Publications

TitleAbstractYear
Filter
PMID(sorted ascending)
Filter
defensins versus bacteria: not just antibiotics anymore. 200818486618
[toxic megacolon secondary to clostridium difficile-associated pseudomembranous colitis].a 78-year-old male without pre-existing comorbidity who underwent revision of a hip arthroplasty developed abdominal pain and distension, diarrhoeas, pyrexia and leucocytosis after only 5 days' postoperative treatment with cefuroxime and gentamycine. abdominal computed tomography demonstrated severe colonic dilation, inflammation and oedema consistent with toxic megacolon. stool samples were positive for clostridium difficile. oral vancomycine treatment and colonic decompression were inefficient ...200818489880
community-onset clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea not associated with antibiotic usage--two case reports with review of the changing epidemiology of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea.the emergence of hypervirulent strains of clostridium difficile causing outbreaks in hospitals and nursing homes may result in a greater than before spread of the bacterium in the community. by consequence, the incidence of community-onset cases of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea (cdad) may increase outside known risk groups that are currently characterised by prior hospitalisation, prior antibiotic usage, older age and significant comorbidity. here, we describe two case histories of ...200818490799
decreased effectiveness of metronidazole for the treatment of clostridium difficile infection? 200818491959
comparison of clinical and microbiological response to treatment of clostridium difficile-associated disease with metronidazole and vancomycin.there have been recent reports of frequent treatment failure associated with the use of metronidazole for treatment of clostridium difficile-associated disease. we tested the hypothesis that treatment failure with metronidazole is associated with a suboptimal microbiological response in comparison with that of vancomycin.200818491964
[diarrhoea caused by clostridium difficile in patients with postoperative subhepatic abscess].toxigenic strains of clostridium difficile in the majority of cases cause disease of the intestinal tract of hospitalized patients. for a long time, clostridium difficile was considered to produce both types of toxins (a+/b+ strain), however, the investigations conducted in the last ten years point to the existence of clinically significant isolates which produce only toxin b, i. e. toxin a negative/toxin b positive (a-/b+ strain) clostridium difficile.200818494275
an overview of harms associated with beta-lactam antimicrobials: where do the carbapenems fit in?the us institute of medicine's focus on patient safety has motivated hospital administrators to facilitate a culture of safety. as a result, subcommittees of the pharmacy and therapeutics committee have emerged in many hospitals to focus on adverse events and patient safety. antimicrobial harms have gained the attention of practicing clinicians and hospital formulary committees, because they top the list of drugs that are associated with adverse events and because of certain serious harms that h ...200818495060
rho-family gtpases modulate ca(2+) -dependent atp release from astrocytes.previously, we reported that activation of g protein-coupled receptors (gpcr) in 1321n1 human astrocytoma cells elicits a rapid release of atp that is partially dependent on a g(q)/phophospholipase c (plc)/ca(2+) mobilization signaling cascade. in this study we assessed the role of rho-family gtpase signaling as an additional pathway for the regulation of atp release in response to activation of protease-activated receptor-1 (par1), lysophosphatidic acid receptor (lpar), and m3-muscarinic (m3r) ...200818495810
open-label, dose escalation phase i study in healthy volunteers to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics of a human monoclonal antibody to clostridium difficile toxin a.recent data suggest that clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea is becoming more severe and difficult to treat. antibody responses to c. difficile toxin a are protective against symptomatic disease and recurrence. we examined the safety and pharmacokinetics (pk) of a novel neutralizing human monoclonal antibody against c. difficile toxin a (cda1) in healthy adults.200818502001
increasing seroprevalence of clostridium difficile in an adult danish general population.the incidence of clostridium difficile-associated infections is increasing, but it remains to be defined whether any change in the seroprevalence of c. difficile has also occurred. in a population-based study of the general adult population, 734 subjects, aged 15-69 years, were examined on two occasions 8 years apart (1990 and 1998) for the presence of antibodies against c. difficile in serum. the overall seroprevalence of c. difficile increased significantly from 19% in 1990 to 27% in 1998 (p<0 ...200918503728
essential role of toxin a in c. difficile 027 and reference strain supernatant-mediated disruption of caco-2 intestinal epithelial barrier function.clostridium difficile induces mucosal inflammation via secreted toxins a and b and initial interactions between the toxins and intestinal epithelial cells (which lead to loss of barrier function) are believed to be important in disease pathogenesis. secreted toxin-specific antibodies may inhibit such interactions. using the caco-2 epithelial cell line, we have investigated the use of an anti-toxin a monoclonal antibody (ataa) in providing protection against toxin a-mediated disruption of epithel ...200818505424
comparative genomic analysis of the gut bacterium bifidobacterium longum reveals loci susceptible to deletion during pure culture growth.bifidobacteria are frequently proposed to be associated with good intestinal health primarily because of their overriding dominance in the feces of breast fed infants. however, clinical feeding studies with exogenous bifidobacteria show they don't remain in the intestine, suggesting they may lose competitive fitness when grown outside the gut.200818505588
inhibition of the glucosyltransferase activity of clostridial rho/ras-glucosylating toxins by castanospermine.castanospermine was identified as an inhibitor of the rho/ras-glucosylating clostridium sordellii lethal toxin and clostridium difficile toxin b. microinjection of castanospermine into embryonic bovine lung cells prevented the cytotoxic effects of toxins. the crystal structure of the glucosyltransferase domain of c. sordellii lethal toxin in complex with castanospermine, udp and a calcium ion was solved at a resolution of 2.3a. the inhibitor binds in a conformation that brings its four hydroxyl ...200818505687
absence of gastrointestinal infections in a cohort of patients with zollinger-ellison syndrome and other acid hypersecretors receiving long-term acid suppression with lansoprazole.the relationship between proton pump inhibitor therapy and other acid suppressing medications and the risk of gastrointestinal infections remains controversial.200818507843
increase in adult clostridium difficile-related hospitalizations and case-fatality rate, united states, 2000-2005.virulence of and deaths from clostridium difficile-associated disease (cdad) are on the rise in the united states. the incidence of adult cdad hospitalizations doubled from 5.5 cases per 10,000 population in 2000 to 11.2 in 2005, and the cdad-related age-adjusted case-fatality rate rose from 1.2% in 2000 to 2.2% in 2004.200818507904
functional properties of the carboxy-terminal host cell-binding domains of the two toxins, tcda and tcdb, expressed by clostridium difficile.the biological and ligand-binding properties of recombinant c-terminal cell-binding domains (cbds) and subdomains of the two large exotoxins, toxin a (tcda) and toxin b (tcdb) expressed by clostridium difficile were examined in the hemagglutination and verocytotoxicity neutralization assays and by qualitative affinity chromatography using sepharose-linked alpha gal(1,3)betagal(1,4)beta glc as well as the direct electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (es-ms) assay. these studies revealed that, ...200818509107
clinical microbiology and infectious diseases (eccmid)--18th european congress. new antimicrobial agents: selected poster presentations. 200818509778
clinical microbiology and infectious diseases (eccmid)--18th european congress. drug resistance among gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. 200818509779
diagnostic value of five commercial tests for the rapid diagnosis of clostridium difficile-associated disease.we compared five commercial immunoassays (biostar oia cdtox ab, immunocard toxins a&b - meridian, xpect c. difficile toxin a/b -remel, c. difficile toxin a test- oxoid, and tox a/b quik chek- techlab) which allow a rapid diagnosis of c. difficile associated disease. the tests were performed directly on patient's stool specimen submitted for routine investigation of c. difficile infection from two university hospitals in brussels. the cell cytotoxicity assay was considered as the gold standard. o ...200818510038
clostridium difficile infection: a critical overview.clostridium difficile is a gram-positive, spore-forming, toxin-producing anaerobic bacillus identified as the causal agent of a variety of manifestations typically isolated to the colon, but in its severe form, it can lead to sepsis and death. c. difficile infection due to a toxin gene variant strain (bi/nap1) has been identified at the center of outbreaks and has resulted in increased mortality. many questions remain as to how this strain appeared so quickly and has harmed or killed so many pat ...200818510876
different ribotypes in community-acquired clostridium difficile. 200818511151
molecular analysis of the digestive microbiota in a gnotobiotic mouse model during antibiotic treatment: influence of saccharomyces boulardii.the probiotic saccharomyces boulardii is a non-pathogenic yeast that has been proven efficient in the prevention of antimicrobial-associated diarrhea and of clostridium difficile associated colitis. we evaluated the influence of the administration of s. boulardii on the composition of the fecal microbiota in a human microbiota-associated mouse model. this evaluation was run before, during and after a 7-day oral treatment with amoxicillin clavulanic acid. predominant groups of bacteria were quant ...200818511310
report names hospitals with highest proportions of deaths related to mrsa and c difficile. 200818511792
a national survey of the prevalence and impact of clostridium difficile infection among hospitalized inflammatory bowel disease patients.we sought to determine nationwide, population-based trends in rates of clostridium difficile (c. difficile) infection among hospitalized inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) patients in the united states, and to determine its mortality and economic impact.200818513271
effect of telephoned notification of positive clostridium difficile test results on the time to the ordering of antimicrobial therapy.the time between electronic-medical-record reporting of a positive result of a test for clostridium difficile toxin in stool and the ordering of antimicrobial therapy was compared during consecutive periods when results were not telephoned (n = 274) and when results were telephoned (n = 90) to the clinical service. the mean times to the ordering of antimicrobial therapy were 11.9 and 3.6 hours, respectively (p < .001).200818518668
outcome of colectomy for clostridium difficile colitis: a plea for early surgical management.fulminant clostridium difficile colitis is a common nosocomial infection that occurs with increasing frequency.200818519126
probiotics for children with diarrhea: an update.this review focuses on the efficacy of probiotics for diarrhea in children in different settings: day-care centers, diarrhea acquired in the hospital, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, and treatment of acute infectious diarrhea. for prevention of diarrhea acquired in day-care centers, 5 randomized and placebo-controlled trials have been published. probiotics tested were lactobacillus gg, bifidobacterium lactis (alone or in combination with streptococcus thermophilus), and lactobacillus reuteri. th ...200818520336
clostridium difficile enteritis following total colectomy. 200818524025
clostridium difficile infection after total joint arthroplasty: who is at risk?clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea is a recognized postoperative complication. however, the exact risk factors for this condition after total joint arthroplasty (tja) remain unknown. this case-controlled study intended to identify the predisposing factors for this condition. there were 16 cases of c difficile infections after 9880 tja (0.16% incidence) between january 2001 and may 2006 at our institution. the cases were matched with 32 controls for month/year of surgery and surgeon. this ...200818534454
antimicrobial efficacy of copper surfaces against spores and vegetative cells of clostridium difficile: the germination theory.persistent contamination of surfaces by spores of clostridium difficile is a major factor influencing the spread of c. difficile-associated diarrhoea (cdad) in the clinical setting. in recent years, the antimicrobial efficacy of metal surfaces has been investigated against microorganisms including methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. this study compared the survival of c. difficile on stainless steel, a metal contact surface widely used in hospitals, and copper surfaces.200818544601
role of probiotics in antibiotic-associated diarrhea, clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, and recurrent clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea.the role of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, clostridium difficile diarrhea, and recurrent c. difficile diarrhea is reviewed. various probiotics have variable efficacy. more studies are needed to define further their efficacies, roles, and indications.200818545161
hospital infection society prevalence survey of healthcare associated infection 2006: comparison of results between northern ireland and the republic of ireland.as part of the third healthcare associated infection (hcai) prevalence survey of the united kingdom and ireland, hcai point prevalence surveys were carried out in northern ireland (ni) and the republic of ireland (roi). here we explore the potential benefits of comparing results from two countries with different healthcare systems, which employed similar methodologies and identical hcai definitions. forty-four acute adult hospitals in the roi and 15 in ni participated with a total of 11 185 pati ...200818547678
intra-abdominal vagal blocking (vbloc therapy): clinical results with a new implantable medical device.a new medical device uses high-frequency electrical algorithms to create intermittent vagal blocking (vbloc therapy). the aim is to assess the effects of vagal blocking on excess weight loss (ewl), safety, dietary intake, and vagal function.200818549888
four country healthcare associated infection prevalence survey 2006: overview of the results.a survey of adult patients was conducted in february 2006 to may 2006 in acute hospitals across england, wales, northern ireland and the republic of ireland to estimate the prevalence of healthcare-associated infections (hcais). a total of 75 694 patients were surveyed; 5743 of these had hcais, giving a prevalence of 7.59% (95% confidence interval: 7.40-7.78). hcai prevalence in england was 8.19%, in wales 6.35%, in northern ireland 5.43% and in the republic of ireland 4.89%. the most common hca ...200818550218
toxigenic and non-toxigenic clostridium difficile: determinants of intestinal colonisation and role in childhood atopic manifestations. 200818559395
rifampin and rifaximin resistance in clinical isolates of clostridium difficile.rifaximin, a poorly absorbed rifamycin derivative, is a promising alternative for the treatment of clostridium difficile infections. resistance to this agent has been reported, but no commercial test for rifaximin resistance exists and the molecular basis of this resistance has not been previously studied in c. difficile. to evaluate whether the rifampin etest would be a suitable substitute for rifaximin susceptibility testing in the clinical setting, we analyzed the in vitro rifaximin susceptib ...200818559647
ontario's hospitals surpass those of quebec in c. difficile rates. 200818559796
epidemiology of clostridium difficile-associated disease at university hospital basel including molecular characterisation of the isolates 2006-2007.a prospective study was conducted during a one-year period between 2006 and 2007 to describe the epidemiology of clostridium difficile-associated disease (cdad) at university hospital basel, switzerland (uhbs) and to determine phenotypic and genotypic features of c. difficile strains isolated at the microbiology laboratory uhbs including strains from regional non-university hospitals. we prospectively identified 78 cdad cases at uhbs with an incidence of 2.65/1,000 hospitalised patients or 2.3/1 ...200818560909
[a recurrent diarrhea]. 200918572277
clostridium difficile infections in a canadian tertiary care hospital before and during a regional epidemic associated with the bi/nap1/027 strain.since 2002, an epidemic of clostridium difficile infections has occurred in southern quebec, canada. at hôpital maisonneuve-rosemont, montreal, quebec, canada, the incidence of c. difficile infections increased from 11/1,000 admissions (1999 to 2002) to 27/1,000 admissions (2003 to 2005). we compared the exposures and outcomes for patients infected with strains with different ribopatterns isolated before (n = 55) and during (n = 175) the epidemic, as well as the in vitro activities of antibiotic ...200818573937
holding back the tide. 200818575205
changing pattern of clostridium difficile associated diarrhoea in a tertiary care hospital: a 5 year retrospective study.frequent use of broad spectrum antibiotics in hospitalized patients has increased the incidence of clostridium difficile diarrhoea in recent years. in our tertiary care hospital in north india, c. difficile was responsible for 15 per cent of cases of nosocomial diarrhoea in 1999. a retrospective study was carried out to determine the frequency of c. difficile associated diarrhoea (cdad) in our hospital, and to assess the effect of awareness among the hospital personnel and control measures taken ...200818577793
surveillance for clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in long-term care facilities: what you get is not what you see. 200818578671
clostridium difficile pancolitis in adults with cystic fibrosis.we report three cases of clostridium difficile pancolitis in adults with cystic fibrosis (cf) in whom the presenting symptoms were atypical. all three required treatment with systemic steroids, in addition to oral vancomycin and metronidazole to achieve resolution of the colitis. this experience suggests that c. difficile colitis should be considered in individuals with cf presenting with non-specific abdominal symptoms.200818585983
clostridium difficile colitis in a health care worker: case report and review of the literature. 200918594979
deaths involving mrsa and clostridium difficile by communal establishment: england and wales, 2001-06. 200818595388
attributable outcomes of endemic clostridium difficile-associated disease in nonsurgical patients.data are limited on the attributable outcomes of clostridium difficile-associated disease (cdad), particularly in cdad-endemic settings. we conducted a retrospective cohort study of nonsurgical inpatients admitted for >/=48 hours in 2003 (n = 18,050). the adjusted hazard ratios for readmission (hazard ratio 2.19, 95% confidence interval [ci] 1.87-2.55) and deaths within 180 days (hazard ratio 1.23, 95% ci 1.03-1.46) were significantly different among cdad case-patients and noncase patients. in a ...200818598621
toxinotype v clostridium difficile in humans and food animals.clostridium difficile is a recognized pathogen in neonatal pigs and may contribute to enteritis in calves. toxinotype v strains have been rare causes of human c. difficile-associated disease (cdad). we examined toxinotype v in human disease, the genetic relationship of animal and human toxinotype v strains, and in vitro toxin production of these strains. from 2001 through 2006, 8 (1.3%) of 620 patient isolates were identified as toxinotype v; before 2001, 7 (<0.02%) of approximately 6,000 isolat ...200818598622
pandemic and seasonal influenza: therapeutic challenges.influenza a viruses cause significant morbidity and mortality annually, and the threat of a pandemic underscores the need for new therapeutic strategies. here, we briefly discuss novel antiviral agents under investigation, the limitations of current antiviral therapy and stress the importance of secondary bacterial infections in seasonal and pandemic influenza. additionally, the lack of new antibiotics available to treat increasingly drug resistant organisms such as methicillin-resistant staphyl ...200818598914
rho gtpase, rac1, regulates skp2 levels, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, and intima formation in vitro and in vivo.vascular smooth muscle cell (vsmc) proliferation contributes to intima formation after angioplasty or venous by-pass grafting, and during atherosclerosis. vsmc proliferation requires degradation of p27(kip1) promoted by s-phase kinase-associated protein-2 (skp2), an f-box protein component of the skp-cullin-f-box(skp2) ubiquitin-ligase. we investigated the role of rac(1) in the regulation of skp2 in rat vsmc.200818599477
the ifn-gamma-induced transcriptional program of the ciita gene is inhibited by statins.statins are 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme a (hmg-coa) reductase inhibitors that exert anti-inflammatory effects. ifn-gamma induction of class ii mhc expression, which requires the class ii transactivator (ciita), is inhibited by statins; however, the molecular basis for suppression is undetermined. we describe that statins inhibit ifn-gamma-induced class ii mhc expression by suppressing ciita gene expression, which is dependent on the hmg-coa reductase pathway. in addition, ciita expressio ...200818601229
costs of nosocomial clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea.nosocomial clostridium difficile-associated disease (cdad) is a common infection in hospitals. a matched case-control study was carried out to determine hospital-wide excess costs due to cdad. cases were assessed by prospective hospital-wide surveillance in a tertiary care university hospital in 2006. nosocomial cases of cdad (>72h after admission) were matched to control patients without cdad in a ratio 1:3 using the same diagnosis-related group in the same year, for a hospital stay at least as ...200818602185
is over-use of proton pump inhibitors fuelling the current epidemic of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea?many developed countries have seen an increase in cases of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea (cdad) in recent years. this has occurred despite heightened awareness of the risks of broad-spectrum antibiotics, overall reduction in antibiotic use and increased focus on hospital hygiene. some of the increase is due to the introduction of new hypervirulent strains, but it predates the description of these. the epidemic coincides with increased use of proton pump inhibitors (ppis), much of wh ...200818602190
clostridium perfringens enterotoxin in antibiotic-associated diarrhea.clostridium perfringens type a is associated with 5-20% cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (aad) even though clostridium difficile is implicated in the most severe cases. fecal specimens from one hundred hospitalized patients, who developed diarrhea regardless of antibiotic intake and who were negative for c. difficile toxin assay, were investigated for c. perfringens enterotoxin (cpe). simultaneously, cultures were set up for other possible aetiological factors. ten healthy controls were a ...200818603680
novel risk factors for clostridium difficile-associated disease in a setting of endemicity? 200818605911
environmental control critical for controlling clostridium difficile infections. 200818606597
in vitro susceptibility of genotypically distinct and clonal clostridium difficile strains to oritavancin.clostridium difficile infection is a nosocomial disease of increasing importance. first-line treatment is limited to metronidazole or vancomycin. oritavancin is a lipoglycopeptide with activity against gram-positive bacteria, including drug-resistant pathogens. mics of oritavancin, metronidazole and vancomycin for genotypically distinct c. difficile strains, including epidemic c. difficile pcr ribotypes 001 and 027, were determined by agar incorporation and broth macrodilution methods. in agar i ...200818606787
clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea and colitis: pathogenesis and therapy. 199318611542
diarrhea in intensive care: diagnosis and treatment.diarrhea is a common complication in critically ill patients. the use of ready-to-use sterile formulas, disposable feeding lines, and flow regulated pumps should decrease the frequency of diarrhea due to enteral nutrition. antimicrobial agents are an important cause of diarrhea, because they modify the digestive flora and may induce clostridium difficile colitis. occurrence of diarrhea is also correlated with several factors reflecting the severity of the underlying disease, such as shock and se ...199318611543
clostridium difficile infection: a surgical disease in evolution.several recent publications suggest an increase in the incidence of clostridium difficile colitis. however, such studies commonly lack denominators over which to index this rise. there is also concern in the literature that disease virulence is increasing.200818612709
[the efficacy of probiotics in gastrointestinal disease].probiotics are live microbial feed supplement which beneficially affects the host animals by improving its microbial balance. probiotics have been used in the treatment of bacterial or viral induced acute intestinal infection. in recent years, some clinical studies have shown the therapeutic effects of probiotics in the treatment of chronic inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) or prevention of allergic disease. evidence exists for therapeutic use of probiotics in acute infectious diarrhea, clostridi ...200818616132
emergency laparoscopic surgery for complicated diverticular disease.the aim of this study was to analyse the outcome of emergency laparoscopic surgical management of complicated diverticular disease.200918616737
single-dose cefuroxime with gentamicin reduces clostridium difficile-associated disease in hip-fracture patients.antibiotic-associated clostridium difficile diarrhoea may complicate recovery from surgery for proximal femoral fracture. we undertook a four-year case-control study to evaluate a change in antibiotic prophylaxis in our department. during the period january 2003 to january 2005, patients received three doses of prophylactic cefuroxime (1.5g). we then introduced a new regimen, comprising of one single dose of cefuroxime (1.5g) with gentamicin (240mg) at induction. prior to the change in prophylax ...200818621442
potential adverse effects of proton pump inhibitors.proton pump inhibitors (ppis) have revolutionized the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease and peptic ulcer disease over the past two decades. among the most commonly prescribed agents worldwide, ppis' overall safety profile is unquestionable. however, emerging evidence indicates that ppi therapy, particularly with long-term and/or high-dose administration, is associated with several potential adverse effects, including enteric infections (eg, clostridium difficile), community-acquired ...200818625128
mechanisms of action of probiotics: recent advances.the intestinal microbiota plays a fundamental role in maintaining immune homeostasis. in controlled clinical trials probiotic bacteria have demonstrated a benefit in treating gastrointestinal diseases, including infectious diarrhea in children, recurrent clostridium difficile-induced infection, and some inflammatory bowel diseases. this evidence has led to the proof of principle that probiotic bacteria can be used as a therapeutic strategy to ameliorate human diseases. the precise mechanisms inf ...200918626975
clostridium difficile infection: emerging concepts and treatments.clostridium difficile infection has become one of the most common causes of diarrhea in patients frequenting hospitals, skilled nursing facilities, and physicians' offices. although the pathogenesis and clinical description were well elucidated three decades ago, cure during the initial episode now occurs in fewer than two thirds of patients exhibiting clinical illness. the past decade has brought a new strain with more toxin. frequent relapses in elderly patients are now the norm rather than a ...200818627654
clostridium difficile infection and inflammatory bowel disease: a marker for disease extent? 200818628389
collateral damage. the rise of resistant c. difficile. 200818635789
riboswitches in eubacteria sense the second messenger cyclic di-gmp.cyclic di-guanosine monophosphate (di-gmp) is a circular rna dinucleotide that functions as a second messenger in diverse species of bacteria to trigger wide-ranging physiological changes, including cell differentiation, conversion between motile and biofilm lifestyles, and virulence gene expression. however, the mechanisms by which cyclic di-gmp regulates gene expression have remained a mystery. we found that cyclic di-gmp in many bacterial species is sensed by a riboswitch class in messenger r ...200818635805
impact of hydrogen peroxide vapor room decontamination on clostridium difficile environmental contamination and transmission in a healthcare setting.to determine whether hydrogen peroxide vapor (hpv) decontamination can reduce environmental contamination with and nosocomial transmission of clostridium difficile.200818636950
peripartum clostridium difficile infection: case series and review of the literature.clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in nonhospitalized patients has been reported with increased frequency. an association between cdi and pregnancy has not been stressed. this review will report 4 cases of peripartum cdi with characterization of the infecting strain and a literature review. a pubmed search identified 24 recorded cases of peripartum cdi; information was available for 14 cases. most patients (91%) received prophylactic antibiotics during delivery or for treatment of bacterial i ...200818639213
continuous aspiration of subglottic secretions in the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia in the postoperative period of major heart surgery.aspiration of endotracheal secretions is a major step in the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap). we compared conventional and continuous aspiration of subglottic secretions (cass) procedures in ventilated patients after major heart surgery (mhs).200818641114
use of a rifaximin "chaser" in the treatment of recurrent clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. 200818641597
rising economic impact of clostridium difficile-associated disease in adult hospitalized patient population.clostridium difficile-associated disease (cdad) is responsible for increased morbidity and a substantial economic burden. incidences of cdad, including those with a severe course of illness, have been increasing rapidly.200818643746
commentary: preventing clostridium difficile-associated disease: is it time to pay the piper? 200818643747
metronidazole resistance in clostridium difficile is heterogeneous.at our institution, the prevalence of clinical isolates of clostridium difficile with resistance to metronidazole is 6.3%. we observed that initial metronidazole mics of 16 to 64 mg/liter against toxigenic, primary fresh c. difficile isolates, as determined by agar dilution, decreased to 0.125 mg/liter after the isolates were thawed. in this study, we examined the possibility of heterogeneous or inducible resistance. totals of 14 metronidazole-resistant and 10 metronidazole-susceptible clinical ...200818650353
characterization of clostridium difficile strains isolated from patients in ontario, canada, from 2004 to 2006.clostridium difficile is the bacterium most commonly surmised to cause antimicrobial- and hospital-associated diarrhea in developed countries worldwide, and such infections are thought to be increasing in frequency and severity. a laboratory-based study was carried out to characterize c. difficile strains isolated from persons in ontario, canada, during 2004 to 2006 according to toxin type (enterotoxin a, cytotoxin b, and binary toxin [cdt]), tcdc gene characterization, ribotyping, pulsed-field ...200818650360
estimation of faecal carriage of clostridium difficile in patients with ulcerative colitis using real time polymerase chain reaction.ulcerative colitis (uc) is a disease of unknown aetiology in which exacerbations are sometimes linked to intestinal colonization by toxin-producing clostridium difficile. we undertook this study to detect and quantitatively assess c. difficile in the stool of patients with uc using real time polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), and to compare it with healthy individuals.200818653911
proceedings from the 2nd international clostridium difficile symposium, maribor, slovenia, june 2007. 200818655255
can the superbugs ever be beaten?"cluttered, dirty and overcrowded" wards, "sloppy hygiene" practices among nurses and clinicians, including use of commodes and bedpans that had already been "condemned", and board and management-level failure to respond to repeated requests for more nursing staff, were among the major contributors to the 90 elderly patient clostridium difficile deaths at three large west kent nhs hospitals between april 2004 and september 2006, a recent bbc 1 panorama programme suggested. health estate journal ...200818655658
cdc42 protein acts upstream of iqgap1 and regulates cytokinesis in mouse oocytes and embryos.cdc42 and rac1 rho family gtpases, and their interacting protein iqgap1 are the key regulators of cell polarity. we examined the role of cdc42 and iqgap1 in establishing the polarity of mouse oocyte and regulation of meiotic and mitotic divisions. we showed that cdc42 was localized on the microtubules of meiotic and mitotic spindle and in the cortex of mouse oocytes and cleaving embryos. iqgap1 was present in the cytoplasm and cortex of growing and fully-grown oocytes. during maturation it disap ...200818662680
tolevamer, an orally administered, toxin-binding polymer for clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea.genzyme corp is developing tolevamer, an anionic toxin-binding polymer that binds and neutralizes the clostridium difficile a and b toxins, for the potential treatment of c difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad). two phase iii clinical trials of tolevamer in patients with cdad have been completed and results from the second trial are expected to be released imminently.200818666039
univariate and multivariate analysis of risk factors for severe clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea: importance of co-morbidity and serum c-reactive protein.to investigate risk factors for severe clostridium difficile associated diarrhoea (cdad) in hospitalised patients.200818666322
germination of spores of clostridium difficile strains, including isolates from a hospital outbreak of clostridium difficile-associated disease (cdad).clostridium difficile is an emerging nosocomial pathogen and one of the major causes of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. cases of clostridium difficile-associated disease (cdad) are likely initiated by the ingestion of dormant c. difficile spores, which then germinate, outgrow and rapidly proliferate to cause gastrointestinal (gi) infections. to understand the initial stages of cdad pathogenesis, we have characterized the germination of spores from a collection of c. difficile strains, including ...200818667557
application of isothermal helicase-dependent amplification with a disposable detection device in a simple sensitive stool test for toxigenic clostridium difficile.enzyme immunoassays (eias) are commonly used for the diagnosis of cases of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad). however, these eias have high false-negative rates, even in patients with severe clinical disease. we have developed an isoamp cdad test using a simple and user-friendly procedure to identify toxigenic c. difficile in feces. after dna extraction from fecal samples, both the conserved sequence of the 5'-end fragment of the c. difficile tcda toxin gene and competitive amplif ...200818669881
epidemiology of clostridium species bacteremia in calgary, canada, 2000-2006.to define the incidence, risk factors for acquisition, and outcomes associated with clostridial bacteremia in a large canadian health region.200818672296
how to cut clostridium difficile infection.this article provides an update on clostridium difficile and highlights the appropriate infection-control measures that need to be in place to reduce the infection.200818672843
high levels of resistance to fluoroquinolones among clostridium difficile isolates in a spanish hospital. 200818680418
assessment of reporting bias for clostridium difficile hospitalizations, united states. 200818680680
rates of clostridium difficile infection in patients discharged from spanish hospitals, 1997-2005.we analyzed the spanish hospital discharges registered from 1997 to 2005 with patient diagnoses of "intestinal infection due to clostridium difficile." the mean annual incidence rate was 41.2 diagnoses per 100,000 discharges. a significant increase was found from 1997 to 2005 (slope of the regression line [b], 5.12; p < .001). overall rates were 2.5 times as high in the group of patients aged at least 65 years as in the group aged 45-64 years.200818681812
[results of the application of a prevention protocol for clostridium difficile infection in an acute geriatric unit]. 200818682125
smart approaches for reducing nosocomial infections in the icu.nosocomial infections are problematic in the icu because of their frequency, morbidity, and mortality. the most common icu infections are pneumonia, bloodstream infection, and urinary tract infection, most of which are device related. surgical site infection is common in surgical icus, and clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea is occurring with increasing frequency. prospective observational studies confirm that use of evidence-based guidelines can reduce the rate of these icu infections, es ...200818682466
european centre warns of need for better surveillance of c difficile. 200818682480
aurintricarboxylic acid upregulates the thrombomodulin expression of endothelial cells and peripheral blood monocytes.thrombomodulin has a central role in the regulation of coagulation through its ability to promote generation of the potent anticoagulant, activated protein c. aurintricarboxylic acid (ata) has been reported to inhibit platelet function by blocking von willebrand factor binding to platelet glycoprotein ib and to impede thrombosis development in vivo. in the present study, we demonstrated a novel antithrombotic effect of ata. the surface thrombomodulin expression of endothelial cells and periphera ...200818685431
clostridium difficile infection in critically injured trauma patients.clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is an increasing problem worldwide. to our knowledge, there are no studies evaluating specifically the incidence of cdi in the critically injured trauma population.200818687049
emphysematous cholecystitis: a case report.abstract: a 65-year-old greek man with a history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension was admitted because of right upper quadrant pain, nausea and palpable right quadrant mass. on admission the patient was febrile (38.8 degrees c) with a total bilirubin level of 1.99 mg/dl (direct 0.59 mg/dl); sgot 1.26 mg/dl; na 135 mmol/l and k 2.9 mmol/l. the white blood count was 15200/mul with 92.2% neutrophiles. axial sections of single slice ct imaging (section thickness 10 mm), revealed emphysematous c ...200818687128
[acute infectious diarrhea in adults].acute infectious diarrhoea are common and usually self-limited but their management is often inadequate due to over-prescriptions of stool cultures and antibiotics. from a clinical point of view, the most important point is to promptly identify presentations at risk of complications (severe dehydration, septic shock, surgical complications) such as elderly patients, co-morbidity, diabetes, renal or heart deficiency, immune deficiency...). when the epidemiological context is suggestive, physician ...200818689113
[antibiotic-associated diarrhea].most of the cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhea are benign, self-limited and presumably related to functional consequences of the alteration of gut microflora. in few cases, changes in the gut flora ecosystem allow pathogens to proliferate. clostridium difficile is responsible for approximately 10% of the cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in the community, most of the cases of antibiotic-associated colitis, and almost all the cases of pseudomembranous colitis. according to anatomoclini ...200818689117
clostridium difficile in adult patients with nosocomial diarrhea in a costa rican hospital.stool samples from 104 adult patients with nosocomial antibiotic-associated diarrhea were analyzed for clostridium difficile by cultivation, toxin a inmunoenzymatic detection, and toxin b cytotoxic detection. the isolates were additionally screened for the toxin genes by polymerase chain reaction. c. difficile was isolated from 26 samples, and the toxins were directly detected in another 5 samples. toxin a and b genes were detected in all toxigenic bacterial isolates. the detection rate of 30% i ...200818689617
amebic colitis in an antigenically and serologically negative patient: usefulness of a small-subunit ribosomal rna gene-based polymerase chain reaction in diagnosis.specific identification of entamoeba histolytica in clinical specimens is an essential confirmatory diagnostic step in the management of amebiasis. here, we report an unusual case of amebic colitis in a 20-year-old female immigrant from south china. the patient had experienced diarrhea, crampy abdominal pain, and fever for approximately 3 weeks prior to admission to hospital and had treated herself at home with metronidazole. on admission, stool microscopy and serology for e. histolytica were ne ...200818691843
Refresh
firstprev
...41424344454647484950...
nextlast
Displaying items 4701 - 4800 of 12134