl) and between ph 8 and 10.5 (optimum ph 9.5). the novel strain was strictly alkaliphilic, requ ... | 2003 | 12807206 |
| detection of bacteriophage vsh-1 svp38 gene in brachyspira spirochetes. | vsh-1 is a mitomycin c-inducible, non-lytic, phage-like agent that packages random 7.5-kb fragments of the brachyspira hyodysenteriae genome. vsh-1 is the first recognized mechanism for gene transfer between b. hyodysenteriae cells. to analyze the distribution of vsh-1 among spirochetes, a 344-bp probe for gene svp38, encoding the vsh-1 major head protein, was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and used in southern blot hybridizations with genomic dna from various spirochete genera. the svp3 ... | 2003 | 12892886 |
| analysis of the ability of spirochete species associated with relapsing fever, avian borreliosis, and epizootic bovine abortion to bind factor h and cleave c3b. | some borrelia species associated with lyme disease bind the complement-regulatory protein factor h (fh), a process that may aid in immune evasion. in this report we demonstrate that some borrelia species associated with relapsing fever bind fh, but not those associated with avian borreliosis and epizootic bovine abortion. cell-bound fh was also found to mediate cleavage of exogenously supplied human c3b, demonstrating the biological relevance of fh binding and its possible importance in the path ... | 2003 | 12904415 |
| high 16s rdna bacterial diversity in glacial meltwater lake sediment, bratina island, antarctica. | the microbial diversity in maritime meltwater pond sediments from bratina island, ross sea, antarctica was investigated by 16s rdna-dependent molecular phylogeny. investigations of the vertical distribution, phylogenetic composition, and spatial variability of bacteria and archaea in the sediment were carried out. results revealed the presence of a highly diverse bacterial population and a significantly depth-related composition. assessment of 173 partial 16s rdna clones analyzed by amplified rd ... | 2003 | 12910387 |
| analysis of genes of tetrahydrofolate-dependent metabolism from cultivated spirochaetes and the gut community of the termite zootermopsis angusticollis. | the hindguts of wood-feeding termites are the sites of intense, co2-reductive acetogenesis. this activity profoundly influences host nutrition and methane emissions. homoacetogens previously isolated from diverse termites comprised novel taxa belonging to two distinct bacterial phyla, firmicutes and spirochates. little else is known about either the diversity or abundance of homoacetogenic species present in any given termite or the genetic details underlying co2-reductive acetogenesis by spiroc ... | 2003 | 12949177 |