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effects of vanadate supply on plant growth, cu accumulation, and antioxidant capacities in triticum aestivum l.the effects of normal vanadate (v) supply (40 μm) on copper (cu) accumulation, plant growth and reduction in cu toxicity in wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum l.) were investigated. the results showed cu accumulation (mg g(-1 )dw) in the applied v treatment was about 10.2 % in shoots and 16.7 % in roots higher up on exposure to excess cu (300 μm) than that observed only in excess cu plants. compared with the treatment of the normal concentration used in hoagland's culture solution cu (0.6 μm), e ...201323824494
molecular characterization of field resistance to fusarium head blight in two us soft red winter wheat cultivars.in the soft red winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) regions of the us, fusarium head blight (fhb, caused by fusarium spp.) resistance derived from locally adapted germplasm has been used predominantly. two soft red winter wheat cultivars, massey and ernie, have moderate resistance to fhb. mapping populations derived from becker/massey (b/m) and ernie/mo 94-317 (e/mo) were evaluated for fhb resistance and other traits in multiple environments. eight qtl in b/m and five qtl in e/mo were associated ...201323832049
molecular cytogenetic characterization of a new wheat-rye 4r chromosome translocation line resistant to powdery mildew.rye is an important and valuable gene resource for wheat improvement. however, due to extensive growing of cultivars with disease resistance genes from short arm of rye chromosome 1r and coevolution of pathogen virulence and host resistance, these cultivars successively lost resistance to pathogens. identification and deployment of new resistance gene sources in rye are, therefore, of especial importance and urgency. a new wheat-rye line, designated as wr41-1, was produced through distant hybrid ...201323836161
retrotransposon insertional polymorphism in iranian bread wheat cultivars and breeding lines revealed by irap and remap markers.inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphisms (iraps) and retrotransposon-microsatellite amplified polymorphisms (remaps) were used to detect retrotransposon integration events and genetic diversity in 101 iranian bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars and breeding lines. the 9 irap primers amplified 128 loci, and 20 remap primers amplified 263 loci. percentage of polymorphic loci, average expected heterozygosity, number of effective alleles, and shannon's information index for the remap m ...201323839088
microspore embryogenesis in wheat: new marker genes for early, middle and late stages of embryo development.microspore embryogenesis involves reprogramming of the pollen immature cell towards embryogenesis. we have identified and characterized a collection of 14 genes induced along different morphological phases of microspore-derived embryo development in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) anther culture. serks and flas genes previously associated with somatic embryogenesis and reproductive tissues, respectively, were also included in this analysis. genes involved in signalling mechanisms such as tatpd1-lik ...201323839308
expression of a potato antimicrobial peptide sn1 increases resistance to take-all pathogen gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici in transgenic wheat.take-all, caused by soil-borne fungus gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (ggt), is a devastating root disease of wheat (triticum aestivum) worldwide. breeding resistant wheat cultivars is the most promising and reliable approach to protect wheat from take-all. currently, no resistant wheat germplasm is available to breed cultivars using traditional methods. in this study, gene transformation was carried out using snakin-1 (sn1) gene isolated from potato (solanum tuberosum) because the peptide ...201323839728
a proteomic study of spike development inhibition in bread wheat.spike development in wheat is a complicated development process and determines the wheat propagation and survival. we report herein a proteomic study on the bread wheat mutant strain 5660m underlying spike development inhibition. a total of 121 differentially expressed proteins, which were involved in cold stress response, protein folding and assembly, cell-cycle regulation, scavenging of ros, and the autonomous pathway were identified using ms/ms and database searching. we found that cold respo ...201323843164
overexpression of avenin-like b proteins in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) improves dough mixing properties by their incorporation into glutenin polymers.avenin-like b proteins are a small family of wheat storage proteins, each containing 18 or 19 cysteine residues. the role of these proteins, with high numbers of cysteine residues, in determining the functional properties of wheat flour is unclear. in the present study, two transgenic lines of the bread wheat overexpressing avenin-like b gene were generated to investigate the effects of avenin-like b proteins on dough mixing properties. sodium dodecyl sulfate sedimentation (sdss) test and mixogr ...201323843964
on the cellular site of two-pore channel tpc1 action in the poaceae.the slow vacuolar (sv) channel has been characterized in different dicots by patch-clamp recordings. this channel represents the major cation conductance of the largest organelle in most plant cells. studies with the tpc1-2 mutant of the model dicot plant arabidopsis thaliana identified the sv channel as the product of the tpc1 gene. by contrast, research on rice and wheat tpc1 suggested that the monocot gene encodes a plasma membrane calcium-permeable channel. to explore the site of action of g ...201323845012
competition between plant and bacterial cells at the microscale regulates the dynamics of nitrogen acquisition in wheat (triticum aestivum).the ability of plants to compete effectively for nitrogen (n) resources is critical to plant survival. however, controversy surrounds the importance of organic and inorganic sources of n in plant nutrition because of our poor ability to visualize and understand processes happening at the root-microbial-soil interface. using high-resolution nano-scale secondary ion mass spectrometry stable isotope imaging (nanosims-sii), we quantified the fate of ¹⁵n over both space and time within the rhizospher ...201323845035
evaluation of germplasm effect on fe, zn and se content in wheat seedlings.micronutrients are essential for human health and crucial for plant survival. the capacity of food crops in acquiring mineral nutrients affects plant growth and potentially the yield and nutrient content in edible tissues/organs. in this study, we selected 20 wheat (triticum aestivum l.) accessions and evaluated genotypic variations of the young seedlings in response to iron (fe), zinc (zn), and selenium (se) treatments. wheat accessions exhibited different growth responses to these minerals and ...201323849127
structure, variation and expression analysis of glutenin gene promoters from triticum aestivum cultivar chinese spring shows the distal region of promoter 1bx7 is key regulatory sequence.in this study, ten glutenin gene promoters were isolated from model wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. chinese spring) using a genomic pcr strategy with gene-specific primers. six belonged to high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (hmw-gs) gene promoters, and four to low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (lmw-gs). sequence lengths varied from 1361 to 2,554 bp. we show that the glutenin gene promoter motifs are conserved in diverse sequences in this study, with hmw-gs and lmw-gs gene promoters chara ...201323850729
the wheat powdery mildew genome shows the unique evolution of an obligate biotroph.wheat powdery mildew, blumeria graminis forma specialis tritici, is a devastating fungal pathogen with a poorly understood evolutionary history. here we report the draft genome sequence of wheat powdery mildew, the resequencing of three additional isolates from different geographic regions and comparative analyses with the barley powdery mildew genome. our comparative genomic analyses identified 602 candidate effector genes, with many showing evidence of positive selection. we characterize patte ...201323852167
genome-wide analysis of short interspersed nuclear elements sines revealed high sequence conservation, gene association and retrotranspositional activity in wheat.short interspersed nuclear elements (sines) are non-autonomous non-ltr retroelements that are present in most eukaryotic species. while sines have been intensively investigated in humans and other animal systems, they are poorly studied in plants, especially in wheat (triticum aestivum). we used quantitative pcr of various wheat species to determine the copy number of a wheat sine family, termed au sine, combined with computer-assisted analyses of the publicly available 454 pyrosequencing databa ...201323855320
photosynthetic electron transport and specific photoprotective responses in wheat leaves under drought stress.the photosynthetic responses of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves to different levels of drought stress were analyzed in potted plants cultivated in growth chamber under moderate light. low-to-medium drought stress was induced by limiting irrigation, maintaining 20 % of soil water holding capacity for 14 days followed by 3 days without water supply to induce severe stress. measurements of co2 exchange and photosystem ii (psii) yield (by chlorophyll fluorescence) were followed by simultaneous m ...201323860828
effect of glu-b3 allelic variation on sodium dodecyl sulfate sedimentation volume in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.).sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) sedimentation volume has long been used to characterize wheat flours and meals with the aim of predicting processing and end-product qualities. in order to survey the influence of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (lmw-gss) at glu-b3 locus on wheat sds sedimentation volume, a total of 283 wheat (triticum aestivum l.) varieties including landraces and improved and introduced cultivars were analyzed using 10 allele-specific pcr markers at the glu-b3 locus. the hig ...201323861659
introgression of stem rust resistance genes srta10187 and srta10171 from aegilops tauschii to wheat.aegilops tauschii, the diploid progenitor of the wheat d genome, is a readily accessible germplasm pool for wheat breeding as genes can be transferred to elite wheat cultivars through direct hybridization followed by backcrossing. gene transfer and genetic mapping can be integrated by developing mapping populations during backcrossing. using direct crossing, two genes for resistance to the african stem rust fungus race ttksk (ug99), were transferred from the ae. tauschii accessions ta10187 and t ...201323864229
projected climate impacts to south african maize and wheat production in 2055: a comparison of empirical and mechanistic modeling approaches.crop model-specific biases are a key uncertainty affecting our understanding of climate change impacts to agriculture. there is increasing research focus on intermodel variation, but comparisons between mechanistic (mms) and empirical models (ems) are rare despite both being used widely in this field. we combined mms and ems to project future (2055) changes in the potential distribution (suitability) and productivity of maize and spring wheat in south africa under 18 downscaled climate scenarios ...201323864352
nitric oxide mediates alginate oligosaccharides-induced root development in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).alginate oligosaccharides (aos), which are marine oligosaccharides, are involved in regulating plant root growth, but the promotion mechanism for aos remains unclear. here, aos (10-80 mg l(-1)) were found to induce the generation of nitric oxide (no) in the root system of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), which promoted the formation and elongation of wheat roots in a dose-dependent manner. no inhibitors suggested that nitrate reductase (nr), rather than nitric oxide synthase (nos), was essential fo ...201323872742
homoeologous relationship of rye chromosome arms as detected with wheat plug markers.based on the similarity in gene structure between rice and wheat, the polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based landmark unique gene (plug) system enabled us to design primer sets that amplify wheat genic sequences including introns. from the previously reported wheat plug markers, we chose 144 markers that are distributed on different chromosomes and in known chromosomal regions (bins) to obtain rye-specific pcr-based markers. we conducted pcr with the 144 primer sets and the template of the imperi ...201323873186
tamyb13-1, a r2r3 myb transcription factor, regulates the fructan synthetic pathway and contributes to enhanced fructan accumulation in bread wheat.fructans are the major component of temporary carbon reserve in the stem of temperate cereals, which is used for grain filling. three families of fructosyltransferases are directly involved in fructan synthesis in the vacuole of triticum aestivum. the regulatory network of the fructan synthetic pathway is largely unknown. recently, a sucrose-upregulated wheat myb transcription factor (tamyb13-1) was shown to be capable of activating the promoter activities of sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransfera ...023873993
quantification of the effects of vrn1 and ppd-d1 to predict spring wheat (triticum aestivum) heading time across diverse environments.heading time is a major determinant of the adaptation of wheat to different environments, and is critical in minimizing risks of frost, heat, and drought on reproductive development. given that major developmental genes are known in wheat, a process-based model, apsim, was modified to incorporate gene effects into estimation of heading time, while minimizing degradation in the predictive capability of the model. model parameters describing environment responses were replaced with functions of th ...201323873997
quantitative plant resistance in cultivar mixtures: wheat yellow rust as a modeling case study.unlike qualitative plant resistance, which confers immunity to disease, quantitative resistance confers only a reduction in disease severity and this can be nonspecific. consequently, the outcome of its deployment in cultivar mixtures is not easy to predict, as on the one hand it may reduce the heterogeneity of the mixture, but on the other it may induce competition between nonspecialized strains of the pathogen. to clarify the principles for the successful use of quantitative plant resistance i ...201323875842
rna interference suppression of genes in glycosyl transferase families 43 and 47 in wheat starchy endosperm causes large decreases in arabinoxylan content.the cell walls of wheat (triticum aestivum) starchy endosperm are dominated by arabinoxylan (ax), accounting for 65% to 70% of the polysaccharide content. genes within two glycosyl transferase (gt) families, gt43 (irregular xylem9 [irx9] and irx14) and gt47 (irx10), have previously been shown to be involved in the synthesis of the xylan backbone in arabidopsis, and close homologs of these have been implicated in the synthesis of xylan in other species. here, homologs of irx10 tagt47_2 and irx9 t ...201323878080
evaluation of plant resistance inducers on different winter soft wheat cultivars against septoria leaf blotch.septoria tritici blotch (stb) caused by mycosphaerella graminicola (anamorph: zymoseptoria tritici) is one of the most devastating foliar diseases on bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). because of the emergence of fungal strains highly resistant to mainly used fungicides and the deleterious impacts of these fungicides on the environment, development of alternative control strategies to protect wheat crops against stb is needed. the induction of plant resistance by elicitors is likely to be a hel ...201223878965
effect of mechanical weeding on wild chamomile (matricaria chamomilla l.) populations in winter wheat crop (triticum aestivum l.).currently, economic, agronomic and environmental concerns lead to reduce the use of herbicides. mechanical weeding can help to reach this objective. dynamics and biology of wild chamomile (matricaria chamomilla l.) populations were assessed as well as dynamic of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) for four level of application of a weeder-harrow (0, 1, 2, 3 treatment(s)). after each treatment, an effect of mechanical weeding on wild chamomile density was observed. density of wild chamomile decre ...201223878991
lipid metabolism is differentially modulated by salicylic acid and heptanoyl salicylic acid during the induction of resistance in wheat against powdery mildew.heptanoyl salicylic acid (hsa) is a salicylic acid (sa) derivative obtained by esterification of 2-oh benzoic acid with heptanoic acid. in wheat, the protection levels obtained against blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (bgt) increased from 50% with sa to 95% with hsa. using molecular, biochemical and cytological approaches, we investigated here how wheat lipid metabolism is differentially activated by sa and hsa in both infectious and non-infectious conditions, and how bgt infectious process is a ...201323880093
association study of wheat grain protein composition reveals that gliadin and glutenin composition are trans-regulated by different chromosome regions.wheat grain storage protein (gsp) content and composition are the main determinants of the end-use value of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grain. the accumulation of glutenins and gliadins, the two main classes of gsp in wheat, is believed to be mainly controlled at the transcriptional level through a network of transcription factors. this regulation network could lead to stable cross-environment allometric scaling relationships between the quantity of gsp classes/subunits and the total quan ...201323881399
gametocidal chromosomes enhancing chromosome aberration in common wheat induced by 5-azacytidine.the gametocidal (gc) chromosome from aegilops spp induces chromosome mutation, which is introduced into common wheat as a tool of chromosome manipulation for genetic improvement. the gc chromosome functions similar to a restriction-modification system in bacteria, in which dna methylation is an important regulator. we treated root tips of wheat carrying gc chromosomes with the hypomethylation agent 5-azacytidine; chromosome breakage and micronuclei were observed in these root tips. the frequency ...201323884766
identification and phylogenetic analysis of a cc-nbs-lrr encoding gene assigned on chromosome 7b of wheat.hexaploid wheat displays limited genetic variation. as a direct a and b genome donor of hexaploid wheat, tetraploid wheat represents an important gene pool for cultivated bread wheat. many disease resistant genes express conserved domains of the nucleotide-binding site and leucine-rich repeats (nbs-lrr). in this study, we isolated a cc-nbs-lrr gene locating on chromosome 7b from durum wheat variety italy 363, and designated it tdrga-7ba. its open reading frame was 4014 bp, encoding a 1337 amino ...201323887654
lactoferrin-derived resistance against plant pathogens in transgenic plants.lactoferrin (lf) is a ubiquitous cationic iron-binding milk glycoprotein that contributes to nutrition and exerts a broad-spectrum primary defense against bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses in mammals. these qualities make lactoferrin protein and its antimicrobial motifs highly desirable candidates to be incorporated in plants to impart broad-based resistance against plant pathogens or to economically produce them in bulk quantities for pharmaceutical and nutritional purposes. this study int ...201323889215
genetic dissection of yield and its component traits using high-density composite map of wheat chromosome 3a: bridging gaps between qtls and underlying genes.earlier we identified wheat (triticum aestivum l.) chromosome 3a as a major determinant of grain yield and its component traits. in the present study, a high-density genetic linkage map of 81 chromosome 3a-specific markers was developed to increase the precision of previously identified yield component qtls, and to map qtls for biomass-related traits. many of the previously identified qtls for yield and its component traits were confirmed and were localized to narrower intervals. four novel qtls ...201323894667
investigating the role of respiration in plant salinity tolerance by analyzing mitochondrial proteomes from wheat and a salinity-tolerant amphiploid (wheat × lophopyrum elongatum).the effect of salinity on mitochondrial properties was investigated by comparing the reference wheat variety chinese spring (cs) to a salt-tolerant amphiploid (amp). the octoploid amp genotype was previously generated by combining hexaploid bread wheat (cs) with the diploid wild wheatgrass adapted to salt marshes, lophopyrum elongatum. here we used a combination of physiological, biochemical, and proteomic analyses to explore the mitochondrial and respiratory response to salinity in these two ge ...201323895732
molecular, physicochemical and rheological characteristics of introgressive triticale/triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum lines with wheat 1d/1a chromosome substitution.three sets of hexaploid introgressive triticale lines, with triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum (cultivated einkorn wheat) genes and a bread wheat chromosome 1d substituted for chromosome 1a, and one set of secondary triticale lines were evaluated for grain and flour physicochemical and dough rheological characteristics in two generations (f7 and f8). genomic in situ hybridization (gish) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) confirmed the 1d/1a chromosome substitution. the presence or ab ...201323896593
the cyclophilin cyp20-2 modulates the conformation of brassinazole-resistant1, which binds the promoter of flowering locus d to regulate flowering in arabidopsis.brassinosteroids (brs) regulate many physiological processes during plant development, including flowering. however, little is known about the components of br signaling that mediate flowering. here, we report that brassinazole-resistant1 (bzr1), the conformation of which is altered by a cyclophilin (cyp20-2), binds cis-elements in the flowering locus d (fld) promoter to regulate flowering. both bzr1-1d and fld-4 showed delayed flowering. electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immuno ...201323897924
a review of the occurrence of grain softness protein-1 genes in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).grain softness protein-1 (gsp-1) is a small, 495-bp intronless gene found throughout the triticeae tribe at the distal end of group 5 chromosomes. with the puroindolines, it constitutes a key component of the hardness locus. gsp-1 likely plays little role in grain hardness, but has direct interest due to its utility in phylogeny and its role in arabinogalactan peptides. further role(s) remain to be identified. in the polyploid wheats, triticum aestivum and t. turgidum, the gene is present in a h ...201323904183
growth-suppressive effect of the α-amylase inhibitor of triticum aestivum on stored-product mites varies by the species and type of diet.a naturally occurring α-amylase inhibitor (α-ai) of triticum aestivum protects wheat grain from gramnivorous arthropod pests. the α-ai (type-i) was incorporated into carbohydrate and protein diets to test its inhibitory activity on the stored-product mites acarus siro, lepidoglyphus destructor and tyrophagus putrescentiae (acari: astigmata). growth tests of mites fed the various diets were used to compare the suppressive effects. the final population size of mites attained from an initial popula ...201423907553
purification, characterization and identification of a senescence related serine protease in dark-induced senescent wheat leaves.senescence-related proteases play important roles in leaf senescence by regulating protein degradation and nutrient recycling. a 98.9kda senescence-related protease ep3 in wheat leaves was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, q-sepharose fast flow anion exchange chromatography and gel slicing after gel electrophoresis. due to its relatively high thermal stability, its protease activity did not decrease after incubation at 40°c for 1-h. ep3 protease was suggested to be a metal-dependent se ...201323910959
de novo zygotic transcription in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) includes genes encoding small putative secreted peptides and a protein involved in proteasomal degradation.wheat is one of the world's most important crops, and increasing grain yield is a major challenge for the future. still, our knowledge about the molecular machineries responsible for early post-fertilization events such as zygotic reprogramming, the initial cell-specification events during embryogenesis, and the intercellular communication between the early embryo and the developing endosperm is very limited. here, we describe the identification of de novo transcribed genes in the wheat zygote. ...201323912470
hybrid wheat: quantitative genetic parameters and consequences for the design of breeding programs.commercial heterosis for grain yield is present in hybrid wheat but long-term competiveness of hybrid versus line breeding depends on the development of heterotic groups to improve hybrid prediction. detailed knowledge of the amount of heterosis and quantitative genetic parameters are of paramount importance to assess the potential of hybrid breeding. our objectives were to (1) examine the extent of midparent, better-parent and commercial heterosis in a vast population of 1,604 wheat (triticum a ...201323913277
pattern of iron distribution in maternal and filial tissues in wheat grains with contrasting levels of iron.iron insufficiency is a worldwide problem in human diets. in cereals like wheat, the bran layer of the grains is an important source of iron. however, the dietary availability of iron in wheat flour is limited due to the loss of the iron-rich bran during milling and processing and the presence of anti-nutrients like phytic acid that keep iron strongly chelated in the grain. the present study investigated the localization of iron and phosphorus in grain tissues of wheat genotypes with contrasting ...023918965
sequence variations of the partially dominant della gene rht-b1c in wheat and their functional impacts.rht-b1c, allelic to the della protein-encoding gene rht-b1a, is a natural mutation documented in common wheat (triticum aestivum). it confers variation to a number of traits related to cell and plant morphology, seed dormancy, and photosynthesis. the present study was conducted to examine the sequence variations of rht-b1c and their functional impacts. the results showed that rht-b1c was partially dominant or co-dominant for plant height, and exhibited an increased dwarfing effect. at the sequen ...201323918966
proton nmr transverse relaxation time and membrane stability in wheat leaves exposed to high temperature shock.electrolyte leakage from leaves and nmr transverse relaxation time (t2) of leaf water were used to differentiate between heat-tolerant (niaw 845) and susceptible (hd 2428) wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars. the leaves were exposed to high temperature shock in the range 30 to 55 degrees c and the damage caused, when evaluated by the two approaches was in close agreement. the critical temperature of injury leading to loss of membrane integrity was lower (39.1 degrees c) for susceptible cultiv ...200523923573
ultrasound-assisted extraction with lc-tof/ms identification and lc-uv determination of imazamox and its metabolites in leaves of wheat plants.imazamox is a herbicide used in many legominous and cereal crops. there are few methods in the literature for determination of imazamox and its metabolites in plants because of the lack of commercial standards or owing to expensive and/or complex synthesis.201723934624
genome-wide prediction of traits with different genetic architecture through efficient variable selection.in genome-based prediction there is considerable uncertainty about the statistical model and method required to maximize prediction accuracy. for traits influenced by a small number of quantitative trait loci (qtl), predictions are expected to benefit from methods performing variable selection [e.g., bayesb or the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (lasso)] compared to methods distributing effects across the genome [ridge regression best linear unbiased prediction (rr-blup)]. we inv ...201323934883
unique and conserved micrornas in wheat chromosome 5d revealed by next-generation sequencing.micrornas are a class of short, non-coding, single-stranded rnas that act as post-transcriptional regulators in gene expression. mirna analysis of triticum aestivum chromosome 5d was performed on 454 gs flx titanium sequences of flow-sorted chromosome 5d with a total of 3,208,630 good quality reads representing 1.34x and 1.61x coverage of the short (5ds) and long (5dl) arms of the chromosome respectively. in silico and structural analyses revealed a total of 55 mirnas; 48 and 42 mirnas were foun ...201323936103
alterations and abnormal mitosis of wheat chromosomes induced by wheat-rye monosomic addition lines.wheat-rye addition lines are an old topic. however, the alterations and abnormal mitotic behaviours of wheat chromosomes caused by wheat-rye monosomic addition lines are seldom reported.201323936213
population dynamics of dichelops melacanthus (dallas) (heteroptera: pentatomidae) on host plants.the stink bug dichelops melacanthus (dallas) has become one of the major pests of corn and wheat in brasil, mainly after a shift from the conventional tillage system to the no tillage cultivation system. this fact may be due to the simultaneous occurrence of second planting corn with wheat cultivation, and the presence of wild hosts. this study aimed to evaluate the population dynamics of d. melacanthus on wild hosts adjacent to areas cultivated with corn, wheat, and soybean during the season an ...201323949747
antibiosis and non-preference of sitobion avenae (f.) (hemiptera: aphididae) on leaves and ears of commercial cultivars of wheat (triticum aestivum).little is known on the resistance of wheat cultivars to sitobion avenae (f.) in brazil. the goal of this work was to assess the behavior and biology of s. avenae on four commercial wheat cultivars to verify the existence of resistance by antibiosis in leaves and ears and non-preference in the ears. the smallest net fecundity rates of s. avenae in wheat leaves have been found in the cultivars embrapa 22 and brs264, which did not differ between themselves. the intrinsic rate of increase of s. aven ...201323949814
genetic basis for spontaneous hybrid genome doubling during allopolyploid speciation of common wheat shown by natural variation analyses of the paternal species.the complex process of allopolyploid speciation includes various mechanisms ranging from species crosses and hybrid genome doubling to genome alterations and the establishment of new allopolyploids as persisting natural entities. currently, little is known about the genetic mechanisms that underlie hybrid genome doubling, despite the fact that natural allopolyploid formation is highly dependent on this phenomenon. we examined the genetic basis for the spontaneous genome doubling of triploid f1 h ...201323950867
a comparative approach expands the protein-protein interaction node of the immune receptor xa21 in wheat and rice.the rice (oryza sativa) osxa21 receptor kinase is a well-studied immune receptor that initiates a signal transduction pathway leading to resistance to xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. two homologs of osxa21 were identified in wheat (triticum aestivum): taxa21-like1 located in a syntenic region with osxa21, and taxa21-like2 located in a nonsyntenic region. proteins encoded by these two wheat genes interact with four wheat orthologs of known osxa21 interactors. in this study, we screened a wheat yea ...201323957671
association of jacalin-related lectins with wheat responses to stresses revealed by transcriptional profiling.jacalin-related lectins (jrls) are carbohydrate-binding proteins widely present in plants and have one or more jacalin domains in common. however, jrls' structural types and functions are still poorly understood. in the present study, a total of 67 wheat (triticum aestivum) jrl genes were identified through an exhausted search of est database coupling with genome walking using published 454 sequence reads of chinese spring. a comparison of the translated wheat jrl proteins with those from other ...201323959941
control of wild oat (avena fatua) using some phenolic compounds i - germination and some growth parameters.the percentage of germination of wild oat was significantly inhibited by increasing the concentrations of phenolic compounds. ferulic acid was the most effective compound which completely inhibited germination at a concentration of 3.0 mm. at the same time, wheat and barley were slightly affected with different concentrations of the four phenolic compounds. the percentage of germination of wheat significantly decreased with increasing of ferulic acid reaching a maximum inhibition at 3.0 mm conce ...201223961157
effect of lead stress on mineral content and growth of wheat (triticum aestivum) and spinach (spinacia oleracea) seedlings.lead (pb) is the most common heavy metal contaminant in the environment. pb is not an essential element for plants, but they absorb it when it is present in their environment, especially in rural areas when the soil is polluted by automotive exhaust and in fields contaminated with fertilizers containing heavy metal impurities. to investigate lead effects on nutrient uptake and metabolism, two plant species, spinach (spinacia oleracea) and wheat (triticum aestivum), were grown under hydroponic co ...201323961216
structural and expressional variation analyses of mitochondrial genomes reveal candidate transcripts for the s(v) cytoplasmic male sterility in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). 201323969253
long-term growth under elevated co2 suppresses biotic stress genes in non-acclimated, but not cold-acclimated winter wheat.this study compared the photosynthetic performance and the global gene expression of the winter hardy wheat triticum aestivum cv norstar grown under non-acclimated (na) or cold-acclimated (ca) conditions at either ambient co2 or elevated co2. ca norstar maintained comparable light-saturated and co2-saturated rates of photosynthesis but lower quantum requirements for psii and non-photochemical quenching relative to na plants even at elevated co2. neither na nor ca plants were sensitive to feedbac ...201323969557
chromosomal location of genomic ssr markers associated with yellow rust resistance in turkish bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).we have previously reported xgwm382 as a diagnostic marker for disease resistance against yellow rust in izgi2001 x es14 f2 population. among the same earlier tested 230 primers, one ssr marker (xgwm311) also amplified a fragment which is present in the resistant parent and in the resistant bulks, but absent in the susceptible parent and in the susceptible bulks. to understand the chromosome group location of these diagnostic markers, xgwm382 and xgwm311, in the same population, we selected 16 s ...201323970078
accumulation of wet-deposited radiocaesium and radiostrontium by spring oilseed rape (brássica napus l.) and spring wheat (tríticum aestívum l.).the accumulation of (134)cs and (85)sr within different parts of spring oilseed rape and spring wheat plants was investigated, with a particular focus on transfer to seeds after artificial wet deposition at different growth stages during a two-year field trial. in general, the accumulation of radionuclides in plant parts increased when deposition was closer to harvest. the seed of spring oilseed rape had lower concentrations of (85)sr than spring wheat grain. the plants accumulated more (134)cs ...201323973885
efficacy of pyramiding elite alleles for dynamic development of plant height in common wheat.plant height is an important botanical feature closely related to yield. two populations consisting of 118 and 262 accessions respectively were used to identify elite alleles for plant height and to validate their allelic effects. plant height was measured from the early booting to the flowering stages. simple sequence repeat markers for candidate quantitative trait locus (qtl) regions with large effects identified in a doubled haploid (dh) population (hanxuan 10 × lumai 14) were selected for fu ...201323976874
development and characterization of a psathyrostachys huashanica keng 7ns chromosome addition line with leaf rust resistance.the aim of this study was to characterize a triticum aestivum-psathyrostachys huashanica keng (2n = 2x = 14, nsns) disomic addition line 2-1-6-3. individual line 2-1-6-3 plants were analyzed using cytological, genomic in situ hybridization (gish), est-ssr, and est-sts techniques. the alien addition line 2-1-6-3 was shown to have two p. huashanica chromosomes, with a meiotic configuration of 2n = 44 = 22 ii. we tested 55 est-ssr and 336 est-sts primer pairs that mapped onto seven different wheat ...201323976963
a quick investigation of the detrimental effects of environmental pollutant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fluoranthene on the photosynthetic efficiency of wheat (triticum aestivum).the present study describes the effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollutant fluoranthene (flt) on photochemical efficiency of plants and hence their growth. chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements were performed in order to get quick and reliable information about the effects of fluoranthene. the number of active reaction centres decreased by more than 20% in flt treated samples. the results show that flt affects the overall primary photochemistry by inhibiting the number of active reac ...201323979534
cloning and characterization of thioredoxin h in the three-pistil line of common wheat.thioredoxin h (trxh) is a ubiquitous protein that reduces disulfides in target proteins, and is itself reduced by nadph-thioredoxin reductase. in the current study, the complementary dna sequence and the genomic sequence of the three-pistil (tp) line of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) were obtained from spikes through reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and touchdown-pcr. sequence alignment of amino acids of tptrxh then allowed for predictions of its physicochemical prop ...201323979894
analysis of storage and structural carbohydrates in developing wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grains using quantitative analysis and microscopy.in this paper, the content of all major carbohydrates and the spatial distribution of starch, arabinoxylan and β-glucan in developing wheat kernels (triticum aestivum l. var. homeros) from anthesis until maturity were studied. by combining information from microscopy and quantitative analysis, a comprehensive overview on the changes in storage and structural carbohydrates in developing grains was obtained. in the phase of cell division and expansion, grains were characterized by a rapid accumula ...201323980757
decay of salmonella enterica, escherichia coli and bacteriophage ms2 on the phyllosphere and stored grains of wheat (triticum aestivum).cereal crops grown in the biosolids-amended soil can potentially become contaminated with pathogenic micro-organisms during growth and at the time of harvesting. there is small but unquantified potential risk of transfer of enteric pathogens to humans and animals from contaminated plants and grains. this study examined decay of escherichia coli, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and bacteriophage ms2 on the wheat phyllosphere and on stored grains. this was done to assess the health implica ...201423980794
systematic review: the efficacy of herbal therapy in inflammatory bowel disease.complementary and alternative medicine (cam), particularly herbal therapy, is widely used by patients with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) but controlled data are limited.201323981095
immunotoxicological evaluation of wheat genetically modified with tadreb4 gene on balb/c mice.to evaluate the immunotoxicological effects of genetically modified wheat with tadreb4 gene in female balb/c mice.201323981552
differential rrna genes expression in bread wheat and its inheritance.the expression of the ribosomal rna (rrna) genes from rye, located within the nucleolus organizer regions (nors), is repressed by cytosine methylation in wheat x rye hybrids and in triticale, as consequence of nucleolar dominance. our previous study revealed that bread wheat cultivars with a maximum number of four ag-nors presented high level of rdna cytosine methylation when compared to others with a maximum of six ag-nors. in order to evaluate the inheritance of the ag-nors number and nor meth ...201323982417
mapping of qtl conferring resistance to sharp eyespot (rhizoctonia cerealis) in bread wheat at the adult plant growth stage.seven sharp eyespot resistance qtl were detected consistently across five environments and delimited to seven dna marker intervals, respectively, six of which were independent of plant height and heading time. sharp eyespot, caused mainly by the soil-borne fungus rhizoctonia cerealis, is one of the important diseases of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). this disease has escalated into a major threat to wheat production in some regions of the world. wheat resistance to sharp eyespot can be a po ...201323989648
novel natural allelic variations at the rht-1 loci in wheat.plant height is an important agronomic trait. dramatic increase in wheat yield during the "green revolution" is mainly due to the widespread utilization of the reduced height (rht)-1 gene. we analyzed the natural allelic variations of three homoeologous loci rht-a1, rht-b1, and rht-d1 in chinese wheat (triticum aestivum l.) micro-core collections and the rht-b1/d1 genotypes in over 1,500 bred cultivars and germplasms using a modified ecotilling. we identified six new rht-a1 allelic variations (r ...201323992198
toxicity of tributyltin (tbt) to terrestrial organisms and its species sensitivity distribution.the contamination of the terrestrial environment by disposal of tributyltin (tbt) by contaminated harbour sediments, sewage sludge and/or biocide products has been raising concerns and it may pose a risk to soil invertebrates and plants. this study aimed to improve the amount and quality of data for tbt toxicity in soils in order to assess the ecological risk of tbt to the terrestrial ecosystems. for this, bioassays were performed with the species porcellionides pruinosus, folsomia candida, bras ...201423994735
lectin-functionalized poly(glycidyl methacrylate)-block-poly(vinyldimethyl azlactone) surface scaffolds for high avidity microbial capture.microbial exopolysaccharides (eps) play a critical and dynamic role in shaping the interactions between microbial community members and their local environment. the capture of targeted microbes using surface immobilized lectins that recognize specific extracellular oligosaccharide moieties offers a nondestructive method for functional characterization of eps content. in this report, we evaluate the use of the block copolymer, poly(glycidyl methacrylate)-block-4,4-dimethyl-2-vinylazlactone (pgma- ...201324003861
dissecting the genetic architecture of frost tolerance in central european winter wheat.abiotic stress tolerance in plants is pivotal to increase yield stability, but its genetic basis is still poorly understood. to gain insight into the genetic architecture of frost tolerance, this work evaluated a large mapping population of 1739 wheat (triticum aestivum l.) lines and hybrids adapted to central europe in field trials in germany and fingerprinted the lines with a 9000 single-nucleotide polymorphism array. additive effects prevailed over dominance effects. a two-dimensional genome ...201324006418
increase in growth, productivity and nutritional status of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. wh-711) and enrichment in soil fertility applied with organic matrix entrapped urea.field experiments were conducted during two consequent years in semi-arid, subtropical climate of rohtak district situated in north-west indian state haryana to evaluate the effects of eco-friendly organic matrix entrapped urea (omeu) on wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. wh-711). the omeu prepared in granular form contained cow dung, rice bran (grain cover of oryza sativa), neem (azadirachta indica) leaves and clay soil (diameter of particles < 0.002 mm) in 1:1:1:1 ratios and saresh (plant gum of ...201324006800
uptake of (14)c-atropine and/or its transformation products from soil by wheat (triticum aestivum var kronjet) and their translocation to shoots.plant uptake of toxins and their translocation to edible plant parts are important processes in the transfer of contaminants into the food chain. atropine, a highly toxic muscarine receptor antagonist produced by solanacea species, is found in all plant tissues and can enter the soil and hence be available for uptake by crops. the absorption of atropine and/or its transformation products from soil by wheat (triticum aestivum var kronjet) and its distribution to shoots was investigated by growing ...201324007480
discovery, distribution and diversity of puroindoline-d1 genes in bread wheat from five countries (triticum aestivum l.).grain texture is one of the most important characteristics in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). puroindoline-d1 genes play the main role in controlling grain texture and are intimately associated with the milling and processing qualities in bread wheat.201324011219
analysing complex triticeae genomes - concepts and strategies.the genomic sequences of many important triticeae crop species are hard to assemble and analyse due to their large genome sizes, (in part) polyploid genomes and high repeat content. recently, the draft genomes of barley and bread wheat were reported thanks to cost-efficient and fast ngs technologies. the genome of barley is estimated to be 5 gb in size whereas the genome of bread wheat accounts for 17 gb and harbours an allo-hexaploid genome. direct assembly of the sequence reads and access to t ...201324011260
wheat gene tas3 contributes to powdery mildew susceptibility.identification of tas3 as a potential susceptibility gene encoding a protein homologous to ulp1 protease in wheat, which may regulate sumo function facilitating powdery mildew attack. some plant genes that are required for susceptibilities to certain pathogens are known as susceptibility genes or susceptibility factors, whose loss-of-function mutations can confer the plants resistances. to identify potential susceptibility genes to powdery mildew in wheat, differentially expressed genes in compa ...201324013794
cell wall degradation and the dynamic changes of ca2+ and related enzymes in the developing aerenchyma of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) under waterlogging.this research was aimed to study the cell wall degradation and the dynamic changes of ca2+ and related enzymes in developing aerenchyma of wheat root under waterlogging. an examination of morphological development by light and electron microscope revealed that the structure of cell wall in middle cortical cells remained intact after 12 h of waterlogging and turned thinner after waterlogging for 24 h. at 48 h, the aerenchyma has been formed. the cellulase activity gradually increased in middle co ...201324013894
coverage and consistency: bioinformatics aspects of the analysis of multirun itraq experiments with wheat leaves.the hexaploid genome of bread wheat (triticum aestivum) is large (17 gb) and repetitive, and this has delayed full sequencing and annotation of the genome, which is a prerequisite for effective quantitative proteomics analysis. aware of these constraints we investigated the most effective approaches for shotgun proteomic analyses of bread wheat that would support large-scale quantitative comparisons using itraq reagents. we used a data set that was generated by two-dimensional lc-ms of itraq lab ...024015675
adsorption and desorption of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol onto and from ash as affected by ag(+), zn (2+), and al (3+).metal cations and organic pollutants mostly co-exist in the natural environment. however, their interactions in adsorption processes have yet to be adequately addressed. in the current study, the effect of inorganic cations with different charges (ag(+), zn(2+), and al(3+)) on the adsorption and desorption of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (tcp) onto and from processed ash derived from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) straw was investigated. the adsorption and desorption of tcp were both nonlinear; the isoth ...201424019142
the hv-sgt1 gene from haynaldia villosa contributes to resistances towards both biotrophic and hemi-biotrophic pathogens in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.).the sgt1 protein is essential for r protein-mediated and pamps-triggered resistance in many plant species. here we reported the isolation and characterization of the hv-sgt1 gene from haynaldiavillosa (2n = 14, vv). analysis of the subcellular location of hv-sgt1 by transient expression of a fusion to gfp indicated its presence in the cytoplasm and nucleus. levels of hv-sgt1 transcripts were increased by inoculation with either the biotrophic pathogen blumeriagraminis dc. f. sp. tritici (bgt) or ...201324019872
wheat seedling emergence from deep planting depths and its relationship with coleoptile length.successful stand establishment is prerequisite for optimum crop yields. in some low-precipitation zones, wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is planted as deep as 200 mm below the soil surface to reach adequate soil moisture for germination. to better understand the relationship of coleoptile length and other seed characteristics with emergence from deep planting (edp), we evaluated 662 wheat cultivars grown around the world since the beginning of the 20(th) century. coleoptile length of collection ent ...201324019916
salicylic acid alleviates adverse effects of heat stress on photosynthesis through changes in proline production and ethylene formation.we investigated the potential of salicylic acid (sa) in alleviating the adverse effects of heat stress on photosynthesis in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cv wh 711. activity of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (rubisco), photosynthetic-nitrogen use efficiency (nue), and net photosynthesis decreased in plants subjected to heat stress (40 °c for 6 h), but proline metabolism increased. sa treatment (0.5 mm) alleviated heat stress by increasing proline production through the increase in γ-glutam ...201324022274
pharmacognostic standardization, antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of the seeds of triticum aestivum l - a dietary staple.to establish the quality standards of triticum aestivum l, seeds as per who guidelines. to study the antioxidant and hepatoprotective profile of t. aestivum l. seeds.201324023455
comparative study of wild and transformed salt tolerant bacterial strains on triticum aestivum growth under salt stress.eleven salt tolerant bacteria isolated from different sources (soil, plants) and their transformed strains were used to study their influence on triticum aestivum var. inqlab-91 growth under salt (100 mm nacl) stress. salt stress caused reduction in germination (19.4%), seedling growth (46%) and fresh weight (39%) in non-inoculated plants. in general, both wild and transformed strains stimulated germination, seedling growth and fresh weight in salt free and salt stressed conditions. at 100 mm na ...201024031574
conservation tillage, optimal water and organic nutrient supply enhance soil microbial activities during wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivation.the field experiments were conducted on sandy loam soil at new delhi, during 2007 and 2008 to investigate the effect of conservation tillage, irrigation regimes (sub-optimal, optimal and supra-optimal water regimes), and integrated nutrient management (inm) practices on soil biological parameters in wheat cultivation. the conservation tillage soils has shown significant (p<0.05) increase in soil respiration (81.1%), soil microbial biomass carbon (smbc) (104%) and soil dehydrogenase (dh) (59.2%) ...201124031665
a synthetic framework for modeling the genetic basis of phenotypic plasticity and its costs.the phenotype of an individual is controlled not only by its genes, but also by the environment in which it grows. a growing body of evidence shows that the extent to which phenotypic changes are driven by the environment, known as phenotypic plasticity, is also under genetic control, but an overall picture of genetic variation for phenotypic plasticity remains elusive. here, we develop a model for mapping quantitative trait loci (qtls) that regulate environment-induced plastic response. this mo ...201424032980
vernalization requirement duration in winter wheat is controlled by tavrn-a1 at the protein level.winter wheat requires a period of low temperatures to accelerate flowering (vernalization). this requirement could make winter wheat more vulnerable to elevated global temperature via insufficient vernalization. all known vernalization genes are cloned according to qualitative variation in vernalization requirement between spring and winter wheat, but the genes controlling quantitative variation for more or less vernalization requirement among winter wheat cultivars remain unknown. we report her ...201324033823
molecular characterization of tastop1 homoeologues and their response to aluminium and proton (h(+)) toxicity in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).aluminium (al) toxicity is considered to be one of the major constraints affecting crop productivity on acid soils. being a trait governed by multiple genes, the identification and characterization of novel transcription factors (tfs) regulating the expression of entire response networks is a very promising approach. therefore, the aim of the present study was to clone, localize, and characterize the tastop1 gene, which belongs to the zinc finger family (cys2his2 type) transcription factor, at m ...201324034075
impact of marker ascertainment bias on genomic selection accuracy and estimates of genetic diversity.genome-wide molecular markers are often being used to evaluate genetic diversity in germplasm collections and for making genomic selections in breeding programs. to accurately predict phenotypes and assay genetic diversity, molecular markers should assay a representative sample of the polymorphisms in the population under study. ascertainment bias arises when marker data is not obtained from a random sample of the polymorphisms in the population of interest. genotyping-by-sequencing (gbs) is rap ...024040295
over-expression of a tobacco nitrate reductase gene in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) increases seed protein content and weight without augmenting nitrogen supplying.heavy nitrogen (n) application to gain higher yield of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) resulted in increased production cost and environment pollution. how to diminish the n supply without losing yield and/or quality remains a challenge. to meet the challenge, we integrated and expressed a tobacco nitrate reductase gene (nr) in transgenic wheat. the 35s-nr gene was transferred into two winter cultivars, "nongda146" and "jimai6358", by agrobacterium-mediation. over-expression of the transgene remark ...201324040315
integration of promoters, inverted repeat sequences and proteomic data into a model for high silencing efficiency of coeliac disease related gliadins in bread wheat.wheat gluten has unique nutritional and technological characteristics, but is also a major trigger of allergies and intolerances. one of the most severe diseases caused by gluten is coeliac disease. the peptides produced in the digestive tract by the incomplete digestion of gluten proteins trigger the disease. the majority of the epitopes responsible reside in the gliadin fraction of gluten. the location of the multiple gliadin genes in blocks has to date complicated their elimination by classic ...201324044767
proteome analysis of cold response in spring and winter wheat (triticum aestivum) crowns reveals similarities in stress adaptation and differences in regulatory processes between the growth habits.a proteomic response to cold treatment (4 °c) has been studied in crowns of a frost-tolerant winter wheat cultivar samanta and a frost-sensitive spring wheat cultivar sandra after short-term (3 days) and long-term (21 days) cold treatments. densitometric analysis of 2-d differential in gel electrophoresis (2d-dige) gels has resulted in the detection of 386 differentially abundant protein spots, which reveal at least a two-fold change between experimental variants. of these, 58 representative pro ...201324047233
characterization of resistance to pratylenchus thornei (nematoda) in wheat (triticum aestivum): attraction, penetration, motility, and reproduction.lines from a cross between two wheat (triticum aestivum) cultivars with contrasting resistance phenotypes to pratylenchus thornei (nematoda) were investigated to determine the stage at which resistance occurs. host resistance was examined at nematode attraction to and penetration of roots and nematode motility, maturation, and reproduction within roots. there was no significant difference in the rate at which p. thornei was attracted toward or penetrated resistant or susceptible roots. however, ...201424047251
role of bacterial communities in the natural suppression of rhizoctonia solani bare patch disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).rhizoctonia bare patch and root rot disease of wheat, caused by rhizoctonia solani ag-8, develops as distinct patches of stunted plants and limits the yield of direct-seeded (no-till) wheat in the pacific northwest of the united states. at the site of a long-term cropping systems study near ritzville, wa, a decline in rhizoctonia patch disease was observed over an 11-year period. bacterial communities from bulk and rhizosphere soil of plants from inside the patches, outside the patches, and reco ...201324056471
a multi-environmental study of recent breeding progress on nitrogen use efficiency in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).by comparing 195 varieties in eight trials, this study assesses nitrogen use efficiency improvement in high and low nitrogen conditions in european winter wheat over the last 25 years. in a context where european agriculture practices have to deal with environmental concerns and nitrogen (n) fertiliser cost, nitrogen use efficiency (nue) has to be improved. this study assessed genetic progress in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) nue. two hundred and twenty-five european elite varieties were t ...201324057081
structural development of aleurone and its function in common wheat.the wheat aleurone is formed from surface endosperm cells, and its developmental status reflects its biogenesis, structural characteristics, and physiological functions. in this report, wheat caryopses at different development stages were embedded in spurr's low-viscosity embedding medium for observation of the development of aleurone cells (acs) by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and fluorescence microscopy, respectively. according to their structures and physiological character ...201324057188
development-associated micrornas in grains of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).micrornas (mirnas) are a class of regulatory small rnas (srnas) that down-regulate target genes by mrna degradation or translational repression. numerous plant mirnas have been identified. evidence is increasing for their crucial roles during plant development. in the globally important crop of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), the process by which grains are formed determines yield and end-use quality. however, little is known about mirna-mediated developmental regulation of grain production. here, ...201324060047
genetic analysis and detection of the gene mllx99 on chromosome 2bl conferring resistance to powdery mildew in the wheat cultivar liangxing 99.the effectiveness of wheat cultivar liangxing 99 against powdery mildew was shown to be controlled by a single dominant gene located on a new locus of chromosome 2bl in the bin 2bl2-0.35-0.50. liangxing 99, one of the most widely grown commercial cultivars in the winter wheat (triticum aestivum) producing regions in northern china, was shown to provide a broad spectrum of resistance to blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (bgt) isolates originating from that region. using an f2 population and f2:3 l ...201324061485
silencing of the sulfur rich α-gliadin storage protein family in wheat grains (triticum aestivum l.) causes no unintended side-effects on other metabolites.wheat is an important source of proteins and metabolites for human and animal nutrition. to assess the nutritional quality of wheat products, various protein and diverse metabolites have to be evaluated. the grain storage protein family of the α-gliadins are suggested to be the primary initiator of the inflammatory response to gluten in celiac disease patients. with the technique of rnai, the α-gliadin storage protein fraction in wheat grains was recently knocked down. from a patient's perspecti ...201324062763
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