Publications

in vitro effects of fungi isolated from equine hooves on primary human keratinocytes.	the effects of two dermatophytes (microsporum gypseum and trichophyton mentagrophytes) and four moulds (scopulariopsis brevicaulis, alternaria alternata, geotrichum candidum and penicillium spp.) on living keratinocyte cultures were examined in vitro using primary human keratinocytes. rates of apoptosis of infected cells were determined using a colorimetric tunel system which detects the characteristic nuclear dna fragmentation of apoptotic cells. the cytotoxicity of the individual fungi was tes ...	2006	17127628
geotrichum candidum dominates in yeast population dynamics in livarot, a french red-smear cheese.	the diversity and dynamics of yeast populations in four batches of livarot cheese at three points of ripening were determined. nine different species were identified by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and/or sequencing, and each batch had its own unique yeast community. a real-time pcr method was developed to quantify the four main yeast species: debaryomyces hansenii, geotrichum candidum, kluyveromyces sp. and yarrowia lipolytica. culture and molecular approaches showed that g. candidum ...	2006	17156021
antifungal efficacy of hydrogen peroxide in dental unit waterline disinfection.	the concentration and composition of fungal flora in dental unit waterlines (duwl) were evaluated. for this purpose, water samples from unit reservoirs and high-speed handpieces, and biofilm samples from the waterline walls from units were collected. subsequently, analogous samples from duwl were taken before and after disinfection using agent containing hydrogen peroxide. in the examined samples, the yeast-like fungi candida albicans and candida curvata were found. the following species of moul ...	2006	17196007
microbial quality and presence of moulds in kuflu cheese.	the chemical and microbial qualities, including fungal flora, of 30 samples of kuflu cheese randomly purchased from different markets in turkey were investigated. the gross composition of the cheese samples ranged between 37.65-53.65% moisture, 6.21-40.09% fat-in-dry matter, 4.70-10.07% salt-in-moisture and 26.18-44.85% protein. the mean ph value of the cheeses was 6.29+/-0.28 and ph values ranged from 5.52 to 7.22. variations between the samples in terms of their gross composition suggested a l ...	2007	17258341
development of primers for detecting dominant yeasts in smear-ripened cheeses.	pcr primers were developed for the specific detection of clavispora lusitaniae, debaryomyces hansenii var hansenii, geotrichum candidum, kluyveromyces lactis and k. marxianus and yarrowia lipolytica, yeast species commonly found on the surface of smear cheese. forty eight representative strains frequently found in smear cheeses or taxonomically related to the target yeasts were used as templates, to validate the designed primers. the specific and selective detection of these yeasts was effective ...	2007	17291384
controlled production of camembert-type cheeses: part iii role of the ripening microflora on free fatty acid concentrations.	phenomena generating ffas, important flavour precursors, are significant in cheese ripening. in camembert-like cheeses, it was intended to establish the relationships between the dynamics of ffa concentrations changes and the succession of ripening microflora during ripening. experimental camembert-type cheeses were prepared in duplicate from pasteurised milk inoculated with kluyveromyces lactis, geotrichum candidum, penicillium camemberti, and brevibacterium aurantiacum under aseptic conditions ...	2007	17291387
invasive cutaneous infection with geotrichum candidum: sequential treatment with amphotericin b and voriconazole.	a rare case of an invasive cutaneous infection by geotrichum candidum in an 80-year-old male patient with diabetes mellitus is reported. the primary site of infection manifested after trauma as an ulcerative lesion on the distal phalanx of the midfinger and extended throughout the right hand. histological examination showed fungal invasion in the deep dermis without vascular involvement and g. candidum was grown in cultures from the biopsy material. angiography revealed severe obstructive diseas ...	2007	17325948
significance of yeasts in the fermentation of maize for ogi production.	saccharomyces cerevisiae, candida krusei, c. tropicalis, geotrichum candidum, g. fermentans and rhodotorula graminis were isolated during the fermentation of maize for ogi production. all the isolates except geotrichum fermentans and rhodotorula graminis were able to degrade phytate. all the yeasts strains exhibited lipase and esterase activities. only s. cerevisiae (2.60%) and c. krusei (7.41%) exhibited amylase activities. candida sp. produced wider zone of inhibition than the other yeasts str ...	2007	17418307
comparison of volatile sulphur compound production by cheese-ripening yeasts from methionine and methionine-cysteine mixtures.	production of volatile sulphur compounds (vsc) was assessed in culture media supplemented with l-methionine or l-methionine/l-cysteine mixtures, using five cheese-ripening yeasts: debaryomyces hansenii dh47(8), kluyveromyces lactis kl640, geotrichum candidum gc77, yarrowia lipolytica yl200 and saccharomyces cerevisiae sc45(3). all five yeasts produced vsc with l-methionine or l-methionine/l-cysteine, but different vsc profiles were found. gc77 and yl200 produced dimethyldisulphide and trace leve ...	2007	17431610
in vitro antifungal activity of extract and plumbagin from the stem bark of diospyros crassiflora hiern (ebenaceae).	in this study the methanol/dichloromethane (1:1) extract and plumbagin isolated from extract of stem barks of diospyros crassiflora were tested for their antifungal activity against 12 strains of yeast pathogens and filamentous fungi: candida albicans, candida glabrata, candida krusei, candida tropicalis, cryptococcus neoformans, aspergillus niger, aspergillus flavus, alternaria sp., cladosporium sp., geotrichum candidum, fusarium sp. and penicillium sp. the growth of all fungi strains tested wa ...	2007	17444575
[search for lactate oxidase producer microorganisms].	using the method of enrichment cultures, eight lactate oxidase producer strains of the fungus geotrichum candidum were identified. the microorganisms were isolated from diverse specimens of fermented vegetables and manure. variation in the content of glucose and lactate and the degree of aeration made it possible to attain lactate oxidase activities of up to 130-140 u per 11 grown medium containing microbial cells.	2007	17476806
physico-chemical and microbiological analyses of fermented corn cob, rice bran and cowpea husk for use in composite rabbit feed.	an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of fermentation on the proximate composition of corn cob, rice bran and cowpea husk for use in composite rabbit feed formulations. the test ingredients were moistened with tap water and allowed to ferment naturally at room temperature. during fermentation, samples of the fermenting materials were extracted at zero, 24 and 48 h for physico-chemical and microbiological analyses using standard procedures. the microorganisms associated with the ferm ...	2008	17502134
[the phylogenetic analysis of 15 geotrichum strains based on 26s rrna gene d1/d2 region sequencing].	the 26s rrna gene d1/d2 domain sequences of 15 strains originally identified as galactomyces geotrichum from the chinese industry culture collection (cicc) were determined. the results indicated that these strains differed from the type strain of galactomyces geotrichum and other species of the genus remarkably. two groups were recognized from the 15 strains which possibly represent 2 novel species of galactomyces. further molecular study is needed to confirm their taxonomic status.	2007	17552250
ce separation of proteins and yeasts dynamically modified by peg pyrenebutanoate with fluorescence detection.	the optimized protocols of the bioanalytes separation, proteins and yeasts, dynamically modified by the nonionogenic tenside peg pyrenebutanoate, were applied in cze and cief with the acidic gradient in ph range 2-5.5, both with fluorescence detection. peg pyrenebutanoate was used as a buffer additive for a dynamic modification of proteins and/or yeast samples. the narrow peaks of modified analytes were detected. the values of the pi's of the labeled proteins were calculated using new fluorescen ...	2007	17557360
the identification of antibacterial compounds for the development of enhanced media for the detection of foodborne fungi.	in an effort to identify a more suitable antibiotic for utilization in mycological media, 12 food borne fungal species from various genera including alternaria alternata, aspergillus flavus, a. niger, eurotium chevalieri, fusarium moniliforme, penicillium sp., rhizopus stolonifer, saccharomyces cerevisiae, candida tropicalis, geotrichum candidum, rhodotorula glutinis and kluyveromyces thermotolerans along with 21 chloramphenicol-resistant bacterial isolates from fresh produce and atcc cultures o ...	2007	17574697
improvement of the cryopreservation of the fungal starter geotrichum candidum by artificial nucleation and temperature downshift control.	food industry tends towards the use of controlled microorganisms in order to improve its technologies including frozen starter production. the fungus geotrichum candidum, which is currently found in various environments, is widely used as ripening agent in some specific cheese making process. in order to optimize the cryopreservation of this microorganism, freezing experiments were carried out using a peltier cooler-heater incubator, which permits to control the temperature downshift from +20 to ...	2007	17617397
diversity of microflora in the gut and casts of tropical composting earthworms reared on different substrates.	the diversity of fungi, bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes and protozoa were analysed in the gut and casts of eudrilus eugeniae, lampito mauritii, eisenia fetida and perionyx excavatus, both qualitatively and quantitatively as influenced by different feed substrates like clay loam soil, cowdung and pressmud. while actinomycetes (streptomyces albus, s. somaliensis, nocardia asteroides, n. caviae and saccharomonosporia) were not digested by any of these species of worms, protozoa (amoeba proteus, a. t ...	2007	17717992
comparison between disk diffusion and microdilution methods for determining susceptibility of clinical fungal isolates to caspofungin.	we compared the caspofungin (cas) susceptibility testing results generated by the disk diffusion (dd) assay with the results of the clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) broth microdilution (bd) reference method for 106 yeast isolates. the isolates represented 11 different fungal species, including candida albicans (n = 50), c. parapsilosis (n = 10), c. glabrata (n = 10), c. tropicalis (n = 10), c. guillermondii (n = 6), c. rugosa (n = 5), c. krusei (n = 5), c. kefyr (n = 2), c. pel ...	2007	17728477
safety assessment of dairy microorganisms: geotrichum candidum.	geotrichum candidum is a ubiquitous filamentous yeast-like fungus commonly isolated from soil, air, water, milk, silage, plant tissues, digestive tract in humans and other mammals. this species is widely used as adjunct culture in the maturation of cheese. the genus geotrichum is composed of 18 species. a recent taxonomic revision concluded that the old galactomyces geotrichum/g. candidum complex contained four separate species of which galactomyces candidus sp. nov./g. candidum. m13 primer can ...	2008	17869364
ammonia production and its possible role as a mediator of communication for debaryomyces hansenii and other cheese-relevant yeast species.	ammonia production by yeasts may contribute to an increase in ph during the ripening of surface-ripened cheeses. the increase in ph has a stimulatory effect on the growth of secondary bacterial flora. ammonia production of single colonies of debaryomyces hansenii, saccharomyces cerevisiae, yarrowia lipolytica, and geotrichum candidum was determined on glycerol medium (gm) agar and cheese agar. the ammonia production was found to vary, especially among yeast species, but also within strains of d. ...	2007	17954742
microbial interactions within a cheese microbial community.	the interactions that occur during the ripening of smear cheeses are not well understood. yeast-yeast interactions and yeast-bacterium interactions were investigated within a microbial community composed of three yeasts and six bacteria found in cheese. the growth dynamics of this community was precisely described during the ripening of a model cheese, and the lotka-volterra model was used to evaluate species interactions. subsequently, the effects on ecosystem functioning of yeast omissions in ...	2008	17981942
differentiation of closely related fungi by electronic nose analysis.	in this work the potential of electronic nose analysis for differentiation of closely related fungi has been described. a total of 20 isolates of the cheese-associated species geotrichum candidum, penicillium camemberti, p. nordicum, and p. roqueforti and its closely related species p. paneum, p. carneum as well as the noncheese-associated p. expansum have been investigated by electronic nose, gc-ms, and lc-ms analysis. the isolates were inoculated on yeast extract sucrose agar in 20-ml headspac ...	2007	17995685
effect of protective agents on the viability of geotrichum candidum during freeze-drying and storage.	the effect of 3 cryoprotective agents (trehalose, sucrose, and maltose) on the survival of concentrated cultures of geotrichum candidum was studied. initially, the effect of the carbohydrates at 9% and 23% concentrations or combined with skim milk (16%) was compared to the control (skim milk alone) immediately after freeze-drying. two freeze-drying shelf temperatures, 25 degrees c and 35 degrees c, were investigated. afterwards, the survival of g. candidum freeze-dried with carbohydrates at 23% ...	2007	17995841
isolation and biochemical characterization of an antifungal peptide from amaranthus hypochondriacus seeds.	an antifungal peptide, ay-amp, was isolated from amaranthus hypochondriacus seeds by acidic extraction and then purified by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. the molecular mass of this peptide, as determined by mass spectrometry, is 3184 da. the peptide belongs to the superfamily of chitin-binding proteins, containing a single cysteine/glycine-rich chitin-binding domain, and it was found that ay-amp degrades chitin. ay-amp inhibits the growth, at very low doses, of different pat ...	2007	18031007
assimilation of peptides and amino acids and dissimilation of lactate during submerged pure cultures of penicillium camembertii and geotrichum candidum.	the behavior of penicillium camembertii and geotrichum candidum growing in submerged pure cultures on simple (glutamate) or complex (peptones) substrates as nitrogen and carbon sources and an lactate as a second carbon source was examined. similar to the behavior previously recorded on a simple substrate (glutamate), a clear differentiation between the carbon source and the energy source was also shown on peptones and lactate during p. camembertii growth, since throughout growth, lactate was onl ...	2008	18239428
commercial ripening starter microorganisms inoculated into cheese milk do not successfully establish themselves in the resident microbial ripening consortia of a south german red smear cheese.	production of smear-ripened cheese critically depends on the surface growth of multispecies microbial consortia comprising bacteria and yeasts. these microorganisms often originate from the cheese-making facility and, over many years, have developed into rather stable, dairy-specific associations. while commercial smear starters are frequently used, it is unclear to what degree these are able to establish successfully within the resident microbial consortia. thus, the fate of the smear starters ...	2008	18281427
competition during submerged mixed culture of geotrichum candidum and penicillium camembertii on glucose and threonine.	geotrichum candidum and penicillium camembertii were cultivated in pure and mixed cultures on glucose and threonine. in pure cultures, g. candidum used glucose as a carbon and an energy source and threonine only as a nitrogen source, even after glucose exhaustion. contrarily, when growing in isolation, p. camembertii used simultaneously threonine and glucose as carbon sources. a diauxic growth was recorded during the mixed culture of both species, which competed for glucose, the sole carbon sour ...	2008	18323677
a new report of pre-harvest ear rot of corn caused by geotrichum candidum from iran.	in summer of 2004, samples of husk looseness ear of corn (zea mays) (cv. 700-karaj) were collected from corn fields in ali-abad (jiroft region), kerman province, southeastern iran, for diagnosis of an unusual ear decay. a fungus was isolated from the rotting kernels and subsequently identified as geotrichum candidum. the fungal pathogen was found to be closely related to g. citri-aurantii (citrus race) based on morphological, physiological and pathogenicity properties. the fungal pathogenicity t ...	2007	18396830
[cloning and overexpression of lipase gene from geotrichum candidum y162].	by means of bioinformatics, we aligned nucleotide sequence of reported lipase gene from geotrichum. primers were designed based on the conservative nucleotide sequence, and the lipase gene of g. candidum y162 was cloned for the first time in china. nucleotide sequencing revealed that the open reading frame has 1692 nucleotides without any introns, encoding 563 amino acid residues including a signal sequence of 19 amino acid residues, which is 86% identical to lipase i of g. fermentans. subsequen ...	2008	18437999
production of carbonyl reductase by geotrichum candidum in a laboratory scale bioreactor.	fungal fermentation is very complex in nature due to its nonlinear relationship with the time, especially in batch culture. growth and production of carbonyl reductase by geotrichum candidum ncim 980 have been studied in a laboratory scale stirred tank bioreactor at different ph (uncontrolled and controlled), agitation, aeration and dissolved oxygen concentration. the yield of the process has been calculated in terms of glucose consumed. initial studies showed that fermenter grown cells have mor ...	2008	18513958
fate and effects of camembert cheese micro-organisms in the human colonic microbiota of healthy volunteers after regular camembert consumption.	the objective of this study was to determine i) if camembert cheese micro-organisms could be detected in fecal samples after regular consumption by human subjects and ii) the consequence of this consumption on global metabolic activities of the host colonic microbiota. an open human protocol was designed where 12 healthy volunteers were included: a 2-week period of fermented products exclusion followed by a 4-weeks camembert ingestion period where 2x40 g/day of camembert cheese was consumed. sto ...	2008	18554738
a simple morphologically structured model describing the growth of filamentous microorganisms.	based on the reported mechanisms for filamentous growth, a simple morphologically structured growth model is set up. the model may describe the growth of filamentous microorganisms both on a solid medium and in a submerged culture. for description of a submerged culture the model is combined with a simple population model, which is derived from a balance for the distribution function for the hyphal elements. the model is compared with experimental data for three species of filamentous microorgan ...	1993	18609614
symmetric branching model for the kinetics of mycelial growth.	a mathematical model, linking microscopic to macroscopic parameters of the kinetics of mycelial growth is presented. the model consists of two parts: (a) a microscopic description, based on the assumption that growth of a mycelium can be represented approximately by the growth of a symmetric binary tree, where the branching level (microscopic state variable) is logarithmically related to the number of tips and segments; and (b) a macroscopic description which makes use of the microscopic descrip ...	1993	18609641
detection and identification of wild yeasts in champús, a fermented colombian maize beverage.	the aim of this study was to identify and characterise the predominant yeasts in champús, a traditional colombian cereal-based beverage with a low alcoholic content. samples of champús from 20 production sites in the cauca valley region were analysed. a total of 235 yeast isolates were identified by conventional microbiological analyses and by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) of its1-5.8s rdna-its2. the dominant species were: saccharomyces cerevisiae, ...	2008	18620968
target-specific anti-fungal discovery by targeting geotrichum candidum histidinol dehydrogenase: a hybrid approach.	this study describes a hybrid approach of screening substrate analogue inhibitors of histidinol dehydrogenase. imidazole derivative library of approximately 400 compounds classified using hierarchical cluster analysis, representative compounds of each class were tested in enzymatic assay and used for the development of quantitative structure-activity relationship models. rest of the compounds in the library were screened using developed models and compounds predicted active were retested. 60% of ...	2008	18715230
biological diversity of yeasts in the gastrointestinal tract of weaned piglets kept under different farm conditions.	the study was conducted to determine yeasts present in the gastrointestinal tract (git) of piglets kept under experimental farm (ef) and commercial farm (cf) conditions. ninety five german landrace full- and half-sibling piglets were sacrificed at 39 days of age. sixty eight piglets were weaned at 28th day of life, when they were offered one diet ad libitum. twenty seven piglets remained unweaned by their dams. none of the piglets received any creep feed before weaning. digesta samples were coll ...	2008	19054135
use of geotrichum candidum for olive mill wastewater treatment in submerged and static culture.	the production of lignin peroxidase (lip), manganese peroxidase (mnp) and lipases by geotrichum candidum were performed in order to control the decolourisation and biodegradation of olive mill wastewater (omw). optimisation of different factors showed that dilution, carbon and ammonium concentrations significantly affected decolourisation and activities of ligniolytic peroxidases (lip and mnp) on omw. moreover, addition of olive oil and agitation improved the lipase production. batch and continu ...	2009	19091553
detection of coagulase activity in pathogenic candida species.	the coagulase activities of various candida spp were assessed using a classical tube test. a total of 125 clinical candida isolates representing eight species (c. albicans, c. parapsilosis, c. tropicalis, c. glabrata, c. kefyr, geotrichum candidum, c. krusei and c. guilliermondii) were incubated with rabbit, sheep or human plasma. after 24 h incubation, 29/64 (45.3%) c. albicans isolates and 23/61 (37.7%) non-albicans candida strains were positive for coagulase in rabbit plasma, whereas 20/64 (3 ...	2008	19094449
biosynthesis of an antifungal oligopeptide in burkholderia contaminans strain ms14.	strain ms14, exhibiting antifungal activity, was classified to belong to burkholderia contaminans. when compared with the wild type strain, antifungal activities of mutants ms14mt13 and ms14mt18 against geotrichum candidum were eliminated, and the activity of mutant ms14mt15 was reduced by approximately 80%. sequence analysis of a 22.7-kb dna segment revealed the presence of six open-reading frames (orfs), including the genes disrupted in the mutants. the wild type level of antifungal activity w ...	2009	19167363
time and temperature dependent microbiological and mycotoxin (ochratoxin-a) levels in boza.	this study describes the examination of microbiological tests and the determination of ota in boza temperature and time dependently. prior to the analysis, physicochemical properties of the boza samples such as moisture, total acidity as lactic acid, ph, protein amount and viscosity were investigated. the incidence of total aerobic bacteria (tab), lactic acid bacteria (lab), coliforms, e.coli, salmonella, s. aureus, b. cereus, yeast and moulds were examined. e.coli, salmonella, s. aureus and b. ...	2009	19185379
study of a sterol esterase secreted by ophiostoma piceae: sequence, model and biochemical properties.	an extracellular sterol esterase from ophiostoma piceae efficiently hydrolyzes sterol esters, triglycerides and p-nitrophenol esters. cdna was screened with a probe obtained by pcr using as primers oligonucleotides corresponding to the n-terminal and internal mature enzyme sequences and complete sequence was obtained by 3' rapid amplification of cdna end (race) and inverse pcr. the o. piceae esterase gene had a length of 1.8 kbp and lacked introns. a search for proteins with related amino acid s ...	2009	19281875
kinetics of an extracellular exo-inulinase production from a 5-flourocytosine resistant mutant of geotrichum candidum using two-factorial design.	in the present study, eight different strains of geotrichum candidum were isolated and screened for an extracellular exo-inulinase production using chemically enriched sucrose-mineral media. the isolate (zool-3i) with a better enzyme activity (1.38 iu/ml) was subjected to induced mutagenesis using methyl methane sulphonate (mms) and a mutant with an enzyme activity of 32.06 iu/ml was obtained. further exposure to ethyl methane sulphonate (ems) and ultraviolet (uv) radiations yielded a mutant exh ...	2009	19289278
mechanism of unusual formation of 3-(5-phenyl-3h-[1,2,4]dithiazol-3-yl)chromen-4-ones and 4-oxo-4h-chromene-3-carbothioic acid n-phenylamides and their antimicrobial evaluation.	6/6,7-substituted 3-formylchromones (9a-e) react with 2 equivalents of 2-phenyl-4-dimethylamino-1-thia-3-azabuta-1,3-diene (10) or thiobenzamide (11) in refluxing toluene to furnish novel substituted 3-(5-phenyl-3h-[1,2,4]dithiazol-3-yl)chromen-4-ones (12a-e). however, reactions of substituted 2-anilino-3-formylchromones (15a-d) with thiobenzamide (11, 2 equivalents) in refluxing xylene furnish 4-oxo-4h-chromene-3-carbothioic acid n-phenylamide (17a-d) in high yields. a mechanistic rationalizati ...	2009	19375826
degradation and detoxification of disperse dye scarlet rr by galactomyces geotrichum mtcc 1360.	galactomyces geotrichum mtcc 1360 degraded the scarlet rr (100 mg/l) dye within 18 h, under shaking conditions (150 rpm) in malt yeast medium. the optimum ph and the temperature for decolorization were ph 12 and 50 degrees , respectively. enzymatic studies revealed an induction of the enzymes, including flavin reductase during the initial stage and lignin peroxidase after complete decolorization of the dye. decolorization of the dye was induced by the addition of caco3 to the medium. edta had an ...	2009	19420999
ambr1 is a key transcriptional regulator for production of antifungal activity of burkholderia contaminans strain ms14.	burkholderia contaminans strain ms14 has a broad range of antifungal activities to plant and human pathogens. in previous studies, a 22.7-kb genomic fragment harboring six genes was shown to be involved in the production of an antifungal oligopeptide in b. contaminans strain ms14. in this study, another luxr-type regulatory gene, named ambr1, was identified downstream of the ambr2 gene, and three new orfs were found upstream of orf6 of the 22.7-kb fragment. site-directed mutagenesis revealed tha ...	2009	19500142
evaluation of food additives as alternative or complementary chemicals to conventional fungicides for the control of major postharvest diseases of stone fruit.	to evaluate potential alternatives to conventional fungicides to control decay, more than 20 food additives and generally regarded as safe compounds were tested at three concentrations in in vivo primary screenings with several cultivars of california peaches, nectarines, and plums that had been artificially inoculated with seven major postharvest pathogens: monilinia fructicola, botrytis cinerea, geotrichum candidum, alternaria alternata, penicillium expansum, mucor piriformis, and rhizopus sto ...	2009	19517732
enhancement of survival of probiotic and non-probiotic lactic acid bacteria by yeasts in fermented milk under non-refrigerated conditions.	the effects of yeasts on the survival of probiotic and non-probiotic lactic acid bacteria (lab) were studied in fermented milk under non-refrigerated conditions (30 degrees c) with a view to develop ambient-stable fermented milk with live lab. five yeasts tested (saccharomyces bayanus, williopsis saturnus var. saturnus, yarrowia lipolytica, candida kefyr and kluyveromyces marxianus) enhanced the survival of lactobacillus bulgaricus (but not streptococcus thermophilus) in a mixed yoghurt culture ...	2009	19666198
synergistic antifungal activity of sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, and cupric sulfate against penicillium digitatum.	oxidizing compounds such as sodium hypochlorite (nacio) and hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) are widely used in food sanitization because of their antimicrobial effects. we applied these compounds and metals to analyze their antifungal activity against penicillium digitatum, the causal agent of citrus green mold. the mics were 300 ppm for naclo and 300 mm for h2o2 when these compounds were individually applied for 2 min to conidia suspensions. to minimize the concentration of these compounds, we develop ...	2009	19722397
isolation and partial characterization of antifungal metabolites produced by bacillus sp. iba 33.	antifungal proteins produced by bacillus sp. iba 33 were purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and deae-sephacel column chromatography. the two purified proteins inhibited the growth of geotrichum candidum, the sour rot disease agent in lemon. the proteins were stable at 20 (3 months), 40, 60 and 100 degrees c (30 min) and remained active after sterilization at 121 degrees c for 15 min. their hydrophobic nature was proved and when were developed with ninhydrin they did not show any free ami ...	2009	19727944
lactobacilli and dairy propionibacterium with potential as biopreservatives against food fungi and yeast contamination.	naturally fermented and raw foods contain a range of organisms that may have benefit as additives in some foods and food processing. in particular, potential anti-fungal properties of these organisms may be potentially utilised as natural alternatives to chemical additives used to delay and prevent spoilage by fungi and yeast. this study examined 12 novel bacteria previously isolated from food as possible biopreservatives. the bacteria from the lactobacilli and dairy propionibacterium groups wer ...	2009	19764616
geotrichum siamensis sp. nov. and geotrichum phurueaensis sp. nov., two asexual arthroconidial yeast species isolated in thailand.	two asexual arthroconidial yeast strains, tm3-44(t) and lysm5(t), were isolated, respectively, from estuarine water in a mangrove forest and soil in a terrestrial forest in thailand. analysis of the d1/d2 domains of the large-subunit rrna gene sequences revealed that strain tm3-44(t) differed from the closest species in terms of pairwise sequence similarity, dipodascus albidus, by 11.7% nucleotide substitutions, while strain lysm5(t) was closest to galactomyces geotrichum with only 2.9% nucleoti ...	2010	19788556
disseminated geotrichum candidum infection in a patient with relapsed acute myelogenous leukemia following allogeneic stem cell transplantation and review of the literature.	we describe a woman with relapsed acute myelogenous leukemia after allogeneic stem cell transplantation who developed disseminated geotrichum candidum infection during chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. the isolate was susceptible to voriconazole, amphotericin b, and micafungin in vitro. we review the literature regarding invasive infections with g. candidum, which predominantly affect immunocompromised hosts, and discuss potential therapies for this rare pathogen.	2009	19804480
immobilization of intracellular carbonyl reductase from geotrichum candidum for the stereoselective reduction of 1-naphthyl ketone.	different cell disintegration methods were used for the liberation of intracellular carbonyl reductase from geotrichum candidum, in its active form. solid shear (bead milling) was proved to be the best method for the extraction of the enzyme. various solid supports were checked for the immobilization of the purified enzyme. carbonyl reductase was immobilized on silica with an optimized protein loading of 4 mg/g support. cross-linking with glutaraldehyde rendered the preparation more stable and s ...	2010	19850472
purification and characterization of acetophenone reductase with excellent enantioselectivity from geotrichum candidum nbrc 4597.	nadh-dependent enzyme reducing acetophenone derivatives with high stereoselectivities and wide substrate specificities from geotrichum candidum nbrc 4597 was isolated, purified, characterized, and used for asymmetric synthesis. through five-step purification including ammonium sulfate fractionation and a series of chromatographies, the enzyme was purified about 150-fold with a yield of 5.6%. the active enzyme has a molecular mass of 73 kda determined by gel filtration chromatography, and the sds ...	2010	19908037
[study on development of the principles for determination and evaluation of antimicrobial effectiveness of food preservatives].	to establish the principles for determination and evaluation of the preservative properties demonstrates the effectiveness of a substance when used as a food preservative.	2009	20047216
geobacillus sp., a thermophilic soil bacterium producing volatile antibiotics.	geobacillus, a bacterial genus, is represented by over 25 species of gram-positive isolates from various man-made and natural thermophilic areas around the world. an isolate of this genus (m-7) has been acquired from a thermal area near yellowstone national park, mt and partially characterized. the cells of this organism are globose (ca. 0.5 mu diameter), and they are covered in a matrix capsule which gives rise to elongate multicelled bacilliform structures (ranging from 3 to 12 mum) as seen by ...	2010	20091406
application of denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (dhplc) for yeasts identification in red smear cheese surfaces.	to evaluate and optimize the use of denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (dhplc) for yeasts identification in red smear cheese surfaces.	2010	20477955
structure based design of novel inhibitors for histidinol dehydrogenase from geotrichum candidum.	histidinol dehydrogenase, the product of the hisd gene, mediates the final step in the histidine biosynthetic pathway. this enzyme has captured attention for drug discovery studies in past few years. recently, our group cloned and expressed geotrichum candidum histidinol dehydrogenase and successful screening of substrate analog inhibitors of histidinol dehydrogenase led to some antifungal compounds with ic(50) values in micromolar range. in this study, we have done docking analysis of these ant ...	2010	20488699
ddt degradation potential of cattle manure compost.	the purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of cattle manure compost (cmc) to degrade 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (4-chlorophenyl) ethane (ddt). ddt was degraded during composting and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (4-chlorophenyl) ethane (ddd) was detected as a metabolic product. degradation of ddt at 60 degrees c was the most effective of all the stages of composting. fourteen strains of fungi were isolated and identified from cmc, and most of them were closely related to mucor circinelloides a ...	2010	20494402
use of cheese whey to enhance geotrichum candidum biomass production in olive mill wastewater.	geotrichum candidum is a yeast-like filamentous fungus that has attracted industrial interest. the present work investigated g. candidum biomass production in agro-industrial wastewaters (olive mill wastewater (omw) and cheese whey (cw)) as the only substrate. different solid media (sabouraud dextrose agar (sda), cw, omw, and omw/cw mixtures in different proportions) were tested. omw/cw mixtures proved to be suitable for optimal mycelia growth of g. candidum with a very high hyphae density. the ...	2010	20526856
characterization of cultivated fungi isolated from grape marc wastes through the use of amplified rdna restriction analysis and sequencing.	microbial assessment of grape marc wastes, the residual solid by-product of the wine-industry, was performed by identifying phylogenetically the fungal culturable diversity in order to evaluate environmental and disposal safety issues and to discuss ecological considerations of applications on agricultural land. fungal spores in grape marc were estimated to 4.7 x 10(6) per g dry weight. fifty six fungal isolates were classified into eight operational taxonomic units (otus) following amplified ri ...	2010	20571946
comparison of endo-polygalacturonase activities of citrus and non-citrus races of geotrichum candidum, and cloning and expression of the corresponding genes.	summary geotrichum candidum citrus race, a fungus that causes a sour rot disease in citrus fruits, secretes an endo-polygalacturonase (pg) that may facilitate the disease. there also exists a non-citrus race that is non-pathogenic to citrus fruits. in this research, we found that the pg activity of the citrus race isolates was much higher than that of the non-citrus race isolates in culture medium and inoculated lemon peel, and that there was a significant correlation between the pg activity and ...	2001	20573014
surface mycobiota on argentinean dry fermented sausages.	the diversity of the mycobiota community occurring on the surface of fermented dry sausages and in the environment of the processing plants was studied. the manufacturing plants (five in total) were located in three different areas of southern buenos aires province (argentina). samples were collected from two types of fermented sausages (short and long ripening time) at two times of the year (winter and summer) and at different types of plants (artisanal and industrial). a total of 342 samples w ...	2010	20643490
acute toxicity of 16 water-soluble chemicals to the fungus geotrichum candidum measured by reduction in glucose uptake.	a method for the estimation of chemical inhibition of glucose uptake by the fungus geotrichum candidum was developed. inhibition of glucose uptake was measured in cultures of germinated spores of g. candidum treated for 4 hr with 16 different water-soluble chemicals. the assay was performed in microtitre trays. under control conditions the fungus had a glucose uptake of 200-230 mug/ml (non-inhibited cultures). the glucose assay was linear up to 600 mug glucose/ml with a detection limit of 12.2 m ...	1995	20650076
differences in hydrolytic abilities of two crude lipases from geotrichum candidum 4013.	the fungus geotrichum candidum 4013 produces two types of lipases (extracellular and cell-bound). both enzymes were tested for their hydrolytic ability to p-nitrophenyl esters and compounds having a structure similar to the original substrate (triacylglycerols). higher lipolytic activity of extracellular lipase was observed when triacylglycerols of medium- (c12) and long- (c18) chain fatty acids were used as substrates. cell-bound lipase preferentially hydrolysed trimyristate (c14). the differen ...	2010	20824885
relationship between growth behaviour, micro and macroscopic morphologies and freezing sensitivity of the ripening starter geotrichum candidum is strain specific and mostly related to the morphotypes: the arthrospores/hyphae parameter.	microscopic conformation, growth behaviour and freezing sensitivity of seven strains of geotrichum candidum, a ripening starter, were studied and compared according to their macroscopic morphotypes. it has been shown that the thallus forming units (tfu)×ml-1/od600nm ratio as a function of time is an interesting parameter to follow g. candidum sporulation through the growth behaviour. microscopic conformation, growth behaviour and freezing sensitivity are clearly strain specific and mostly relate ...	2010	20831843
detection of the sour-rot pathogen geotrichum candidum in tomato fruit and juice by using a highly specific monoclonal antibody-based elisa.	geotrichum candidum is a common soil-borne fungus that causes sour-rot of tomatoes, citrus fruits and vegetables, and is a major contaminant on tomato processing equipment. the aim of this work was to produce a monoclonal antibody and diagnostic assay for its detection in tomato fruit and juice. using hybridoma technology, a cell line (fe10) was generated that produced a monoclonal antibody belonging to the immunoglobulin class m (igm) that was specific to g. candidum and the closely related tel ...	2010	20850192
oral geotrichosis: report of 12 cases.	oral geotrichosis is an uncommon opportunistic infection caused by geotrichum candidum, a habitual contaminant and component of the flora of various parts of the body. this communication reports both a 20-year retrospective study of clinically and mycologically proven cases of oral geotrichosis, and a prospective study of fungal oral flora in 200 individuals divided into two groups: normal individuals and individuals with associated conditions. twelve patients with proven oral geotrichosis were ...	2010	20881343
fungi associated with storage rots of cocoyams (colocasia spp.) in nsukka, nigeria.	cocoyam (colocasia spp.) corms and cormels showing spoilage symptoms were collected from many stores in nsukka locality and examined for rot and associated fungal pathogens. aspergillus niger, botryodiplodia theobromae, corticium rolfsii, geotrichum candidum, fusarium oxysporum, and f. solani were recovered from rotten cocoyams. the representative isolates of these species caused cocoyam rot in pathogenicity tests. the rot due to a. niger, b. theobromae and c. rolfsii was extensive resulting in ...	1996	20882465
geotrichum candidum as etiological agent of horse dermatomycosis.	fungi of the genus geotrichum are commonly found in the environment and, in some circumstances, they may cause diseases in humans and animals. although these fungi have been isolated from skin lesions of some animal species, their pathogenic role in horses remains uncertain. with the aim to investigate the role of geotrichum candidum as etiological agent of dermatomycoses, a retrospective study of 64 horses presenting skin lesions and suspected to have fungal infections was carried out. for each ...	2010	20970928
anti yeast activities of some essential oils in growth medium, fruit juices and milk.	the anti-yeast activities of four essential oils (eos) from clary sage, juniper, lemon and marjoram against wild-type isolates of the food-related yeasts geotrichum candidum, pichia anomala, saccharomyces cerevisiae and schizosaccharomyces pombe in malt extract (me) medium, apple juice and milk were investigated. minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) for the eos and their main components were determined and the checkerboard method was used to calculate fractional inhibitory concentration (fic ...	2010	21131081
biodegradation of olive mill wastewater by trichosporon cutaneum and geotrichum candidum.	olive oil production generates large volumes of wastewater. these wastewaters are characterised by high chemical oxygen demand (cod), high content of microbial growth-inhibiting compounds such as phenolic compounds and tannins, and dark colour. the aim of this study was to investigate biodegradation of olive mill wastewater (omw) by yeasts trichosporon cutaneum and geotrichum candidum. the yeast trichosporon cutaneum was used because it has a high potential to biodegrade phenolic compounds and a ...	2010	21183431
tonsillitis in a weaner pig associated with geotrichum candidum.	geotrichum candidum was cultured from the tonsils of a free-ranging weaner pig that was presented with lethargy and inappetence. histopathology indicated pyogranulomatous tonsillitis with intralesional fungal hyphae and arthrospores. geotrichosis is a rare, opportunistic mycosis of immunocompromised hosts, usually human beings.	2011	21217055
rhizosphere dynamics during phytoremediation of olive mill wastewater.	the potential of phytoremediation as a treatment option for olive mill wastewater (omw) was tested on five perennial tree species. cupressus sempervirens and quercus ilex proved tolerant to six-month omw treatment followed by six-month water irrigation, whereas salix sp. and laurus nobilis and, later, pinus mugo suffered from phytotoxic effects. test plants were compared to controls after treatment and irrigation, by monitoring biochemical and microbiological variations in the rhizosphere soil. ...	2010	21256739
mycological survey of activated sludge in mbrs.	the objective of this research was to conduct a survey of fungi in activated sludge plants with membrane bioreactors (mbrs). thirty-six samples of both aerobic and anoxic activated sludge were taken from two plants with mbrs treating domestic wastewater. over a period of 8 months, two samples from each plant were taken per month. the samples were prepared for count and identification of fungi. the obtained data show that 61 species belonging to 30 genera were identified from activated sludge sam ...	2011	21554420
chiral pharmaceutical intermediaries obtained by reduction of 2-halo-1-(4-substituted phenyl)-ethanones mediated by geotrichum candidum cct 1205 and rhodotorula glutinis cct 2182.	enantioselective reductions of p-r(1)-c(6)h(4)c(o)ch(2)r(2) (r(1) = cl, br, ch(3), och(3), no(2) and r(2) = br, cl) mediated by geotrichum candidum cct 1205 and rhodotorula glutinis cct 2182 afforded the corresponding halohydrins with complementary r and s configurations, respectively, in excellent yield and enantiomeric excesses. the obtained (r)- or (s)-halohydrins are important building blocks in chemical and pharmaceutical industries.	2011	21687613
fungi isolated from olive ecosystems and screening of their potential biotechnological use.	this study investigated the fungi diversity of fresh olive (olea europaea l.) fruits, olive paste (crushed olives) and olive pomace (solid waste) and screened and quantified enzymatic activities with biotechnological applications. fungi were randomly isolated from olive cultivars from castilla la mancha region (spain). identification included comparison of their polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplicons of the its1-5.8s-its2 ribosomal dna region, followed by nucleotide sequence analysis. fourtee ...	2011	21689797
earthworms use odor cues to locate and feed on microorganisms in soil.	earthworms are key components of temperate soil ecosystems but key aspects of their ecology remain unexamined. here we elucidate the role of olfactory cues in earthworm attraction to food sources and document specific chemical cues that attract eisenia fetida to the soil fungi geotrichum candidum. fungi and other microorganisms are major sources of volatile emissions in soil ecosystems as well as primary food sources for earthworms, suggesting the likelihood that earthworms might profitably use ...	2011	21799756
surface microbial consortia from livarot, a french smear-ripened cheese.	the surface microflora (902 isolates) of livarot cheeses from three dairies was investigated during ripening. yeasts were mainly identified by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. geotrichum candidum was the dominating yeast among 10 species. bacteria were identified using biotype 100 strips, dereplicated by repetitive extragenic palindromic pcr (rep-pcr); 156 representative strains were identified by either box-pcr or (gtg)(5)-pcr, and when appropriate by 16s rdna sequencing and sds-page an ...	2011	21815832
fungal diversity in activated sludge from membrane bioreactors in berlin.	the objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of fungi in aerobic and anoxic activated sludge from membrane bioreactors. thirty-six samples from each aerobic and anoxic activated sludge were taken from two membrane bioreactors treating domestic wastewater. over a period of 9-ámonths, four samples from each plant were taken per month. the samples were prepared for count and identification of fungi. sixty species belonging to 30 genera were collected from activated sludge samples unde ...	2011	21823978
asymmetric reduction of a ketone by wet and lyophilized cells of geotrichum candidum in organic solvents.	sixteen organic co-solvents were screened for stereoselective reduction of 1-acetonapthone in aqueous media by whole cells of geotrichum candidum. benzyl alcohol was found to be a good co-solvent as it afforded a high coversion and reduced deactivation of the cells. half-lives of the wet and lyophilized whole cell biocatalysts in pure benzyl alcohol were 23.07 and 11.21 hours, respectively. the initial reaction rates at 30-¦c were 13.1 and 11.0++mol/min, respectively, for the wet and lyophilized ...	2011	21835274
identification of yeast isolated from dermatological patients by maldi-tof mass spectrometry.	species identification of yeasts is based on biochemical (e.g. api id 32 c(®) , biomérieux) and molecular biological approaches. as an alternative to dna-dependent methods, mass spectral analysis based identification of micro-organisms has become increasingly recognized. in a number of studies, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) has been applied for the rapid classification and identification of micro-organisms. in this study, the applicab ...	2011	21848605
culture-independent detection of microorganisms in traditional slovakian bryndza cheese.	in order to investigate the microflora of slovakian bryndza cheese (a cheese containing unpasteurized or pasteurized ewes' milk component) by a culture-independent method, dna was extracted directly from 7 bryndza samples and analysed by an innovative method. using the universal prokaryotic and fungal primers, ribosomal dna internal transcribed spacer (its) regions with variable length were amplified. the standard universal reverse primer l1 aligning to bacterial 23s rdna was found unsuitable fo ...	2011	21849217
fungal diversity in cow, goat and ewe milk.	knowledge of fungal diversity in the environment is poor compared with bacterial biodiversity. in this study, we applied the denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (d-hplc) technique, combined with the amplification of the its1 region from fungal rdna, for the rapid identification of major fungal species in 9 raw milk samples from cow, ewe and goat, collected at different periods of the year. a total of 27 fungal species were identified. yeast species belonged to candida, cryptococcus ...	2011	21944758
analysis of fungal contamination and disinfection of toothbrushes.	the aim of this study is to determine the fungal species in the toothbrushes of residents of a neighborhood on the east side of teresina - pi, and to assess the efficiency of a disinfection method based on 2% sodium hypochlorite. fifty toothbrushes were divided into two groups: group a comprised 30 toothbrushes used by the residents and group b (control group) 20 new toothbrushes. fungal evaluation was conducted in sabouraud culture medium containing chloramphenicol and chromagar candida. later ...	2011	22010412
application of low magnetic field on inulinase production by geotrichum candidum under solid state fermentation using leek as substrate.	this study evaluates the application of low magnetic field (lmf) on inulinase enzyme production by geotrichum candidum under solid state fermentation (ssf) using leek as potential carbon source. first, the fermentation conditions were optimized using normal magnetic field grown microorganism. among eight g. candidum isolates, the most effective strain called g. candidum oc-7 was selected to use in further experiments. in the second part of the study, ssf was carried out under different lmfs (4 a ...	2011	22075689
enantiomeric scaffolding of α-tetralone and related scaffolds by ekr (enzymatic kinetic resolution) and stereoselective ketoreduction with ketoreductases.	stereochemically pure compounds containing an all carbon quaternary stereocenter based on 1-tetralone, 1-indanone and 4-chromanone scaffolds have been synthesized by employing lipase ps (burkholderia cepacia) catalyzed kinetic resolution. these scaffolds are further functionalized by microbial ketoreductase enzymes (geotrichum candidum, candida parapsilosis and aspergillus niger) to access stereochemically pure diols which, on further synthetic manipulation, yield novel cyclic compounds.	2011	22102058
ribosomal dna polymorphisms in the yeast geotrichum candidum.	the dimorphic yeast geotrichum candidum (teleomorph: galactomyces candidus) is commonly used to inoculate washed-rind and bloomy-rind cheeses. however, little is known about the phylogenetic lineage of this microorganism. we have sequenced the complete 18s, 5.8s, 26s ribosomal rna genes and their internal transcribed spacers (its1) and its2 regions (5126 nucleotides) from 18 g. candidum strains from various environmental niches, with a focus on dairy strains. multiple sequence alignments reveale ...	2011	22115445
the composition of camembert cheese-ripening cultures modulates both mycelial growth and appearance.	the fungal microbiota of bloomy-rind cheeses, such as camembert, forms a complex ecosystem that has not been well studied, and its monitoring during the ripening period remains a challenge. one limitation of enumerating yeasts and molds on traditional agar media is that hyphae are multicellular structures, and colonies on a petri dish rarely develop from single cells. in addition, fungi tend to rapidly invade agar surfaces, covering small yeast colonies and resulting in an underestimation of the ...	2012	22247164
technological characterization of geotrichum candidum strains isolated from a traditional spanish goats' milk cheese.	forty-one strains of geotrichum candidum isolated from armada cheese, sobado variety, were screened for their enzymatic activities, including proteolytic and lipolytic activities and aminopeptidase activity. the highest extracellular proteolytic activity was detected for 8 strains with values ranging between 2.086 and 4.685 mm gly l(-1) of milk. extracellular lipolytic activity was high for all but one of the g. candidum strains, with values ranging between 67 and 131 μmol oleic ml(-1). cell-bou ...	2012	22265310
decolorization and biodegradation of rubine gfl by microbial consortium gg-bl in sequential aerobic/microaerophilic process.	this study represents the development of a new batch method by consortium gg-bl using two microbial cultures viz., galactomyces geotrichum mtcc 1360 and brevibacillus laterosporus mtcc 2298, by varying environmental conditions for the decolorization and biodegradation of rubine gfl. consortium was found to give better decolorization and degradation of rubine gfl as compared to the individual microorganism at aerobic/microaerophilic process. the consortial metabolic activity of these strains lead ...	2012	22328260
effects of roundup(®) and glyphosate on three food microorganisms: geotrichum candidum, lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris and lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus.	use of many pesticide products poses the problem of their effects on environment and health. amongst them, the effects of glyphosate with its adjuvants and its by-products are regularly discussed. the aim of the present study was to shed light on the real impact on biodiversity and ecosystems of roundup(®), a major herbicide used worldwide, and the glyphosate it contains, by the study of their effects on growth and viability of microbial models, namely, on three food microorganisms (geotrichum c ...	2012	22362186
influence of the organic loading rate on the growth of galactomyces geotrichum in activated sludge.	recent studies reporting on the useful implementation of fungi in wastewater treatment plants triggered the need to improve fungi based systems. therefore, it is crucial to investigate the conditions that promote their selection. the present work aims to study the effect of the organic loading rate on the growth of filamentous fungi. three sequencing batch reactors (sbr), fed with an easily biodegradable substrate (acetate), were operated at different organic loading rates: 4.3 g cod l(-1) day(- ...	2012	22375539
[agents of otomycosis in manisa region, turkey, 1995-2011].	otomycosis, which is otitis externa caused by fungi, is common throughout the world especially in tropical and subtropical countries. however, the epidemiologic data about the etiologic agents of otomycosis in turkey is limited. the aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the agents of otomycosis in patients living at manisa region (located at western anatolia of turkey). a total of 2279 cases [1465 male, 813 female; age range 1-87 (mean: 41.7) years] who were clinically prediagnosed as ...	2012	22399174
species distribution and susceptibility profile of yeasts isolated from blood cultures: results of a multicenter active laboratory-based surveillance study in argentina.	the mycology department of the instituto nacional de enfermedades infecciosas "dr. c. malbrán", conducted the second national multicenter survey on fungemia due to yeasts in argentina. the aim was to obtain updated data of the frequency of the causative species encountered and their in vitro susceptibility to seven antifungal agents. yeast species were identified by micromorphological and biochemical studies. antifungal susceptibility testing was performed by the reference microdilution method e ...	2011	22430989
preparation and antimicrobial activity of some carboxymethyl chitosan acyl thiourea derivatives.	acetyl, chloroacetyl and benzoyl thiourea derivatives of carboxymethyl chitosan (atucmcs, catucmcs, and bztucmcs) with comparable grafting degree were synthesized and their structures were characterized by ftir spectroscopy and elemental analyses. the antimicrobial behaviors of cmcs and its derivatives against three types of bacteria [bacillis subtilis (b. subtilis), staphylococous aureus (s. aureus) and escherichia coli (e. coli)] and three crop-threatening pathogenic fungi [aspergillus fumigat ...	2012	22469914
inulinase production by geotrichum candidum oc-7 using migratory locusts as a new substrate and optimization process with taguchi doe.	utilization of migratory locusts (locusta migratoria) as a main substrate due to its high protein content for inulinase (2,1-β-d-fructan fructanohydrolase) production by geotrichum candidum oc-7 was investigated in this study. to optimize fermentation conditions, four influential factors (locust powder (lp) concentration, sucrose concentration, ph and fermentation time) at three levels were investigated using taguchi orthogonal array (oa) design of experiment (doe). inulinase yield obtained from ...	2013	22495518
protein improvement in gari by the use of pure cultures of microorganisms involved in the natural fermentation process.	the ability of microorganisms involved in cassava mash fermentation to produce and improve protein value by these microorganisms during fermentation was studied. standard microbiological procedures were used to isolate, identify and determine the numbers of the organisms. alcaligenes faecalis, lactobacillus plantarum, bacillus subtilis, leuconostoc cremoris, aspergillus niger, a. tamari, geotrichum candidum and penicillium expansum were isolated and identified from cassava waste water while stan ...	2011	22514894
[intra-abdominal seroma and lymphopenia without leucopenia in a cancer patient. geotrichum candidum infection].		2014	22634390
antifungal activity of moroccan medicinal plants against citrus sour rot agent geotrichum candidum.	the aim of this work was to find an alternative to the chemical fungicides currently used in the control of geotrichum candidum, the causal agent of citrus sour rot.	2012	22670562