Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| cross talk between leishmania donovani cpg dna and toll-like receptor 9: an immunoinformatics approach. | the precise and potential contribution of toll-like receptors (tlrs) signaling pathways in fighting parasitic infections of leishmania spp., an intracellular protozoan parasite, has gained significant attention during the last decades. although it is well established that tlr9 recognizes cpg motifs in microbial genomes, the specificity of the cpg dna pattern of leishmania parasite interacting with endosomal tlr9 is still unknown. hence in our study to identify the cpg dna pattern of leishmania d ... | 2015 | 25735984 |
| new compound sets identified from high throughput phenotypic screening against three kinetoplastid parasites: an open resource. | using whole-cell phenotypic assays, the glaxosmithkline high-throughput screening (hts) diversity set of 1.8 million compounds was screened against the three kinetoplastids most relevant to human disease, i.e. leishmania donovani, trypanosoma cruzi and trypanosoma brucei. secondary confirmatory and orthogonal intracellular anti-parasiticidal assays were conducted, and the potential for non-specific cytotoxicity determined. hit compounds were chemically clustered and triaged for desirable physico ... | 2015 | 25740547 |
| recombinant nad-dependent sir-2 protein of leishmania donovani: immunobiochemical characterization as a potential vaccine against visceral leishmaniasis. | the development of a vaccine conferring long-lasting immunity remains a challenge against visceral leishmaniasis (vl). immunoproteomic characterization of leishmania donovani proteins led to the identification of a novel protein nad+-dependent silent information regulatory-2 (sir2 family or sirtuin) protein (ldsir2rp) as one of the potent immunostimulatory proteins. proteins of the sir2 family are characterized by a conserved catalytic domain that exerts unique nad-dependent deacetylase activity ... | 2015 | 25745863 |
| in vitro and in vivo evaluation of anti-leishmanial and immunomodulatory activity of neem leaf extract in leishmania donovani infection. | the toxicity and emergence of resistance to available chemical drugs against visceral leishmaniasis is evoking to explore herbal treatment. one such attempt with the neem is being reported here. the current study is primarily focused to evaluate the anti-leishmanial effects of neem leaf extracts. among which, ethyl acetate fraction (eaf) alone was found to exhibit leishmanicidal effect validated through cytotoxicity assay and estimated its ic₅₀ to be 52.4 µg/ml on the promastigote stage. propidi ... | 2015 | 25747203 |
| comprehensive proteomics analysis of glycosomes from leishmania donovani. | leishmania donovani is a kinetoplastid protozoan that causes a severe and fatal disease kala-azar, or visceral leishmaniasis. l. donovani infects human host after the phlebotomine sandfly takes a blood meal and resides within the phagolysosome of infected macrophages. previous studies on host-parasite interactions have not focused on leishmania organelles and the role that they play in the survival of this parasite within macrophages. leishmania possess glycosomes that are unique and specialized ... | 2015 | 25748437 |
| sar refinement of antileishmanial n(2),n(4)-disubstituted quinazoline-2,4-diamines. | visceral leishmaniasis is a neglected parasitic disease that has a high fatality rate in the absence of treatment. new drugs that are inexpensive, orally active, and effective could be useful tools in the fight against this disease. we previously showed that n(2),n(4)-disubstituted quinazoline-2,4-diamines displayed low- to sub-micromolar potency against intracellular leishmania, and lead compound n(4)-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-n(2)-isopropyl-7-methylquinazoline-2,4-diamine (4) exhibited modest efficac ... | 2015 | 25749014 |
| predicting antiprotozoal activity of benzyl phenyl ether diamine derivatives through qsar multi-target and molecular topology. | multi-target qsar is a novel approach that can predict simultaneously the activity of a given chemical compound on different pharmacological targets. in this work, we have used molecular topology and statistical tools such as multilinear regression analysis and artificial neural networks, to achieve a multi-target qsar model capable to predict the antiprotozoal activity of a group of benzyl phenyl ether diamine derivatives. the activity was related to three parasites with a high prevalence rate ... | 2015 | 25754076 |
| small rnas derived from trnas and rrnas are highly enriched in exosomes from both old and new world leishmania providing evidence for conserved exosomal rna packaging. | leishmania use exosomes to communicate with their mammalian hosts and these secreted vesicles appear to contribute to pathogenesis by delivering protein virulence factors to macrophages. in other eukaryotes, exosomes were found to carry rna cargo, such as mrnas and small non-coding rnas, capable of altering recipient cell phenotype. whether leishmania exosomes also contain rnas which they are able to deliver to bystander cells is not known. here, we show that leishmania exosomes indeed contain r ... | 2015 | 25764986 |
| targeting ergosterol biosynthesis in leishmania donovani: essentiality of sterol 14 alpha-demethylase. | leishmania protozoan parasites (trypanosomatidae family) are the causative agents of cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis worldwide. while these diseases are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, there are few adequate treatments available. sterol 14alpha-demethylase (cyp51) in the parasite sterol biosynthesis pathway has been the focus of considerable interest as a novel drug target in leishmania. however, its essentiality in leishmania donovani has yet to be deter ... | 2015 | 25768284 |
| chemical proteomics versus leishmaniasis. | in this issue of chemistry & biology, wright et al. (2015) describe an elegant approach to evaluating substrates and the drug target potential of leishmania donovani n-myristoyltransferase (nmt) using a technically simple and straightforward chemical proteomics approach. | 2015 | 25794432 |
| tlr4-mediated activation of myd88 signaling induces protective immune response and il-10 down-regulation in leishmania donovani infection. | in visceral leishmaniasis, a fragmentary il-12 driven type 1 immune response along with the expansion of il-10 producing t-cells correlates with parasite burden and pathogenesis. successful immunotherapy involves both suppression of il-10 production and enhancement of il-12 and nitric oxide (no) production. as custodians of the innate immunity, the toll-like receptors (tlrs) constitute the first line of defense against invading pathogens. the tlr-signaling cascade initiated following innate reco ... | 2014 | 25823227 |
| leishmania donovani secretory serine protease alters macrophage inflammatory response via cox-2 mediated pge-2 production. | leishmania parasites determine the outcome of the infection by inducing inflammatory response that suppresses macrophage's activation. defense against leishmania is dependent on th1 inflammatory response by turning off macrophages' microbicidal property by upregulation of cox-2, as well as immunosuppressive pge-2 production. to understand the role of l. donovani secretory serine protease (psp) in these phenomena, psp was inhibited by its antibody and serine protease inhibitor, aprotinin. western ... | 2014 | 25823228 |
| lys-413 of s-phase mrna cycling sequence binding protein from leishmania donovani (ldcsbp) is modified through monoubiquitination that is responsible for inhibition of its riboendonuclease activity. | in addition to well-known process of proteasome-mediated degradation of polyubiquitinated proteins, monoubiquitination of proteins is also an important post-translational modification that regulates various non-degradative cellular processes like protein trafficking, cellular signalling, dna replication and dna repair. we have previously characterized a multi-domain cycling sequence binding protein ldcsbp from leishmania donovani, which binds specifically to a conserved cauagaag octamer containi ... | 2014 | 25823230 |
| imidazole-containing phthalazine derivatives inhibit fe-sod performance in leishmania species and are active in vitro against visceral and mucosal leishmaniasis. | the in vitro leishmanicidal activity of a series of imidazole-containing phthalazine derivatives 1-4 was tested on leishmania infantum, leishmania braziliensis and leishmania donovani parasites, and their cytotoxicity on j774·2 macrophage cells was also measured. all compounds tested showed selectivity indexes higher than that of the reference drug glucantime for the three leishmania species, and the less bulky monoalkylamino substituted derivatives 2 and 4 were clearly more effective than their ... | 2015 | 25823476 |
| chronic generalized fibrotic skin lesions from disseminated leishmaniasis caused by leishmania martiniquensis in two patients from northern thailand infected with hiv. | leishmaniasis is a newly emerging infection in thailand. most of the previous human cases have presented with the clinical features of visceral leishmaniasis and were mainly found in southern thailand. here we report the first two patients from northern thailand presenting with disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis. | 2015 | 25823707 |
| immunostimulatory potential and proteome profiling of leishmania donovani soluble exogenous antigens. | isolation of the soluble exogenous antigens (seags), its immune response study and proteome profiling is an essential prerequisite for understanding the molecular pathogenesis of leishmania donovani. the immunostimulatory potential of l. donovani seags, purified from culture of l. donovani clinical isolate, was evaluated for their ability to induce cellular responses in treated/cured hamsters. seags induced significant proliferative responses in lymphocytes (si 5.6 ± 2.3; p < 0.01) isolated from ... | 2015 | 25824598 |
| synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-arylbenzimidazoles targeting leishmania donovani. | a set of 56 2-arylbenzimidazoles was designed, synthesized and tested against leishmania donovani amastigotes. the left- and right-hand side rings of the molecule, as well as the amide linker were modified. structurally different derivatives were screened on l. donovani axenic amastigotes at concentrations of 5, 15 and 50 μm, and the ten most active derivatives were selected for further testing. 2-arylbenzimidazole derivative 24 was active against l. donovani-infected thp-1 cells showing 46% par ... | 2015 | 25827525 |
| antineoplastic impact of leishmanial sphingolipid in tumour growth with regulation of angiogenic event and inflammatory response. | very often conventional therapy, i.e. chemotherapeutic treatment, develops resistance in cancer cells and fails to be effective against disease states. an alternative strategy or a new entity may resolve the problem. interestingly, the microbial world has begun to be explored in medicinal research as a potential new source to deliver bio-active molecules such as sphingolipids for efficacious cancer treatment. a sphingolipid of microbial origin, especially from leishmania donovani (lspl), is a no ... | 2015 | 25828883 |
| immunomodulatory and antileishmanial activity of phenylpropanoid dimers isolated from nectandra leucantha. | three phenylpropanoid dimers (1-3) including two new metabolites were isolated from the extract of the twigs of nectandra leucantha using antileishmanial bioassay-guided fractionation. the in vitro antiparasitic activity of the isolated compounds against leishmania donovani parasites and mammalian cytotoxicity and immunomodulatory effects were evaluated. compounds 1-3 were effective against the intracellular amastigotes within macrophages, with ic50 values of 26.7, 17.8, and 101.9 μm, respective ... | 2015 | 25835647 |
| antileishmanial pharmacomodulation in 8-nitroquinolin-2(1h)-one series. | an antileishmanial pharmacomodulation at position 4 of 8-nitroquinolin-2(1h)-one was conducted by using the sonogashira and suzuki-miyaura coupling reactions. a series of 25 derivatives was tested in vitro on the promastigote stage of leishmania donovani along with an in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation on the human hepg2 cell line. only the derivatives bearing a phenyl moiety at position 4 of the quinoline ring displayed interesting biologic profile, when the phenyl moiety was substituted at the p ... | 2015 | 25846065 |
| fitness of leishmania donovani parasites resistant to drug combinations. | drug resistance represents one of the main problems for the use of chemotherapy to treat leishmaniasis. additionally, it could provide some advantages to leishmania parasites, such as a higher capacity to survive in stress conditions. in this work, in mixed populations of leishmania donovani parasites, we have analyzed whether experimentally resistant lines to one or two combined anti-leishmanial drugs better support the stress conditions than a susceptible line expressing luciferase (luc line). ... | 2015 | 25849149 |
| click inspired synthesis of antileishmanial triazolyl o-benzylquercetin glycoconjugates. | the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of deoxy-azido sugars 1 with o-benzylquercetin alkynes (5-7) to afford regioselective triazole-linked o-benzylquercetin glycoconjugates (8-10) was investigated in the presence of cui/dipea in dichloromethane. all the developed glycoconjugates (8-10) were evaluated for anti-leishmanial activity against the promastigotes and amastigotes of leishmania donovani. graphical abstract click inspired synthesis of antileishmanial triazolyl o-benzylquercetin glycoconjugates. | 2015 | 25869315 |
| mapk1 of leishmania donovani modulates antimony susceptibility by downregulating p-glycoprotein efflux pumps. | emergence of resistance to pentavalent antimonials has become a severe obstacle in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) in the indian subcontinent. mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks) are well-known mediators of signal transduction of eukaryotes, regulating important processes, like proliferation, differentiation, stress response, and apoptosis. in leishmania, mapk1 has been shown to be consistently downregulated in antimony-resistant field isolates, suggesting that it has a role i ... | 2015 | 25870075 |
| xenodiagnosis of leishmania donovani in balb/c mice using phlebotomus orientalis: a new laboratory model. | in areas endemic for visceral leishmaniasis (vl), the majority of infected hosts remain asymptomatic but potentially infectious to biting sand flies. their infectiousness for sand fly vectors is crucial for the transmission of the disease and can be quantified only by xenodiagnosis. however, in the case of human hosts, xenodiagnosis can be problematic for ethical and logistic reasons. the balb/c mouse model described in this paper was designed to enable xenodiagnostic studies on vl hosts circumv ... | 2015 | 25881258 |
| sero-prevalence of leishmania donovani infection in labour migrants and entomological risk factors in extra-domestic habitats of kafta-humera lowlands - kala-azar endemic areas in the northwest ethiopia. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) or kala-azar cases in seasonal labour migrants from highland areas are addressed to travel history to the metema-humera lowlands, northwestern ethiopia. factors that affect the incidence of vl in extra-domestic habitats were not evaluated. the aim of this study was to evaluate sero-prevalence of leishmania donovani infection in randomly selected labour migrant workers and entomological risk factors which might affect the incidence of kala-azar. | 2015 | 25884167 |
| therapeutic and immunomodulatory activities of short-course treatment of murine visceral leishmaniasis with kalsome™10, a new liposomal amphotericin b. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl), a potentially fatal disease, is most prevalent in the indian subcontinent, east africa and south america. since the conventional antileishmanial drugs have many limitations we evaluated a new ergosterol rich liposomal amphotericin b formulation, kalsome™10 for its leishmanicidal efficacy, tolerability and immunomodulatory activity. | 2015 | 25884796 |
| leishmania donovani bodies in neutrophils on a peripheral blood smear examination: report of an unusual incident in a clinically unsuspected case. | 2015 | 25885157 | |
| nocturnal periodicity of phlebotomus (larroussius) orientalis (diptera: psychodidae) in an endemic focus of visceral leishmaniasis in northern ethiopia. | phlebotomus orientalis is the major vector of the intramacrophage protozoa, leishmania donovani, the etiological agent of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) in northern ethiopia and sudan. the objective of this study was to determine the nocturnal periodicity of p. orientalis in the vl endemic focus of tahtay adiyabo district, northern ethiopia. | 2015 | 25889314 |
| l-asparaginase as a new molecular target against leishmaniasis: insights into the mechanism of action and structure-based inhibitor design. | l-asparaginases belong to a family of amidohydrolases that catalyze the conversion of l-asparagine into l-aspartic acid and ammonia. although bacterial l-asparaginases have been used extensively as anti-leukemic agents, their possible role as potential drug targets for pathogenic organisms has not been explored. the presence of genes coding for putative l-asparaginase enzymes in the leishmania donovani genome hinted towards the specific role of these enzymes in extending survival benefit to the ... | 2015 | 25893895 |
| chemical and bioassay techniques to authenticate quality of the anti-leishmanial drug miltefosine. | miltefosine, an effective oral treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (vl), was selected in may 2005, by the governments of india, nepal, and bangladesh for the elimination of vl. however, abnormally high treatment failure rates reported in patients in bangladesh, given a miltefosine generic product ("miltefos", popular pharmaceuticals ltd.) during 2008, led the world health organization (who) to procure this formulation for quality testing. proton ((1)h) and phosphorous ((31)p) nuclear magnetic re ... | 2015 | 25897058 |
| correction: recombinant nad-dependent sir-2 protein of leishmania donovani: immunobiochemical characterization as a potential vaccine against visceral leishmaniasis. | [this corrects the article doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003557.]. | 2015 | 25901962 |
| species composition of phlebotomine sand flies and bionomics of phlebotomus orientalis (diptera: psychodidae) in an endemic focus of visceral leishmaniasis in tahtay adiyabo district, northern ethiopia. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is a neglected tropical disease, which is strongly associated with poverty. vl caused by leishmania donovani and transmitted by phlebotomus orientalis is endemic in various remote areas of north and north-west ethiopia. the present study was designed to determine the sand fly fauna and bionomics of p. orientalis in the vl endemic focus of tahtay adiyabo district. | 2015 | 25907252 |
| anthocephaline, a new indole alkaloid and cadambine, a potent inhibitor of dna topoisomerase ib of leishmania donovani (ldtop1ls), isolated from anthocephalus cadamba. | chemical investigation of the stem bark of anthocephalus cadamba has resulted in the isolation of anthocephaline (1), a new indole alkaloid, along with strictosamide (2), vincosamide (3) and cadambine (4). the structures of the isolated alkaloids (1-4) were established by detailed 2d nmr spectral analysis. cadambine (4) exhibited potent dna topoisomerase ib inhibitory activity. | 2015 | 25920266 |
| targeted chemotherapy of visceral leishmaniasis by lactoferrin-appended amphotericin b-loaded nanoreservoir: in vitro and in vivo studies. | exploitation of lactoferrin-appended amphotericin b bearing nanoreservoir (lcfpgnp-amb) for targeted eradication of leishmania donovani. | 2015 | 25929567 |
| therapeutic efficacy of artemisinin-loaded nanoparticles in experimental visceral leishmaniasis. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is a fatal vector-borne parasitic syndrome attributable to the protozoa of the leishmania donovani complex. the available chemotherapeutic options are not ideal due to their potential toxicity, high cost and prolonged treatment schedule. in the present study, we conjectured the use of nano drug delivery systems for plant-derived secondary metabolite; artemisinin as an alternative strategy for the treatment of experimental vl. artemisinin-loaded poly lactic co-glycolic ... | 2015 | 25936561 |
| 2,6,9-trisubstituted purines as crk3 kinase inhibitors with antileishmanial activity in vitro. | here we describe the leishmanicidal activities of a library of 2,6,9-trisubstituted purines that were screened for interaction with cdc2-related protein kinase 3 (crk3) and subsequently for activity against parasitic leishmania species. the most active compound inhibited recombinant crk3 with an ic50 value of 162 nm and was active against leishmania major and leishmania donovani at low micromolar concentrations in vitro. its mode of binding to crk3 was investigated by molecular docking using a h ... | 2015 | 25937014 |
| leishmania donovani p23 protects parasites against hsp90 inhibitor-mediated growth arrest. | in leishmania donovani, the hsp90 chaperone complex plays an essential role in the control of the parasite's life cycle, general viability and infectivity. several of the associated co-chaperones were also shown to be essential for viability and/or infectivity to mammalian cells. here, we identify and describe the co-chaperone p23 and distinguish its function from that of the structurally related small heat shock protein hsp23. p23 is expressed constitutively and associates itself with members o ... | 2015 | 25948161 |
| hat3-mediated acetylation of pcna precedes pcna monoubiquitination following exposure to uv radiation in leishmania donovani. | histone modifications impact various processes. in examining histone acetyltranferase hat3 of leishmania donovani, we find elimination of hat3 causes decreased cell viability due to defects in histone deposition, and aberrant cell cycle progression pattern. hat3 associates with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pcna), helping load pcna onto chromatin in proliferating cells. hat3-nulls show heightened sensitivity to uv radiation. following uv exposure, pcna cycles off/on chromatin only in cells ... | 2015 | 25948582 |
| host-feeding preference of phlebotomus orientalis (diptera: psychodidae) in an endemic focus of visceral leishmaniasis in northern ethiopia. | blood-feeding behavior studies are important for estimating the efficiency of pathogen transmission and assessing the relative human disease risk. however, in ethiopia and other parts of east africa there are large remaining gaps in identifying the feeding habits of phlebotomus orientalis, the vector of leishmania donovani. the aim of the study was to determine the blood feeding patterns of p. orientalis in tahtay adiyabo district, northern ethiopia. | 2015 | 25963759 |
| uncovering leishmania-macrophage interplay using imaging flow cytometry. | host-pathogen interaction is an area of considerable interest. intracellular parasites such as leishmania reside inside phagocytes such as macrophages, dendritic cells and neutrophils. macrophages can be activated by cytokines such as ifn-γ and toll like receptor (tlr) agonists resulting in enhanced microbicidal activity. leishmania parasites hijack the microbicidal function of macrophages, mainly by interfering with intracellular signaling initiated by ifn-γ and tlr ligands. here we used transg ... | 2015 | 25967951 |
| platelet-activating factor receptor contributes to antileishmanial function of miltefosine. | miltefosine [hexadecylphosphocholine (hpc)] is the only orally bioavailable drug for the disease visceral leishmaniasis, which is caused by the protozoan parasite leishmania donovani. although miltefosine has direct leishmanicidal effects, evidence is mounting for its immune system-dependent effects. the mechanism of such indirect antileishmanial effects of miltefosine remains to be discovered. as platelet-activating factor and hpc share structural semblances and both induce killing of intracell ... | 2015 | 25980013 |
| leishmania donovani influenced cytokines and toll-like receptors expression among sudanese visceral leishmaniasis patients. | leishmaniasis remains a serious health problem. the outcome of leishmania infection depends on the early innate response. in this study, whole blood samples of 40 patients with visceral leishmaniasis (vl), 10 leishmanin skin test-negative (lst-ve) controls and 10 leishmanin skin test-positive (lst+ve) controls were stimulated by live l. donovani promastigotes. also, thp1 human cell line was infected with l. donovani. the production of interleukin 10 (il-10), tumour necrosis factor alpha (tnf) an ... | 2015 | 25982946 |
| visceral leishmaniasis with roth spots. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is caused by the protozoan parasite leishmania donovani and transmitted by the bite of infected sandfly phlebotomus argentipes. the protozoa is obliged intracellularly and causes a wide spectrum of clinical syndromes: vl ('kala azar'), cutaneous leishmaniasis and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (espundia). kala azar is the most aggressive form and if untreated causes high mortality. here, we describe a case of vl that presented to us with high-grade fever and found to hav ... | 2014 | 25988048 |
| a novel triterpene from astraeus hygrometricus induces reactive oxygen species leading to death in leishmania donovani. | the effect of astrakurkurone, a novel triterpene, isolated from indian mushroom astraeus hygrometricus has been investigated to elucidate the mechanisms involved in selective cell death of leishmania donovani. | 2015 | 26000650 |
| studies on the protective efficacy of freeze thawed promastigote antigen of leishmania donovani along with various adjuvants against visceral leishmaniasis infection in mice. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) caused by leishmania donovani persists as a major public health issue in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. current treatment of this disease relies on use of drugs. it is doubtful that chemotherapy can alone eradicate the disease, so there is a need for an effective vaccine. killed antigen candidates remain a good prospect considering their ease of formulation, stability, low cost and safety. to enhance the efficacy of killed vaccines suitable adjuvant and ... | 2015 | 26001730 |
| synthesis and in vitro screening of 29, 30-dibromo-28-oxoallobetulin against parasitic protozoans, leishmania donovani and leishmania major. | a simple synthesis and in vitro antileishmanial activity of 29,30-dibromo-28-oxoallobetulin against the parasitic protozoans, leishmania donovani and leishmania major is described. the structure of the compound is established on the basis of spectral data (ir, nmr, ms). both the antiproliferative effect and the cell cycle progression were studied. | 2017 | 26009654 |
| in vivo selection of paromomycin and miltefosine resistance in leishmania donovani and l. infantum in a syrian hamster model. | in 2002 and 2006, respectively, miltefosine (mil) and paromomycin (pmm) were licensed in the indian subcontinent for treatment of visceral leishmaniasis; however, their future routine use might become jeopardized by the development of drug resistance. although experimental selection of resistant strains in vitro has repeatedly been reported using the less relevant promastigote vector stage, the outcome of resistance selection on intracellular amastigotes was reported to be protocol and species d ... | 2015 | 26014955 |
| comparison of bloodmeal digestion and the peritrophic matrix in four sand fly species differing in susceptibility to leishmania donovani. | the early stage of leishmania development in sand flies is closely connected with bloodmeal digestion. here we compared various parameters of bloodmeal digestion in sand flies that are either susceptible (phlebotomus argentipes and p. orientalis) or refractory (p. papatasi and sergentomyia schwetzi) to leishmania donovani, to study the effects on vector competence. the volume of the bloodmeal ingested, time of defecation of bloodmeal remnants, timing of formation and degradation of the peritroph ... | 2015 | 26030610 |
| interaction of frataxin, an iron binding protein, with iscu of fe-s clusters biogenesis pathway and its upregulation in ampb resistant leishmania donovani. | leishmania donovani is a unicellular protozoon parasite that causes visceral leishmaniasis (vl), which is a fatal disease if left untreated. certain fe-s proteins of the tca cycle and respiratory chain have been found in the leishmania parasite but the precise mechanisms for their biogenesis and the maturation of fe-s clusters remains unknown. fe-s clusters are ubiquitous cofactors of proteins that perform critical cellular functions. the clusters are biosynthesized by the mitochondrial iron-sul ... | 2015 | 26032732 |
| green synthesis of silver and titanium dioxide nanoparticles using euphorbia prostrata extract shows shift from apoptosis to g0/g1 arrest followed by necrotic cell death in leishmania donovani. | the aim of the present study was to synthesize silver (ag) and titanium dioxide (tio2) nanoparticles (nps) using green synthesis from aqueous leaf extract of euphorbia prostrata as antileishmanial agents and to explore the underlying molecular mechanism of induced cell death. in vitro antileishmanial activity of synthesized nps was tested against promastigotes of leishmania donovani by alamarblue and propidium iodide uptake assays. antileishmanial activity of synthesized nps on intracellular ama ... | 2015 | 26033724 |
| genetically engineered ascorbic acid-deficient live mutants of leishmania donovani induce long lasting protective immunity against visceral leishmaniasis. | visceral leishmaniasis caused by leishmania donovani is the most severe systemic form of the disease. there are still no vaccines available for humans and there are limitations associated with the current therapeutic regimens for leishmaniasis. recently, we reported functional importance of arabino-1, 4-lactone oxidase (alo) enzyme from l. donovani involved in ascorbate biosynthesis pathway. in this study, we have shown that δalo parasites do not affect the ability of null mutants to invade visc ... | 2015 | 26035062 |
| pls-prediction and confirmation of hydrojuglone glucoside as the antitrypanosomal constituent of juglans spp. | naphthoquinones (nqs) occur naturally in a large variety of plants. several nqs are highly active against protozoans, amongst them the causative pathogens of neglected tropical diseases such as human african trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), chagas disease and leishmaniasis. prominent nq-producing plants can be found among juglans spp. (juglandaceae) with juglone derivatives as known constituents. in this study, 36 highly variable extracts were prepared from different plant parts of j. regia, ... | 2015 | 26035104 |
| effect of different serine protease inhibitors in validating the 115 kda leishmania donovani secretory serine protease as chemotherapeutic target. | proteases have been considered as an important group of targets for development of antiprotozoal drugs due to their essential roles in host-parasite interactions, parasite immune evasion, life cycle transition and pathogenesis of parasitic diseases. the development of potent and selective serine protease inhibitors targeting l. donovani secretory serine protease (psp) could pave the way to the discovery of potential antileishmanial drugs. here, we employed different classical serine protease inh ... | 2015 | 26040107 |
| irf-5-mediated inflammation limits cd8+ t cell expansion by inducing hif-1α and impairing dendritic cell functions during leishmania infection. | inflammation is known to be necessary for promoting, sustaining, and tuning cd8+ t cell responses. following experimental leishmania donovani infection, the inflammatory response is mainly induced by the transcription factor irf-5. irf-5 is responsible for the activation of several genes encoding key pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as il-6 and tnf. here, we investigate the role of irf-5-mediated inflammation in regulating antigen-specific cd8+ t cell responses during l. donovani infection. our ... | 2015 | 26046638 |
| macyranones: structure, biosynthesis, and binding mode of an unprecedented epoxyketone that targets the 20s proteasome. | in our screening efforts to identify unique scaffolds from myxobacteria for the drug discovery process, we used lc-spe-nmr-ms techniques to isolate six linear peptides, termed macyranone a-f, from cystobacter fuscus mcy9118. the macyranones are characterized by a rare 2-methylmalonamide moiety and an α-amino ketone fragment including an α',β'-epoxyketone in macyranone a. gene disruption experiments confirmed the biosynthetic gene cluster of the macyranones as pks/nrps hybrid. detailed in silico ... | 2015 | 26050527 |
| in vitro activity and in vivo efficacy of a combination therapy of diminazene and chloroquine against murine visceral leishmaniasis. | the present study evaluated the in vitro activity and in vivo efficacy of diminazene combined with chloroquine as a potential drug against leishmania donovani. amphotericin b was used as a positive control drug. in vitro activity involved incubation of various drug concentrations with promastigotes or vero cells in culture before determination of parasite growth inhibition or cell death while in vivo evaluations involved infection of various mice groups with virulent l. donovani parasites and tr ... | 2015 | 26060445 |
| serological survey and associated risk factors of visceral leish-maniasis in qom province, central iran. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) or kala-azar is considered as a parasitic disease caused by the species of leishmania donovani complex which is intracellular parasites. this systemic disease is endemic in some parts of provinc-es of iran. the aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of vl in qom province, central iran using di-rect agglutination test (dat). | 2014 | 26060679 |
| [development and application of rapid molecular method for detection of asymptomatic infection of leishmania]. | to develop a rapid molecular biological method for detection of the asymptomatic infection of leishmania. | 2015 | 26094413 |
| elevated ergosterol protects leishmania parasites against antimony-generated stress. | parasite lipids can serve as signaling molecules, important membrane components, energy suppliers, and pathogenesis factors critical for survival. functional roles of lipid changes in response to drug-generated stress in parasite survival remains unclear. to investigate this, leishmania donovani parasites, the causative agents of kala-azar, were exposed to the antileishmanial agent potassium antimony tartrate (pat) (half-maximal inhibitory concentration ∼ 284 µg/ml). analysis of cell extracts us ... | 2015 | 26116701 |
| leptin augments protective immune responses in murine macrophages and enhances potential of miltefosine against experimental visceral leishmaniasis. | adverse side effects and drug resistance issues are the two most important drawbacks which influence the widespread use of existing antileishmanial drugs. use of immune stimulating agent with standard antileishmanial might be helpful to minimize the toxic effect of drug, shorten the dose regimen and delay the emergence of resistance. in the present study, we explored the in vitro immunomodulatory potential of an immunomodulator, leptin with lower concentration of standard drug, miltefosine. the ... | 2015 | 26119043 |
| development of an immunochromatographic test for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis based on detection of a circulating antigen. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is a life-threatening disease caused by protozoan parasites of the leishmania donovani complex. early case detection followed by adequate treatment is essential to the control of vl. however, the available diagnostic tests are either invasive and require considerable expertise (parasitological demonstration of the parasite in tissue smears) or unable to distinguish between past and active infection (serological methods). therefore, we aimed to develop a lateral flow a ... | 2015 | 26125560 |
| a novel method of combining periodic acid schiff staining with wright-giemsa staining to identify the pathogens penicillium marneffei, histoplasma capsulatum, mucor and leishmania donovani in bone marrow smears. | penicillium marneffei, histoplasma capsulatum, mucor and leishmania donovani can lead to penicilliosis marneffei, histoplasmosis, mucormycosis and leishmaniasis, respectively, which, to a certain extent, share similar clinical manifestations. these pathogens are approximately the same size, therefore it is relatively difficult to rapidly diagnose the diseases. the aim of the present study was to explore a novel method that attempts to rapidly identify the pathogens of these diseases. in the wrig ... | 2015 | 26136921 |
| irak-m regulates the inhibition of tlr-mediated macrophage immune response during late in vitro leishmania donovani infection. | intramacrophage protozoan parasite leishmania donovani, causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis, escapes toll-like receptor (tlr) dependent early host immune response by inducing the deubiquitinating enzyme a20, which is sustained up to 6 h postinfection only. therefore, leishmania must apply other means to deactivate late host responses. here, we elucidated the role of il-1 receptor-associated kinase m (irak-m), a negative regulator of tlr signaling, in downregulating macrophage proinflammato ... | 2015 | 26140693 |
| inhibition studies of bacterial, fungal and protozoan β-class carbonic anhydrases with schiff bases incorporating sulfonamide moieties. | a series of new schiff bases derived from sulfanilamide, 3-fluorosulfanilamide or 4-(2-aminoethyl)-benzenesulfonamide containing either a hydrophobic or a hydrophilic tail, have been investigated as inhibitors of three β-carbonic anhydrases (ca, ec 4.2.1.1) from three different microorganisms. their antifungal, antibacterial and antiprotozoan activities have been determined against the pathogenic fungus cryptococcus neoformans, the bacterial pathogen brucella suis and the protozoan parasite leis ... | 2015 | 26145821 |
| exposure to leishmania spp. and sand flies in domestic animals in northwestern ethiopia. | human visceral leishmaniasis caused by leishmania donovani is considered an anthroponosis; however, leishmania-infected animals have been increasingly reported in l. donovani foci, and the role of these animals as reservoirs for human l. donovani infection remains unclear. | 2015 | 26152578 |
| [two cases of visceral leishmaniasis from kahramanmaraş, turkey]. | turkey is an endemic area for cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) according to the data of world health organization. cl is more widely distributed in sanliurfa region (located at south-eastern part of anatolia) of turkey, while visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is reported sporadically from all parts of turkey, especially in pediatric cases. however vl has not been reported from our region yet. here we report two cases of vl from kahramanmaraş region (located at eastern part of south anatolia), one of which ... | 2015 | 26167831 |
| genetically modified live attenuated leishmania donovani parasites induce innate immunity through classical activation of macrophages that direct the th1 response in mice. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) causes significant mortality and there is no effective vaccine. previously, we have shown that genetically modified leishmania donovani parasites, here described as live attenuated parasites, induce a host protective adaptive immune response in various animal models. in this study, we demonstrate an innate immune response upon infection with live attenuated parasites in macrophages from balb/c mice both in vitro and in vivo. in vitro infection of macrophages with live ... | 2015 | 26169275 |
| leishmania donovani infection drives the priming of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells during plasmodium falciparum co-infections. | functional impairment of dendritic cells (dcs) is part of a survival strategy evolved by leishmania and plasmodium parasites to evade host immune responses. here, the effects of co-exposing human monocyte-derived dcs to leishmania donovani promastigotes and plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes were investigated. co-stimulation resulted in a dual, dose-dependent effect on dc differentiation which ranged from semi-mature cells, secreting low interleukin(-12p70 levels to a complete lack of p ... | 2015 | 26173941 |
| inadequacy of 12-week miltefosine treatment for indian post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. | post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (pkdl) is a chronic dermatosis that generally occurs after apparent cure of visceral leishmaniasis caused by leishmania donovani. in view of the prolonged treatment regimens necessary for pkdl, noncompliance is a major limitation; an optimal regimen is yet to be defined, but 12 weeks of therapy with miltefosine is generally recommended. we performed a single-arm open-label trial of miltefosine administered daily for 16 weeks in 27 patients in kolkata with pkdl ... | 2015 | 26175030 |
| antileishmanial effect of mevastatin is due to interference with sterol metabolism. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is one of the most severe forms of leishmaniasis which is fatal if left untreated. sterol biosynthetic pathway in leishmania is currently being explored for its therapeutic potential. in the present study, we have evaluated the antileishmanial efficacy of mevastatin, a known inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl-coa reductase (hmgr) enzyme. mevastatin inhibited leishmania donovani promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes with an 50% inhibitory concentration (ic5 ... | 2015 | 26183607 |
| anti-protozoal activities of cembrane-type diterpenes from vietnamese soft corals. | based on our previous finding that certain cembranoid diterpenes possess selective toxicity against protozoan pathogens of tropical diseases such as trypanosoma and plasmodium, we have subjected a series of 34 cembranes isolated from soft corals living in the vietnamese sea to an in vitro screening for anti-protozoal activity against trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (tbr), t. cruzi (tc), leishmania donovani (ld), and plasmodium falciparum (pf). twelve of the tested compounds displayed significant ... | 2015 | 26184133 |
| use of a clinical tool for screening and diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis in sri lanka. | cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) was first detected in sri lanka in 1992.local disease is caused by a genetically different variant of leishmania donovani. early case detection and management is the mainstay of l. donovani control. high degree of clinical suspicion is critical but a clinical diagnostic tool is not available for leishmaniasis. current study described, for the first time, a two-staged clinical algorhythm that facilitates screening of cl in sri lanka by primary health care worker in st ... | 2015 | 26184581 |
| crispr-cas9-mediated genome editing in leishmania donovani. | the prokaryotic crispr (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat)-cas9, an rna-guided endonuclease, has been shown to mediate efficient genome editing in a wide variety of organisms. in the present study, the crispr-cas9 system has been adapted to leishmania donovani, a protozoan parasite that causes fatal human visceral leishmaniasis. we introduced the cas9 nuclease into l. donovani and generated guide rna (grna) expression vectors by using the l. donovani rrna promoter and the ... | 2015 | 26199327 |
| ifn-γ-induced macrophage antileishmanial mechanisms in mice: a role for immunity-related gtpases, irgm1 and irgm3, in leishmania donovani infection in the liver. | in c57bl/6 mice, leishmania donovani infection in the liver provoked ifn-γ-induced expression of the immunity-related gtpases (irg), irgm1 and irgm3. to gauge the antileishmanial effects of these macrophage factors in the liver, intracellular infection was analyzed in irg-deficient mice. in early- (but not late-) stage infection, irgm3(-/-) mice failed to properly control parasite replication, generated little tissue inflammation and were hyporesponsive to pentavalent antimony (sb) chemotherapy. ... | 2015 | 26208780 |
| the proliferation potential of promastigotes of the main leishmania species of the old world in nnn culture medium prepared using blood of four different mammals. | the efficacy of the in vitro cultivation of promastigotes of four leishmania spp. was tested in the biphasic novy-macneal-nicolle (nnn) medium prepared using blood from different animals (horse, donkey, goat and sheep). the aim was to test which nnn preparation gave the best yield in the shortest time for different parasite species, in order to obtain a large crop of promastigotes for experimental work and for antigen preparation. promastigotes of leishmania infantum, leishmania donovani, leishm ... | 2015 | 26219203 |
| the leishmania donovani peroxin 14 binding domain accommodates a high degeneracy in the pentapeptide motifs present on peroxin 5. | the glycosome is a unique organelle found in kinetoplastids known to compartmentalize vital metabolic pathways including glycolysis, β-fatty acid oxidation and purine salvage. organelle biogenesis depends on a network of proteins for trafficking and translocation of nascent protein into the glycosome. the interaction of the proteins ldpex14 and ldpex5 at the glycosome membrane is crucial for targeting proteins into this organelle. | 2015 | 26231924 |
| eleven microbial metabolites of 6-hydroxyflavanone. | 6-hydroxyflavanone (1) when fermented with fungal culture cunninghamella blakesleeana (atcc 8688a) yielded flavanone 6-o-β-d-glucopyranoside (2), flavanone 6-sulfate (3), and 6-hydroxyflavanone 7-sulfate (4). aspergillus alliaceus (atcc 10060) also transformed 1 to metabolite 3 as well as 4'-hydroxyflavanone 6-sulfate (5) and 6,4'-dihydroxyflavanone (6). beauveria bassiana (atcc 7159) metabolized 1 to 6 and flavanone 6-o-β-d-4-o-methyglucopyranoside (7). mucor ramannianus (atcc 9628) transformed ... | 2015 | 26235165 |
| bacterial, fungal and protozoan carbonic anhydrases as drug targets. | the carbonic anhydrases (cas, ec 4.2.1.1), a group of ubiquitously expressed metalloenzymes, are involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes, as well as in the growth and virulence of pathogens belonging to bacteria, fungi and protozoa. | 2015 | 26235676 |
| 2-phenoxy-1,4-naphthoquinones: from a multitarget antitrypanosomal to a potential antitumor profile. | a small library of 2-phenoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone and 2-phenoxy-1,4-anthraquinone derivatives was initially developed to optimize the antitrypanosomatid profile of the multitarget hit compound b6 (1). the whole series was evaluated against the three most important human trypanosomatid pathogens (trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, trypanosoma cruzi, and leishmania donovani), and two compounds (14 and 21) showed good activity, despite a concomitant mammalian cytotoxicity. furthermore, a subset also inh ... | 2015 | 26237241 |
| a novel molecular test to diagnose canine visceral leishmaniasis at the point of care. | dogs are the principal reservoir hosts of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (vl) but current serological methods are not sensitive enough to detect all subclinically infected animals, which is crucial to vl control programs. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) methods have greater sensitivity but require expensive equipment and trained personnel, impairing its implementation in endemic areas. we developed a diagnostic test that uses isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification (rpa) to detect leish ... | 2015 | 26240156 |
| diagnostic accuracy of rk28-based immunochromatographic rapid diagnostic tests for visceral leishmaniasis: a prospective clinical cohort study in sudan. | rapid diagnostic tests (rdts) for visceral leishmaniasis (vl) based on rk39 antigen showed suboptimal sensitivity in east africa. a prospective clinical cohort study in sudan was designed to validate a novel rk28-based rdt for leishmania donovani vl. | 2015 | 26246251 |
| search for antiprotozoal activity in herbal medicinal preparations; new natural leads against neglected tropical diseases. | sleeping sickness, chagas disease, leishmaniasis, and malaria are infectious diseases caused by unicellular eukaryotic parasites ("protozoans"). the three first mentioned are classified as neglected tropical diseases (ntds) by the world health organization and together threaten more than one billion lives worldwide. due to the lack of research interest and the high increase of resistance against the existing treatments, the search for effective and safe new therapies is urgently required. in vie ... | 2015 | 26248069 |
| transmission of leishmania donovani in the hills of eastern nepal, an outbreak investigation in okhaldhunga and bhojpur districts. | in the indian subcontinent, visceral leishmaniasis is endemic in a geographical area coinciding with the lower gangetic plain, at low altitude. vl occurring in residents of hill districts is therefore often considered the result of leishmania donovani infection during travel. early 2014 we conducted an outbreak investigation in okhaldhunga and bhojpur districts in the nepal hills where increasing number of vl cases have been reported. | 2015 | 26252494 |
| lack of correlation between the promastigote back-transformation assay and miltefosine treatment outcome. | widespread antimony resistance in the indian subcontinent has enforced a therapy shift in visceral leishmaniasis treatment primarily towards miltefosine and secondarily also towards paromomycin. in vitro selection of miltefosine resistance in leishmania donovani turned out to be quite challenging. although no increase in ic50 was detected in the standard intracellular amastigote susceptibility assay, promastigote back-transformation remained positive at high miltefosine concentrations, suggestin ... | 2015 | 26253089 |
| a network map of interleukin-10 signaling pathway. | interleukin-10 (il-10) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine with important immunoregulatory functions. it is primarily secreted by antigen-presenting cells such as activated t-cells, monocytes, b-cells and macrophages. in biologically functional form, it exists as a homodimer that binds to tetrameric heterodimer il-10 receptor and induces downstream signaling. il-10 is associated with survival, proliferation and anti-apoptotic activities of various cancers such as burkitt lymphoma, non-hodgkins lymp ... | 2016 | 26253919 |
| immunological comparison of dna vaccination using two delivery systems against canine leishmaniasis. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is a fatal disease caused by the intracellular protozoan parasite leishmania infantum. dogs are the primary reservoirs of this parasite, and vaccination of dogs could be an effective method to reduce its transfer to humans. in order to develop a vaccine against vl (apart from the choice of immunogenic candidate antigens), it is necessary to use an appropriate delivery system to promote a proper antigen-specific immune response. in this study, we compared two vaccine d ... | 2015 | 26255093 |
| immunogenicity and efficacy of recombinant 78 kda antigen of leishmania donovani formulated in various adjuvants against murine visceral leishmaniasis. | to analyze the protective efficacy of recombinant 78 kda antigen of leishmania donovani in combination with two adjuvants, that is, cationic liposomes or mpl-a against visceral leishmaniasis in balb/c mice. | 2015 | 26276280 |
| antimony-resistant leishmania donovani exploits mir-466i to deactivate host myd88 for regulating il-10/il-12 levels during early hours of infection. | infection with antimony-resistant leishmania donovani (sb(r)ld) induces aggressive pathology in the mammalian hosts as compared with ones with antimony-sensitive l. donovani (sb(s)ld) infection. sb(r)ld, but not sb(s)ld, interacts with tlr2/tlr6 to induce il-10 by exploiting p50/c-rel subunits of nf-κb in infected macrophages (mϕs). most of the tlrs exploit the universal adaptor protein myd88 to activate nf-κb. we now show that infection of mϕs from myd88(-/-) mice with sb(r)ld gave rise to sign ... | 2015 | 26283478 |
| hepatic stellate cells regulate liver immunity to visceral leishmaniasis through p110δ-dependent induction and expansion of regulatory t cells in mice. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is associated with severe immune dysfunction and if untreated leads to death. because the liver is one of the primary target organs in vl, unraveling the mechanisms governing the local hepatic immune response is important for understanding the immunopathogenesis of vl. we previously reported that mice with inactivating knockin mutation in the p110δ gene (p110δ(d910a) ) are resistant to vl, due in part to impaired regulatory t-cell (treg) expansion. in this study, we i ... | 2016 | 26289140 |
| physiological age structure and leishmania spp. detection in phlebotomus (larroussius) orientalis (parrot, 1936) (diptera: psychodidae) at an endemic focus of visceral leishmaniasis in northern ethiopia. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) caused by leishmania donovani is endemic in northern ethiopia, where p. orientalis is the most important presumed vector. this study was designed to determine the physiological age structure and the occurrence of leishmania infection in the vector of vl in tahtay adiyabo district, northern ethiopia. sand flies were collected using cdc light traps from peridomestic and agricultural fields between may 2011 and april 2012 and p. orientalis females were dissected for age ... | 2015 | 26294920 |
| over-expression of cysteine leucine rich protein is related to sag resistance in clinical isolates of leishmania donovani. | resistance emergence against antileishmanial drugs, particularly sodium antimony gluconate (sag) has severely hampered the therapeutic strategy against visceral leishmaniasis, the mechanism of resistance being indistinguishable. cysteine leucine rich protein (clrp), was recognized as one of the overexpressed proteins in resistant isolates, as observed in differential proteomics between sensitive and resistant isolates of l. donovani. the present study deals with the characterization of clrp and ... | 2015 | 26295340 |
| mannose-binding lectin (mbl) as a susceptible host factor influencing indian visceral leishmaniasis. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl), caused by leishmania donovani is endemic in the indian sub-continent. mannose-binding lectin (mbl) is a complement lectin protein that binds to the surface of leishmania promastigotes and results in activation of the complement lectin cascade. we utilized samples of 218 vl patients and 215 healthy controls from an indian population. mbl2 functional variants were genotyped and the circulating mbl serum levels were measured. mbl serum levels were elevated in patients c ... | 2015 | 26297290 |
| immunomodulation of host-protective immune response by regulating foxp3 expression and treg function in leishmania-infected balb/c mice: critical role of irf1. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl), caused by a protozoan parasite leishmania donovani, is still a threat to mankind due to treatment failure, drug resistance and coinfection with hiv. the limitations of first-line drugs have led to the development of new strategies to combat this dreaded disease. recently, we have shown the immunomodulatory property of ara-lam, a tlr2 ligand, against leishmanial pathogenesis. in this study, we have extended our study to the effect of ara-lam on regulatory t cells in a ... | 2015 | 26297915 |
| terrenolide s, a new antileishmanial butenolide from the endophytic fungus aspergillus terreus. | terrenolide s, a new butenolide derivative (6), together with six known compounds: (22e,24r)-stigmasta-5,7,22-trien-3-β-ol (1), stigmast-4-ene-3-one (2), stigmasta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one (3), terretonin a (4), terretonin (5) and butyrolactone vi (7) have been isolated from the endophytic fungus aspergillus terreus isolated from the roots of carthamus lanatus (asteraceae). their structures were established by extensive spectroscopic analyses (1d, 2d nmr and hresims), as well as optical rotati ... | 2016 | 26299734 |
| structure-based design of inhibitors of the crucial cysteine biosynthetic pathway enzyme o-acetyl serine sulfhydrylase. | the cysteine biosynthetic pathway is of fundamental importance for the growth, survival, and pathogenicity of the many pathogens. this pathway is present in many species but is absent in mammals. the ability of pathogens to counteract the oxidative defences of a host is critical for the survival of these pathogens during their long latent phases, especially in anaerobic pathogens such as entamoeba histolytica, leishmania donovani, trichomonas vaginalis, and salmonella typhimurium. all of these o ... | 2016 | 26303427 |
| case report: no response to liposomal daunorubicin in a patient with drug-resistant hiv-associated visceral leishmaniasis. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) in patients with hiv co-infection presents a significant therapeutic challenge due to the lessened chance of achieving long-term cure. we report a case of vl in a 60-year-old man with hiv infection who became refractory to anti-leishmania treatment due to multi-drug resistance. in the face of a worsening clinical situation, and with no other options available, he was treated with an experimental regimen of liposomal daunorubicin, which has previously been shown to hav ... | 2015 | 26305562 |
| developing imidazole analogues as potential inhibitor for leishmania donovani trypanothione reductase: virtual screening, molecular docking, dynamics and admet approach. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) affects indian subcontinent, african and south american continent, and it covers 70 countries worldwide. visceral form of leishmaniasis is caused by leishmania donovani in indian subcontinent which is lethal if left untreated. extensive resistance to antileishmanial drugs such as sodium stibogluconate, pentamidine and miltefosine and their decreased efficacy has been reported in the endemic region. amphotericin b drug has shown good antileishmanial activity with signi ... | 2015 | 26305585 |
| a proteomic map of the unsequenced kala-azar vector phlebotomus papatasi using cell line. | the debilitating disease kala-azar or visceral leishmaniasis is caused by the kinetoplastid protozoan parasite leishmania donovani. the parasite is transmitted by the hematophagous sand fly vector of the genus phlebotomus in the old world and lutzomyia in the new world. the predominant phlebotomine species associated with the transmission of kala-azar are phlebotomus papatasi and phlebotomus argentipes. understanding the molecular interaction of the sand fly and leishmania, during the developmen ... | 2015 | 26307495 |
| antimicrobial and antileishmanial activities of diterpenoids isolated from the roots of salvia deserta. | four diterpenes with biological activity were isolated from salvia deserta roots. taxodione was considered leishmanicidal with an ic50 value of 1.46 µm (0.46 mg/l) against leishmania donovani and also exhibited antifungal and antimicrobial activities. ferruginol displayed the greatest activity [24-h ic50 of 4.5 µm (1.29 mg/l)] against the fish pathogenic bacteria streptococcus iniae. the crude extract fraction that contained the isolated compounds 7-o-acetylhorminone and horminone showed stronge ... | 2016 | 26308356 |
| leptomonas seymouri: adaptations to the dixenous life cycle analyzed by genome sequencing, transcriptome profiling and co-infection with leishmania donovani. | the co-infection cases involving dixenous leishmania spp. (mostly of the l. donovani complex) and presumably monoxenous trypanosomatids in immunocompromised mammalian hosts including humans are well documented. the main opportunistic parasite has been identified as leptomonas seymouri of the sub-family leishmaniinae. the molecular mechanisms allowing a parasite of insects to withstand elevated temperature and substantially different conditions of vertebrate tissues are not understood. here we de ... | 2015 | 26317207 |