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reduction of aflatoxin in rice by different cooking methods.rice (oryza sativa linn) is one of the basic diets in the north of iran. the aim of present study was to detect total aflatoxin (aft) in domestic and imported rice in amol (in the north of iran) and to evaluate the effect of different cooking methods on the levels of the toxin. for this purpose, 42 rice samples were collected from retail stores. the raw samples were analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) technique for toxin assessment and then submitted to two different cooking me ...201423024107
oslea3-2, an abiotic stress induced gene of rice plays a key role in salt and drought tolerance.late embryogenesis abundant (lea) proteins are involved in tolerance to drought, cold and high salinity in many different organisms. in this report, a lea protein producing full-length gene oslea3-2 was identified in rice (oryza sativa) using the rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) method. oslea3-2 was found to be only expressed in the embryo and can be induced by abiotic stresses. the coding protein localizes to the nucleus and overexpression of oslea3-2 in yeast improved growth performance ...201223024799
molecular control of male reproductive development and pollen fertility in rice.anther development and male fertility are essential biological processes for flowering plants and are important for crop seed production. genetic manipulation of male fertility/sterility is critical for crop hybrid breeding. rice (oryza sativa l.) male sterility phenotypes, including genic male sterility, hybrid male sterility, and cytoplasmic male sterility, are generally caused by mutations of fertility-related genes, by incompatible interactions between divergent allelic or non-allelic genes, ...201223025662
archaeobotanical study of ancient food and cereal remains at the astana cemeteries, xinjiang, china.starch grain, phytolith and cereal bran fragments were analyzed in order to identify the food remains including cakes, dumplings, as well as porridge unearthed at the astana cemeteries in turpan of xinjiang, china. the results suggest that the cakes were made from triticum aestivum while the dumplings were made from triticum aestivum, along with setaria italica. the ingredients of the porridge remains emanated from panicum miliaceum. moreover, direct macrobotantical evidence of the utilization o ...201223028807
population diversity of rice stripe virus-derived sirnas in three different hosts and rnai-based antiviral immunity in laodelphgax striatellus.small rna-mediated gene silencing plays evolutionarily conserved roles in gene regulation and defense against invasive nucleic acids. virus-derived small interfering rnas (vsirnas) are one of the key elements involved in rna silencing-based antiviral activities in plant and insect. vsirnas produced after viruses infecting hosts from a single kingdom (i.e., plant or animal) are well described. in contrast, vsirnas derived from viruses capable of infecting both plants and their insect vectors have ...201223029445
transgenic rice with inducible ethylene production exhibits broad-spectrum disease resistance to the fungal pathogens magnaporthe oryzae and rhizoctonia solani.rice blast (magnaporthe oryzae) and sheath blight (rhizoctonia solani) are the two most devastating diseases of rice (oryza sativa), and have severe impacts on crop yield and grain quality. recent evidence suggests that ethylene (et) may play a more prominent role than salicylic acid and jasmonic acid in mediating rice disease resistance. in this study, we attempt to genetically manipulate endogenous et levels in rice for enhancing resistance to rice blast and sheath blight diseases. transgenic ...201323031077
rumen digestion of rice straw structural polysaccharides: effect of ammonia treatment and lucerne extract supplementation in vitro.the combined effects of lucerne (medicago sativa l.) extract supplementation and ammonia treatment of rice straw (oryza sativa, variety thaibonnet) on the ruminal digestion of cell wall components were investigated in six continuous culture systems using a randomised complete block design. data were fitted to second-order polynomial models. untreated rice straw had higher contents of ash-free cell wall residues (cwr; 763 v. 687 g/kg dry matter (dm)) and non-cellulosic sugars (191 v. 166 g/kg dm) ...201223031563
a map of rice genome variation reveals the origin of cultivated rice.crop domestications are long-term selection experiments that have greatly advanced human civilization. the domestication of cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.) ranks as one of the most important developments in history. however, its origins and domestication processes are controversial and have long been debated. here we generate genome sequences from 446 geographically diverse accessions of the wild rice species oryza rufipogon, the immediate ancestral progenitor of cultivated rice, and from 1,08 ...201223034647
physico-chemical properties of cationic niosomes loaded with fraction of rice (oryza sativa) bran extract.the aim of this study was to investigate the physico-chemical properties of cationic niosomes (tween61/cholesterol/ctab) loaded with fraction no. 3 of oryza sativa bran extract (osf3) at 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0% (w/v), respectively, before and after ultra-centrifugation. more white milky translucent appearance of the niosomes was observed at the higher loaded amount of osf3. the entrapment efficiency of 0.5% osf3 in niosomes was 86.22 +/- 1.43%. the sizes of the niosomes were slightly increased (1 ...201223035474
micrornas targeting dead-box helicases are involved in salinity stress response in rice (oryza sativa l.).rice (oryza sativa l.), one of the most important food crop in the world, is considered to be a salt-sensitive crop. excess levels of salt adversely affect all the major metabolic activities, including cell wall damage, cytoplasmic lysis and genomic stability. in order to cope with salt stress, plants have evolved high degrees of developmental plasticity, including adaptation via cascades of molecular networks and changes in gene expression profiles. posttranscriptional regulation, through the a ...201223043463
improving the nutritive value of rice seeds: elevation of cysteine and methionine contents in rice plants by ectopic expression of a bacterial serine acetyltransferase.with the aim of increasing the cysteine level in rice (oryza sativa l.) and thus improving its nutritional quality, transgenic rice plants were generated expressing an escherichia coli serine acetyltransferase isoform (ecsat), the enzyme synthesizing o-acetylserine, the precursor of cysteine. the gene was fused to the transit peptide of the arabidopsis rubisco and driven by a ubiquitin promoter to target the enzyme to plastids. twenty-two transgenic plants were examined for transgene protein exp ...201223048130
suppression of ku70/80 or lig4 leads to decreased stable transformation and enhanced homologous recombination in rice.evidence for the involvement of the nonhomologous end joining (nhej) pathway in agrobacterium-mediated transferred dna (t-dna) integration into the genome of the model plant arabidopsis remains inconclusive. having established a rapid and highly efficient agrobacterium-mediated transformation system in rice (oryza sativa) using scutellum-derived calli, we examined here the involvement of the nhej pathway in agrobacterium-mediated stable transformation in rice. rice calli from osku70, osku80 and ...201223050791
expression of salt-induced 2-cys peroxiredoxin from oryza sativa increases stress tolerance and fermentation capacity in genetically engineered yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae.peroxiredoxins (prxs), also termed thioredoxin peroxidases (tpxs), are a family of thiol-specific antioxidant enzymes that are critically involved in cell defense and protect cells from oxidative damage. in this study, a putative chloroplastic 2-cys thioredoxin peroxidase (ostpx) was identified by proteome analysis from leaf tissue samples of rice (oryza sativa) seedlings exposed to 0.1 m nacl for 3 days. to investigate the relationship between the ostpx gene and the stress response, ostpx was c ...201323053072
rice p450 reductases differentially affect p450-mediated metabolism in bacterial expression systems.we describe cloning and characterization of three rice (oryza sativa) nadph-cytochrome p450 reductases (oscprs; e.c.1.6.2.4) that are potential donors to plant p450s, including tryptamine 5-hydroxylase (t5h) in serotonin synthesis and cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (c4h) in phenylpropanoid synthesis. all three oscpr transcripts are induced to varying degrees by stresses. co-expression of full-length oscpr1, oscpr2 and oscpr3 with either t5h or c4h in e. coli indicated that the oscpr2/t5h and oscpr2/c4h ...201323053415
genome-wide identification, classification and expression analysis of genes encoding putative fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l.).fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins (flas), a subclass of arabinogalactan proteins (agps), have both predicted agp-like glycosylated regions and putative fasciclin (fas) domains, which may function in cell adhesion and communication. previous studies have identified 21, 27, and 34 flas in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), rice (oryza sativa), and wheat (triticum aestivum), respectively. in this study, we identified 33 flas in the annotated genome of chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. peki ...201223053954
tricin 4'-o-(erythro-β-guaiacylglyceryl) ether and tricin 4'-o-(threo-β-guaiacylglyceryl) ether isolated from njavara (oryza sativa l. var. njavara), induce apoptosis in multiple tumor cells by mitochondrial pathway.njavara is an important medicinal rice variety of kerala, india widely used in ayurveda for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, paralysis, neurodegenerative diseases and in rejuvenation therapy. the study evaluated, for the first time, antitumor effects of the two rare flavonolignans, tricin 4'-o-(erythro-β-guaiacylglyceryl) ether (compound 1) and tricin 4'-o-(threo-β-guaiacylglyceryl) ether (compound 2), isolated from 'njavara' black. both the compounds induced apoptosis in three cancer cell ...201323054487
smartgrain: high-throughput phenotyping software for measuring seed shape through image analysis.seed shape and size are among the most important agronomic traits because they affect yield and market price. to obtain accurate seed size data, a large number of measurements are needed because there is little difference in size among seeds from one plant. to promote genetic analysis and selection for seed shape in plant breeding, efficient, reliable, high-throughput seed phenotyping methods are required. we developed smartgrain software for high-throughput measurement of seed shape. this softw ...201223054566
arsenite tolerance in rice (oryza sativa l.) involves coordinated role of metabolic pathways of thiols and amino acids.thiolic ligands and several amino acids (aas) are known to build up in plants against heavy metal stress. in the present study, alteration of various aas in rice and its synchronized role with thiolic ligand was explored for arsenic (as) tolerance and detoxification. to understand the mechanism of as tolerance and stress response, rice seedlings of one tolerant (triguna) and one sensitive (iet-4786) cultivar were exposed to arsenite (0-25 μm) for 7 days for various biochemical analyses using spe ...201323054772
stress response of plant h+-ppase-expressing transgenic escherichia coli and saccharomyces cerevisiae: a potentially useful mechanism for the development of stress-tolerant organisms.the simple proton-translocating inorganic pyrophosphatase (h(+)-ppase) found in plants and protists is an evolutionally conserved, essential enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate (ppi). little is known about the functional contribution of h(+)-ppase to the cellular response to abiotic stresses, except its high salinity and drought stress. to investigate the role of h(+)-ppase during response to cellular stress, we isolated the cdna of arabidopsis thaliana h(+)-ppase (avp1) and or ...201323055406
root protein profile changes induced by al exposure in two rice cultivars differing in al tolerance.aluminum (al) toxicity is a primary limitation to crop growth in acidic soils. rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings exposed to al show significantly inhibited root growth. to understand the precise mechanisms underlying al toxicity, a comparative protein profile analysis of roots from two rice cultivars was conducted using 2-de and maldi-tof/tof-ms. a total of 79 al-regulated proteins were identified, from which 54 and 45 proteins were differentially regulated in kasalath (al-sensitive) and koshihik ...201323059537
miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (mites) in rice were originated and amplified predominantly after the divergence of oryza and brachypodium and contributed considerable diversity to the species.miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (mites) are ubiquitous in high eukaryotic genomes. more than 178,000 mite sequences of 338 families are present in the genome of rice (oryza sativa) cultivar nipponbare. interestingly, only two of the 338 mite families have homologous sequences in the genome of brachypodium distachyon, a relative in the grass family. therefore, the vast majority of mites in the rice genome were originated and amplified after the divergence of oryza and brachypodium ...201223061018
a salicylic acid-induced rice (oryza sativa l.) transcription factor oswrky77 is involved in disease resistance of arabidopsis thaliana.plant wrky transcription factors act as either positive or negative regulators of plant basal disease resistance. to comprehensively characterise the complicated functional network, we isolated oswrky77 from rice seedlings treated with salicylic acid. oswrky77 is a typical wrky transcription factor, based on in its protein structure analysis, nuclear localisation of the fused oswrky77-gfp protein and gel electrophoretic mobility shift assay binding, which demonstrated that oswrky77 was able to b ...201323061987
identification of qtls associated with tissue culture response through sequencing-based genotyping of rils derived from 93-11 × nipponbare in rice (oryza sativa).key message : the performance of callus induction and callus differentiation was evaluated by 9 indices for 140 rils; 2 major qtls associated with plant regeneration were identified. in order to investigate the genetic mechanisms of tissue culture response, 140 recombinant inbred lines (rils) derived from 93-11 (oryza sativa ssp. indica) × nipponbare (oryza sativa ssp. japonica) and a high quality genetic map based on the snps generated from deep sequencing of the ril genomes, were used to ident ...201323064615
plantrna, a database for trnas of photosynthetic eukaryotes.plantrna database (http://plantrna.ibmp.cnrs.fr/) compiles transfer rna (trna) gene sequences retrieved from fully annotated plant nuclear, plastidial and mitochondrial genomes. the set of annotated trna gene sequences has been manually curated for maximum quality and confidence. the novelty of this database resides in the inclusion of biological information relevant to the function of all the trnas entered in the library. this includes 5'- and 3'-flanking sequences, a and b box sequences, regio ...201323066098
effects of temperature on mate location in the planthopper, nilaparvata lugens (homoptera: delphacidae).the planthopper, nilaparvata lugens stål (homoptera: delphacidae), uses acoustic signals generated by abdominal vibration and transmitted through rice (oryza sativa l.) plants to locate mates. the influence of temperature (20, 28, and 32°c) on abdominal vibration patterns of individual females and males, proportion of mated females, and responsivity of male to female vibrational signals was investigated. when female and male adults were observed individually, temperatures of 20 and 32°c inhibite ...201223068181
regulation of glutamine synthetase isoforms in two differentially drought-tolerant rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars under water deficit conditions.key message : the regulation of gs isoforms by wd was organ specific. two gs isoforms i.e. osgs1;1 and osgs2 were differentially regulated in ir-64 (drought-sensitive) and khitish (drought-tolerant) cultivars of rice. water deficit (wd) has adverse effect on rice (oryza sativa l.) and acclimation requires essential reactions of primary metabolism to continue. rice plants utilize ammonium as major nitrogen source, which is assimilated into glutamine by the reaction of glutamine synthetase (gs, ec ...201323070303
characterization of a vacuolar zinc transporter ozt1 in rice (oryza sativa l.).the cdf family is a ubiquitous family that has been identified in prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and archaea. members of this family are important heavy metal transporters that transport metal ions out of the cytoplasm. in this research, a full length cdna named oryza sativa zn transporter 1 (ozt1) that closely related to rat znt-2 (zn transporter 2) gene was isolated from rice. the ozt1 encoding a cdf family protein shares 28.2 % ~ 84.3 % of identities and 49.3 % ~ 90.9 % of similarities with other z ...201323070916
identification of novel oryza sativa mirnas in deep sequencing-based small rna libraries of rice infected with rice stripe virus.micrornas (mirnas) play essential regulatory roles in the development of eukaryotes. methods based on deep-sequencing have provided a powerful high-throughput strategy for identifying novel mirnas and have previously been used to identify over 100 novel mirnas from rice. most of these reports are related to studies of rice development, tissue differentiation, or abiotic stress, but novel rice mirnas related to viral infection have rarely been identified. in previous work, we constructed and pyro ...201223071571
manipulation of plant architecture to enhance lignocellulosic biomass.biofuels hold the promise to replace an appreciable proportion of fossil fuels. not only do they emit significantly lower amounts of greenhouse gases, they are much closer to being 'carbon neutral', since the source plants utilize carbon dioxide for their growth. in particular, second-generation lignocellulosic biofuels from agricultural wastes and non-food crops such as switchgrass promise sustainability and avoid diverting food crops to fuel. currently, available lignocellulosic biomass could ...201223071897
nonredundant regulation of rice arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis by two members of the phosphate transporter1 gene family.pi acquisition of crops via arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) symbiosis is becoming increasingly important due to limited high-grade rock pi reserves and a demand for environmentally sustainable agriculture. here, we show that 70% of the overall pi acquired by rice (oryza sativa) is delivered via the symbiotic route. to better understand this pathway, we combined genetic, molecular, and physiological approaches to determine the specific functions of two symbiosis-specific members of the phosphate tran ...201223073651
the submergence tolerance gene sub1a delays leaf senescence under prolonged darkness through hormonal regulation in rice.leaf senescence is a natural age-dependent process that is induced prematurely by various environmental stresses. typical alterations during leaf senescence include breakdown of chlorophyll, a shift to catabolism of energy reserves, and induction of senescence-associated genes, all of which can occur during submergence, drought, and constant darkness. here, we evaluated the influence of the submergence tolerance regulator, submergence1a (sub1a), in the acclimation responses during leaf senescenc ...201223073696
molecular cloning and characterization of s-adenosylmethionine synthetase gene from lycoris radiata.s-adenosylmethionine (sam) synthetase catalyzes the synthesis of sam, a molecule important for all cellular organisms. it is also considered to play an important role in salt tolerance of plants. here, we cloned a lycoris radiata (l. radiata) sam synthetase gene lrsams to determine its biological function. the gene encodes a protein of 401 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 43.9 kda. amino acid sequence analysis of the deduced protein lrsams reveals high sequence identity to sam s ...201323073776
plant growth and cultivation.there is a variety of methods used for growing plants indoor for laboratory research. in most cases plant research requires germination and growth of plants. often, people have adapted plant cultivation protocols to the conditions and materials at hand in their own laboratory and growth facilities. here i will provide a guide for growing some of the most frequently used plant species for research, i.e., arabidopsis thaliana, barley (hordeum vulgare) and rice (oryza sativa). however, the methods ...201323073874
colinearity and similar expression pattern of rice dreb1s reveal their functional conservation in the cold-responsive pathway.the clustered genes c-repeat (crt) binding factor (cbf)1/dehydration-responsive element binding protein (dreb)1b, cbf2/dreb1c, and cbf3/dreb1a play a central role in cold acclimation and facilitate plant resistance to freezing in arabidopsis thaliana. rice (oryza sativa l.) is very sensitive to low temperatures; enhancing the cold stress tolerance of rice is a key challenge to increasing its yield. in this study, we demonstrate chilling acclimation, a phenomenon similar to arabidopsis cold accli ...201223077584
transcription activator-like (tal) effectors targeting ossweet genes enhance virulence on diverse rice (oryza sativa) varieties when expressed individually in a tal effector-deficient strain of xanthomonas oryzae.genomes of the rice (oryza sativa) xylem and mesophyll pathogens xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo) and pv. oryzicola (xoc) encode numerous secreted transcription factors called transcription activator-like (tal) effectors. in a few studied rice varieties, some of these contribute to virulence by activating corresponding host susceptibility genes. some activate disease resistance genes. the roles of x. oryzae tal effectors in diverse rice backgrounds, however, are poorly understood. xoo tal eff ...201223078195
identification of quantitative trait loci for blast resistance in bc₂f₃ and bc₂f5 advanced backcross families of rice.advanced backcross families derived from oryza sativa cv mr219/o. rufipogon irgc105491 were utilized for identification of quantitative trait loci (qtl) for blast resistance using simple sequence repeat markers. two hundred and sixty-one bc(2)f(3) families were used to construct a linkage map, using 87 markers, which covered 2375.2 cm of 12 rice chromosomes, with a mean density of 27.3 cm. the families were evaluated in a greenhouse for resistance to blast disease caused by pathotypes p7.2 and p ...201223079822
effects of salt stress on ion balance and nitrogen metabolism of old and young leaves in rice (oryza sativa l.).it is well known that salt stress has different effects on old and young tissues. however, it remains largely unexplored whether old and young tissues have different regulatory mechanism during adaptation of plants to salt stress. the aim of this study was to investigate whether salt stress has different effects on the ion balance and nitrogen metabolism in the old and young leaves of rice, and to compare functions of both organs in rice salt tolerance.201223082824
osvil2 functions with prc2 to induce flowering by repressing oslfl1 in rice.flowering is exquisitely regulated by both promotive and inhibitory factors. molecular genetic studies with arabidopsis have verified several epigenetic repressors that regulate flowering time. however, the roles of chromatin remodeling factors in developmental processes have not been well explored in oryza sativa (rice). we identified a chromatin remodeling factor osvil2 (o. sativa vin3-like 2) that promotes flowering. osvil2 contains a plant homeodomain (phd) finger, which is a conserved motif ...201323083333
genome-wide transcriptome profiling of ros scavenging and signal transduction pathways in rice (oryza sativa l.) in response to different types of ionizing radiation.ionizing radiation directly and indirectly affects gene expression within the plant genome. to access the antioxidant response of rice to different types of ionizing radiation, rice seeds were exposed to gamma-ray, cosmic-ray and ion beam radiation. exposure to ionizing radiation dramatically decreased the shoot length in all plants but not the root length compared with a non-irradiated plant. electron spin resonance, confirmed that the number of free radicals in cell was greatly increased by di ...201223086269
molecular evolution of the tac1 gene from rice (oryza sativa l.).tiller angle is a key feature of the architecture of cultivated rice (oryza sativa), since it determines planting density and influences rice yield. our previous work identified tiller angle control 1 (tac1) as a major quantitative trait locus that controls rice tiller angle. to further clarify the evolutionary characterization of the tac1 gene, we compared a tac1-containing 3164-bp genomic region among 113 cultivated varieties and 48 accessions of wild rice, including 43 accessions of o. rufipo ...201223089365
dynamic changes in the distribution of minerals in relation to phytic acid accumulation during rice seed development.phytic acid (inositol hexakisphosphate [insp(6)]) is the storage compound of phosphorus in seeds. as phytic acid binds strongly to metallic cations, it also acts as a storage compound of metals. to understand the mechanisms underlying metal accumulation and localization in relation to phytic acid storage, we applied synchrotron-based x-ray microfluorescence imaging analysis to characterize the simultaneous subcellular distribution of some mineral elements (phosphorus, calcium, potassium, iron, z ...201223090587
genome-wide survey of ds exonization to enrich transcriptomes and proteomes in plants.insertion of transposable elements (tes) into introns can lead to their activation as alternatively spliced cassette exons, an event called exonization which can enrich the complexity of transcriptomes and proteomes. previously, we performed the first experimental assessment of te exonization by inserting a ds element into each intron of the rice epsps gene. exonization of ds in plants was biased toward providing splice donor sites from the beginning of the inserted ds sequence. additionally, ds ...201223091369
comparison of power output by rice (oryza sativa) and an associated weed (echinochloa glabrescens) in vascular plant bio-photovoltaic (vp-bpv) systems.vascular plant bio-photovoltaics (vp-bpv) is a recently developed technology that uses higher plants to harvest solar energy and the metabolic activity of heterotrophic microorganisms in the plant rhizosphere to generate electrical power. in the present study, electrical output and maximum power output variations were investigated in a novel vp-bpv configuration using the crop plant rice (oryza sativa l.) or an associated weed, echinochloa glabrescens (munro ex hook. f.). in order to compare dir ...201323093175
knockdown of a rice stelar nitrate transporter alters long-distance translocation but not root influx.root nitrate uptake is well known to adjust to the plant's nitrogen demand for growth. long-distance transport and/or root storage pools are thought to provide negative feedback signals regulating root uptake. we have characterized a vascular specific nitrate transporter belonging to the high-affinity nitrate transporter2 (nrt2) family, osnrt2.3a, in rice (oryza sativa ssp. japonica 'nipponbare'). localization analyses using protoplast expression, in planta promoter-β-glucuronidase assay, and in ...201223093362
chloroplast dna polymorphism and evolutional relationships between asian cultivated rice (oryza sativa) and its wild relatives (o. rufipogon).we analyzed chloroplast dna (cpdna) polymorphism and phylogenic relationships between 6 typical indica rice, 4 japonica rice, 8 javanica rice, and 12 asian common wild rice (oryza rufipogon) strains collected from different latitudes in china by comparing polymorphism at 9 highly variable regions. one hundred and forty-four polymorphic bases were detected. the o. rufipogon samples had 117 polymorphic bases, showing rich genetic diversity. one hundred and thirty-one bases at 13 sites were identif ...201223096910
phyllochron dynamics during the course of late shoot development might be affected by reproductive development in rice (oryza sativa l.).phyllochron, defined as the interval time between appearances of successive leaves on a shoot, is an important measurement to know the developmental state of a shoot apex in rice. previous studies revealed that phyllochron dynamics during the course of shoot development of rice was divided into three stages, regardless of environment and genotype: (1) maintenance of short phyllochron in the early developmental stage, (2) drastic increase of phyllochron depending on leaf number from the base in t ...201223096942
molecular cloning and functional analysis of three flowering locus t (ft) homologous genes from chinese cymbidium.the flowering locus t (ft) gene plays crucial roles in regulating the transition from the vegetative to reproductive phase. to understand the molecular mechanism of reproduction, three homologous ft genes were isolated and characterized from cymbidium sinense "qi jian bai mo", cymbidium goeringii and cymbidium ensifolium "jin si ma wei". the three genes contained 618-bp nucleotides with a 531-bp open reading frame (orf) of encoding 176 amino acids (aas). alignment of the aa sequences revealed th ...201223109860
genome-wide identification of reverse complementary microrna genes in plants.micrornas (mirnas) are ∼21-nucleotide small rnas (srnas) with essential regulatory roles in plants. they are generated from stem-loop-structured precursors through two sequential dicer-like 1 (dcl1)-mediated cleavages. to date, hundreds of plant mirnas have been uncovered. however, the question, whether the sequences reverse complementary (rc) to the mirna precursors could form hairpin-like structures and produce srna duplexes similar to the mirna/mirna* pairs has not been solved yet. here, we i ...201223110057
comparative genome-wide transcriptional analysis of al-responsive genes reveals novel al tolerance mechanisms in rice.rice (oryza sativa) is the most aluminum (al)-tolerant crop among small-grain cereals, but the mechanism underlying its high al resistance is still not well understood. to understand the mechanisms underlying high al-tolerance, we performed a comparative genome-wide transcriptional analysis by comparing expression profiling between the al-tolerance cultivar (koshihikari) and an al-sensitive mutant star1 (sensitive to al rhizotoxicity 1) in both the root tips and the basal roots. exposure to 20 µ ...023110212
transient induction of melatonin biosynthesis in rice (oryza sativa l.) during the reproductive stage.the regulation of reproduction-stage inducible melatonin biosynthesis in rice (oryza sativa cv. dongjin) was investigated. the flag leaf and panicle (flower) were collected from field-grown rice at three different reproductive stages: the preflowering stage, flowering stage, and postflowering stage. melatonin synthesis was induced in the panicle, whereas no induction was observed in the flag leaf during the reproductive stages. the panicle displayed a peak melatonin level of 0.4 ng/g fresh weigh ...201323110463
smrnaome profiling to identify conserved and novel micrornas in stevia rebaudiana bertoni.micrornas (mirnas) constitute a family of small rna (srna) population that regulates the gene expression and plays an important role in plant development, metabolism, signal transduction and stress response. extensive studies on mirnas have been performed in different plants such as arabidopsis thaliana, oryza sativa etc. and volume of the mirna database, mirbase, has been increasing on day to day basis. stevia rebaudiana bertoni is an important perennial herb which accumulates high concentratio ...201223116282
overexpression of a protein disulfide isomerase-like protein from methanothermobacter thermoautotrophicum enhances mercury tolerance in transgenic rice.mth1745, from thermophilic archaea methanothermobacter thermoautotrophicum, is a protein disulfide isomerase-like protein (pdil) with a chaperone function and disulfide isomerase activity. mercuric cations have a high affinity for sulfhydryl groups and consequently inhibit plant growth. disulfide compounds (e.g., copper-zinc superoxide dismutase, cu/zn sod) and sulfhydryl compounds (e.g., glutathione, phytochelatins, and metallothioneins) play important roles in mercury (hg) response. to study t ...201223116667
an ornithine δ-aminotransferase gene osoat confers drought and oxidative stress tolerance in rice.ornithine δ-aminotransferase (δ-oat) is a pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme that has been proposed to be involved in proline (pro) and arginine (arg) metabolism. however, the actual role of δ-oat in abiotic responses in plants remains to be clarified. here we characterized an ornithine δ-aminotransferase gene osoat that confers multi-stress tolerance in rice (oryza sativa). we confirmed that osoat is a direct target of the stress-responsive nac transcription factor snac2. osoat is responsi ...201223116672
aluminium tolerance in rice is antagonistic with nitrate preference and synergistic with ammonium preference.acidic soils are dominated chemically by more ammonium and more available, so more potentially toxic, aluminium compared with neutral to calcareous soils, which are characterized by more nitrate and less available, so less toxic, aluminium. however, it is not known whether aluminium tolerance and nitrogen source preference are linked in plants.201323118122
construction of gene regulatory networks mediated by vegetative and reproductive stage-specific small rnas in rice (oryza sativa).although huge amounts of high-throughput sequencing (hts) data are available, limited systematic analyses have been performed by integrating these valuable resources. based on small rna (srna), rna and degradome hts data, the srnas specifically expressed at vegetative and reproductive stages were identified separately in rice. two distinct groups of srna hts data, which were prepared during the vegetative and the reproductive stages, were utilized to extract stage-specific srnas. degradome seque ...201323121287
differential subcellular localization, enzymatic properties and expression patterns of γ-aminobutyric acid transaminases (gaba-ts) in rice (oryza sativa).γ-aminobutyric acid transaminase (gaba-t) catalyzes the conversion of gaba to succinic semialdehyde. the rice (oryza sativa) genome possesses four putative gaba-t genes, which exhibit high amino acid identity (73-82%) but differ in length of the n-terminal region. transient expression of gaba-t-green fluorescent fusion proteins in onion epidermal cells demonstrated that two of the four enzymes were targeted to mitochondria, a third to chloroplasts, and the fourth to cytosol. enzymatic analysis o ...201323122787
purple rice extract and its constituents suppress endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced retinal damage in vitro and in vivo.endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress has been implicated as a cause of various neurodegenerative diseases. we evaluated the protective effects of purple rice (oryza sativa l.) bran extract (pre) and its constituents, namely cyanidin, peonidin, and a newly isolated compound 2-hydroxy-5-[(3s)-3-hydroxybutyl]phenyl-β-d-glucoside (hhpg), against tunicamycin-induced retinal damage.201323123597
loose plant architecture1, an indeterminate domain protein involved in shoot gravitropism, regulates plant architecture in rice.tiller angle and leaf angle are two important components of rice (oryza sativa) plant architecture that play a crucial role in determining grain yield. here, we report the cloning and characterization of the loose plant architecture1 (lpa1) gene in rice, the functional ortholog of the atidd15/shoot gravitropism5 (sgr5) gene in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana). lpa1 regulates tiller angle and leaf angle by controlling the adaxial growth of tiller node and lamina joint. lpa1 was also found to af ...201323124325
glutathione reductase from oryza sativa increases acquired tolerance to abiotic stresses in a genetically modified saccharomyces cerevisiae strain.glutathione reductase (gr, e.c. 1.6.4.2) is an important enzyme that reduces glutathione disulfide (gssg) to a sulfydryl form (gsh) in the presence of an nadph-dependent system. this is a critical antioxidant mechanism. owing to the significance of gr, this enzyme has been examined in a number of animals, plants, and microbes. we performed a study to evaluate the molecular properties of gr (osgr) from rice (oryza sativa). to determine whether heterologous expression of osgr can reduce the delete ...201223124348
the family of dof transcription factors in brachypodium distachyon: phylogenetic comparison with rice and barley dofs and expression profiling.transcription factors (tfs) are proteins that have played a central role both in evolution and in domestication, and are major regulators of development in living organisms. plant genome sequences reveal that approximately 7% of all genes encode putative tfs. the dof (dna binding with one finger) tf family has been associated with vital processes exclusive to higher plants and to their close ancestors (algae, mosses and ferns). these are seed maturation and germination, light-mediated regulation ...023126376
an efficient rice mutagenesis system based on suspension-cultured cells.plant mutants are important bio-resources for crop breeding and gene functional studies. conventional methods for generating mutant libraries by mutagenesis of seeds with physical or chemical agents are of low efficiency. here, we developed a highly-efficient ethyl methanesulfonate (ems) mutagenesis system based on suspension-cultured cells, with rice (oryza sativa l.) as an example. we show that treatment of suspension-cultured tiny cell clusters with 0.4% ems for 18-22 h followed by differenti ...201323126685
ion-beam irradiation, gene identification, and marker-assisted breeding in the development of low-cadmium rice.rice (oryza sativa l.) grain is a major dietary source of cadmium (cd), which is toxic to humans, but no practical technique exists to substantially reduce cd contamination. carbon ion-beam irradiation produced three rice mutants with <0.05 mg cd⋅kg(-1) in the grain compared with a mean of 1.73 mg cd⋅kg(-1) in the parent, koshihikari. we identified the gene responsible for reduced cd uptake and developed a strategy for marker-assisted selection of low-cd cultivars. sequence analysis revealed tha ...201223132948
oryza sativa actin-interacting protein 1 is required for rice growth by promoting actin turnover.rapid actin turnover is essential for numerous actin-based processes. however, how it is precisely regulated remains poorly understood. actin-interacting protein 1 (aip1) has been shown to be an important factor by acting coordinately with actin-depolymerizing factor (adf)/cofilin in promoting actin depolymerization, the rate-limiting factor in actin turnover. however, the molecular mechanism by which aip1 promotes actin turnover remains largely unknown in plants. here, we provide a demonstratio ...201323134061
expression analysis of calmodulin and calmodulin-like genes from rice, oryza sativa l.in plants, a large family of calmodulin (cam) and cam-like (cml) proteins transduce the increase in cytosolic ca2+ concentrations by binding to and altering the activities of target proteins, and thereby affecting the physiological responses to a vast array of stimuli. here, transcript expression analysis of cam and cml gene family members in rice (oryza sativa l.) was extensively examined.201223134977
fine mapping of stable qtls related to eating quality in rice (oryza sativa l.) by cssls harboring small target chromosomal segments.amylose content (ac) and viscosity profile are primary indices for evaluating eating and cooking qualities of rice grain. using chromosome segment substitution lines (cssls), previous studies identified a qtl cluster of genes for rice eating and cooking quality in the interval r727-g1149 on chromosome 8. in this study we report two qtls for viscosity parameters, respectively controlling setback viscosity (sbv) and consistency viscosity (csv), located in the same interval using rapid viscosity an ...201123136470
genetic analysis of heterotic loci detected in a cross between indica and japonica rice (oryza sativa l.).the study on the genetic basis of heterosis has received significant attention in recent years. in this study, using a set of introgression lines (ils) and corresponding testcross f(1) populations, we investigated heterotic loci (hl) associated with six yield-related traits in both oryza sativa l. subsp. indica and japonica. a total of 41 hl were detected on the basis of mid-parent heterosis values with single-point analysis. the f(1) test-cross population showed superiority in most yield-relate ...201123136475
characterization of near-isogenic lines carrying qtl for high spikelet number with the genetic background of an indica rice variety ir64 (oryza sativa l.).total spikelet number per panicle (tsn) is one of the most important traits associated with rice yield potential. this trait was assessed in a set of 334 chromosomal segment introgression lines (ils: bc(3)-derived lines), developed from new plant type (npt) varieties as donor parents and having the genetic background of an indica-type rice variety ir64. among the 334 ils, five lines which had different donor parents and showed significantly higher tsn than ir64 were used for genetic analysis. qu ...201223136510
genetic characterization of rainfed upland new rice for africa (nerica) varieties.a total of 18 rainfed upland new rice for africa (nerica) varieties were categorized as the heavy panicle and low tillering types and early heading, in compared with 32 different varieties. these chromosome components were clarified using 243 ssr markers which showed polymorphism among nerica varieties and their parents, cg 14 (o. glaberrima steud.) and one of the recurrent parents, wab-56-104 (o. sativa l.). nerica varieties were classified into three groups, which corresponded with these paren ...201223136511
comparison of physiological and yield traits between purple- and white-pericarp rice using sls.five physiological and eleven yield traits of two pairs of sister lines generated from a high generation with similar genetic background (sls) for purple pericarp were investigated to explore the reasons behind low-yield production of colored rice. of the five physiological traits examined, except grain anthocyanin content, there were generally similar trends between the p (purple-pericarp) lines and the corresponding w (white-pericarp) lines over two seasons (in the year 2009 and 2010 separatel ...201223136516
characterization and identification of cold tolerant near-isogenic lines in rice.to exploit the genetic mechanism of cold tolerance in rice, cold tolerant near-isogenic lines (nils) were developed by backcrossing kunmingxiaobaigu (kmxbg), reported to be the most cold-tolerant variety at the booting stage, as donor, with the cold sensitive japanese commercial japonica variety, towada. comparisons of cold tolerance-related traits between five bc(6)f(5) nils and recurrent parent towada under cold treatment and normal temperatures at the booting stage showed that the differences ...201223136531
a kelch motif-containing serine/threonine protein phosphatase determines the large grain qtl trait in rice.a thorough understanding of the genetic basis of rice grain traits is critical for the improvement of rice (oryza sativa l.) varieties. in this study, we generated an f₂ population by crossing the large-grain japonica cultivar cw23 with peiai 64 (pa64), an elite indica small-grain cultivar. using qtl analysis, 17 qtls for five grain traits were detected on four different chromosomes. eight of the qtls were newly-identified in this study. in particular, qgl3-1, a newly-identified grain length qtl ...201223137285
arsenite tolerance is related to proportional thiolic metabolite synthesis in rice (oryza sativa l.).thiol metabolism is the primary detoxification strategy by which rice plants tolerate arsenic (as) stress. in light of this, it is important to understand the importance of harmonised thiol metabolism with as accumulation and tolerance in rice plant. for this aim, tolerant (t) and sensitive (s) genotypes were screened from 303 rice (oryza sativa) genotypes on exposure to 10 and 25 μm arsenite (as(iii)) in hydroponic culture. on further as accumulation estimation, contrasting (13-fold difference) ...201323138651
simultaneous rna-seq analysis of a mixed transcriptome of rice and blast fungus interaction.a filamentous fungus, magnaporthe oryzae, is a causal agent of rice blast disease, which is one of the most serious diseases affecting cultivated rice, oryza sativa. however, the molecular mechanisms underlying both rice defense and fungal attack are not yet fully understood. extensive past studies have characterized many infection-responsive genes in the pathogen and host plant, separately. to understand the plant-pathogen interaction comprehensively, it is valuable to monitor the gene expressi ...201223139845
auxin signal transcription factor regulates expression of the brassinosteroid receptor gene in rice.the phytohormones auxins and brassinosteroids are both essential regulators of physiological and developmental processes, and it has been suggested that they act inter-dependently and synergistically. in rice (oryza sativa), auxin co-application improves the brassinosteroid response in the rice lamina inclination bioassay. here, we showed that auxins stimulate brassinosteroid perception by regulating the level of brassinosteroid receptor. auxin treatment increased expression of the rice brassino ...201323146214
inhibition of a basal transcription factor 3-like gene osj10gbtf3 in rice results in significant plant miniaturization and typical pollen abortion.btf3, which was originally recognized as a basal transcription factor, has been known to be involved in transcription initiation, translational regulation and protein localization in many eukaryotic organisms. however, its function remains largely unknown in plant species. in the present study, we analyzed a btf3-related sequence in oryza sativa l. subsp. japonica, which shares the conserved domain of a nascent polypeptide-associated complex with human btf3, and was referred to as osj10gbtf3. th ...201223147221
identification and characterization of an epi-allele of fie1 reveals a regulatory linkage between two epigenetic marks in rice.dna methylation and histone h3 lys 9 dimethylation (h3k9me2) are important epigenetic repression marks for silencing transposons in heterochromatin and for regulating gene expression. however, the mechanistic relationship to other repressive marks, such as histone h3 lys 27 trimethylation (h3k27me3) is unclear. fertilization-independent endosperm1 (fie1) encodes an esc-like core component of the polycomb repressive complex 2, which is involved in h3k27me3-mediated gene repression. here, we ident ...201223150632
aluminium localization and toxicity symptoms related to root growth inhibition in rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings.we correlated root growth inhibition with aluminium (al(3+)) localization and toxicity symptoms in rice roots using seedlings of two genotypes (tolerant and sensitive) that were exposed to different alcl(3) concentrations. al(3+) localization was evaluated by hematoxylin in primary roots and by morin in cross-sections of the root tips. neutral invertase enzyme activity and callose (1 -- 3, beta-d-glucan) accumulation were observed and compared with al(3+) accumulation sites. root growth was inhi ...201223151797
a dual role of se on cd toxicity: evidences from the uptake of cd and some essential elements and the growth responses in paddy rice.this study was carried out to investigate the effects of selenium (se) on the uptake and translocation of cadmium (cd) and essential elements in paddy rice (oryza sativa l., shuangyou 998). selenium could alleviate/aggravate cd toxicity in paddy rice, which depended on the dosages of se and/or cd. when cd treatment level was as low as 35.6 μm, ≤12.7 μm se could inhibit the uptake of cd in paddy rice and increase the biomass of paddy rice; however, with cd levels reaching 89-178 μm, the addition ...201323152001
silicate mineral impacts on the uptake and storage of arsenic and plant nutrients in rice ( oryza sativa l.).arsenic-contaminated rice grain may threaten human health globally. since h₃aso₃⁰ is the predominant as species found in paddy pore-waters, and h₄sio₄⁰ and h₃aso₃⁰ share an uptake pathway, silica amendments have been proposed to decrease as uptake and consequent as concentrations in grains. here, we evaluated the impact of two silicate mineral additions differing in solubility (+si(l), diatomaceous earth, 0.29 mm si; +si(h), si-gel, 1.1 mm si) to soils differing in mineralogy on arsenic concentr ...201223153302
one divinyl reductase reduces the 8-vinyl groups in various intermediates of chlorophyll biosynthesis in a given higher plant species, but the isozyme differs between species.divinyl reductase (dvr) converts 8-vinyl groups on various chlorophyll intermediates to ethyl groups, which is indispensable for chlorophyll biosynthesis. to date, five dvr activities have been detected, but adequate evidence of enzymatic assays using purified or recombinant dvr proteins has not been demonstrated, and it is unclear whether one or multiple enzymes catalyze these activities. in this study, we systematically carried out enzymatic assays using four recombinant dvr proteins and five ...201323154534
functional relevance of j-protein family of rice (oryza sativa).protein folding and disaggregation are crucial processes for survival of cells under unfavorable conditions. a network of molecular chaperones supports these processes. collaborative action of hsp70 and hsp100 proteins is an important component of this network. j-proteins/dnaj members as co-chaperones assist hsp70. as against 22 dnaj sequences noted in yeast, rice genome contains 104 j-genes. rice j-genes were systematically classified into type a (12 sequences), type b (9 sequences), and type c ...201323160806
pgr5-dependent cyclic electron transport around psi contributes to the redox homeostasis in chloroplasts rather than co(2) fixation and biomass production in rice.the pgr5 (proton gradient regulation 5) gene that is required for psi cyclic electron transport in arabidopsis was knocked down in rice (oryza sativa). in three pgr5 knockdown (kd) lines, the pgr5 protein level was reduced to 5-8% of that in the wild type, resulting in a 50% reduction in pgrl1 (pgr5-like photosynthetic phenotype 1) protein levels. in ruptured chloroplasts, ferredoxin-dependent plastoquinone reduction activity was partially impaired; the phenotype was mimicked by addition of anti ...201223161858
mutants of saccharomyces cerevisiae and bacillus citri changed the protein content of the nigerian oryza sativa variety "igbimo" during fermentation.effect of mutation on protein production by saccharomyces cerevisiae and bacillus citri, the best protein producing yeast and bacterium isolated during a previous natural fermentation of a nigerian rice ("igbimo"). the two microorganisms were grown to logarithmic phase and mutagenized separately using ethylmethyl sulphonate (ems). the wild-types and variants were inoculated individually into sterile "igbimo" rice. fermentation was allowed to take place at 27°c for 7 days after which protein rele ...201223166568
genome-wide survey and expression analysis of amino acid transporter gene family in rice (oryza sativa l.).amino acid transporters (aats) that transport amino acids across cellular membranes are essential for plant growth and development. to date, a genome-wide overview of the aat gene family in rice is not yet available.201223166615
origin of oryza sativa in china inferred by nucleotide polymorphisms of organelle dna.china is rich of germplasm resources of common wild rice (oryza rufipogon griff.) and asian cultivated rice (o. sativa l.) which consists of two subspecies, indica and japonica. previous studies have shown that china is one of the domestication centers of o. sativa. however, the geographic origin and the domestication times of o. sativa in china are still under debate. to settle these disputes, six chloroplast loci and four mitochondrial loci were selected to examine the relationships between 50 ...201223166706
transposing from the laboratory to the classroom to generate authentic research experiences for undergraduates.large lecture classes and standardized laboratory exercises are characteristic of introductory biology courses. previous research has found that these courses do not adequately convey the process of scientific research and the excitement of discovery. here we propose a model that provides beginning biology students with an inquiry-based, active learning laboratory experience. the dynamic genome course replicates a modern research laboratory focused on eukaryotic transposable elements where begin ...201323172853
effect of silver nanoparticles on oryza sativa l. and its rhizosphere bacteria.silver nanoparticles (agnps) are widely used as antibacterial and antifungal agents in agriculture. nevertheless, these nanoparticles with newborn properties pose a potential risk to the environment, due to contact with crops and bacteria that are beneficial to the soil. this study is based on the examination of the phytotoxic effects of agnps on oryza sativa l. and some of its rhizosphere bacteria, by physiological and biochemical assays. in order to study the complex interaction of the agnps l ...201323174269
leaf senescence in rice due to magnesium deficiency mediated defect in transpiration rate before sugar accumulation and chlorosis.magnesium (mg) is an essential macronutrient supporting various functions, including photosynthesis. however, the specific physiological responses to mg deficiency remain elusive. in this study, 2-week-old rice seedlings (oryza sativa. cv. nipponbare) with three expanded leaves (l2-l4) were transferred to mg-free nutrient solution for 8 days. in the absence of mg, on day 8, l5 and l6 were completely developed, while l7 just emerged. we also studied several mineral deficiencies to identify specif ...201323176135
the perennial ryegrass genomezipper: targeted use of genome resources for comparative grass genomics.whole-genome sequences established for model and major crop species constitute a key resource for advanced genomic research. for outbreeding forage and turf grass species like ryegrasses (lolium spp.), such resources have yet to be developed. here, we present a model of the perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne) genome on the basis of conserved synteny to barley (hordeum vulgare) and the model grass genome brachypodium (brachypodium distachyon) as well as rice (oryza sativa) and sorghum (sorghum bi ...201323184232
genome-wide profiling of histone h3k4-tri-methylation and gene expression in rice under drought stress.histone modifications affect gene expression level. several studies have shown that they may play key roles in regulating gene expression in plants under abiotic stress, but genome-wide surveys of such stress-related modifications are very limited, especially for crops. by using chip-seq and rna-seq, we investigated the genome-wide distribution pattern of histone h3 lysine4 tri-methylation (h3k4me3) and the pattern's association with whole genome expression profiles of rice (oryza sativa l.) und ...201323192746
the rice genome knowledgebase (rgkbase): an annotation database for rice comparative genomics and evolutionary biology.over the past 10 years, genomes of cultivated rice cultivars and their wild counterparts have been sequenced although most efforts are focused on genome assembly and annotation of two major cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.) subspecies, 93-11 (indica) and nipponbare (japonica). to integrate information from genome assemblies and annotations for better analysis and application, we now introduce a comparative rice genome database, the rice genome knowledgebase (rgkbase, http://rgkbase.big.ac.cn/rgk ...201323193278
characterization of transferrin receptor-mediated endocytosis and cellular iron delivery of recombinant human serum transferrin from rice (oryza sativa l.).transferrin (tf) plays a critical physiological role in cellular iron delivery via the transferrin receptor (tfr)-mediated endocytosis pathway in nearly all eukaryotic organisms. human serum tf (htf) is extensively used as an iron-delivery vehicle in various mammalian cell cultures for production of therapeutic proteins, and is also being explored for use as a drug carrier to treat a number of diseases by employing its unique tfr-mediated endocytosis pathway. with the increasing concerns over th ...201223194296
brassinosteroids suppress rice defense against root-knot nematodes through antagonism with the jasmonate pathway.the importance of phytohormone balance is increasingly recognized as central to the outcome of plant-pathogen interactions. next to their well-known developmental role, brassinosteroids (br) were recently found to be involved in plant innate immunity. in this study, we examined the role of br in rice (oryza sativa) innate immunity during infection with the root-knot nematode meloidogyne graminicola, and we studied the inter-relationship with the jasmonate (ja) pathway. exogenous epibrassinolide ...201323194343
hydrolysis of conjugated gibberellins by β-glucosidases from dwarf rice (oryza sativa l. cv. «tan-ginbozu»).dwarf rice (oryza sativa l. cv. «tan-ginbozu») is widely used for gibberellin conjugate bioassay. soluble and particulate fractions from seeds and seedlings of this variety showed hydrolytic activity toward [(3)h]ga-o-glc. the soluble fraction from mature seeds exhibited the highest [(3)h]ga-o-glc/pnp-β-glc hydrolysis ratio which decreased during the early germination phase. the soluble β-glucosidases from mature seeds were efficiently separated by cmsephadex c-50 column chromatography. it was f ...198423195047
identification and localization of sugar components of rice (oryza sativa l.) root cap mucilage.this study is devoted to the neutral sugar analysis of rice root exudate and root cap mucilage.the results indicate that most of the carbohydrate in the exudate is released in soluble dialysable form, mainly as glucose. mucilage polymers represent only a minor fraction of the whole exudate containing glucose, galactose, xylose, arabinose, and minor amounts of fucose and mannose. in situ localization of some of these sugar residues is also reported. the strongest reaction detected is with fucose- ...198423195302
selection and nuclear dna analysis of cell hybrids between daucus carota and oryza sativa.in order to study the fate of the parental genomes in somatic cell hybrids between distantly related species, protoplasts from cultured cells of daucus carota and oryza sativa were fused. selective conditions resulted, exclusively, in the growth of hybrid colonies which combined the capacity to multiply of carrot cells with the natural resistance to a2ca of rice cells. a methodology for measuring the relative contribution of the parental cells to the hybrid nuclear genome has been worked out. th ...198523196174
n-glycan maturation is crucial for cytokinin-mediated development and cellulose synthesis in oryza sativa.to explore the physiological significance of n-glycan maturation in the plant golgi apparatus, gnt1, a mutant with loss of n-acetylglucosaminyltransferase i (gnti) function, was isolated in oryza sativa. gnt1 exhibited complete inhibition of n-glycan maturation and accumulated high-mannose n-glycans. phenotypic analyses revealed that gnt1 shows defective post-seedling development and incomplete cell wall biosynthesis, leading to symptoms such as failure in tiller formation, brittle leaves, reduc ...201323199012
identification of the highly accumulated microrna*s in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) and rice (oryza sativa).plant micrornas (mirnas) are crucial for the regulation of gene expression, which is involved in almost all the important biological processes. in the cytoplasm, the mirna strand is selectively incorporated into a specific argonaute (ago)-associated gene silencing complex, while the mirna* is degraded rapidly. thus, most mirna*s were thought to be biologically meaningless. interestingly, several recent reports in both plants and animals have shaken this notion. many mirna*s were demonstrated to ...201323201415
is aba involved in tolerance responses to salinity by affecting cytoplasm ion homeostasis in rice cell lines?the ability of plant cells to maintain cytoplasm ion homeostasis under saline stress is among the main mechanisms involved in salt tolerance. to cope with excess na(+), cells extrude it from the cytoplasm, which requires expenditure of metabolic energy, provided by h(+) gradients generated by membrane-bound h(+)-pumps. aba is well-known to be involved in physiological processes elicited or enhanced by stresses causing cell dehydration. in this work we studied the possible implication of this pla ...201323202047
rice (oryza sativa) lipase: molecular cloning, functional expression and substrate specificity.lipases are important biocatalysts showing many interesting properties with industrial applications. previously, different isoforms of lipases, lipase-i and lipase-ii from rice (oryza sativa) have been purified and characterized. lipase-ii identified as the major lipase in rice bran is designated as rice bran lipase (rbl). in this study, we report the cloning and expression of the rbl in escherichia coli and pichia pastoris. an exploration of expression in four different e. coli expression syste ...201323202292
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