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correlation of t cell response and bacterial clearance in human volunteers challenged with helicobacter pylori revealed by randomised controlled vaccination with ty21a-based salmonella vaccines.helicobacter pylori remains a global health hazard, and vaccination would be ideal for its control. natural infection appears not to induce protective immunity. thus, the feasibility of a vaccine for humans is doubtful.200818417532
detection of t lymphocytes in intestine of broiler chicks treated with lactobacillus spp. and challenged with salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis.the expression of immune response in the form of leukocytic infiltrate by cd3+, cd4+, and cd8+ cells in the epithelium and in the intestinal lamina propria of chicks was studied in the present work by means of immunohistochemical reaction. the chicks were treated with lactobacillus spp. or cecal microflora (cm) and experimentally challenged or not with salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis. the 320 birds utilized were divided into 4 groups containing 80 chicks each and submitted to treatments ...200818420983
[technic study on multilocus sequence typing system of salmonella enteritidis].to characterize different salmonella enterica enteritidis isolates through multilocus sequence typing (mlst) system, a molecular epidemiologic analysis method was established.200818421863
inactivation of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis in shell eggs by sequential application of heat and ozone.to assess the contribution of ozone to lethality of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis in experimentally inoculated whole shell eggs that are sequentially treated with heat and gaseous ozone in pilot-scale equipment.200818422940
real-time optical detection of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus using lytic phage probes.staphylococcus aureus (s. aureus)-specific bacteriophage was used as a probe for detection of methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa) in aqueous solution using a novel optical method. biorecognition phage monolayers transferred to glass substrates using langmuir-blodgett (lb) technique were exposed individually to mrsa in solution at logarithmic concentrations ranging from 10(6) to 10(9)cfu/ml, and observed for real-time binding using a cytoviva optical light microscope system. results indicate t ...200818424125
formate acts as a diffusible signal to induce salmonella invasion.to infect an animal host, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium must penetrate the intestinal epithelial barrier. this process of invasion requires a type iii secretion system encoded within salmonella pathogenicity island i (spi1). we found that a mutant with deletions of the acetate kinase and phosphotransacetylase genes (acka-pta) was deficient in invasion and spi1 expression but that invasion gene expression was completely restored by supplying medium conditioned by growth of the wild-type ...200818424519
the inositol phosphatase ship controls salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection in vivo.the sh2 domain-containing inositol 5'-phosphatase, ship, negatively regulates various hematopoietic cell functions and is critical for maintaining immune homeostasis. however, whether ship plays a role in controlling bacterial infections in vivo remains unknown. salmonella enterica causes human salmonellosis, a disease that ranges in severity from mild gastroenteritis to severe systemic illness, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. the susceptibility of ship(+/+) and ship( ...200818426884
analysis of nitric oxide-dependent antimicrobial actions in macrophages and mice.nitric oxide (no*) is a critical component of mammalian host defense that is produced in macrophages and other cells comprising the innate immune system. isolated mammalian macrophages have been utilized to measure the kinetics of no production and to demonstrate no-related antimicrobial actions. some microorganisms possess enzymes to detoxify nitrogen oxides, and mutant strains lacking these enzymes can be used to demonstrate the importance of these mechanisms for intracellular bacterial surviv ...200818433645
the salmonella typhi hlye gene plays a role in invasion of cultured epithelial cells and its functional transfer to s. typhimurium promotes deep organ infection in mice.comparison of genome sequences of salmonella enterica serovars typhi and typhimurium reveals that s. typhi has a small 2.3kb genomic island missing in s. typhimurium, designated salmonella pathogenicity island 18 (spi-18), which includes two potential genes. one of these, hlye, encodes a hemolysin related to the escherichia coli k12 hlye hemolysin. pcr assays show that spi-18 is present in s. typhi and in many other, but not all, serovars of s. enterica subsp. enterica belonging to the sarb coll ...200818434098
molecular mechanism for establishment of signal-dependent regulation in the phop/phoq system.in this report, we demonstrate that h-ns is essential for establishing the mg(2+)-responsive transcriptional regulation of the phop regulon in salmonella. deletion of this regulatory gene abolished the transcriptional repression of phop-activated genes when bacteria were grown in high environmental mg(2+), thus stimulating expression of phop and other phop regulon genes. in the absence of h-ns, transcriptional activation was phop-dependent for those genes only activated by phop, but was phop-ind ...200818434315
hydrogen peroxide production by lactobacillus johnsonii ncc 533 and its role in anti-salmonella activity.the human intestinal isolate lactobacillus johnsonii ncc 533 (la1) is a probiotic strain with well-documented antimicrobial properties. previous research has identified the production of lactic acid and bacteriocins as important factors, but that other unidentified factors are also involved. we used the recently published genome sequence of l. johnsonii ncc 533 to search for novel antipathogen factors and identified three potential gene products that may catalyze the synthesis of the known antim ...200818435747
detection of salmonellae in different turtle species within a headwater spring ecosystem.sediments and water from the slough arm of spring lake, the headwaters of the san marcos river, texas, usa, as well as swabs from biofilms on carapaces and from the cloacae of 18 common musk turtles (sternotherus odoratus), 21 red-eared sliders (trachemys scripta elegans), nine texas river cooters (pseudemys texana), one snapping turtle (chelydra serpentina serpentina), and three guadalupe spiny soft-shell turtles (apalone spinifera guadalupensis), caught at the same site, were analyzed for salm ...200818436690
outbreak of multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serotype newport infections associated with consumption of unpasteurized mexican-style aged cheese--illinois, march 2006-april 2007.during march 2006-april 2007, an outbreak of salmonella enterica serotype newport infections occurred predominantly among hispanics in northeastern illinois. samples from 85 patients, one sample of mexican-style aged cheese (cotija) from a local hispanic grocery store (grocery store a), and milk from a bulk tank on a local dairy farm tested positive for s. newport and had indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) patterns. this report summarizes the investigation into s. newport ...200818437118
salmonella enterica requires apbc function for growth on tricarballylate: evidence of functional redundancy between apbc and iscu.mutants of salmonella enterica lacking apbc have nutritional and biochemical properties indicative of defects in [fe-s] cluster metabolism. here we show that apbc is required for s. enterica to use tricarballylate as a carbon and energy source. tricarballylate catabolism requires three gene products, tcua, tcub, and tcuc. of relevance to this work is the tcub protein, which has two [4fe-4s] clusters required for function, making it a logical target for the apbc effect. tcub activity was 100-fold ...200818441067
signal pathway in salt-activated expression of the salmonella pathogenicity island 1 type iii secretion system in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium secretes virulence factors for invasion called sip proteins or sips into its hosts through a type iii secretion system (t3ss). in the absence of a host, s. enterica induces sip secretion in response to sucrose or simple salts, such as nacl. we analyzed induction of host-independent sip secretion by monitoring protein secretion by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), assembly of needle complexes by electron microscopy, and t ...200818441068
trends in phage types and antimicrobial resistance of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis isolated from animals in great britain from 1990 to 2005.surveillance data for salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis incidents and isolations from food animals in great britain from 1990 to 2005 were analysed to detect any trends and provide the basis for a comparison between phage types (pt) and antimicrobial sensitivity patterns in human beings and animals. during 2001 to 2005 there was a decrease in incidents involving most species except ducks. only the numbers of incidents involving pts 6, 6a, 9b and 14b (in ducks) and pts 6a and 13a (in mammal ...200818441349
ramr mutations involved in efflux-mediated multidrug resistance in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.in the sequenced genome of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strain lt2, an open reading frame (stm0580) coding for a putative regulatory protein of the tetr family is found upstream of the rama gene. overexpression of rama results in increased expression of the acrab efflux pump and, consequently, multidrug resistance (mdr) in several bacterial species. the inactivation of the putative regulatory protein gene upstream of rama in a susceptible serovar typhimurium strain resulted in an mdr ...200818443112
sgi2, a relative of salmonella genomic island sgi1 with an independent origin.multiply antibiotic-resistant salmonella enterica serovar emek strains isolated in australia and the united kingdom had similar features, suggesting that they all belong to a single clone. these strains all contain sgi2 (formerly sgi1-j), an independently formed relative of salmonella genomic island sgi1. in sgi2, the complex class 1 integron which includes all of the resistance genes is not located between tnpr (s027) and s044 as in sgi1 and sgi1 variants. instead, tnpr was found to be adjacent ...200818443113
epidemics of invasive salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis and s. enterica serovar typhimurium infection associated with multidrug resistance among adults and children in malawi.nontyphoidal salmonellae (nts) have become the most common cause of bacteremia in tropical africa, particularly among susceptible children and hiv-infected adults.200818444810
survival of selected pathogens in diluted sludge of a thermophilic waste treatment plant and in nacl-solution under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.decimal reduction times (drt or d-value) of campylobacter jejuni, salmonella enterica (formerly salmonella choleraesuis) serovar senftenberg, escherichia coli, and listeria monocytogenes were determined in two different matrices, diluted fermenter sludge (dfs) and 0.95% nacl-solution (nacl) at 50 degrees c, both under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. depending on aeration, matrix composition, and the respective organism, the d-values varied between 10min and more than 15h. generally the viabili ...200918445518
secondary chromosomal attachment site and tandem integration of the mobilizable salmonella genomic island 1.the salmonella genomic island 1 is an integrative mobilizable element (ime) originally identified in epidemic multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) dt104. sgi1 contains a complex integron, which confers various multidrug resistance phenotypes due to its genetic plasticity. previous studies have shown that sgi1 integrates site-specifically into the s. enterica, escherichia coli, or proteus mirabilis chromosome at the 3' end of thdf gene (attb site).200818446190
instability of the salmonella rcscdb signalling system in the absence of the attenuator igaa.igaa is a salmonella enterica membrane protein that attenuates the response of the rcscdb signalling system to envelope stress. this protein is essential unless the rcscdb system is inactivated, suggesting that igaa may constantly adjust the magnitude of the response. such a functional link is also supported by the concurrence of the igaa and rcsd-rcsb-rcsc loci in genomes of enteric bacteria and the selection of spontaneous mutations in the rcscdb system following igaa deprivation. however, the ...200818451046
salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium typing by prophage-specific pcr.recent data from microarray analysis have shown that integrated prophages are the most frequent sources of genomic variation between different strains of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium). this led us to hypothesize that pcr detection of the integrated prophages might be an efficient typing tool that could be used as an alternative to pfge. in this study, we optimized four triplex pcrs specific for 12 target sequences of mostly prophage origin, and tested them in 102 field ...200818451047
structural characterization of a human-type corrinoid adenosyltransferase confirms that coenzyme b12 is synthesized through a four-coordinate intermediate.atp:cob(i)alamin adenosyltransferases (acas) catalyze the transfer of the 5'-deoxyadenosyl moiety from atp to the upper axial ligand position of cobalamin in the synthesis of coenzyme b 12. for the aca-catalyzed reaction to proceed, cob(ii)alamin must be reduced to cob(i)alamin in the enzyme active site. this reduction is facilitated through the generation of a four-coordinate cob(ii)alamin intermediate on the enzyme. we have determined the high-resolution crystal structure of a human-type aca f ...200818452306
characterization of tem-, shv- and ampc-type beta-lactamases from cephalosporin-resistant enterobacteriaceae isolated from swine.extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) and ampc-producing enterobacteriaceae are an increasing problem in human medicine and an emerging problem in the veterinary field. our study, therefore, focused on assessing the prevalence of beta-lactamases isolated from swine. sixty-six salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium), 33 salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis), 26 klebsiella pneumonia (k. pneumoniae) and 130 escherichia coli (e. coli) pig isolates collected from ...200818455821
acid pre-adaptation enhances virulence of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dam mutant.it is well established that success or failure of bacterial pathogens during infection relies upon its ability to overcome many lethal environments in the host such as acidity, osmolarity and bile salts. in the present study, we have studied the effects of acid adaptation on the virulence of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dam mutant. our results indicated that ld(50) of adapted strains were lower than those of control strains. also, the in vivo assays have shown that the development of ...200918456425
effect of growth temperature on crl-dependent regulation of sigmas activity in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.the small regulatory protein crl favors association of the stationary-phase sigma factor sigma(s) (rpos) with the core enzyme polymerase and thereby increases sigma(s) activity. crl has a major physiological impact at low levels of sigma(s). here, we report that the crl effects on sigma(s)-dependent gene expression, the h(2)o(2) resistance of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, and the resistance of this organism to acidic ph are greater at 28 degrees c than at 37 degrees c. immunoblot expe ...200818456810
analysis of type ii secretion of recombinant pneumococcal pspa and pspc in a salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium vaccine with regulated delayed antigen synthesis.recombinant attenuated salmonella vaccines (rasvs) have been used extensively to express and deliver heterologous antigens to host mucosal tissues. immune responses can be enhanced greatly when the antigen is secreted to the periplasm or extracellular compartment. the most common method for accomplishing this is by fusion of the antigen to a secretion signal sequence. finding an optimal signal sequence is typically done empirically. to facilitate this process, we constructed a series of plasmid ...200818458067
alcohol extracts of echinacea inhibit production of nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha by macrophages in vitro.it has been suggested that echinacea has anti-inflammatory activity in vivo. nitric oxide (no), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha), and interleukin-1beta are important mediators in the inflammatory response. the effect of alcohol extracts of e. angustifolia (ea), e. pallida (epa) and e. purpurea (ep) on the production of these inflammatory mediators in both lps-stimulated raw 264.7 macrophages in vitro and murine peritoneal exudate cells (pecs) in vivo were investigated. as macrophages prod ...200718458735
effect of a selected lactobacillus spp.-based probiotic on salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis-infected broiler chicks.the effect of a lactobacillus spp.-based probiotic (fm-b11) on salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (se) recovery was evaluated in liquid (expt. 1) and lyophilized (expt. 2) forms in two separate experiments with two trials each. for each trial, 80 broiler chicks were randomly allocated into two treatments: control and probiotic culture. all chicks were challenged with se (approximately 10(4) colony-forming units [cfu]) upon arrival at our laboratory. in both experiments, probiotic culture wa ...200818459312
survival of bacterial pathogens during the thermophilic anaerobic digestion of biowaste: laboratory experiments and in situ validation.anaerobic digestion is continually gaining importance for the processing of the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes. although methods for studying the survival of pathogen exist, these methods often need adaptations, are expensive, time consuming or generally not well suited for the harsh conditions within an anaerobic digestion system. in the present study we investigated the applicability of commercially available, mechanically stable and inexpensive pathogen carriers to validate in sit ...200818460419
evaluation of nonpathogenic surrogate bacteria as process validation indicators for salmonella enterica for selected antimicrobial treatments, cold storage, and fermentation in meat.prerigor lean and adipose beef carcass tissues were artificially inoculated individually with stationary-phase cultures of five nonpathogenic escherichia coli cultures that had been previously identified as surrogates for e. coli o157:h7 or a mixture of five salmonella strains in a fecal inoculum. each tissue sample was processed with microbial interventions comparable with those used in the meat industry. the log reductions of the e. coli isolates were generally not statistically different from ...200818468024
high pressures in combination with antimicrobials to reduce escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella agona in apple juice and orange juice.the effect of high pressure processing in conjunction with the chemical antimicrobials, dimethyl dicarbonate (dmdc), hydrogen peroxide, cinnamic acid, potassium sorbate, and sodium benzoate (nab) on e. coli o157:h7 strain e009 and salmonella enterica serovar agona was investigated in apple juice and orange juice, respectively. juices were inoculated with approximately 10(6) cfu/ml and subjected to pressures of 550 mpa (e. coli o157:h7 samples) and 400 mpa (salmonella agona samples) for 2 min at ...200818468040
water pressure effectively reduces salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis on the surface of raw almonds.the effects of continuous high hydrostatic water pressure treatments (414 and 483 mpa with a holding time of 6 min) on the viability of two strains of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (pt 9c and pt 30) inoculated onto raw almonds were evaluated at 25 degrees c. the concentrations of both salmonella enteritidis isolates were reduced to undetectable levels when the almonds were directly suspended in water, pressurized at 414 mpa and 25 degrees c for 6 min, and then dried at 115 degrees c fo ...200818468041
fliz is a posttranslational activator of flhd4c2-dependent flagellar gene expression.flagellar assembly proceeds in a sequential manner, beginning at the base and concluding with the filament. a critical aspect of assembly is that gene expression is coupled to assembly. when cells transition from a nonflagellated to a flagellated state, gene expression is sequential, reflecting the manner in which the flagellum is made. a key mechanism for establishing this temporal hierarchy is the sigma(28)-flgm checkpoint, which couples the expression of late flagellar (p(class3)) genes to th ...200818469103
surveillance of antimicrobial resistance of salmonella enterica serotype typhi in seven asian countries.two hundred and four salmonella enterica serotype typhi (s. typhi) isolates were collected from seven asian countries during 2002-2004. multidrug-resistant s. typhi (resistant to > or = 3 antibiotics) was detected in 84 (41.2%) isolates and 142 (69.6%) showed reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (minimum inhibitory concentration=0.125-1.0 mg/l). this study highlights the worsening situation of antimicrobial resistance of s. typhi in asia.200918474127
presence of wild-type and attenuated salmonella enterica strains in brain tissues following inoculation of mice by different routes.salmonella enterica serovar typhi and typhimurium vaccine candidates elicit significant immune responses in mice by intranasal (i.n.) immunization. because of the proximity of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone, we were concerned that salmonella bacteria delivered i.n. might access the brain. accordingly, wild-type and attenuated (by single and double mutations) strains of s. enterica serovars typhimurium and typhi were recovered at low numbers initially from the olfactory lobe and then fr ...200818474649
telomere attrition due to infection.telomeres--the terminal caps of chromosomes--become shorter as individuals age, and there is much interest in determining what causes telomere attrition since this process may play a role in biological aging. the leading hypothesis is that telomere attrition is due to inflammation, exposure to infectious agents, and other types of oxidative stress, which damage telomeres and impair their repair mechanisms. several lines of evidence support this hypothesis, including observational findings that p ...200818478110
review of induced molting by feed removal and contamination of eggs with salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis.as laying hens age, egg production and quality decreases. egg producers can impose an induced molt on older hens that results in increased egg productivity and decreased hen mortality compared with non-molted hens of the same age. this review discusses the effect of induced molting by feed removal on immune parameters, salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (se) invasion and subsequent production of se-contaminated eggs. experimental oral infections with se show molted hens are more susceptible ...200818479846
multistate outbreak of human salmonella infections caused by contaminated dry dog food--united states, 2006-2007.during january 1, 2006-december 31, 2007, cdc collaborated with public health officials in pennsylvania, other states, and the food and drug administration (fda) to investigate a prolonged multistate outbreak of salmonella enterica serotype schwarzengrund infections in humans. a total of 70 cases of s. schwarzengrund infection with the outbreak strain (xbai pulsed-field gel electrophoresis [pfge] pattern jm6x01.0015) were identified in 19 states, mostly in the northeastern united states. this re ...200818480745
molecular fingerprinting of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica typhimurium and salmonella enterica subsp. enterica derby isolated from tropical seafood in south india.salmonella enterica subsp. enterica typhimurium and salmonella enterica subsp. enterica derby strains isolated from different seafood were genotyped by pcr-ribotyping and eric-pcr assays. this study has ascertained the genetic relatedness among serovars prevalent in tropical seafood. pcr-ribotyping exhibited genetic variation in both salmonella serovars, and ribotype profile (ii) was most predominant, which was observed in 10/18 of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica typhimurium and 7/17 salmone ...200818480975
investigation of four (99m)tc-labeled bacteriophages for infection-specific imaging.this study investigated radiolabeled bacteriophages for specific detection of infection through gamma imaging. previously, a (99m)tc-labeled m13 phage demonstrated specific binding for its host escherichia coli in vitro and in mice through imaging.200818482680
evaluation of combined antibiotic and competitive exclusion treatment in broiler breeder flocks infected with salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis.strategic medication in breeding flocks of domestic fowl (gallus gallus), using antimicrobial treatment followed by competitive exclusion, was evaluated in 13 trials between february and september 1993. in each trial, the flock had been confirmed as naturally infected with salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis and the effect of treatment was determined on salmonella isolation from tissues. of 11 trials where enrofloxacin was used, a long-term reduction of salmonella was observed in two and a s ...199718483892
hatchery-borne salmonella enterica serovar tennessee infections in broilers.a substantial increase in the prevalence of 5. enterica serovar tennessee was observed in broiler flocks in denmark at the turn of the year 1994 and in the following months. epidemiological data indicated that a single hatchery was involved in spreading of the infection. molecular characterization of s.enterica serovar tennessee isolates from danish broilers (1992 to 1995), the suspected hatchery and strains from various other sources included for comparison was initiated in order to trace the s ...199718483898
the membrane-bound transcriptional regulator cadc is activated by proteolytic cleavage in response to acid stress.proteolytic processes often participate in signal transduction across bacterial membranes. in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, the transcriptional regulator cadc activates genes of lysine decarboxylase system in response to external acidification and exogenous lysine. however, the signaling mechanism of cadc activation remains unexplored. we report here that cadc is located on the inner membrane under normal growth conditions but rapidly cleaved under acid stress conditions, leading to t ...200818487329
mgta expression is induced by rob overexpression and mediates a salmonella enterica resistance phenotype.rob is a member of the sox/mar subfamily of arac/xyls-type transcriptional regulators implicated in bacterial multidrug, heavy metal, superoxide, and organic solvent resistance phenotypes. we demonstrate that, in salmonella enterica, rob overexpression upregulates the transcription of mgta, which codes for the mgta mg2+ transporter. mgta was previously characterized as a member of the mg2+-modulated phopq regulon. here we demonstrate that rob (but not its paralog protein soxs or mara) is able to ...200818487336
synergistic effect between different milk-derived peptides and proteins.antimicrobial peptides derived from food proteins constitute a new field in the combined use of antimicrobial agents in food. the best examples of milk-derived peptides are those constituted by bovine lactoferricin [lactoferrin f(17-41)] (lfcin-b) and bovine alpha(s2)-casein f(183-207). the aim of this work was to study if the antimicrobial activity of a natural compound employed in food preservation, nisin, could be enhanced by combination with the aforementioned milk-derived peptides. furtherm ...200818487640
probing structure-activity relationships in bactericidal peptide betapep-25.cationic peptides, known to disrupt bacterial membranes, are being developed as promising agents for therapeutic intervention against infectious disease. in the present study, we investigate structure-activity relationships in the bacterial membrane disruptor betapep-25, a peptide 33-mer. for insight into which amino acid residues are functionally important, we synthesized alanine-scanning variants of betapep-25 and assessed their ability to kill bacteria (escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginos ...200818489259
differentiation of salmonella typhimurium from salmonella enteritidis and other salmonella serotypes using random amplified polymorphic dna analysis.salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serovar typhimurium and salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serovar enteritidis are the major dominating serotypes of salmonella in poultry and poultry products. infection by salmonella typhimurium is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in poultry. rapid differentiation of salmonella typhimurium from other salmonella serotypes including salmonella enteritidis can be very crutial for public health and for epidemiologists and for the poultry industry. ten ...200818492993
a multi-center randomised controlled trial of gatifloxacin versus azithromycin for the treatment of uncomplicated typhoid fever in children and adults in vietnam.drug resistant typhoid fever is a major clinical problem globally. many of the first line antibiotics, including the older generation fluoroquinolones, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin, are failing.200818493312
the yersinia high pathogenicity island is present in salmonella enterica subspecies i isolated from turkeys.the yersinia high pathogenicity island (hpi) encodes a yersiniabactin-mediated iron acquisition system present in highly pathogenic strains of yersinia and several members of the enterobacteriaceae. in this study, 420 salmonellae representing multiple serovars recovered from diverse hosts were investigated for the presence of the hpi. the isolates were initially screened via pcr with primers specific for irp2, a conserved gene involved in yersiniabactin biosynthesis. seventeen isolates produced ...200818495411
plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance due to qnrb5 and qnrs1 genes in salmonella enterica serovars newport, hadar and saintpaul isolated from turkey meat in denmark. 200818495652
attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lacking the znuabc transporter confers immune-based protection against challenge infections in mice.salmonella enterica has long been recognised as an important zoonotic pathogen of economic significance, both in animals and humans. we have recently shown that inactivation of the znuabc high affinity zinc transporter significantly affects the pathogenicity of s. enterica, likely due to zinc shortage in the eukaryotic tissues. here, we demonstrate that a s. enterica serovar typhimurium znuabc deleted strain is able to induce a short lasting infection in mice. on the same time, it primes a cell- ...200818499306
[plasmid profile analysis in identification of epidemic strains of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis].as illness caused by sallmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis) occurs not only as sporadic cases but as outbreaks, to reveal the source and routes of spreading of infection it is necessary to identify epidemic strain by the use of some typing methods. to determine whether plasmid profile analysis, as genotyping method, could be applied for the investigation of epidemic strains, isolates of s. enteritidis, recovered from patient's stools and food associated with outbreaks and thos ...200818499952
real-time pcrs and fingerprinting assays for the detection and characterization of salmonella genomic island-1 encoding multidrug resistance: application to 445 european isolates of salmonella, escherichia coli, shigella, and proteus.salmonella genomic island-1 (sgi-1) harbors a cluster of genes encoding multidrug resistance (mdr). sgi-1 is horizontally transmissible and is therefore of significant public health concern. this study presents two novel realtime pcrs detecting three sgi-1 protein-coding genes and a sgi-1 fingerprinting assay. these assays were applied to 445 european enterobacterial isolates. results from real-time pcrs were comparable to those obtained from gelbased pcrs used for the detection of sgi-1, but we ...200818500919
the production in vivo of microcin e492 with antibacterial activity depends on salmochelin and entf.microcin e492 is a channel-forming bacteriocin that is found in two forms, namely, a posttranslationally modified form obtained by the covalent linkage of salmochelin-like molecules to serine 84 and an unmodified form. the production of modified microcin e492 requires the synthesis of enterochelin, which is subsequently glycosylated by mcec and converted into salmochelin. mcec mutants produced inactive microcin e492, and this phenotype was reversed either by complementation with irob from salmon ...200818502859
a case of fatal acute pyogenic meningitis in a neonate caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing salmonella group b.salmonellosis constitutes an important public health problem throughout the world. in severe infections like meningitis and septicemia, antibiotic treatment is essential. extended-spectrum cephalosporins are preferentially used to treat salmonellosis in children. treatment failures due to in-vivo acquisition of an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) gene in nontyphoidal salmonellae are now well established. a 45-day-old male baby presented to the pediatric intensive care unit with a history ...200818503180
sorting nexin-1 defines an early phase of salmonella-containing vacuole-remodeling during salmonella infection.salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium replicate within host cells in a specialized membrane-bound compartment, the salmonella-containing vacuole (scv). interaction of scvs with the host endocytic network is modulated by bacterial effectors, some of which, such as sigd/sopb, manipulate the level of endosomal phosphoinositides. here, we establish that at early stages of salmonella infection, sorting nexin-1 (snx1) - a host phosphoinositide-binding protein that normally associates with early endo ...200818505799
distinct isoforms of phospholipase a2 mediate the ability of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium and shigella flexneri to induce the transepithelial migration of neutrophils.salmonella spp. and shigella spp. are responsible for millions of cases of enteric disease each year worldwide. while these pathogens have evolved distinct strategies for interacting with the human intestinal epithelium, they both induce significant proinflammatory responses that result in massive transepithelial migration of neutrophils across the intestinal mucosa. it has previously been shown with salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium that the process of neutrophil transmigration is mediat ...200818505810
ceftriaxone-resistant salmonella enterica serotype newport, france.the multidrug-resistant (mdr) salmonella enterica serotype newport strain that produces cmy-2 beta-lactamase (newport mdr-ampc) was the source of sporadic cases and outbreaks in humans in france during 2000-2005. because this strain was not detected in food animals, it was most likely introduced into france through imported food products.200818507913
the dark side of the salad: salmonella typhimurium overcomes the innate immune response of arabidopsis thaliana and shows an endopathogenic lifestyle.salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium contaminated vegetables and fruits are considerable sources of human infections. bacteria present in raw plant-derived nutrients cause salmonellosis, the world wide most spread food poisoning. this facultative endopathogen enters and replicates in host cells and actively suppresses host immune responses. although salmonella survives on plants, the underlying bacterial infection mechanisms are only poorly understood. in this report we investigated the possi ...200818509467
multi-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis for outbreak studies of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis.salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype enteritidis is known as an important and pathogenic clonal group which continues to cause worldwide sporadic cases and outbreaks in humans. here a new multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (mlva) method is reported for highly-discriminative subtyping of salmonella enteritidis. emphasis was given on the most predominant phage types pt4 and pt8. the method comprises multiplex pcr specifically amplifying repeated sequences from nine diffe ...200818513386
characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in salmonella spp. at a tertiary hospital in durban, south africa.extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) were characterized in 41 salmonella spp. isolates from patients admitted to a pediatric ward of a tertiary hospital in durban, south africa. the most common (17/ 41) serotype was salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium, followed by s. enterica serotype isangi (16/41), s. enterica serotype saint-paul (2/41), s. enterica serotype kissi (2/41), s. enterica serotype kivu (2/41), and s. enterica serotype reading (1/41). all isolates were resistant to ampicil ...200818513912
a laboratory study of survival of selected microorganisms after heat treatment of biowaste used in biogas plants.the aim of the study was to assess the effect of pasteurisation, as set by the european regulation ec 1774/2002, on selected pathogens and indicator organisms. unpasteurised substrate (biowaste), including animal by-products from a full-scale biogas plant was heat treated under laboratory conditions at 70 degrees c and 55 degrees c for 30 min and 60 min. heat treatment at 55 degrees c for 60 min was not sufficient to achieve a hygienically acceptable product. heat treatment at 70 degrees c for 3 ...200818513960
esterase autodisplay: enzyme engineering and whole-cell activity determination in microplates with ph sensors.among the gdsl family of serine esterases/lipases is a group of bacterial enzymes that posses c-terminal extensions involved in outer membrane anchoring or translocation. apee from salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, a member of this group, has been expressed in escherichia coli and was resistant to protease digestion when the protease was added to whole cells, indicating a periplasmic localization. the five consensus blocks conserved within all gdsl esterases were identified in apee by mul ...200818515492
copper and quaternary ammonium cations exert synergistic bactericidal and antibiofilm activity against pseudomonas aeruginosa.biofilms are slimy aggregates of microbes that are likely responsible for many chronic infections as well as for contamination of clinical and industrial environments. pseudomonas aeruginosa is a prevalent hospital pathogen that is well known for its ability to form biofilms that are recalcitrant to many different antimicrobial treatments. we have devised a high-throughput method for testing combinations of antimicrobials for synergistic activity against biofilms, including those formed by p. ae ...200818519726
mechanism and fitness costs of pr-39 resistance in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lt2.pr-39 is a porcine antimicrobial peptide that kills bacteria with a mechanism that does not involve cell lysis. here, we demonstrate that salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium can rapidly acquire mutations that reduce susceptibility to pr-39. resistant mutants appeared at a rate of 0.4 x 10(-6) per cell per generation. these mutants were about four times more resistant than the wild type and showed a greatly reduced rate of killing. genetic analysis revealed mutations in the putative transport ...200818519732
reduction of salmonella enteritidis population sizes on almond kernels with infrared heat.catalytic infrared (ir) heating was investigated to determine its effect on salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis population sizes on raw almond kernels. using a double-sided catalytic ir heating system, a radiation intensity of 5,458 w/m2 caused a fast temperature increase at the kernel surface and minimal temperature differences between the top and bottom kernel surfaces. exposure of dry kernels to ir heat for 30, 35 and 45 s resulted in maximum kernel surface temperatures of 90, 102, and 11 ...200818522020
salmonella serovar identification using pcr-based detection of gene presence and absence.there are more than 2,500 known salmonella serovars, and some of these can be further subclassified into groups of strains that differ profoundly in their gene content. we refer to these groups of strains as "genovars." a compilation of comparative genomic hybridization data on 291 salmonella isolates, including 250 s. enterica subspecies i strains from 32 serovars (52 genovars), was used to select a panel of 384 genes whose presence and absence among serovars and genovars was of potential taxon ...200818524964
food-borne outbreak caused by salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis in bari, italy.this paper presents data from an epidemiologic investigation of an outbreak of gastroenteritis that occurred in bari, southern italy, in june 2005. the source of the outbreak was traced to consumption of rice "arancini" (a typical italian food prepared with rice, mozzarella cheese, eggs and bread crumbs), prepared in a traditional bakery in town. salmonella enteritidis strains were isolated from affected patients, bakery personnel and food items. isolates were analysed by using traditional micro ...200618536762
genetic characterization of clinical and agri-food isolates of multi drug resistant salmonella enterica serovar heidelberg from canada.salmonella enterica serovar heidelberg ranks amongst the most prevalent causes of human salmonellosis in canada and an increase in resistance to extended spectrum cephalosporins (esc) has been observed by the canadian integrated program for antimicrobial resistance surveillance. this study examined the genetic relationship between s. heidelberg isolates from livestock, abattoir, retail meat, and clinical human specimens to determine whether there was a link between the emergence of mdr s. heidel ...200818538029
sel, a selective enrichment broth for simultaneous growth of salmonella enterica, escherichia coli o157:h7, and listeria monocytogenes.multipathogen detection on a single-assay platform not only reduces the cost for testing but also provides data on the presence of pathogens in a single experiment. to achieve this detection, a multipathogen selective enrichment medium is essential to allow the concurrent growth of pathogens. sel broth was formulated to allow the simultaneous growth of salmonella enterica, escherichia coli o157:h7, and listeria monocytogenes. the results were compared to those obtained with the respective indivi ...200818539786
attachment of ampicillin to expanded poly(tetrafluoroethylene): surface reactions leading to inhibition of microbial growth.the broad spectrum antibiotic, ampicillin (am), was reacted to expanded poly (tetrafluoroethylene) (eptfe) surfaces and resulted in the formation of antimicrobial surfaces effective against gram-positive, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus thuringiensis, and enterococcus faecalis, and gram-negative, escherichia coli, pseudomonas putida, and salmonella enterica bacteria. these eptfe surface modifications were accomplished by utilization of microwave maleic anhydride (ma) plasma reactions leading to ...200818540673
identification of cognate host targets and specific ubiquitylation sites on the salmonella spi-1 effector sopb/sigd.salmonella enterica is a bacterial pathogen responsible for enteritis and typhoid fever. virulence is linked to two salmonella pathogenicity islands (spi-1 and spi-2) on the bacterial chromosome, each of which encodes a type iii secretion system. while both the spi-1 and spi-2 systems secrete an array of effectors into the host, relatively few host proteins have been identified as targets for their effects. here we use stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (silac) and quantita ...200818541478
specific roles of the irobcden genes in virulence of an avian pathogenic escherichia coli o78 strain and in production of salmochelins.avian pathogenic escherichia coli (apec) strains are a subset of extraintestinal pathogenic e. coli (expec) strains associated with respiratory infections and septicemia in poultry. the irobcden genes encode the salmochelin siderophore system present in salmonella enterica and some expec strains. roles of the iro genes for virulence in chickens and production of salmochelins were assessed by introducing plasmids carrying different combinations of iro genes into an attenuated salmochelin- and aer ...200818541653
phage types and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis isolated from humans and chickens.we analyzed 66 salmonella enteritidis isolates in 2002. thirty isolates were obtained from human patients with diarrhea, and 36 were obtained from chickens. a total of ten phage types (pt) were identified in the human and chicken isolates. pt1 and pt21 were the predominant pts in both the human (20% and 13%) and chicken (17% and 47%) isolates. twelve pulsotypes were generated by pfge and divided into two major groups. most of the pfge types were categorized into cluster group 1. eighteen chicken ...200818545971
natural and experimental salmonella typhimurium infections in foxes (vulpes vulpes).the red fox (vulpes vulpes) can be considered as a relevant indicator species for salmonella in the local environment and salmonella faecal carriage was investigated in 215 red foxes in norway shot during the winters 2002/2003 and 2003/2004. fourteen (6.5%) of the foxes carried salmonella. four isolates were determined as serovars kottbus (n=2) and hessarek (n=2) of salmonella enterica subspecies enterica, and one as s. enterica subspecies iiib:61:k:1,5,(7). the remaining nine isolates were s. e ...200818547749
analysis of salmonella agona and salmonella weltevreden in malaysia by pcr fingerprinting and antibiotic resistance profiling.forty-eight strains of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar agona and 33 strains of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar weltevreden were characterized by random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) fingerprinting using 3 different arbitrary primer, enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (eric-pcr) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. by using rapd, 81 strains (44 strains of s. agona and 33 strains of s. weltevreden) can be clustered into 14 grou ...200818548329
enrichment-elisa for detection of salmonella typhi from food and water samples.development of monoclonal antibody based sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (selisa) for rapid detection of salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi) from food and water samples and optimization of enrichment procedures for use with the developed selisa to increase the detection sensitivity of the assay.200818548853
extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase production in a salmonella enterica serotype typhi strain from the philippines.a salmonella enterica serotype typhi strain was cultured from blood and fecal samples from a 54-year-old man with fever and diarrhea. he had returned from travel to the philippines a few days earlier. phenotypic and genotypic analysis confirmed the production of the shv-12 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase.200818550740
microarray for molecular typing of salmonella enterica serovars.we describe the development of a spotted array for the delineation of the most common 14 disease-causing salmonella serovars in the united states. our array consists of 414 70 mers targeting core genes of salmonella enterica, subspecies i specific genes, fimbrial genes, pathogenicity islands, gifsy elements and other variable genes. using this array we were able to identify a unique gene presence/absence profile for each of the targeted serovar which was used as the serovar differentiating crite ...200818554865
iron regulated genes of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in response to norepinephrine and the requirement of fepdgc for norepinephrine-enhanced growth.catecholamines may stimulate enteric bacteria including the foodborne pathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (salmonella typhimurium) by two mechanisms in vivo: as a quorum sensing signal and a supplier of iron. to identify genes of salmonella typhimurium that respond to norepinephrine, transposon mutagenesis and dna microarray analysis were performed. insertional mutations in the following genes decreased norepinephrine-enhanced growth: degs, ente, entf, fes, gpma, hfq, stm3846. dna m ...200818554972
disease threats to the endangered iberian lynx (lynx pardinus).the iberian lynx, (lynx pardinus), is the most endangered felid in the world. to determine whether sympatric carnivores are reservoirs of pathogens posing a disease risk for the lynx, evidence of exposure to 17 viral, bacterial and protozoan agents was investigated in 176 carnivores comprising 26 free-living lynx, 53 domestic cats, 28 dogs, 33 red foxes (vulpes vulpes), 24 egyptian mongooses (herpestes ichneumon), 10 common genets (genetta genetta) and 2 eurasian badgers (meles meles) in the are ...200918555712
[mycotic aneurysm of the abdominal aortic due to salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis: a case report].bacteraemia due to non typhi salmonella is frequent in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv infected patients). focal vascular complications especially in patients with artheriosclerosis are rarely reported. we report the case of patient who presented a mycotic aneurysm of the abdominal aortic due to salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis. despite the chirurgical treatment associated with antibiotherapy, the patient evolution was fatal.200818558571
a multi-state outbreak of salmonella saintpaul in australia associated with cantaloupe consumption.a multi-state outbreak of salmonella enterica serovar saintpaul infection occurred in australia during october 2006. a case-control study conducted in three affected jurisdictions, new south wales, victoria and australian capital territory, included 36 cases with the outbreak-specific strain of s. saintpaul identified by multiple locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (mlva) in a faecal specimen and 106 controls. consumption of cantaloupe (rockmelon) was strongly associated with illness (a ...200918559128
salmonella promoters preferentially activated inside tumors.salmonella enterica and avirulent derivatives prefer solid tumors over normal tissue in animal models. the identification of endogenous salmonella promoters that are preferentially activated in tumors could further our understanding of this phenomenon. toward this goal, a random library of s. enterica typhimurium 14028 genomic dna was cloned upstream of a promoterless gene encoding the green fluorescent protein (gfp) turbogfp. a population of salmonella containing this library was injected i.v. ...200818559530
mutations influencing expression of the salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis pathogenicity island i key regulator hila.invasion in gut epithelial cells, mediated by genes of the salmonella pathogenicity island i, is a crucial step in the pathogenesis of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis infections. the most important regulator of the invasive process is the hila gene. in this study, a transposon bank approach was used to identify dna sequences affecting expression of hila. mutants with decreased hila expression carried mutations in known virulence gene regulators (fliz, hild, sira), genes encoding ion tran ...200818563621
characterization of class 1 integrons with unusual 3' conserved region from salmonella enterica isolates.the unusual 3' conserved sequence region of class 1 integrons was characterized in seven salmonella isolates from swine and poultry. three types of gene cassette arrays, aada2-cmla1-aada1, sat-psp-aada2-cm1a1-aada1 and drfa12-orf-aada2-cmla1-aada1, were found to be linked to a genetic organization qach-is440-sul3. all class 1 integrons were located on a conjugative plasmid that could be transferred to escherichia coli. the results support the notion that the use of an antibiotic can select for r ...200818564680
the epidemiological relationship between salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and salmonella enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:- isolates from humans and swine in thailand.a total of 138 isolates of s. typhimurium and s. 4,[5],12:i:- from humans and swine in thailand during 2003-2006, were evaluated for antimicrobial sensitivity by the disk diffusion method against 10 antimicrobial drugs and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) with endonuclease xbal to investigate the epidemiological relationship among isolates. it was found that all isolates were classified into 27 antimicrobial resistance patterns, and 80% of s. typhimurium and 95.4% of s. 4,[5],12:i:- isola ...200818564715
extended phage locus typing of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, using multiplex pcr-based reverse line blot hybridization.salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) is the commonest pathogen causing food-borne disease among humans and animals in australia. a multiplex pcr-based reverse line blot (mpcr/rlb) system was developed to rapidly identify s. typhimurium phage types and strains within them. the system comprised 32 biotin-labelled primer sets and 38 amino-labelled probes, based on sequences that were either phage-type-related or derived from temperate phages st64b, p22, gifsy-1 or gifsy-2. the s ...200818566140
emergence of ctx-m-15 type extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing salmonella spp. in kuwait and the united arab emirates.cephalosporins are major antimicrobials used to treat serious salmonella infections. however, their effectiveness is being compromised by the emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls). the genetic determinants encoding esbl in salmonella spp. isolated from patients in kuwait and united arab emirates (uae) were studied over a 2 year period. out of a total of 407 isolates, 116 isolates possessed the resistance phenotypes consistent with possible esbl production. of these, 69 (59.5 %) ...200818566147
extracellular loops of lipid a 3-o-deacylase pagl are involved in recognition of aminoarabinose-based membrane modifications in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium modifies its lipopolysaccharide (lps), including the lipid a portion, in response to changes in its environment including host tissues. the lipid a 3-o-deacylase pagl, the expression of which is promoted under a host-mimetic environment, exhibits latency in s. enterica; deacylation of lipid a is not usually observed in vivo, despite the expression of the outer membrane protein pagl. in contrast, pagl does not exhibit latency in s. enterica pmra and pmre mu ...200818567660
individual and combined effects of ochratoxin a and salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum infection on pathological changes in broiler chickens.a study was conducted to evaluate the individual and combined effects of ochratoxin a (oa) and salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum (s. gallinarum) on gross and histopathological changes in broiler chickens. one hundred and seventy-six 1-day-old broiler chicks were divided into two groups of 88 chicks each; one group was fed a control mash diet, and the other group was fed a mash diet containing 2 parts/10(6) oa. on day 14, each group was further subdivided into two groups, with one group inoc ...200818568652
antibacterial terpenes from the oleo-resin of commiphora molmol (engl.).two octanordammaranes, mansumbinone (1) and 3,4-seco-mansumbinoic acid (2), and two sesquiterpenes, beta-elemene (3) and t-cadinol (4) have been isolated from the oleo-resin of commiphora molmol (engl.). the structures of these compounds were established unambiguously by a series of 1d and 2d-nmr analyses. we have also unambiguously assigned all (1)h and (13)c nmr resonances for 2 and revised its (13)c data. the crude extract of the oleo-resin of c. molmol displayed potentiation of ciprofloxacin ...200818570217
class 1 integrons in multidrug-resistant non-typhoidal salmonella enterica isolated in spain between 2002 and 2004.in this study, 119 multidrug-resistant isolates of non-typhoidal salmonella enterica serovars collected in spain (2002-2004) were screened for integrons. among the isolates, 73.1% contained class 1 integrons, however classes 2 and 3 were not detected. integrons containing gene cassettes were found in s. enteritidis (16/32), s. typhimurium biphasic (18/32) and monophasic [4,5,12:i:-] (11/19), s. virchow (17/18) and s. brandenburg (8/8), but not in s. hadar (0/10). ten complete and four incomplete ...200818571383
molecular analysis of multiresistant porcine salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar bredeney isolates from southern brazil: identification of resistance genes, integrons and a group ii intron.the relationships of 83 porcine salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar bredeney isolates obtained at two slaughterhouses in southern brazil were analysed by xbai and blni macrorestriction analysis, plasmid profiling and determination of antimicrobial resistance patterns. twenty-nine xbai and 30 blni macrorestriction patterns were identified. the 72 plasmid-bearing isolates exhibited 20 different plasmid profiles. multiresistance was detected in 49 isolates (59%), of which 39 isolates showed ...200818571903
skim milk enhances the preservation of thawed -80 degrees c bacterial stocks.the results from bacterial strain recovery efforts following hurricanes katrina and rita are reported. over 90% of strains frozen in 10% skim milk were recovered whereas various recovery rates were observed for glycerol-stored stocks (56% and 94% of escherichia coli, depending upon the laboratory). these observations led to a viability comparison of streptococcus pyogenes, campylobacter jejuni, borrelia burgdorferi, salmonella enterica subsp. typhimurium, pseudomonas aeruginosa and e. coli strai ...200818573555
edible coatings for enhancing microbial safety and extending shelf life of hard-boiled eggs.hard-boiled eggs were coated with chitosan-lysozyme (cl), whey protein isolate (wpi), or bake sheen (bs), inoculated with listeria monocytogenes or salmonella enterica ser. enteritidis at 10(4) cfu/g, and stored for 4 wk at 10 degrees c. microbial populations were enumerated weekly. two nonchallenge studies were also conducted with hard-boiled eggs: coated shell-on eggs packaged in plastic containers or peeled eggs coated and vacuum-packaged. total plate counts (tpc), coliforms, yeasts, molds, w ...200818577005
combined physico-chemical treatments based on enterocin as-48 for inactivation of gram-negative bacteria in soybean sprouts.enterocin as-48 was tested for decontamination of soybean sprouts against gram-negative bacteria. although treatment with bacteriocin alone had no effect on salmonella enterica, a synergistic antimicrobial effect was detected at ph 9.0 and in combination with moderate heat treatment. greatest inactivation was achieved for sprouts heated for 5 min at 65 degrees c in an alkaline (ph 9.0) enterocin as-48 solution of 25 microg/ml. bactericidal activity against s. enterica increased greatly when ente ...200818577412
acrab multidrug efflux pump regulation in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium by rama in response to environmental signals.salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium has at least nine multidrug efflux pumps. among these pumps, acrab is effective in generating drug resistance and has wide substrate specificity. here we report that indole, bile, and an escherichia coli conditioned medium induced the acrab pump in salmonella through a specific regulator, rama. the rama-binding sites were located in the upstream regions of acrab and tolc. rama was required for indole induction of acrab. other regulators of acrab such as ma ...200818577510
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