Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| high-resolution ct in the evaluation of clinically suspected pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids patients with normal, equivocal, or nonspecific radiographic findings. | we prospectively studied aids patients with a high clinical pretest probability of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in whom chest radiographic findings were normal, equivocal, or nonspecific with high-resolution ct (hrct) to determine the incidence of pcp in these patients, to assess the diagnostic accuracy of hrct for the presence or absence of pcp, to evaluate the role of hrct in patient management, and to determine the clinical outcome of all patients 1 month after evaluation. | 1997 | 9308446 |
| lipid biosynthesis pathways as chemotherapeutic targets in kinetoplastid parasites. | inhibitors of sterol and phospholipid biosynthesis in kinetoplastid parasites such as trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of chagas' disease, and different species of leishmania have potent and selective activity as chemotherapeutic agents in vitro and in vivo. recent work with the sterol c14 alpha-demethylase inhibitor d0870, a bis triazole derivative, showed that this compound is capable of inducing radical parasitological cure in murine models of both acute and chronic chagas' disease. oth ... | 1997 | 9309771 |
| nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis mimicking pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) and transbronchial biopsies from 351 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive patients with presumed pneumocystis pneumonia were analyzed to determine the spectrum and frequency of interstitial lung disease mimicking pneumocystis pneumonia. among 67 patients without pneumocystis, nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis (nsip) was the most common histologic diagnosis (n = 16). tissue sections from patients with nsip were tested by in situ hybridization for epstein-bar ... | 1997 | 9310013 |
| calcifying pneumocystis carinii thyroiditis. | 1997 | 9310227 | |
| clustering of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients undergoing renal transplantation from living unrelated donors in iraq and india. | over the past few years, we have observed a substantial increase in the number of patients followed at our hospital who have undergone renal transplantation from living unrelated donors (lurd). these transplants were all performed in one of two centers: bagdad, iraq or bombay, india. we have observed a parallel increase in the number of cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) post-renal transplant. we conducted a ten-year retrospective analysis (1986-1995) of patients who developed pcp pos ... | 1997 | 9313784 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in infants who were exposed to human immunodeficiency virus but were not infected: an exception to the aids surveillance case definition. | 1997 | 9314473 | |
| patients unaware of their hiv status present to inner city accident and emergency department with respiratory complications. | to examine the clinical presentations and management of patients presenting to an accident and emergency (a&e) department with an aids defining illness (adi). | 1997 | 9315932 |
| detection of pneumocystis carinii dna in air samples: likely environmental risk to susceptible persons. | the means by which humans acquire pneumocystis carinii is not well understood. whether it can be acquired from specific environmental sources or transmitted from person to person has not been determined. this study was designed to detect nucleic acids of p. carinii in air samples from various locations, including p. carinii-infected patients' homes and hospital rooms, non-p. carinii-infected patients' hospital rooms, empty hospital rooms, offices at indiana university, and other homes in differe ... | 1997 | 9316898 |
| natural transmission of pneumocystis carinii in nonimmunosuppressed animals: early contagiousness of experimentally infected rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus). | airborne transmission of pneumocystis carinii has been established, but the infective form and the sources of infection remain unknown. animal models for studies of p. carinii have previously been limited to immunosuppressed rodents; however, this study was performed with nonimmunodepressed p. carinii-free rabbits. this study was aimed at determining (i) the delay between inoculation of animals (day zero [d0]) and the onset of contagiousness and (ii) the end of contagiousness of these animals (d ... | 1997 | 9316931 |
| terminology for the life cycle of pneumocystis carinii. | 1997 | 9317051 | |
| pneumocystis carinii delanoë & delanoë (1912) has been placed in the archiascomycetales, a class of the ascomycota. | 1997 | 9317052 | |
| an unusual complication of immunosuppressive therapy in inflammatory bowel disease. | a 68-yr-old man with steroid refractory distal ulcerative colitis was treated with low-dose 6-mercaptopurine, and corticosteroids were successfully discontinued. he later presented with dyspnea and fever, was diagnosed with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by bronchoalveolar lavage, and died despite aggressive therapy. serological tests for hiv were negative, and his white blood cell count was normal. this is the first report of p. carinii pneumonia complicating therapy of inflammatory bowel disea ... | 1997 | 9317088 |
| advances in the treatment and prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is the most common illness associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in the united states and also occurs in immunocompromised persons not infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.. several advances have taken place in the treatment and prophylaxis of pcp, with most clinical trials conducted in patients with aids. treatment of choice is trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx). desensitization regimens are available for those who have ... | 1997 | 9324180 |
| mycobacterium xenopi infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | mycobacterium xenopi is one of the most frequently isolated nontuberculous mycobacteria in ontario, canada. we reviewed the records of 28 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients from whom m. xenopi was isolated between 1982 and 1995. m. xenopi was recovered from respiratory specimens from 24 patients, most of whom had clinical and radiographic evidence of pulmonary disease. however, coexistent pulmonary infection due to other pathogens was found in 17 patients: pneumocystis carinii ... | 1997 | 9332511 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients receiving chemotherapy for breast cancer. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is uncommon in patients undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer. most previously described patients with breast cancer and pcp received treatment with corticosteroids, a known risk factor for pcp. we describe two patients with metastatic breast cancer who developed pcp after receiving therapy with high doses of cyclophosphamide with peripheral blood stem cell support. both patients developed fevers of unclear etiology in the setting of recovery of the neutr ... | 1997 | 9332513 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients without human immunodeficiency virus infection. | 1997 | 9332514 | |
| [the epidemiology and laboratory diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii infections]. | 1997 | 9333858 | |
| [drug hypersensitivity in aids patients: report of a case]. | drug allergy is a common symptom in hiv infected patients, with higher prevalence that in general population. we describe a child with aids and adverse reactions to several drugs indicated for pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis and antibiotics. reaction to intravenous pentamidine was present in this case and it is not an usual findings in hiv infected children. alternative therapy and desensitization to tmp-smx are also discussed. | 1997 | 9334468 |
| preventing and treating major opportunistic infections in aids. what's new and what's still true. | new highly active antiretroviral therapies are boosting the blood absolute cd4+ counts of many patients with aids and are decreasing the prevalence of aids-related opportunistic infections. nevertheless, the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of opportunistic infections remain important features of management of hiv infection. in recent years, significant advances have been made in the prevention and treatment of opportunistic diseases such as pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, cytomegalovirus re ... | 1997 | 9336601 |
| current issues in the treatment and prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv infection. | 1997 | 9338481 | |
| the influence of mt-2 tropism on the prognostic implications of the delta32 deletion in the ccr-5 gene. | long-term non-progression in hiv-1-infected patients has been reported to be associated with a 32 base-pair deletion (delta32) in one ccr-5 allele. the normal gene product acts as a coreceptor for hiv cell entry and is essential for infection of cells by non-syncytium-inducing and mt-2-negative hiv-1 strains. | 1997 | 9342063 |
| methemoglobinemia associated with dapsone treatment in solid organ transplant recipients: a two-case report and review. | dapsone, a sulfone antibiotic, has been increasingly used in solid-organ transplant recipients for the primary prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, especially in patients with documented sulfa allergy. a known side effect of dapsone therapy, however, is methemoglobinemia, a condition leading to impaired tissue oxygen delivery. this report documents two cases of dapsone-induced methemoglobinemia in patients after solid organ transplantation with emphasis on the importance of clinical rec ... | 1997 | 9346728 |
| sequences of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis strains associated with recurrent pneumonia vary at multiple loci. | the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (its) of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis strains from 7 of 15 aids patients were found to vary during discrete episodes of p. carinii pneumonia. changes in the its sequence correlated with changes in the mitochondrial large-subunit rrna sequence. the coincidence of changes in the sequences of the its, which is located in the nucleus, with changes in a mitochondrial gene excludes mutation as the cause of the genetic differences between p. carin ... | 1997 | 9350725 |
| rapid detection of pneumocystis carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens from human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: use of a simple dna extraction procedure and nested pcr. | we report on the development of a rapid nested pcr protocol for the detection of pneumocystis carinii dna in bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) specimens in which the protocol included the use of a commercially available dna extraction kit (genereleaser). genereleaser enabled us to obtain amplification-ready dna within 20 min without requiring the purification of the dna. the nested pcr was performed with the primers paz102-e, paz102-h, and paz102-l2 (a. e. wakefield, f. j. pixley, s. banerji, k. sinc ... | 1997 | 9350726 |
| the major surface glycoprotein of pneumocystis carinii induces release and gene expression of interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor alpha in monocytes. | recent studies suggest that interleukin-8 (il-8) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) may play a central role in host defense and pathogenesis during pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. in order to investigate whether the major surface antigen (msg) of human p. carinii is capable of eliciting the release of il-8 and tnf-alpha, human monocytes were cultured in the presence of purified msg. msg-stimulated cells released significant amounts of il-8 within 4 h, and at 20 h, cells stimulated with ... | 1997 | 9353066 |
| mediastinal emphysema with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids. | 1997 | 9353489 | |
| n-acetylcysteine treatment and the risk of toxic reactions to trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole in primary pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis in hiv-infected patients. | in a randomized double blind placebo controlled trial, hiv sero-positive patients with cd4+ cell count less than 200 x 10(6)/l or an aids diagnosis were evaluated for drug reactions to trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (tmp-smx) during treatment, including pretreatment, with n-acetylcysteine (nac) 800 mg daily or placebo. tmp-smx (one double-strength tablet containing 160 mg of trimethoprim and 800 mg of sulphamethoxazole) was given three times weekly as primary pneumocystis carinii (pcp) prophylax ... | 1997 | 9354348 |
| comparative evaluation of naturally occurring pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and pcp despite primary chemoprophylaxis in patients with aids. | 1997 | 9354363 | |
| the role of tracheostomy in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | tracheostomy tube (tt) insertion for respiratory failure in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome has been associated with an early mortality rate of 100%. we have reviewed our experience with tracheostomy to determine if there is a role for this procedure among certain subgroups. | 1997 | 9354514 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | 1997 | 9357214 | |
| 2,4-diaminothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine lipophilic antifolates as inhibitors of pneumocystis carinii and toxoplasma gondii dihydrofolate reductase. | ten previously unreported 2,4-diaminothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine lipophilic dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors were synthesized as potential inhibitors of pneumocystis carinii and toxoplasma gondii dihydrofolate reductase. pivaloylation of 2,4-diamino-5-methylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine followed by dibromination with n-bromosuccinimide in the presence of benzoyl peroxide gave 2,4-bis(pivaloylamino)-6-bromo-5-(bromomethyl)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimid ine, which after condensation with substituted anilines or n-m ... | 1997 | 9357537 |
| ancillary benefits of mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex prophylaxis with clarithromycin in hiv-infected patients. | because of the significant morbidity and mortality associated with opportunistic infections, prophylaxis has become routine practice in the management of immunocompromised patients such as those with aids. clarithromycin, an antimicrobial agent with a broad spectrum of activity against most common respiratory pathogens as well as many protozoa, has proven to be effective for both treatment and prophylaxis of mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (mac) infection in aids patients. results of ... | 1997 | 9358196 |
| pneumocystis carinii host origin defines the antibody specificity and protective response induced by immunization. | to determine how the known host species-specific antigenic variation of pneumocystis carinii would affect immune recognition, mice were immunized with either mouse- or ferret-derived p. carinii, with subsequent analysis of the immune response and the ability of the mice to resist infection after immunosuppression and challenge. immunization with mouse-derived p. carinii produced a strong immune response to mouse but not ferret p. carinii. these mice were completely protected from p. carinii pneu ... | 1997 | 9359734 |
| neutrophil chemotactic activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with aids-associated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is accompanied by an acute inflammatory infiltration of the lung parenchyma. the cellular infiltrate is characterized by inflammatory cells including neutrophils, lymphocytes and macrophages. furthermore, neutrophilia in bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid has been shown to confer a poor prognosis in pcp. we therefore investigated the potential of bal fluid from 17 patients with pcp to induce neutrophil chemotaxis. bal fluid from patients induced considerable ... | 1997 | 9360251 |
| graft-versus-host disease after liver and small bowel transplantation in a child. | an 8-month-old child with an immunodeficiency disorder characterized by abnormal lymphocyte function and by low igg and iga levels had combined liver and small bowel transplantation under tacrolimus and steroid immunosuppression for the treatment of short gut syndrome and hepatic cirrhosis. the patient developed an early postoperative episode of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and a subsequent surgical complication, prompting discontinuance of tacrolimus. a skin rash eventually shown to be graft ... | 1997 | 9361921 |
| study of prevalence, severity, and etiological factors associated with acute pancreatitis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | patients with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) disease can develop pancreatic gland inflammation from hiv infection and related causes, or from factors totally independent of it. the incidence and severity acute pancreatitis in patients with hiv diseases and the frequency of associated etiological factors have not been examined in any detail. the purpose of this study was to (a) determine the prevalence of acute pancreatitis, (b) evaluate severity of pancreatic gland inflammation, (c) iden ... | 1997 | 9362189 |
| pulmonary infections in immunosuppressed patients. | pulmonary infections continue to be a significant problem in patients immunosuppressed by cancer or by drugs given for malignancy, or rheumatologic or dermatologic problems. for the neutropenic patient, single-drug rather than combination antibiotic therapy is being increasingly used. the role of growth factors is also being defined. the availability of the new azoles and of alternative forms of amphotericin b have increased treatment options, particularly for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. p ... | 1995 | 9363054 |
| respiratory infections in patients with hiv. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia has long been considered the predominant pulmonary disease in patients with hiv, but several factors are changing this perception. the population infected with hiv is increasingly composed of injection drug users, and racial and ethnic minorities, which represent groups that have a high incidence of bacterial pneumonia and tuberculosis. the increased longevity attributed to antiretroviral therapy and p. carinii pneumonia prophylaxis is accompanied by more profound ... | 1995 | 9363056 |
| the etiology and treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax. | in the past year, studies on spontaneous pneumothorax have focused on etiology and treatment. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease remains the most common cause of secondary spontaneous pneumothorax. however, pneumocystis carinii infections in patients who have aids have become the leading cause of spontaneous pneumothorax in a population where its prevalence is high. one of the treatment modalities of spontaneous pneumothorax is tube thoracostomy with the instillation of tetracycline as the sc ... | 1995 | 9363073 |
| prevention of community-acquired and nosocomial pneumonia. | pneumonia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the united states. the provision of effective prophylaxis for pneumonia has become a major goal for both public health officials and individual physicians. prophylaxis for community-acquired pneumonia is pathogen-specific and is directed toward the most common microorganisms that cause it. the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine; the trivalent influenza vaccine; the haemophilus b conjugate vaccine; and either trimethoprim-su ... | 1996 | 9363144 |
| respiratory infections in patients with hiv infection. | changes in epidemiology have influenced the spectrum of pulmonary diseases in hiv-infected populations. the increasing proportion of patients with aids who are intravenous drug users and members of racial or ethnic minorities correlate with increasing cases of bacterial pneumonia and tuberculosis. both of these infections also occur more frequently with advanced immunosuppression. antipneumocystis prophylaxis is also reducing the incidence and mortality rate from this infection, but when respira ... | 1996 | 9363146 |
| respiratory infections in hiv-negative immunocompromised patients. | the number of immunosuppressed patients is increasing, with many being managed by community physicians. encouraging success in vaccinating some patients with hodgkin's disease against encapsulated organisms has been reported. the significance of and management of tuberculosis in solid organ transplants is being defined. fungal infection remains a problem, but pathogenesis and treatment are being clarified. the overall incidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is low, but it is being seen in pa ... | 1996 | 9363147 |
| non-invasive diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by pcr on oral washes. | 1997 | 9365452 | |
| [clinical and therapeutic aspects of spontaneous pneumothorax in human immunodeficiency virus infection: 9 cases]. | spontaneous pneumothorax in hiv infected patients are mostly due to a sub-pleural necrotizing pneumonitis most often related to pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. from our experience of nine patients and a review of the literature, we describe the clinical characteristics and therapeutic management and confirm the frequent failure of simple chest tube drainage and the high morbidity and mortality rate despite treatment. an aggressive stepped-care management of thoracoscopic talc poudrage as initial ... | 1997 | 9365734 |
| [dilated cardiomyopathy and selenium deficiency in aids. apropos of a case]. | cardiac-related death of hiv-positive patients is not rare. the etiology of aids-associated dilated cardiomyopathies often remains unknown, even at autopsy. we report an observation associated to a severe deficit in selenium. the patient had been diagnosed as hiv-positive 2 years before. he presented pneumocystis carinii pneumonia then cryptococcus meningitis. two months later he was hospitalized for pancreatitis and cachexia. he presented global heart failure that lead to death. no microorganis ... | 1997 | 9365739 |
| has the rate of progression to aids changed in recent years? | to investigate whether the rate of progression to aids has changed over time by testing an effect of the year of seroconversion on aids onset (centers for disease control and prevention 1987 revised classification), next to an effect of the calendar period of follow-up. | 1997 | 9365766 |
| en bloc heart and lung transplantation in finland 1988-1996. | the purpose of the study was to review the first clinical experience in combined heart-lung transplantation in our institution. | 1997 | 9366984 |
| salmonella lung involvement in patients with hiv infection. | to determine the frequency, clinical features, and outcome of lung involvement in hiv-infected patients having nontyphoid strains of salmonella bacteremia. | 1997 | 9367457 |
| bronchiectasis in pediatric aids. | there are several reports of the pulmonary findings in children with hiv disease; however, the occurrence of bronchiectasis rarely has been noted. we evaluated occurrence of bronchiectasis in a large group of children referred to us with aids pneumopathy. | 1997 | 9367458 |
| detection of pneumocystis carinii by dna amplification in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients. | the opportunistic pathogen pneumocystis carinii (pc) is a frequent cause of a life-threatening pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected individuals and in other immunocompromised hosts. specimens obtained from 128 bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid samples from 123 hiv-positive patients with pulmonary disease and undergoing a diagnostic bronchoscopy were evaluated to detect this organism. we have developed a rapid dna extraction procedure for nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr ... | 1997 | 9368080 |
| in vitro preclinical evaluation studies with the echinocandin antifungal mk-0991 (l-743,872). | the echinocandin mk-0991, formerly l-743,872, is a water-soluble lipopeptide that has been demonstrated in preclinical studies to have potent activity against candida spp., aspergillus fumigatus, and pneumocystis carinii. an extensive in vitro biological evaluation of mk-0991 was performed to better define the potential activities of this novel compound. susceptibility testing with mk-0991 against approximately 200 clinical isolates of candida, cryptococcus neoformans, and aspergillus isolates w ... | 1997 | 9371328 |
| iron chelation therapy. | iron chelation therapy is essential to prevent death from cardiac toxicity in patients with thalassemia major or other severe refractory anemias who need regular blood transfusions. iron chelating drugs also have potential for clinical use as antiproliferative agents in neoplastic diseases and to reduce free radical-induced tissue damage in rheumatoid arthritis, anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity, and reperfusion injury. experimental data and clinical trials also suggest they may have therapeu ... | 1995 | 9371986 |
| torsades de pointes complicating pentamidine therapy of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in acute myelogenous leukemia. | pentamidine isethionate induced torsades de pointes in a 33-year-old woman with acute myelogenous leukemia. this is the first report of pentamidine-induced torsades de pointes in japan for over ten years. on the 4th day of intravenous pentamidine for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, asymptomatic sinus bradycardia was noted with qt interval prolongation, and torsades de pointes were revealed on the 8th day. although torsades de pointes was dissolved with discontinuation of the intravenous pentamid ... | 1997 | 9372331 |
| in-vitro activity of topoisomerase inhibitors against pneumocystis carinii. | the activity of eight topoisomerase inhibitors was investigated against five clinical isolates of pneumocystis carinii. susceptibility tests were performed by inoculation of the organisms on to a cell monolayer and parasites were counted after 72 h incubation at 37 degrees c. culture plates were added with dulbecco's modified eagle's medium containing serial dilutions of lomefloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, pefloxacin, rufloxacin, camptothecin, amsacrine and etoposide. atovaquone, pentamide ise ... | 1997 | 9372430 |
| pneumocystis carinii infection of the conjunctiva in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. | ocular disease, especially the development of choroidal lesions, is a known extrapulmonary manifestation of pneumocystis carinii infection in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). to our knowledge, conjunctival involvement due to p. carinii has not been described previously. | 1997 | 9373116 |
| analysis of cytokine mrna profiles in the lungs of pneumocystis carinii-infected mice. | severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mice lack functional cd4+ lymphocytes, and therefore develop life-threatening pneumocystis carinii infection. however, when scid mice are immunologically reconstituted with spleen cells, including cd4+ cells, a protective inflammatory response is mounted against the organism. to determine whether these lymphocytes induce elevated cytokine mrna levels in response to p. carinii infection, steady-state levels of cytokine mrnas were measured in the lungs of bot ... | 1997 | 9376124 |
| [value of high-resolution ct of the lungs in acute pulmonary symptoms of patients with hiv infections]. | purpose: the purpose of this study was to assess the clinical value of hrct of the lung in patients with known hiv-infection and acute lung disease. in a prospective study a hrct was performed in 31 patients infected with the hiv-1 virus, mainly stage c (cdc), who had acute pulmonary symptoms. precondition for the hrct examination was a normal or non-specific chest radiograph. a provoked sputum as well as bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage and/or transbronchial biopsy were performed concur ... | 1997 | 9376549 |
| trends in incidence of aids illnesses in australia from 1983 to 1994: the australian aids cohort. | to assess time trends in incidence of aids illnesses in australia, a retrospective cohort of people diagnosed with aids from january 1, 1983 to december 31, 1994 in three hiv medicine units in sydney, melbourne, and perth was established. data on initial and subsequent aids illnesses were available for 2580 aids cases, or 45% of australian aids notifications over the study period. males represented 97.2% of the cohort, and hiv exposure category was homosexual contact for 89.9%. subcohorts were f ... | 1997 | 9377123 |
| causes of death of hiv-infected persons in ottawa, ontario, 1984-1995. | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) has become a leading cause of death of young men in the united states. with the introduction of prophylaxes and antiretrovirals for opportunistic infection, there have been significant changes in the clinical history of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. | 1997 | 9382662 |
| pulmonary aspergillosis in acquired immune deficiency syndrome: autopsy study of an emerging pulmonary complication of human immunodeficiency virus infection. | pulmonary aspergillosis has recently been described as an emerging infection in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids), but the pathological changes have not been well documented. in this autopsy study, 17 cases of aids-related pulmonary aspergillosis were identified from the files of two institutions. with the exception of hypersensitivity reactions, the entire spectrum of pulmonary aspergillosis was represented. thirteen patients exhibited acute invasive aspergillosis, and se ... | 1997 | 9385932 |
| lung and chest wall mechanics in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | the aim of this study was to assess the mechanical characteristics of the respiratory system in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards) caused by pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). in 12 mechanically ventilated patients, total respiratory system mechanics was assessed using the technique of rapid airway occlusion during constant flow inflation, and was partitioned into lung and chest wall components using the oesophageal balloon ... | 1997 | 9387963 |
| regional differences in use of antiretroviral agents and primary prophylaxis in 3122 european hiv-infected patients. eurosida study group. | little is known about how widely hiv-related drugs are used outside controlled clinical trials. we therefore assessed factors associated with use of antiretroviral (arv) therapy and primary prophylactic regimens to prevent hiv-associated opportunistic infections. baseline data from a prospective study from may to august 1994, on 3122 consecutive hiv infected patients with a cd4 count <500 cells/microl, followed in 37 centers from 16 european countries, were analyzed. two thousand and twenty pati ... | 1997 | 9390566 |
| genetic and antigenic variation in pneumocystis carinii organisms: tools for examining the epidemiology and pathogenesis of infection. | 1997 | 9390633 | |
| protection against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by antibodies generated from either t helper 1 or t helper 2 responses. | to determine whether different antibody isotypes associated with t helper 1 (th1) or th2 responses are protective against pneumocystis carinii, mice with disrupted interleukin 4 genes (il-4(-/-) mice) or gamma interferon genes (ifn-gamma(-/-) mice) along with wild-type c57bl/6 mice were immunized intratracheally against p. carinii, depleted of t cells in vivo by use of monoclonal antibodies, and rechallenged intratracheally with 10(7) viable p. carinii organisms. nearly all immunized mice resolv ... | 1997 | 9393795 |
| prohibitin, a putative negative control element present in pneumocystis carinii. | little is known about the molecules involved in the regulation of pneumocystis carinii replication and development in vitro and in vivo. we describe in this report the identification of a p. carinii gene encoding the p. carinii prohibitin protein. in mammals, the prohibitin gene product has been shown to negatively regulate cell proliferation. a cdna clone encoding the p. carinii prohibitin gene was isolated from a p. carinii cdna library and identified on the basis of amino acid sequence homolo ... | 1997 | 9393805 |
| short- and long-term efficacy of cyclosporin administration in patients with acute severe ulcerative colitis. belgian ibd group. | cyclosporin (csa) has been proposed in the management of patients with acute ulcerative colitis (uc) in whom standard therapy failed and who were candidates for colectomy. seven academic hospitals contributed to this retrospective study that included 29 patients (median age: 33 y. (15-74 y.); 12 females and 17 males). the median duration of the disease was 4 y. (0.3 to 33 y.). before initiating csa, patients were unresponsive to treatment including i.v. corticosteroids (n = 29), 5-asa or salazop ... | 1997 | 9396174 |
| pulmonary complications after bone marrow transplantation: high-resolution ct and pathologic findings. | a wide variety of pulmonary complications occur in bone marrow transplant (bmt) recipients and are a major cause of morbidity and death. high-resolution computed tomography (ct) is excellent in the detection of pulmonary abnormalities, but these findings are generally nonspecific. however, the different complications, which reflect the immunologic status of the patients, occur in three phases. this pattern can be used to interpret ct scans. the neutropenic phase (up to 3 weeks after bmt) is char ... | 1997 | 9397451 |
| a pneumocystis carinii group i intron ribozyme that does not require 2' oh groups on its 5' exon mimic for binding to the catalytic core. | the recent increase in the population of immunocompromised patients has led to an insurgence of opportunistic human fungal infections. the lack of effective treatments against some of these pathogens makes it important to develop new therapeutic strategies. one such strategy is to target key rnas with antisense compounds. we report the development of a model system for studying the potential for antisense targeting of group i self-splicing introns in fungal pathogens. the group i intron from the ... | 1997 | 9398259 |
| typing of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis by single-strand conformation polymorphism of four genomic regions. | to better investigate pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis epidemiology, we have developed a molecular typing method. because of the limited genetic variability of the p. carinii hominis genome, a multitarget approach was used. four variable regions of the genome were amplified by pcr, polymorphism in each region was assessed by the single-strand conformation polymorphism (sscp) technique, and the results for the four regions of each patient were combined. bronchoalveolar lavage specimens collect ... | 1997 | 9399499 |
| paediatric hiv update. | less than half of the paediatric hiv infections recorded in australia have resulted from perinatal transmission, but in recent years this has been the predominant mode of infection. there are 136 infants who are known to have been exposed perinatally to hiv in australia: 49 of these are infected. caesarean section is thought now not to reduce the risk of perinatal transmission (pnt); rather, the risk increases with duration of membrane rupture and rises rapidly after 4 h of membrane rupture. how ... | 1997 | 9401877 |
| intensified therapy for infants with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results from the dana-farber cancer institute consortium. | infants with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all) have a very poor prognosis. since 1985, we have intensified therapy for infants with all by including a month of high dose multiagent chemotherapy after remission induction. | 1997 | 9404706 |
| dapsone for pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis in children undergoing bone marrow transplantation. | children who undergo bone marrow transplantation (bmt) are at risk for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). prophylaxis using trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (tmp/smx) is highly effective but the incidence of adverse drug reactions is significant. we retrospectively reviewed 33 pediatric bmt (25 allogeneic and eight autologous) in whom dapsone was used for pcp prophylaxis because patients were unable to receive tmp/smx. dapsone was administered at 50 mg/m2 p.o. once a week from engraftment to 180 ... | 1997 | 9404930 |
| diagnostic strategies in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | pneumocystis carinii (p. carinii) remains a major pulmonary pathogen for the immunocompromised patient. in hiv infected patients, p. carinii represents the most commonly diagnosed cause of pneumonia. in the aids patient, empiric therapy based on clinical presentation has its proponents. however, this approach has been associated with a worse overall prognosis for the at risk patient. because p. carinii can not be cultured, specific identification relies on examining respiratory specimens ranging ... | 1998 | 9405333 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae respiratory infections among patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. | thirteen cases of chlamydia pneumoniae infection in patients seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) are described. the occurrence, the clinical spectrum, and the significance of the infection during hiv disease are compared with data reported in the literature. chlamydia pneumoniae infection was established by a serologic micro-immunofluorescence test using standard diagnostic criteria. in four cases the results of serological tests were confirmed by direct immunofluorescence on ... | 1997 | 9405940 |
| pulmonary coinfection by salmonella enteritidis and pneumocystis carinii in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | 1997 | 9405954 | |
| pulmonary diseases in children with severe combined immune deficiency and digeorge syndrome. | pulmonary disease is a common presenting feature and complication of t-cell immunodeficiency. we retrospectively reviewed 15 children with severe combined immune deficiency (scid) and 19 children with digeorge syndrome at the time of their first presentation to the royal children's hospital in the 15-year period from 1981 to 1995. in children with scid, pulmonary disease was a common (67%) presenting feature and the organisms identified were pneumocystis carinii (pcp) (n = 7), bacteria (n = 4), ... | 1997 | 9407565 |
| surfactant therapy improves pulmonary function in infants with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is an important cause of acute respiratory failure in hiv-infected children. pcp may initiate acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards) by adversely affecting surfactant physiology. we report improved pulmonary function following administration of bovine lipid extract surfactant to two infants with aids-related pcp/ards. | 1997 | 9407571 |
| [intensive care for patients with the human immunodeficiency virus]. | hiv infection is of special importance in spain, occasionally requiring the use of intensive care units (icu) in the management of these cases. | 1997 | 9410051 |
| epstein-barr virus-related hodgkin's disease showing b cell lineage in an immunosuppressive patient seropositive for htlv-i. | a case of hodgkin's disease (hd), lymphocyte depression (ld) type in an immunosuppressive patient is described. the patient was a 48-year-old male and his parents were born in the kyushu area, which is an endemic area for adult t cell lymphoma/leukemia (atl). he was seropositive for atl virus (atlv, also referred to as htlv-i) and showed a marked immunosuppressive condition. he developed ld-hd and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and died due to respiratory failure. the immunohistochemical and in ... | 1997 | 9413042 |
| pneumocystis carinii infection in heart transplant recipients. efficacy of a weekend prophylaxis schedule. | most series of heart transplant patients report incidences of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) below 5% but do not individually describe the cases. from august 1988 to march 1994, 138 patients received 1 or more heart transplants at our institution. no anti-pcp chemoprophylaxis was provided, and 5 (3.6%) patients developed pcp. incidence for listeriosis was 0.7% and for nocardiosis, 3.6%. we found descriptions of 14 more heart transplant patients with pcp in the medical literature. data from ... | 1997 | 9413427 |
| natural history and spectrum of disease in adults with hiv/aids in africa. | progression from seroconversion to the development of aids in africa may be shorter than in industrialized countries, but there are insufficient data to be certain. although the data are not always directly comparable, survival after an aids diagnosis appears to be substantially shorter in african countries and this may be partly because of later diagnosis of aids in africa, but may also be because of environmental factors such as increased exposure to pathogens of high virulence and lack of acc ... | 1997 | 9416366 |
| a prospective, multicenter, randomized trial comparing steroids and pulse cyclophosphamide versus steroids and oral cyclophosphamide in the treatment of generalized wegener's granulomatosis. | to investigate the effectiveness and side effects of oral versus pulse cyclophosphamide (cyc) in combination with corticosteroids (cs) in the treatment of systemic wegener's granulomatosis (wg). | 1997 | 9416856 |
| pneumocystis carinii glycoprotein a inhibits surfactant phospholipid secretion by rat alveolar type ii cells. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) remains a major cause of morbidity in aids. the pathogenesis of pcp is poorly understood, but evidence of surfactant abnormalities is mounting. the role of the major surface glycoprotein of p. carinii, gpa, in producing surfactant abnormalities was investigated. rat type ii pneumocytes were incubated with [3h]choline, purified gpa, and modulators. lipid was extracted, and [3h]dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (dppc) secretion was calculated. contaminating endot ... | 1998 | 9419186 |
| proliferative and cytokine responses of human t lymphocytes isolated from human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients to the major surface glycoprotein of pneumocystis carinii. | the current study examined the proliferative capacity and cytokine secretion pattern of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1)-infected patients in response to the major surface glycoprotein (msg) of pneumocystis carinii. pbmc from aids patients with <200 cd4 cells/ml had significantly less proliferative responses to msg than did healthy controls. cytokine analysis indicated that interferon-gamma secreted in response to msg was also significant ... | 1998 | 9419198 |
| outline of the human retrovirus registry: profile of a puerto rican hiv infected population. | to present the general socio-demographic profile, some risk related parameters and elements of the clinical spectrum of disease at presentation, of those hiv/aids patients enrolled in the human retrovirus registry. | 1997 | 9419928 |
| activated pulmonary macrophages are insufficient for resistance against pneumocystis carinii. | cd4+ t cells are pivotal for elimination of pneumocystis carinii from infected lungs, and alveolar macrophages are considered the main effector cells clearing the infected host of p. carinii organisms. to investigate this issue, several mutant mouse strains were used in a previously established experimental setup which facilitates natural acquisition of disease through inhalation of airborne fungal organisms. mutant mice deficient in major histocompatibility complex class ii molecules (a beta(-/ ... | 1998 | 9423872 |
| [cystic form of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. | in rare instances pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) can occur in a cystic form, characterized by an acute course. the correct diagnosis is often missed. an analysis of a large cohort of patients with pcp was undertaken to determine the incidence and clinical manifestations of this form of the disease. | 1997 | 9424421 |
| pleural disease and acquired immune deficiency syndrome. | patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) do not frequently have pleural complications. however, pneumothorax is a troublesome complication of patients with aids. at some medical centres, more than 50% of patients with spontaneous pneumothorax have aids. most patients with spontaneous pneumothorax and aids have pneumocystis carinii infection and necrotic subpleural blebs. the pneumothoraces in these patients usually cannot be managed with tube thoracostomy alone. patients who do n ... | 1997 | 9426107 |
| characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus-infected children at the time of death: an experience in the 1990s. | to describe the changes in the characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-related deaths in children with perinatally acquired infection. | 1997 | 9427460 |
| partial sequence of the rrna operon of pneumocystis carinii isolates from puerto rico. | several reports indicate geographic variation of isolates of pneumocystis carinii hominis. we have sequenced the internal transcribed spacer (its) region and large subunit group i intron of rrna genes from p. carinii dna obtained from two patients from puerto rico. both can be subclassified as type ii, according to the sequence of the its region. a system capable of identifying individual isolates will be an essential tool for epidemiological studies of the organism. the amplification of dna fro ... | 1997 | 9431562 |
| pre-aids era isolates of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis: high genotype similarity with contemporary isolates. | isolates of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis were examined from six individuals who died of p. carinii pneumonia between 1968 and 1981 and who had underlying immunodeficiencies which were not due to human immunodeficiency virus infection. dna sequence variation was analyzed in the genes encoding the mitochondrial large subunit rrna (mt lsu rrna), the internal transcribed spacer (its) regions of the nuclear rrna, the arom locus, and the mitochondrial small subunit rrna. no major variations wer ... | 1998 | 9431927 |
| risk factors and outcome of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with sporadic multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in new york city. | an 880 bed university teaching hospital in new york city. | 1997 | 9432387 |
| spontaneous pneumothorax in infants: a 10-year review. | to document the number of infants with spontaneous pneumothorax (sp) and determine the association of any underlying pathologic processes in the lung with sp. | 1997 | 9435001 |
| disseminated infection with bacillus calmette-guerin in a child with advanced hiv disease. | an 8-month-old boy with vertically acquired hiv-infection who developed a disseminated bcg infection is described. the patient had been immunized at birth with bcg. in spite of a normal cd-4 lymphocyte count, he suffered from fever, anaemia and failure to thrive. bcg was isolated by culture from csf, bone marrow and peripheral blood. anti-tuberculous treatment initially seemed successful, but shortly after, the patient died from pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. in symptomatic hiv-infected childre ... | 1997 | 9435049 |
| pneumocystis carinii induces icam-1 expression in lung epithelial cells through a tnf-alpha-mediated mechanism. | inflammatory cell recruitment contributes to respiratory impairment during pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. we evaluated expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (icam-1), a key participant in leukocyte accumulation, in rats with p. carinii pneumonia. immunostaining for icam-1 was most marked on bronchiolar epithelium but was also evident on type ii pneumocytes, endothelium, and macrophages. lung from normal and dexamethasone-treated uninfected animals exhibited markedly less icam-1. we hy ... | 1997 | 9435563 |
| 2,5-bis[4-(n-alkylamidino)phenyl]furans as anti-pneumocystis carinii agents. | the syntheses of 12 new 2,5-bis[4-(n-alkylamidino)phenyl]furans are reported. the interaction of these dicationic furans with poly(da-dt) and with the duplex oligomer d(cgcgaattcgcg)2 was determined by tm measurements, and the effectiveness of these compounds against the immunosuppressed rat model of pneumocystis carinii was evaluated. at the screening dose of 10 mumol/kg, 9 of the 14 n-alkylamidino furans described here are more active than the parent compound 1. substitution of an alkyl group ... | 1998 | 9438029 |
| the cost-effectiveness of preventing aids-related opportunistic infections. | multiple options are now available for prophylaxis of opportunistic infections related to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). however, because of differences in incidence rates as well as drug efficacy, toxicity, and costs, the role of different types of prophylaxis remains uncertain. | 1998 | 9440663 |
| pulmonary high-resolution computed tomography versus gallium scintigraphy: diagnostic utility in the diagnosis of patients with aids who have chest symptoms and normal or equivocal chest radiographs. | fifty-six consecutive symptomatic patients with aids referred for gallium scintigraphy were prospectively studied with chest high-resolution computed tomography (hrct). results of gallium and hrct were correlated with findings of bronchoscopy or clinical follow-up for 1 month from time of discharge. twenty-two patients were eventually diagnosed with at least one of the following: pneumocystis carinii, cytomegalovirus, mycobacterium avium complex, bacteria, kaposi's sarcoma, or lymphocytic inters ... | 1998 | 9440841 |
| intravenous pentamidine as an alternate for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis in children with hiv infection. | 1997 | 9443273 | |
| [hiv-associated lung diseases]. | over two-thirds of all hiv-infected individuals have an associated pulmonary disease. the following causes are frequently observed: bacterial infection (streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and mycobacteria), protozoal infection (pneumocystis carinii), fungal infection (cryptococcus neoformans and histoplasma capsulatum), viral infection (cytomegalovirus), tumors (kaposi's sarcoma) and pneumonitis. for diagnosis and patients' immune status, imaging techniques, and microbiological, cy ... | 1997 | 9446191 |