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morphine affects the inflammatory response in carp by impairment of leukocyte migration.opioid peptides are evolutionary conserved and in teleost fish their specific receptor types have been identified not only on neuroendocrine cells but also on immunocytes. in the present work we have studied the effects of morphine, ligand for the mu3 opioid receptor, on innate immune responses of common carp. both in vitro and in vivo, during zymosan-induced peritonitis, morphine reduced gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and chemokine receptors. furthermore, in vitro morp ...200918760300
diagnostic coronary angiography in patients with peripheral arterial disease: a sub-study of the coronary artery revascularization prophylaxis trial.although patients in need of elective vascular surgery are often considered candidates for diagnostic coronary angiography, the safety of this invasive study has not been systematically studied in a large cohort of patients scheduled for an elective vascular operation. the goal of this sub-study of the coronary artery revascularization prophylaxis (carp) trial was to assess the safety of coronary angiography in patients with peripheral vascular disease.200818761563
suppression of sustained and transient on signals of amacrine cells by gaba is mediated by different receptor subtypes.intracellular recordings were made from amacrine cells in the isolated, superfused carp retina, and the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) on sustained and transient on signals of these cells were studied. exogenous gaba application partially suppressed the sustained response of on amacrine cells, which could be completely reversed by picrotoxin (ptx), a chloride channel blocker, and by bicuculline (bcc), a specific gaba(a) receptor antagonist. on the other hand, suppression by gaba of th ...199918763130
effects of bifenthrin on some haematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).the aim of this study was to assess the effect of bifenthrin on common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). the 96-h lc50 value of talstar ec 10 (active substance 100 g l(-1) bifenthrin) was found to be 57.5 microg l(-1). examination of haematological and biochemical profiles and histological tissue examination was performed on common carp after 96 h of exposure to talstar ec 10 (57.5 microg l(-1)). the experimental group showed significantly higher (p < 0.01) values of plasma glucose, ammonia, aspartate ...200918766454
[collation of data on the ploidy levels and mitochondrial dna phylogenetic lineages in the silver crucian carp carassius auratus gibelio from far eastern and central asian populations].the distribution of the diploid and triploid forms and the correspondence between ploidy and mitochondrial dna (mtdna) phylogenetic lineages of the silver crucian carp have been studied in far eastern water bodies and the syr darya river. both diploid and triploid forms have been found in large river systems (the amur, suifun, tumangan, and syr darya river basins). only the diploid form has been detected in lakes of bol'shoi pelis island (peter the great bay of the sea of japan), sakhalin island ...200818767549
annual reproductive phase-related profile of sex steroids and their carrier, shbg, in the indian major carp, labeo rohita.this study reports annual cyclic changes in the plasma levels of sex hormone binding globulin (shbg), sex steroids (e(2), estradiol; t, testosterone; p, progesterone) and protein (prt) in correlation with reproductive phases in both sexes of an indian major carp, labeo rohita. plasma shbg, e(2), t and prt levels in females and shbg and t levels in males showed steady increases (p<0.005) in parallel with the gonadosomatic index (gsi) escalation in the preparatory and prespawning phases attaining ...200818782576
meprins, membrane-bound and secreted astacin metalloproteinases.the astacins are a subfamily of the metzincin superfamily of metalloproteinases. the first to be characterized was the crayfish enzyme astacin. to date more than 200 members of this family have been identified in species ranging from bacteria to humans. astacins are involved in developmental morphogenesis, matrix assembly, tissue differentiation and digestion. family members include the procollagen c-proteinase (bmp1, bone morphogenetic protein 1), tolloid and mammalian tolloid-like, hmp (hydra ...200818783725
identification and expression analysis of an interferon stimulated gene 15 (isg15) from black rockfish, sebastes schlegeli.the interferon stimulated gene 15 (isg15) is strongly induced in many cell types by ifns, viral infection and double-stranded rna (poly i:c). the isg15 homolog cdna was isolated from the black rockfish poly i:c stimulated leukocyte cdna library. the black rockfish isg15 homolog was found to consist of 1070bp encoding 160 amino acid residues. compared with other known isg15 peptide sequences, the most conserved regions of the black rockfish isg15 peptide were found to be the tandem ubiquitin-like ...200818790062
detecting positively selected codons in the glycoprotein of spring viraemia of carp virus (svcv) isolates from the usa and china. 200818801064
evolution of the inflammatory response in vertebrates: fish tnf-alpha is a powerful activator of endothelial cells but hardly activates phagocytes.tnf-alpha is conserved in all vertebrate classes and has been identified in all taxonomic groups of teleost fish. however, its biological activities and its role in infection are largely unknown. using two complementary fish models, gilthead seabream and zebrafish, we report here that the main proinflammatory effects of fish tnf-alpha are mediated through the activation of endothelial cells. thus, tnf-alpha promotes the expression of e-selectin and different cc and cxc chemokines in endothelial ...200818802111
stress and innate immunity in carp: corticosteroid receptors and pro-inflammatory cytokines.the stress hormone cortisol is deeply involved in immune regulation in all vertebrates. common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) express four corticoid receptors that may modulate immune responses: three glucocorticoid receptors (gr); gr1, with two splice variants (gr1a and gr1b), gr2 and a single mineralocorticoid receptor (mr). all receptors are expressed as of 4 days post-fertilization and may thus play a critical role in development and functioning of the adult immune system. immune tissues and cell ...200818804866
usefulness of revascularization of patients with multivessel coronary artery disease before elective vascular surgery for abdominal aortic and peripheral occlusive disease.the coronary artery revascularization prophylaxis (carp) study showed no survival benefit with preoperative coronary artery revascularization before elective vascular surgery. the generalizability of the trial results to all patients with multivessel coronary artery disease (cad) has been questioned. the objective of this study was to determine the impact of prophylactic coronary revascularization on long-term survival in patients with multivessel cad. over a 4-year period, 1,048 patients underw ...200818805102
dna vaccine protects ornamental koi (cyprinus carpio koi) against north american spring viremia of carp virus.the emergence of spring viremia of carp virus (svcv) in the united states constitutes a potentially serious alien pathogen threat to susceptible fish stocks in north america. a dna vaccine with an svcv glycoprotein (g) gene from a north american isolate was constructed. in order to test the vaccine a challenge model utilizing a specific pathogen-free domestic koi stock and a cold water stress treatment was also developed. we have conducted four trial studies demonstrating that the psgnc dna vacc ...200818812203
comparative analysis of mitochondrial control region in polyploid hybrids of red crucian carp (carassius auratus) x blunt snout bream (megalobrama amblycephala).the entire sequences of the mitochondrial (mt)dna control region (cr) and portions of its flanking genes in the red crucian carp (rc) and blunt snout bream (bsb) as well as their polyploid hybrids (3nrb, 4nrb and 5nrb) were determined and subjected to a comparative analysis. the mtdna-crs of these five fish species ranged from 923 to 937 bp in length, they had the same flanking gene arrangement as other vertebrates and the pattern of nucleotide substitution bias was also similar to that in other ...201018815893
a survey on the faunal diversity of savar upazila, dhaka, bangladesh.a survey was conducted during january to december 2006 to assess the status of faunal diversity of savar upazila, dhaka, bangladesh. a total of 30 species of birds, 24 species of winter birds, 7 species of reptiles, 3 species of amphibians, 15 species of mammalians and 32 species of fishes were recorded. relative abundance of those species were determined. of the birds, house sparrow (passer domesticus) was abundant while blyth's kingfisher (alcedo hercules), rock eagle owl (bubo bengalensis), h ...200818817158
chinese herbs (astragalus radix and ganoderma lucidum) enhance immune response of carp, cyprinus carpio, and protection against aeromonas hydrophila.the effect of chinese herbs (astragalus radix and ganoderma lucidum) on immune response of carp was investigated. fish were fed diets containing astragalus (0.5%), ganoderma (0.5%) and combination of two herbs (astragalus 0.5% and ganoderma 0.5%) for 5 weeks. other groups of fish were vaccinated (i.p.) against aeromonas hydrophila/aeromonas salmonicida (shering plough, essex, u.k.) at the beginning of the experiment and fed the same diets as described above. control fish (negative control) and f ...200918817878
classical crosses of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) show co-segregation of antibody response with major histocompatibility class ii b genes.in cyprinids, two paralogous groups of major histocompatibility (mh) class ii b genes, dab1 and dab3, have been reported but have not been studied in detail. in our study on mh association with immune responsiveness in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) we have taken a long-term approach using divergent selection for antibody production. we report the co-segregation of cyca-dab1-like and cyca-dab3-like genes with antibody response, in backcrosses to high- and low-responsive parental carp lines. we ...200918817879
nmda modulation of gaba transporter current in carp retinal horizontal cells.in the present study, the modulatory effect of nmda on gaba transporter current was investigated on enzymatically isolated horizontal cells of carp retina. after application of nmda (0.1 mm) for 50 s, the gaba transporter current elicited by gaba (1 mm) was decreased to 78.07+/-3.10% (n=5) of the control level. when the extracellular ca(2+) was removed from the ringer's solution, the nmda inhibitory effect on the gaba transporter current was eliminated. the suppression effect could be attenuated ...200818822275
allelic discrimination, three-dimensional analysis and gene expression of multiple transferrin alleles of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).we cloned and sequenced four different transferrin (tf) alleles (c, d, f and g) of european common carp (cyprinus carpio carpio l.) and studied allelic diversity with respect to differences in sequence, constitutive transcription and three-dimensional structure. most of the disulfide bonds were conserved between human and carp tf, and modeling confirmed the overall conservation of the three-dimensional structure of carp tf. while the iron-binding sites in the c-lobe of carp tf were completely co ...200918824109
[mixture effects to vitellogenin induction by four environmental estrogens in freshwater fish].combined effects of estrogenic compounds to high risk life-form were demonstrated, and the study method on combined effects of environmental contaminant mixture and environmental risk assessment were also discussed. a nonlinear aggression was determined on the changes of plasma vitellogenin concentration in crucian carp via the environmental pollutant exposure concentration, and the concentration-response relationship was determined for the single chemical of estradiol, ethynylestradiol, bisphen ...200818828392
ompa is an adhesion factor of aeromonas veronii, an optimistic pathogen that habituates in carp intestinal tract.in the present study, we focused on one of the aeromonas veronii isolates that exhibited marked adhesion onto carp intestine and studied its membrane-associated proteins for their possible involvement in mucosal adhesion.200818828791
effects of antalarmin, a crf receptor 1 antagonist, on fright reaction and endocrine stress response in crucian carp (carassius carassius).the corticotrophin-releasing factor (crf) receptors show striking homogeneity throughout the vertebrate subphylum. in mammals, the crf(1) receptor (crfr(1)) plays an important role in mediating behavioral and endocrine responses to fear and stress. the specific roles of this receptor subtype in fear and stress reactions in non-mammalian vertebrates are largely unknown. crucian carp displays the olfactory-mediated fright reaction, a stereotypic behavioral response to waterborne cues from damaged ...200818830607
highly efficient retinal metabolism in cones.after bleaching of visual pigment in vertebrate photoreceptors, all-trans retinal is reduced to all-trans retinol by retinol dehydrogenases (rdhs). we investigated this reaction in purified carp rods and cones, and we found that the reducing activity toward all-trans retinal in the outer segment (os) of cones is >30 times higher than that of rods. the high activity of rdhs was attributed to high content of rdh8 in cones. in the inner segment (is) in both rods and cones, rdh8l2 and rdh13 were fou ...200818836074
in vitro search for alternative promoters to the human immediate early cytomegalovirus (ie-cmv) to express the g gene of viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) in fish epithelial cells.present dna vaccines against fish rhabdoviruses require intramuscular injection (fish-to-fish vaccination) of their g-protein gene under the control of the human immediate early cytomegalovirus (ie-cmv) promoter, while immersion delivery (mass dna vaccination), for instance, by using fish epithelial-specific promoters, would be more practical for aquaculture. to find fish epithelial-specific promoters alternative to the ie-cmv, a comparative study of the effectiveness of different fish promoters ...200818840493
immunohistochemical localization of constitutive and inducible heat shock protein 70 in carp (cyprinus carpio) and trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to transport stress.in the present work we investigated by immunohistochemistry the cellular localization of constitutive as well as inducible heat shock protein 70 in several tissues of common carp (cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to transport stress.in carp, the constitutive form (hsc70) was detected only in red skeletal muscle of both control and stressed animals. in the same species, the inducible form (hsp70) was evident in the epithelia of renal tubules,gills and skin of stres ...200818840560
differential recovery from exercise and hypoxia exposure measured using 31p- and 1h-nmr in white muscle of the common carp cyprinus carpio.phosphocreatine (pcr) was reduced to equivalent levels in carp white muscle by high-intensity exhaustive exercise and exposure to hypoxia at 15 degrees c and 25 degrees c in order to assess the influence of intracellular ph (ph(i)), temperature and lactate levels on pcr recovery in vivo. high-intensity exercise resulted in a significantly lower ph(i) compared with hypoxia exposure and the rate of pcr depletion and tissue acidification during hypoxia exposure was significantly higher in carp held ...200818840657
statistical investigation on carassius auratus and cyprinus carpio, with special reference to the number of vertebrae correlated with water temperature. 194818886429
differential regulation of amp-activated kinase and akt kinase in response to oxygen availability in crucian carp (carassius carassius).we investigated whether two kinases critical for survival during periods of energy deficiency in anoxia-intolerant mammalian species, amp-activated kinase (ampk), and protein kinase b (akt), are equally important for hypoxic/anoxic survival in the extremely anoxia-tolerant crucian carp (carassius carassius). we report that phosphorylation of ampk and akt in heart and brain showed small changes after 10 days of severe hypoxia (0.3 mg o2/l at 9 degrees c). in contrast, anoxia exposure (0.01 mg o2/ ...200818922957
influence of carp intestinal mucus molecular size and glycosylation on bacterial adhesion.the first step of the pathogenesis of many infectious diseases is the colonisation of the mucosal surface by the pathogen. bacterial colonisation of the mucosal surface is promoted by adherence to high molecular weight mucus glycoproteins. we examined the effect of carp intestinal mucus glycoproteins on the adhesion of different bacteria. the bacteria used were 3 strains of aeromonas hydrophila, and a. salmonicida, edwardsiella tarda and yersinia ruckeri. all bacteria adhered to mucus, but at va ...200818924378
the zebrafish stress axis: molecular fallout from the teleost-specific genome duplication event.the teleost-specific whole genome duplication event 350 million years ago resulted in a variety of duplicated genes that exist in fish today. in this review, we examine whether molecular components involved in the functioning of the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal (hpi) axis are present as single or duplicate genes. specifically, we looked at corticotropin releasing hormone (crh), adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth) and the glucocorticoid receptor (gr). the focus is on zebrafish but a variety o ...200918930731
[genetic variation analysis of two silver carp populations in the middle and upper yangtze river by microsatellite.].thirty nine microsatellite markers were applied to analyze the genetic diversity of two silver carp populations in the middle and upper reaches of the yangtze river. the following parameters were calculated: average observed number of alleles, average effective number of alleles, genetic heterozygosity, polymorphism information content (pic), genetic similarity coefficient, genetic distance, hardy-weinberg balance deflection index. these results indicated that the average observed number of alle ...200818930896
central and peripheral integration of interrenal and thyroid axes signals in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).in teleostean fishes the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis (hpt axis) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal axis (hpi axis) regulate the release of thyroid hormones (ths) and cortisol respectively. since many actions of both hormones are involved in the regulation of metabolic processes, communication between both signal pathways can be anticipated. in this study, we describe central and peripheral sites for direct interaction between mediators of both neuroendocrine axes in the common car ...200918931024
female crucian carp, carassius carassius, lose predator avoidance behavior when getting ready to mate.in predator-prey interactions, the prey often have to compromise fitness-related behaviors such as feeding, courting, and territorial defense in order to avoid predators. in these trade-off situations, some behaviors have priority over others. these priorities are not rigid, and may be context-dependent; for instance, many animals show increased risk-taking during courtship behavior by paying less attention to potential predators. we investigated whether the fright reaction, a stereotypical avoi ...200818937012
physiological and biochemical investigations on egg stickiness in common carp.the properties and behaviour of common carp, cyprinus carpio, eggs in water and in ovarian fluids were studied at different temperature, ph, and with divalent cation concentrations. the biochemical composition of zona radiata externa (zre) was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively on amino acids, carbohydrates, uronic acid and sialic acids using chemical assays; on proteins using electrophoresis. comparative biochemical studies were performed on the chub, leuciscus cephalus, the vimba, vimba ...200918938050
contrasting impacts of invasive engineers on freshwater ecosystems: an experiment and meta-analysis.invasion by common carp (cyprinus carpio) and red swamp crayfish (procambarus clarkii) in shallow lakes have been followed by stable-state changes from a macrophyte-dominated clear water state to a phytoplankton-dominated turbid water state. both invasive carp and crayfish are, therefore, possible drivers for catastrophic regime shifts. despite these two species having been introduced into ecosystems world-wide, their relative significance on regime shifts remains largely unexplored. we compared ...200918941787
evolution and regulation of the downstream gene of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha in naked carp (gymnocypris przewalskii) from lake qinghai, china.the naked carp (gymnocypris przewalskii) is a native teleost of lake qinghai (altitude, 3.2 km) on the qinghai-tibet plateau in china. hypoxia-inducible factor (hif)-1alpha of gymnocypris przewalskii was cloned and a phylogenetic tree for vertebrate hif-1alpha was constructed. by analysis of maximum likelihood models of codon substitutions for hif-1alpha, three positive sites in the branch lineages of crucian carp, eelpout, and flounder, and a higher proportion of neutral sites in naked carp, an ...200818941827
detection of salmonellae from fish in a natural river system.sediment, water, and fish gut samples taken at three sites near the headwaters of the san marcos river, texas, were analyzed for salmonellae salmonella spp. by culture and molecular techniques. while enrichment cultures from sediment and water samples from the two uppermost sites were negative for salmonellae in polymerase chain reaction analyses, both sediment and water samples were positive at the downstream site. at all sites, salmonellae were present in the guts of different fishes (e.g., la ...200818942591
membrane transformations in degenerating rodlet cells in fishes of two teleostean families (salmonidae, cyprinidae).rodlet cells (rcs) of teleosts are identified by their fibrillar capsule and peculiar inclusions, the rodlets, consisting of a club-like sac and a central dense core. former ultrastructural studies showing signs of hypertrophy of endoplasmic reticulum (er) were followed up in salmonids (oncorhynchus mykiss, salmo trutta l.) and compared with cyprinids (cyprinus carpio l., carassius auratus l., alburnus alburnus). focusing on membrane transformations, unusual undulations of the membranes of rodle ...200818951513
soybean meal induces intestinal inflammation in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).the development of soybean meal (sbm) induced enteritis in the hindgut of the omnivorous common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). the developed condition was assessed when carp, continuously fed on animal protein, were transferred to a diet in which 20% of the protein was replaced by sbm. after week 1, most of the inflammation parameters were already present, but at week 3, a strong aggravation of the condition was observed which included a shortening of the mucosal folds, the disappearance of the supr ...200818954997
the enigmatic role of the ankyrin repeat domain 1 gene in heart development and disease.it has been proposed that the ankyrin repeat domain 1 (ankrd1) factor (also known as carp) plays a critical role in transcriptional regulation, myofibrillar assembly and stretch sensing during heart development and cardiac insults. ankrd1/carp has also been reported to negatively regulate cardiac gene expression in cell-based promoter-reporter assays. consequently, rapid up-regulation of the ankrd1 gene in myocardium in response to developmental stimuli or pathological insults has tended to be i ...200818956313
expression of genes involved in gabaergic neurotransmission in anoxic crucian carp brain (carassius carassius).the crucian carp, carassius carassius, survives days to months without oxygen, depending on temperature. in the anoxic crucian carp brain, increased gabaergic inhibition, mediated by increased extracellular levels of gaba, has been shown to suppress electric activity and atp consumption. to investigate an involvement of gene expression in this response, we utilized real-time rt-pcr to test the effect of 1 and 7 days anoxia (8 degrees c) on the expression of 22 genes, including nine gaba(a) recep ...200918957573
haemato-biochemical responses and induction of hsp70 to dietary phosphorus in catla catla (hamilton) fingerlings.a feeding trial of 120 days was conducted to study the effect of graded levels of dietary phosphorus on haematology, serum protein concentrations and hsp70 expression in fingerlings of the indian major carp, catla (catla catla). eight isonitrogenous and isoenergetic purified diets were formulated to contain graded levels of dietary phosphorus (dp), i.e., t(1), 0.1%; t(2), 0.3%; t(3), 0.5%; t(4), 0.7%; t(5), 0.9%; t(6), 1.1%; t(7), 1.3%; or t(8), 1.5%. four hundred and eighty fish (average weight ...200818958586
plasma biochemical responses of the omnivorous crucian carp (carassius auratus) to crude cyanobacterial extracts.healthy crucian carp (carassius auratus) were treated by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of crude cyanobacterial extracts at two doses, 50 and 200 microg mc-lr equiv kg(-1) bw. high mortality (100%) was observed within 60 h post injection in the high-dose group. in the treated fish, activities of four plasma enzymes, alanine aminotransferase (alt), alkaline phosphatase (alp), aspartate aminotransferase (ast), and lactate dehydrogenase (ldh), all showed substantial increases, with both dose and ...200818958589
[role of food carbohydrates in the regulation of fish satiety (examplified with the carp cyprinus carpio): pre- and postabsorptional mechanisms]. 200818959218
environmental specimen banking: a challenge in trace analysis.the need for environmental specimen collection and storage ("specimen banking") is demonstrated. a survey of the banking concept, storage techniques and storage conditions for 14 selected human and environmental materials in the federal republic of germany is given. this is followed by a description of the banking and analytical facilities of the specimen bank in jülich, and of the sampling and sample preparation performed for marine macroalgae and several terrestrial specimens (carp, mussels, r ...198218963274
spectrophotometric determination of carp vitellogenin using a sequential injection analysis technique equipped with a jet ring cell.a sequential injection analysis (sia) technique, in which antibody-immobilized microbeads were transferred to a jet ring (jr) cell, was used in determination of carp vitellogenin (vg). the determination is based on a sandwich immunoassay in which two types of reactions between anti carp vg antibodies and carp vg are used. namely, the antibody for the first reaction step was immobilized on microbeads (sephadex beads), and an antibody labeled with a horseradish peroxidase (hrp) was used in the sec ...200218968848
chemiluminescence sequential injection immunoassay for vitellogenin using magnetic microbeads.a rapid and sensitive immunoassay for the determination of carp vitellogenin (vg) is described. the method involves a sequential injection analysis (sia) system equipped with a chemiluminescence detector and a samarium-cobalt magnet. an anti-vg monoclonal antibody, immobilized on magnetic beads, was used as a solid support for the immunoassay. the introduction, trapping and release of the magnetic beads in the flow cell were controlled by a samarium-cobalt magnet and the flow of the carrier solu ...200418969724
influence of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on speciation and bioavailability of arsenite.in this study, the influence of the co-existence of tio(2) nanoparticles on the speciation of arsenite [as(iii)] was studied by observing its adsorption and valence changing. moreover, the influence of tio(2) nanoparticles on the bioavailability of as(iii) was examined by bioaccumulation test using carp (cyprinus carpio). the results showed that tio(2) nanoparticles have a significant adsorption capacity for as (iii). equilibrium was established within 30 min, with about 30% of the initial as (i ...200918976844
cloning of opioid receptors in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) and their involvement in regulation of stress and immune response.in mammals opiate alkaloids and endogenous opioid peptides exert their physiological and pharmacological actions through opioid receptors (mor, dor and kor) expressed not only on neuroendocrine cells but also on leukocytes. therefore, opioids can modulate the immune response. we cloned and sequenced all three classical opioid receptors (mor, dor and kor) in common carp, and studied changes in their expression during stress and immune responses. messenger rna of opioid receptors was constitutivel ...200918977430
single unit responses to skin odorants from conspecifics and heterospecifics in the olfactory bulb of crucian carp carassius carassius.injured fish skin leaks alarm substances that induce the fright reaction upon olfactory detection. the skin also contains a multitude of other odorants traditionally related to other behaviors, but to what extent they are detected upon injury is unknown. we have performed single unit recordings in the olfactory bulb (ob) of crucian carp while exposing the olfactory epithelium to skin extracts from conspecifics and three other species of the carp family, common carp, tench and bream. the aims wer ...200818978216
genetic resistance of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) to trypanoplasma borreli: influence of transferrin polymorphisms.in serum most of the iron molecules are bound to transferrin (tf), which is a highly polymorphic protein in fish. tf is an essential growth factor for mammalian trypanosomes. we performed a series of experiments with trypanoplasma borreli to detect putative correlations between different tf genotypes of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) and susceptibility to this blood parasite. five genetically different, commercially exploited carp lines (israelian 'd', polish 'r2' and 'k', ukrainian 'ur', hung ...200918980781
effects of subchronic metribuzin exposure on common carp (cyprinus carpio).effects of metribuzin on biochemical and haematological indices, induction of specific biomarkers and impacts on biometric parameters of cyprinus carpio were investigated for subchronic conditions.200818987601
changes in plasma thyroid hormones and cortisol levels in crucian carp (carassius auratus) exposed to the extracted microcystins.the endocrine response of crucian carp injected intraperitoneally with extracted microcystins (mc) was investigated in this study. fish were injected intraperitoneally either with 0.75% nacl (control) and microcystis extract corresponding to 150 and 600 microg microcystins per kg body weight. the plasma levels of triiodothyronine (t(3)), thyroxine (t(4)), free triiodothyronine (ft(3)), free thyroxine (ft(4)), and cortisol were determined at 0, 1, 3, 12, 24, and 48h post-administration of mc-cont ...200818990424
accumulation of heavy metals in freshwater fish in cage aquaculture at cirata reservoir, west java, indonesia.freshwater fish demand in west java is supported by cage aquaculture in reservoirs. cirata reservoir is one of three cascading hydropower reservoirs built along the citarum river that receives domestic and industrial wastes. water pollution by heavy metals, such as copper and lead, increases the health risk of humans who consume the fish. the study was aimed to evaluate the concentration of copper and lead in fish, specifically on cyprinus carpio, that are widely cultivated in the cirata reservo ...200818991927
the induction of nitric oxide response of carp macrophages by transferrin is influenced by the allelic diversity of the molecule.the central role of transferrin (tf) as an iron transporting protein has been extended by observations that modified versions of tf also participate in the regulation of innate immunity. we report on the isolation of two carp tf proteins (alleles d and g) to purity using rivanol precipitation and ion-exchange chromatography, and describe the activation of head kidney-derived carp macrophages by cleaved tf. we demonstrate the superiority of the d-type over the g-type tf in inducing nitric oxide ( ...200918996204
metal concentrations in water, sediment, and fish from sewage-fed aquaculture ponds of kolkata, india.the concentrations of lead, cadmium, chromium, copper, and zinc were investigated in the sewage-fed pond water, sediment, and the various organs of labeo rohita, catla catla, cirrhinus mrigala, oreochromis mossambicus, and cyprinus carpio cultured in sewage-fed ponds, kolkata, india. among the metals, cadmium, lead, and zinc were detected in water and, except lead, were below the water quality guideline levels for the protection of freshwater aquatic life proposed by ceqg (canadian environmental ...200918998223
structural abnormalities of common carp cyprinus carpio spermatozoa.spermatozoa of common carp cyprinus carpio are typically consist of a primitive head without acrosome, a midpiece with several mitochondria, a centriolar complex (proximal and distal centriole), and one flagellum. during an evaluation of the motility of common carp spermatozoa, we found spermatozoa with more than one flagellum and/or "double head" in three different individuals. this may be related to abnormal spermatogenesis. ultrastructure and physiological parameters of spermatozoa were exami ...200918998229
optimization of the isolation and cultivation of cyprinus carpio primary hepatocytes.the aquatic environment is affected by numerous chemical contaminants. there is an increasing need to identify these chemicals and to evaluate their potential toxicity towards aquatic life. in this research we optimized techniques for primary cell culture of cyprinus carpio hepatocytes as one adjunct model for ecotoxicological evaluation of the potential hazards of xenobiotics in the aquatic environment. in this study, cyprinus carpio hepatocytes were isolated by mechanical separation, two-step ...200819002769
genetic differentiation among greek lake populations of carassius gibelio and cyprinus carpio carpio.the genetic structure of the western greece lake populations of carassius gibelio and cyprinus carpio carpio populations was characterized by using a pcr-based rflp and sequencing analysis of mitochondrial rdna genes and regions (16s rdna, cytochrome b and d-loop). our analysis was able to detect: (a) two haplotypes in c. c. carpio populations and two haplotypes in c. gibelio populations (b) a high nucleotide divergence between the two species and (c) two genetically distinct c. gibelio populati ...200919005765
pre-treatment of dietary plant feedstuffs with phytase and its effect on growth and mineral concentration in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).effect of phytase pre-treatment of dietary plant feed stuffs (pf) on growth and mineral concentration in common carp (c. carpio l.) was investigated. diets used were: c0, diet with no supplement; ci, diet with incubated pf; cp0, diet supplemented with 3 g p/kg; cpi, diet with incubated pf supplemented with 3 g p/kg; phyt0, diet fortified with 4000 u phytase/kg; phyti, diet with pf incubated with 4000 u phytase/kg. mean weight gain, sgr and fcr were the same (p < 0.05) in fish fed cp0, cpi or phy ...200819012613
detection of cyprinid herpesvirus 3 dna in river water during and after an outbreak.the disease caused by cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3) brings catastrophic damages to cultivated carp and koi and to natural carp populations; however, the dynamics of the virus in environmental waters are unclear. in july 2007, cyhv-3 dna was detected in a dead common carp collected from the yura river in kyoto prefecture, japan, and this was followed by mass mortality. we collected water samples at eight sites along the yura river for 3 months immediately after confirmation of the disease outbr ...200919013729
vitellogenin induction by a mixture of steroidal estrogens in freshwater fishes and relevant risk assessment.the study method on combined effects of environmental contaminant mixture and ecological risk assessment was discussed. batch tests were conducted to assess the in vivo potency of binary mixtures of estrogens using plasma vitellogenin concentrations in male crucian carp as the endpoint. the estrogenic potencies of 17beta-estradiol (e(2)) and 17alpha-ethynylestradiol (ee(2)) were determined following 14 day exposure to the individual chemicals and equipotent binary mixtures. a nonlinear regressio ...200919016308
alternative techniques for producing a quality surimi and kamaboko from common carp (cyprinus carpio).the demand for surimi and kamaboko is increasing in the world at the same time as the supply of the fish traditionally used has declined. in an effort to increase the range and hence supply of fish used, factors increasing the quality of surimi and kamaboko from common carp were investigated. the best surimi and kamaboko characteristics were produced by a modified conventional method (mcm) rather than traditional method (tm), alkaline-aided method (aam), and ph modified method (pmm). mcm process ...200819021796
halquinol modulated growth, physiology, and protein profile and halquinol residue withdrawal study in the indian major carp catla catla (hamilton).the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of halquinol, an antimicrobial used as a growth promotor in poultry, on the fresh water fish catla catla in terms of growth promotion, protein profile, and physiology as the rate of oxygen consumption. a synergic increment in the free amino acid level and total protein concentration suggested enhanced anabolic metabolism resulting in weight gain. when compared with an untreated control group, fishes treated with 0.1% halquinol (t1) showed a ...200819024792
behavioral and respiratory dysfunction in the freshwater fish, labeo rohita (hamilton) under malathion intoxication.a short term definitive test by static renewal bioassay method was conducted to determine the acute toxicity (lc50) of the commercial grade organophosphate insecticide malathion (50% ec) in the freshwater edible fish, labeo rohita. carp fingerlings were exposed for 96 h to different concentrations (6.0 to 10.1 microl/l) of malathion. the acute toxicity value was found to be 9.0 microl/l and one tenth of lc50 (0.9 microl/l) was selected for sub acute studies. behavioral patterns and oxygen consum ...200819024933
an evolutionary origin and selection process of goldfish.many different physical characteristics of goldfish (carassius auratus auratus), such as celestial and telescopic eyes, fancy but uncontrollable shapes of tail fin, an unfittingly fat body, and loss of dorsal fins, provide us with a unique opportunity of studying artificial selection on phenotypic changes on the basis of molecular evolution. the aim of the present study is to elucidate the evolutionary origin and history of goldfish, taking into account the different characteristics of goldfish ...200919027055
the effect of praziquantel applied per os on selected haematological and biochemical indices in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).the aim of the study was to assess the effects of the anthelminthic, praziquantel, on the haematological and biochemical indices of the blood of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). fish were divided into six groups: two groups received 30 mg kg(-1) body weight (bw) of praziquantel, and two groups were given 50 mg kg(-1) bw of praziquantel mixed into the heat-treated amyloid vehicle. fish in the remaining two groups were given only the amyloid vehicle and were used as controls. fish were examined e ...200919031105
structure, organization and expression of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) nkef-b gene.natural killer (nk) cell enhancing factor (nkef) belongs to the newly defined peroxiredoxin (prx) family. its functions are to enhance nk cell cytotoxicity and to protect dna and proteins from oxidative damage. in this study, a partial cdna sequence of carp nkef-b was isolated from thymus cdna library. subsequently, the full-length cdna of carp nkef-b was obtained by means of 3' and 5' race, respectively. the full-length cdna of carp nkef-b was 1022 bp, consisting of a 73 bp 5'-terminal untransl ...200919032984
relations between and among contaminant concentrations and biomarkers in black bass (micropterus spp.) and common carp (cyprinus carpio) from large u.s. rivers, 1995-2004.environmental contaminant and biomarker monitoring data from major u.s. river basins were summarized for black bass (micropterus spp.) and common carp (cyprinus carpio) sampled over a nine year period. cumulative frequency distributions revealed taxon differences for many organochlorine residue concentrations, elemental contaminant concentrations, and biomarkers, but few gender differences were evident for chemical concentrations. concentrations of dacthal, pentachloroanisole, p,p'-dde, endosulf ...200819037492
bioaccumulation of micropollutants and biomarker responses in caged carp (cyprinus carpio).at four different aquatic sites in flanders (belgium) with different types and degrees of contamination, juvenile carp (cyprinus carpio) were exposed in cages for 4 weeks. after exposure, metals, polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), and selected organochlorine pesticides (ocps) were analyzed in the tissues of the carp. besides pollutant accumulation, several effects were measured as well. condition measures such as changes in weight, condition factor (cf), and hepatosomatic index (hsi) were assesse ...200919038452
differences between lipid content and composition of different parts of fillets from crossbred farmed carp (cyprinus carpio).common carp (cyprinus carpio) is, globally, one of the most important farmed fish species. we have analyzed carp from a natural pond-production system in south bohemia. ongrowing fish had access to an abundant plankton population which was supplemented with cereals. fatty acid composition (fa) was investigated in three parts of fillets from four crosses of carp. the fa composition of the leanest part, the dorsal white muscle was similar to that of marine-farmed species; it contained a large prop ...200919043793
functional characterization of the elr motif in piscine elr+cxc-like chemokine.to elucidate the functional role of piscine incomplete elr motif, the recombinant cxc and its mutants (melr and mloop) were produced in escherichia coli m15 based on the predicted mature peptide coding sequence of the black sea bream cxc (bs cxc) chemokine. assays showed that the bs rcxc proteins displayed strong ability to induce fish blood neutrophils and head kidney (hk) macrophage migration in a dose-independent manner (10 to 200 ng), both in black sea bream and common carp. although the elr ...200919048342
pre-spawning water temperature affects sperm respiration and reactivation parameters in male carps.concentration, ability to motility, motility during the second activation (reactivation), and endogenous respiration were studied in sperm from two experimental groups of carp males. group 1 was maintained for 7 days at 15 degrees c (cold water (cw) group), whereas the second group was subjected to a temperature of 20 degrees c (warm water (ww) group) before sperm sampling. reactivation were achieved after incubation of firstly activated sperm in media with osmotic pressure adjusted up to 300 mo ...200919048380
identification of methyl triclosan and halogenated analogues in male common carp (cyprinus carpio) from las vegas bay and semipermeable membrane devices from las vegas wash, nevada.methyl triclosan and four halogenated analogues have been identified in extracts of individual whole-body male carp (cyprinus carpio) tissue that were collected from las vegas bay, nevada, and semipermeable membrane devices (spmd) that were deployed in las vegas wash, nevada. methyl triclosan is believed to be the microbially methylated product of the antibacterial agent triclosan (2, 4, 4'-trichloro-4-hydroxydiphenyl ether, chemical abstract service registry number 3380-34-5, irgasan dp300). th ...200919054547
life cycle stages of heterophyid trematodes in vietnamese freshwater fishes traced by molecular and morphometric methods.a survey of digenean zoonotic trematodes infecting snails and fishes in a north vietnamese freshwater fish culture system revealed shedding of three types of parapleurolophocercous cercariae from the snail host melanoides tuberculata and the presence of metacercariae within the genus haplorchis (h. pumilio and h. taichui) and procerovum sp. in tissues of cultured fishes (silver carp, indian carp and climbing perch). no morphological characters were able to link the different cercariae specifical ...200919056180
the immune response differentially regulates hsp70 and glucocorticoid receptor expression in vitro and in vivo in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).heat shock or stress proteins and glucocorticoids (cortisol) regulate a sequential pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression profile to effectively kill pathogens, whilst minimizing damage to the host. cortisol elicits its effects through the glucocorticoid receptor (gr) for which hsp70 and hsp90 are required as chaperones. in common carp, (cyprinus carpio) duplicated glucocorticoid receptor genes and splice variants with different cortisol sensitivities exist. we investigated t ...200919061961
localization and dynamics of mel(1a) melatonin receptor in the ovary of carp catla catla in relation to serum melatonin levels.we studied the localization, sub-cellular distribution and daily rhythms of a 37 kda melatonin receptor (mel(1a)r) in the ovary to assess its temporal relationship with the serum melatonin levels in four different reproductive phases in carp catla catla. our immunocytochemical study accompanied by western blot analysis of mel(1a)r in the ovary revealed that the expression of this 37-kda protein was greater in the membrane fraction than in the cytosol. ovarian mel(1a)r protein peaked at midnight ...200919068233
effects of lead nitrate (pbno3) on the glucose and cortisol hormone levels in common carp, cyprinus carpio.the objective of this study was to evaluate the possible effects of pbno3 exposure on variations of glucose and cortisol levels in cyprinus carpio. fish were subjected to two sub-lethal concentrations of pbno3 for 14 days. blood samples were isolated from the fish following the exposure, to measure the levels of cortisol and glucose compared to the control group. we found significant increases (p<0.05) in the levels of blood cortisol in two groups of fish after 14 days of exposure to two concent ...200719070136
an optical immunosensor for rapid vitellogenin detection in plasma from carp (cyprinus carpio).vitellogenin (vtg) has proven to be a sensitive and simple biomarker for assessing exposure of fish to environmental estrogens. the aim of this work was to develop a rapid, in the order of minutes, screening method for the detection of fish vtg. the surface plasmon resonance technique (biacore xtrade mark) was coupled with immunodetection for the determination of fish vtg in plasma and mucus from carp (cyprinus carpio). monoclonal anti-vtg antibodies were linked on the sensor surface through che ...200719071687
[the genetic diversity of diploid and triploid crucian carp from six populations in heilongjiang river system].twelve microsatellite markers from silver crucian carp were used to investigate the genetic structuring of the diploid and triploid crucian carp from six natural populations in heilongjiang river system. in the six populations, the number of average allele (a) is from 5.8 to 6.8, the number of effective allele (ne) is from 2.8 to 4.6, the expected heterozygosity value (he) is from 0.5592 to 0.6962 and the average pic value is from 0.5962 to 0.648, which indicated that the genetic diversity of th ...200819073556
tracing the accumulation and effects of mercury uptake in the previtellogenic ovary of crucian carp, carassius auratus gibelio by autometallography and caspase-3 immunohistochemistry.the aims of the present study were to apply the amg technique for localization of mercury at the light and electron microscopic level in the ovary of crucian carp after exposure to mercuric chloride and to find out if this heavy metal induces expression of caspase-3. depending on the stage of ovarian follicle development, two patterns of mercury accumulation have been found in previtellogenic ovary of crucian carp. the first mercury accumulation pattern has been found in the early previtellogeni ...200919085830
oxidative stress and growth inhibition in the freshwater fish carassius auratus induced by chronic exposure to sublethal fullerene aggregates.the rapid growth of nanotechnology is stimulating research concerning the potential environmental impacts of manufactured nanomaterials. the present study summarizes, to our knowledge, the first examination regarding the potential effects of chronic exposure (32 d) of aquatic organisms (juvenile carp [carassius auratus]) to sublethal concentrations (0.04-1.0 mg/l) of fullerene aggregates (nc60/aq; i.e., c60 suspended in water after long-term stirring) with average diameters of approximately 349 ...200819086321
effects of copper sulfate (cuso4) on the levels of glucose and cortisol in common carp, cyprinus carpio.the objective of this study was to evaluate the possible effects of cuso4 exposure on variations of glucose and cortisol levels in cyprinus carpio. three replicates of 6 fish were subjected to two sub-lethal concentrations of cuso4 (0.16 and 0.53 mg l(-1)) for 14 and 21 days. blood samples were isolated from the fish following the exposure, to measure the levels of cortisol and glucose compared to the control group. the results showed significant increases (p < 0.05) in cortisol levels for both ...200719086513
vitellogenin assay by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay as a biomarker of endocrine disruptor chemicals pollution.research is ongoing to develop screening and testing programmes for endocrine disrupting effects of new chemicals and in the focus of this development are the fish test species common carp (cyprinus carpio). in this study we have developed quantitative enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) for vts in common carp. the working range of the elisa was 11.25 to 2000 ng ml(-1) (75-25% specific binding/maximum antibody binding [b/b0]) with a 50% b/b0 intra- and interassay variation of 3.9% (n=10) ...200719090107
the effects of salt and storage temperature on microbiological changes in hot-smoked mirror carp (cyprinus carpio l.).in this study, microbiological changes during processing and preservation of smoked mirror carp (cyprinus carpio l.) fillets were examined. in the processing phase the brining in two different salt concentration and smoke were used. the conservation is realized in two different ambient temperatures. starting from raw material, a(w) and ph levels as well as mesophilic, psychrophilic, staphylococcus-micrococcus, coliform, the yeast and mould counts were determined at every stage. in conclusion, th ...200719090218
reproductive parameters of common carp (cyprinus carpio l) spawners during natural season and out-of-season spawning.common carp spawning characteristics were compared between season and out-of-season periods. there were no differences in the percentage of ovulation, spermatozoa motility and embryo survival to the eyed-egg-stage between the spawning periods. fish spawned during the season produced oocytes of higher total weight than those spawned out-of-season. on the day exogenous feeding began, larvae obtained in out-of-season spawning were shorter than those obtained during the spawning season. however, the ...200819092989
the relationship between trace elements in fish otoliths of wild carp and hydrochemical conditions.the trace element composition of the fish otolith is an indicator of biomineralization. in contrast to other skeletal tissue, the otolith retains its entire original structure and does not absorb any elements after the fish dies. because otoliths in carp degrade very slowly in the dead body, the information it provides on the environment is retained, even in fossil form. here, we report our analysis of the trace elements in otoliths of carp and of the water in donghu lake and longhupao lake, hei ...201019093220
hepatic and branchial glutathione s-transferases of two fish species: substrate specificity and biotransformation of microcystin-lr.liver and gills of roach (rutilus rutilus) and silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) were examined for glutathione s-transferases (gsts) contents and their substrate specificity and capacity to biotransform microcystin-lr (mc-lr). gsts and other glutathione (gsh) affine proteins were purified using a gsh-agarose matrix and separated by anionic chromatography (aec). substrate specificities were determined photometrical for 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (cdnb), 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene (dcnb) ...200919101655
collateral circulation: past and present.following an arterial occlusion outward remodeling of pre-existent inter-connecting arterioles occurs by proliferation of vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells. this is initiated by deformation of the endothelial cells through increased pulsatile fluid shear stress (fss) caused by the steep pressure gradient between the high pre-occlusive and the very low post-occlusive pressure regions that are interconnected by collateral vessels. shear stress leads to the activation and expression of a ...200919101749
regional variation in parvalbumin isoform expression correlates with muscle performance in common carp (cyprinus carpio).the mechanical properties of the axial muscles vary along the length of a fish's body. this variation in performance correlates with the expression of certain muscle proteins. parvalbumin (parv) is an important calcium binding protein that helps modulate intracellular calcium levels which set the size and shape of the muscle calcium transient. it therefore has a central role in determining the functional properties of the muscle. transcript data revealed eight specific isoforms of parv in common ...200919112137
goat serum as an alternative to establish cell culture from indian major carp, cirrhinus mrigala.serum from goat, calf, and chicken sources were evaluated in terms of attachment, growth, and proliferation of explants of indian major carp, cirrhinus mrigala. the attachment of explants viz. heart, liver, and kidney was directly proportional to the concentration of the serum. among these sera, the highest percentage of attachment, growth, and proliferation was recorded for 10% goat serum and 15% newborn calf serum without affecting their cell morphology. on contrary to these sera, chicken seru ...200919118441
[role of gata-4 in cardiac development and remodeling].gata-4 plays important roles in the process of cardiac development and remodeling. deletion or mutation of gata-4 is associated with malformation of cardiac development directly, even embryolethality. down-regulation of gata-4 may lead to deterioration of cardiac function. gata4 activity is significantly changed by pathological stimulation induced by pressure overload, hypoxia, sympathetic nerve activation, etc. it involves in the process of myocardium remodeling through regulating anp, bnp, bcl ...200819119610
cloning and expression of carp acetylcholinesterase gene in pichia pastoris and characterization of the recombinant enzyme.the gene encoding acetylcholinesterase (ache) was cloned from common carp muscle tissue. the full-length cdna was 2368 bp that contains a coding region of 1902 bp, corresponding to a protein of 634 amino acids. the deduced amino acid sequence showed a significant homology with those of ichthyic aches and several common features among them, including t peptide encoded by exon t in the c-terminus. three yeast expression vectors were constructed and introduced into the yeast pichia pastoris. the tr ...200919121395
morphological specializations of the buccal cavity in relation to the food and feeding habit of a carp cirrhinus mrigala: a scanning electron microscopic investigation.the buccal cavity of an herbivorous fish, cirrhinus mrigala, was investigated by scanning electron microscopy to determine its surface ultrastructure. the buccal cavity shows significant adaptive modifications in relation to food and feeding ecology of the fish. the buccal cavity of the fish is of modest size and limited capacity, which is considered an adaptation with respect to the small-sized food items primarily consumed by the fish that could be accommodated in a small space. modification o ...200919123241
study of the comparative dynamics of the incorporation of tissue free-water tritium (tfwt) in bulrushes (typha latifolia) and carp (cyprinus carpio) in the almaraz nuclear power plant cooling reservoir.the almaraz nuclear power plant (spain) uses the water of arrocampo reservoir for cooling, and consequently raises the radioactive levels of the aquatic ecosystem of this reservoir. from july 2002 to june 2005, monthly samples of surface water, bulrushes (typha latifolia) and carp (cyprinus carpio) were collected from this reservoir. they were analyzed to determine the temporal evolution of the levels of (3)h in surface water and of its transfer from the surface water to free-water in the tissue ...200919128862
antioxidative role of cerium against the toxicity of lead in the liver of silver crucian carp.the antioxidative role of cerium was investigated in the liver of silver crucian carp injected with lead. the fish were intraperitoneally injected with 10, 20, or 30 mg/kg wet weight pbcl(2). after a 14-day period of incubation, 35 animals were injected with a solution of 1.5 mg/kg wet weight cecl(3). after 42 days, the wet weight and the liver weight of the fish were weighed, and the oxidative stress of the fish liver was estimated by assaying lipid peroxide, superoxide dismutase, catalase, asc ...201019130280
effect of a subchronic exposure to simazine on energetic metabolism of common carp (cyprinus carpio).the energetic parameters, such as glycogen, glucose, proteins, lactate and adenosine triphosphate (atp) content and lactate deshydrogenase (ldh) activity in tissues and blood of carps from simazine (2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine) contaminated waters were investigated. in order to confirm the field results, a laboratory experiment was designed in which carps were exposed to simazine at the concentration level of 45 micro g. l(- 1) (10-fold of the amount found in natural waters) for 90 d ...200919130373
cdna cloning and isolation of somatolactin in mozambique tilapia and effects of seawater acclimation, confinement stress, and fasting on its pituitary expression.somatolactin (sl) is a member of the growth hormone (gh)/prolactin (prl) family of pituitary hormones, and is found in a variety of teleost species. somatolactin is thought to be involved in a wide range of physiological actions, including reproduction, stress response, the regulation of ca(2+) and acid-base balance, growth, metabolism, and immune response. we report here on the cdna structure of sl from the pituitary of mozambique tilapia, oreochromis mossambicus, and its gene expression in res ...200919133264
isolation and sequence analysis of sox genes in the red crucian carp (carassius carassius red variety).sox genes encode a family of transcription factors which are characterized by the conserved hmg domain and are involved in a diverse range of developmental processes. using degenerate primer pcr, 7 different sequences encoding the hmg domains of sox1, sox9 and sox1 1b were cloned and sequenced from genomic dna in the red crucian carp (carassius carassius red variety). in the case of sox1 and sox1 1b, we found evidence of gene duplication. in the phylogenetic tree, two paralogs of sox1 1b (sox1 1 ...200819137736
[comparative characteristics of lactate dehydrogenase from the liver and white muscles of common carp (cyprinus carpio)].lactate dehydrogenase from the liver and white muscles of common carp (cyprinus carpio) was purified by the differential precipitation of supernatants with ammonium sulfate. the results of native electrophoresis of partially purified lactate degydrogenase (ldh) and ldh from some tissues exhibited the different isozyme composition there. however, the kinetic properties of these isozymes from two tissues were not different, except for the value of k(m) for pyruvate, which was 72.5 +/- 11 and 217 + ...201519140448
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