Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| mutation of an aminopeptidase n gene is associated with helicoverpa armigera resistance to bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac toxin. | a cry1ac-resistant strain (bt-r) of helicoverpa armigera, with 2971-fold resistance, was derived by selection with cry1ac toxin for 75 generations. we used cdna-amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis to identify those genes differentially expressed in the cry1ac-resistant and -susceptible strains, which revealed 212 differentially expressed transcripts among 2000 screened cdnas. among these transcript-derived fragments (tdfs), 37 showed some homology to known sequences, including aminop ... | 2009 | 19376227 |
| mutations in domain i interhelical loops affect the rate of pore formation by the bacillus thuringiensis cry1aa toxin in insect midgut brush border membrane vesicles. | pore formation in the apical membrane of the midgut epithelial cells of susceptible insects constitutes a key step in the mode of action of bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal toxins. in order to study the mechanism of toxin insertion into the membrane, at least one residue in each of the pore-forming-domain (domain i) interhelical loops of cry1aa was replaced individually by cysteine, an amino acid which is normally absent from the activated cry1aa toxin, using site-directed mutagenesis. the to ... | 2009 | 19376918 |
| susceptibility of diabrotica virgifera virgifera (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) to the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae when feeding on bacillus thuringiensis cry3bb1-expressing maize. | genetically engineered maize producing the insecticidal protein cry3bb1 from bacillus thuringiensis (bt maize) is protected against corn rootworms (diabrotica spp.), which are serious maize pests in north america and europe. the aim of the present study was to investigate the interaction of bt maize (event mon88017) and the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae for controlling the western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera. exposure to cry3bb1 expressed in bt maize seedlings ... | 2009 | 19376921 |
| bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis control of synanthropic mites (acari: acaridida) under laboratory conditions. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins present a potential for control of pest mites. information concerning the effect of bt and its possible application to the biocontrol of synathropic mites is rare. the toxic effect of bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis producing cry3a toxin was tested on the mites acarus siro l., tyrophagus putrescentiae (schrank), dermatophagoides farinae hughes, and lepidoglyphus destructor (schrank) via feeding tests. fifty mites were reared on bt additive diets in conc ... | 2009 | 19381844 |
| [identification and cloning of vip3a genes from isolates of bacillus thuringiensis and their bioactivity analysis]. | to survey the distribution of vip3a-type genes from isolates of bacillus thuringiensis in china and to clone novel vip3a genes encoding vip3a proteins with high insecticidal activity against lepidopteran insect larvae. | 2009 | 19388273 |
| transgenic insecticidal crops and natural enemies: a detailed review of laboratory studies. | this review uses a data-driven, quantitative method to summarize the published, peer-reviewed literature about the impact of genetically modified (gm) plants on arthropod natural enemies in laboratory experiments. the method is similar to meta-analysis, and, in contrast to a simple author-vote counting method used by several earlier reviews, gives an objective, data-driven summary of existing knowledge about these effects. significantly more non-neutral responses were observed than expected at r ... | 2009 | 19389277 |
| characterization of a novel cry8 gene specific to melolonthidae pests: holotrichia oblita and holotrichia parallela. | a new polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method for the identification of cry8-type genes from bacillus thuringiensis has been established by designing a pair of new universal primers. by this method, a novel gene, cry8ga1, encoding a polypeptide of 1,157 amino acids with a deduced molecular mass of 131.2 kda was identified and cloned from b. thuringiensis hbf-18. recombinant b. thuringiensis strain hd8g, harboring cry8ga1, has insecticidal activity against larvae ... | 2009 | 19399496 |
| [structural changes in wild-type cry3a delta-endotoxin and its mutants in ethyl alcohol solutions at ph 2-2.5]. | the methods of circular dichroism, scanning microcalorimetry, electron microscopy, and proteolysis were used to study the ability of wild-type cry3a-delta-endotoxin and three mutant toxins with cysteine substitutions in helices alpha3 and alpha4 (domain i) to form oligomeric structures in acidic alcohol solutions that reproduce the premembrane environment. at ph 2-2.2 and 20% ethanol, the mutant toxins with single substitutions e132c (alpha3) and e160c (alpha4), as well as the double mutant e132 ... | 2009 | 19402530 |
| does distant homology with evf reveal a lipid binding site in bacillus thuringiensis cytolytic toxins? | the cry and cyt classes of insecticidal toxins derived from the sporulating bacterium bacillus thuringiensis are valuable substitutes for synthetic pesticides in agricultural contexts. crystal structures and many biochemical data have provided insights into their molecular mechanisms, generally thought to involve oligomerization and pore formation, but have not localised the site on cyt toxins responsible for selective binding of phospholipids containing unsaturated fatty acids. here, distant ho ... | 2009 | 19409387 |
| n546 in beta18-beta19 loop is important for binding and toxicity of the bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac toxin. | our previous mutagenic analysis showed that the unique residue n546 in the apex of beta18-beta19 loop of bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac toxin is important for its toxicity. in this study, trypsin digestion susceptibility, binding to bbmv and oligomer formation activity was therefore analyzed to determine the mechanism of toxicity change of these mutant toxins. the results showed that residue n546 was not involved in toxin oligomerisation and maintaining the stability of toxin, the enhanced toxici ... | 2009 | 19416731 |
| a novel tenebrio molitor cadherin is a functional receptor for bacillus thuringiensis cry3aa toxin. | cry toxins produced by the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis are effective biological insecticides. cadherin-like proteins have been reported as functional cry1a toxin receptors in lepidoptera. here we present data that demonstrate that a coleopteran cadherin is a functional cry3aa toxin receptor. the cry3aa receptor cadherin was cloned from tenebrio molitor larval midgut mrna, and the predicted protein, tmcad1, has domain structure and a putative toxin binding region similar to those in lepidopt ... | 2009 | 19416969 |
| plant fitness assessment for wild relatives of insect resistant crops. | risk assessments of new insect-resistant crops will need to estimate the potential for increased weediness of wild crop relatives as a consequence of gene flow. when field experiments are precluded by containment concerns, simulation experiments can identify hazards or measure expected differences between gmos and parental plants. to measure plant fitness consequences of wild plant protection from bt-susceptible herbivores, we used topical sprays of bacterial bacillus thuringiensis larvacide (bt ... | 2009 | 19419653 |
| generation of mini-tn10 transposon insertion mutant library of bacillus thuringiensis for the investigation of genes required for its bacteriocin production. | bacillus thuringiensis strain bupm4 is known for its ability to produce a bacteriocin, called bacthuricin f4 (bf4), which inhibits the growth of several gram-positive bacteria and particularly bacillaceae. this study aimed to use the insertional transposon mutagenesis approach for disrupting and thus identifying genes associated with bf4 synthesis. here, the mini-tn10 transposon was used to generate a library of b. thuringiensis mutants. twenty thousand clones were screened for the search of mut ... | 2009 | 19431236 |
| laboratory and field investigations of pestiferous chironomidae (diptera) in some man-made wetlands in central florida, usa. | a 1-year larval and adult population survey of pestiferous chironomids was conducted in 4 man-made wetlands in a resort area of central florida, usa. benthic samples were randomly collected from each wetland at least once every month. geocoordinates, water depth, and physical composition of substrates at each larval sample location were noted. adult midge populations were sampled weekly around the wetlands by employing 10 new jersey light traps permanently placed in the area. chironominae and ta ... | 2009 | 19432073 |
| initial and residual activity of vectobac 12 as, vectobac wdg, and vectolex wdg for control of mosquitoes in ararat valley, turkey. | two formulations, vectobac 12 as and vectobac wdg, of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti) and one formulation, vectolex wdg, of bacillus sphaericus were tested against anopheles maculipennis, culex pipiens, culex theileri, aedes caspius, and aedes dorsalis larvae in drainage canals, a flooded plain, and a drainage well in the igdir plain of arafat valley, turkey. vectobac 12 as applied at 0.5 and 1 liter/ha to a drainage canal provided complete control of cx. theileri and 80% to 98% control ... | 2009 | 19432078 |
| investigation of the unfolding pathway of bacillus thuringiensis cyt2aa2 toxin reveals an unfolding intermediate. | cyt2aa2 is a cytolytic toxin from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. darmstadiensis. its active form has a lethal activity against specific mosquito larvae. we characterized an unfolding pathway of cyt2aa2 using a guanidinium hydrochloride denaturation. the results revealed three-state transition with a detectable intermediate in a condition with 3-4m of guhcl. the conformational free energies for native and intermediate state unfolding were 5.82+/-0.47 and 16.85+/-1.47kcal/mol, respectively. kinetic ... | 2009 | 19433217 |
| prays oleae midgut putative receptor of bacillus thuringiensis vegetative insecticidal protein vip3lb differs from that of cry1ac toxin. | vegetative insecticidal protein (vip) is a class of insecticidal proteins produced by many bacillus thuringiensis strains during their vegetative growth stage. the vip3lb gene of b. thuringiensis strain bupm95, which encodes a protein active against the lepidoptera olive tree pathogenic insect prays oleae, was cloned into pet-14b vector and overexpressed in escherichia coli. the expressed vip3lb protein, found in the e. coli cytoplasmic fraction, was purified and used to produce anti-vip3lb anti ... | 2009 | 19434523 |
| dominant negative mutants of bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab toxin function as anti-toxins: demonstration of the role of oligomerization in toxicity. | bacillus thuringiensis cry toxins, that are used worldwide in insect control, kill insects by a mechanism that depends on their ability to form oligomeric pores that insert into the insect-midgut cells. these toxins are being used worldwide in transgenic plants or spray to control insect pests in agriculture. however, a major concern has been the possible effects of these insecticidal proteins on non-target organisms mainly in ecosystems adjacent to agricultural fields. | 2009 | 19440244 |
| nosocomial bacteremia caused by biofilm-forming bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis. | bacterial biofilms cause serious problems, such as antibiotic resistance and medical device-related infections. recent reports indicate that bacillus species potentially form biofilms and cause nosocomial bacteremia via catheter infection. our objective was to investigate the relationship between nosocomial bacteremia caused by bacillus species and biofilm formations. | 2009 | 19443973 |
| is the cry1ab protein from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) taken up by plants from soils previously planted with bt corn and by carrot from hydroponic culture? | the uptake of the insecticidal cry1ab protein from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) by various crops from soils on which bt corn had previously grown was determined. in 2005, the cry1ab protein was detected by western blot in tissues (leaves plus stems) of basil, carrot, kale, lettuce, okra, parsnip, radish, snap bean, and soybean but not in tissues of beet and spinach and was estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to be 0.05 +/- 0.003 ng g(-1) of fresh plant tissue in basil, 0.02 +/- ... | 2009 | 19444360 |
| [chitinase b from bacillus thuringiensis enhancing potential and its antagonism and insecticidal]. | we studied the characteristics of chitinase b (chib) from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. colmeri 15a3 (bt 15a3) and evaluated its antagonism and insecticidal potential. | 2009 | 19445172 |
| reduction of bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac toxicity against helicoverpa armigera by a soluble toxin-binding cadherin fragment. | a cadherin-like protein has been identified as a putative receptor for bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry1ac toxin in helicoverpa armigera and plays a key role in bt insecticidal action. in this study, we produced a fragment from this h. armigera cry1ac toxin-binding cadherin that included the predicted toxin-binding region. binding of cry1ac toxin to this cadherin fragment facilitated the formation of a 250-kda toxin oligomer. the cadherin fragment was evaluated for its effect on cry1ac toxin-bind ... | 2009 | 19446559 |
| entomotoxicity, protease and chitinase activity of bacillus thuringiensis fermented wastewater sludge with a high solids content. | this study investigated the production of biopesticides, protease and chitinase activity by bacillus thuringiensis grown in raw wastewater sludge at high solids concentration (30 g/l). the rheology of wastewater sludge was modified with addition of tween-80 (0.2% v/v). this addition resulted in 1.6 and 1.3-fold increase in cell and spore count, respectively. the maximum specific growth rate (micro(max)) augmented from 0.17 to 0.22 h(-1) and entomotoxicity (tx) increased by 29.7%. meanwhile, volu ... | 2009 | 19447031 |
| effects of bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins on the pea aphid (acyrthosiphon pisum). | four bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins, cry3a, cry4aa, cry11aa, and cyt1aa, were found to exhibit low to moderate toxicity on the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum, in terms both of mortality and growth rate. cry1ab was essentially nontoxic except at high rates. to demonstrate these effects, we had to use exhaustive buffer-based controls. | 2009 | 19447954 |
| quality assurance of aerial applications of larvicides for mosquito control: effects of granule and catch tray size on field monitoring programs. | aerial applications of granular insecticides are preferable because they can effectively penetrate vegetation, there is less drift, and no loss of product due to evaporation. we aimed to 1) assess the field efficacy ofvectobac g to control aedes vigilax (skuse) in saltmarsh pools, 2) develop a stochastic-modeling procedure to monitor application quality, and 3) assess the distribution of vectobac g after an aerial application. because ground-based studies with ae. vigilax immatures found that ve ... | 2009 | 19449629 |
| technique to assess effectiveness of control tactics against ostrinia nubilalis (lepidoptera: crambidae) in whorl-stage corn. | ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: crambidae) is one of the most damaging insect pests of corn. studies were conducted to determine whether live larval counts obtained from corn whorls were predictive of the amount of larval tunneling that would result in the stalk of the plant 40 d later at the end of larval development. whorls from plants treated with dipel 10g (6,400 iu per whorl) and untreated controls, both infested with o. nubilalis neonates, were evaluated for the number of live la ... | 2009 | 19449642 |
| limited survival of a cry2ab-resistant strain of helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae) on bollgard ii. | bollgard ii cotton (which expresses two bt insecticidal genes cry1ac/cry2ab) and conventional cotton, grown in the laboratory or field and sampled at different stages, was exposed to helicoverpa armigera (hübner) larvae of three genotypes: homozygous for resistance to cry2ab; homozygous for susceptibility to cry2ab, and heterozygous for resistance. survival of all genotypes was limited on bollgard ii but increased as plants aged. this was particularly the case for homozygous resistant individual ... | 2009 | 19449653 |
| combining pest control and resistance management: synergy of engineered insects with bt crops. | transgenic crops producing insecticidal toxins are widely used to control insect pests. their benefits would be lost if resistance to the toxins became widespread in pest populations. the most widely used resistance management method is the high-dose/refuge strategy. this requires toxin-free host plants as refuges near insecticidal crops, and toxin doses intended to be sufficiently high to kill insects heterozygous for a resistant allele, thereby rendering resistance functionally recessive. we h ... | 2009 | 19449654 |
| frequency of alleles conferring resistance to the bacillus thuringiensis toxins cry1ac and cry2ab in australian populations of helicoverpa punctigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae) from 2002 to 2006. | helicoverpa punctigera and helicoverpa armigera (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) are important pests of field and horticultural crops in australia. the former is endemic to the continent, whereas the latter is also distributed in africa and asia. although h. armigera rapidly developed resistance to virtually every group of insecticide used against it, there is only one report of resistance to an insecticide in h. punctigera. in 1996 the australian cotton industry adopted ingard, which expresses ... | 2009 | 19449655 |
| bacillus thuringiensis resistance influences european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) larval behavior after exposure to cry1ab. | the behavior of pests targeted by bacillus thuringiensis (bt) crops has been recognized as an important factor to define resistance management plans. however, most data do not include the possible impact resistance may have on the behavior of pests. to examine whether resistance influences behavior of european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: crambidae), neonates after exposure to dietary bt, the responses of cry1ab-resistant, -susceptible, and hybrid (f1) lines from two pop ... | 2009 | 19449661 |
| loop residues of the receptor binding domain of bacillus thuringiensis cry11ba toxin are important for mosquitocidal activity. | using a cry11ba toxin model, predicted loops in domain ii were analyzed for their role in receptor binding and toxicity. peptides corresponding to loops alpha8, 1 and 3, but not loop 2, competed with toxin binding to aedes midgut membranes. mutagenesis data reveal loops alpha8, 1 and 3 are involved in toxicity. loops 1 and 3 are of greater significance in toxicity to aedes and culex larvae than to anopheles. cry11ba binds the apical membrane of larval caecae and posterior midgut, and binding can ... | 2009 | 19450583 |
| mutagenic analysis of putative domain ii and surface residues in mosquitocidal bacillus thuringiensis cry19aa toxin. | the mosquitocidal crystal protein, cry19aa, from bacillus thuringiensis ssp. jegathesan, has high toxicity to anopheles stephensi and culex pipiens but is less toxic to aedes aegypti. to study the functional role of putative domain ii and surface residues in mosquito toxicity, 16 alanine substitution mutations were introduced into cry19aa. all mutant constructs were expressed as 65-kda protoxins and subsequently digested by trypsin to produce further fragmented polypeptides of 40 and 25 kda. wit ... | 2009 | 19456870 |
| heterologous expression of bacillus thuringiensis vegetative insecticidal protein-encoding gene vip3lb in photorhabdus temperata strain k122 and oral toxicity against the lepidoptera ephestia kuehniella and spodoptera littoralis. | photorhabdus temperata and bacillus thuringiensis are entomopathogenic bacteria exhibiting toxicities against different insect larvae. vegetative insecticidal protein vip3lb is a bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal protein secreted during the vegetative growth stage exhibiting lepidopteran specificity. in this study, we focused for the first time on the heterologous expression of vip3lb gene in photorhabdus temperata strain k122. firstly, western blot analyses of whole cultures of recombinant ph ... | 2009 | 19462262 |
| chromatographic and electrophoretic resolution of proteins and protein complexes from the larval midgut microvilli of manduca sexta. | the microvillar proteome of manduca sexta larval midguts was analyzed by subjecting brush border membrane vesicles (bbmv) to two different two-dimensional approaches: (i) anion exchange chromatography followed by sds-page and (ii) blue native-page followed by sds-page. the first technique was superior to conventional 2-d gel electrophoresis in resolving the most abundant proteins associated with the midgut microvilli. twenty of them were successfully identified as digestive enzymes, binding targ ... | 2009 | 19464367 |
| cry1b and cry3a are active against hypothenemus hampei ferrari (coleoptera: scolytidae). | cry1b and cry3 proteins from bacillus thuringiensis are toxic to beetles such as the colorado potato beetle and the cottonwood leaf beetle. we report the development of a suitable rearing, bioassay method and the toxicity of these cry proteins to coffee berry borer first instar larvae. | 2009 | 19465024 |
| parasporal body formation via overexpression of the cry10aa toxin of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, and cry10aa-cyt1aa synergism. | bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis is the most widely used microbial control agent against mosquitoes and blackflies. its insecticidal success is based on an arsenal of toxins, such as cry4a, cry4b, cry11a, and cyt1a, harbored in the parasporal crystal of the bacterium. a fifth toxin, cry10aa, is synthesized at very low levels; previous attempts to clone and express cry10aa were limited, and no parasporal body was formed. by using a new strategy, the whole cry10a operon was cloned in the ... | 2009 | 19465527 |
| identification of a catabolite-responsive element necessary for regulation of the cry4a gene of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis produces a potent mosquitocidal protein, cry4a. we have identified a 15-bp catabolite responsive element (cre), overlapping the -35 element of the cry4a promoter. changing a guanine to adenine at position -49 in the promoter abolished glucose catabolite repression of cry4a and enhanced promoter activity two- to threefold. this cis regulatory element is essential for controlled toxin synthesis, vital to evolutionary success of b. thuringiensis subsp. isra ... | 2009 | 19465665 |
| metabolomics of transgenic maize combining fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry, capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry and pressurized liquid extraction. | in this work, the potential of combining capillary electrophoresis-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (ce-tof-ms) and fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry (ft-icr-ms) for metabolomics of genetically modified organisms (gmos) is demonstrated. thus, six different varieties of maize, three of them transgenic (pr33p66 bt, tietar bt and aristis bt) and their corresponding isogenic lines (pr33p66, tietar and aristis) grown under the same field conditions, were analyzed. based on t ... | 2009 | 19477454 |
| development of insect-resistant transgenic rice with cry1c*-free endosperm. | yellow stem borer (tryporyza incertulas walker), striped stem borer (chilo suppressalis walker) and leaf folder (cnaphalocrocis medinalis guenec) are three lepidopteran pests that cause severe damage to rice in many areas of the world. in this study, novel insect-resistant transgenic rice was developed in which bt protein expression was nearly absent in the endosperm. the resistant gene, cry1c*, driven by the rice rbcs promoter (small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase), ... | 2009 | 19479952 |
| activity of spores and extracellular proteins from six cry+ strains and a cry- strain of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki against the western spruce budworm, choristoneura occidentalis (lepidoptera: tortricidae). | we characterized insecticidal activity of previously untested strains of bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki belonging to two crystal serovars (k-1 and k-73) against the western spruce budworm (choristoneura occidentalis freeman 1967). by testing various components, we demonstrated that spores play a critical role in the pathogenesis of each strain. spore-free crystals caused low mortality and purified spores were generally not toxic. the addition of spores to purified protoxin increased toxicity se ... | 2009 | 19483782 |
| chloroplast-targeted expression of synthetic cry1ac in transgenic rice as an alternative strategy for increased pest protection. | to increase insect resistance in transgenic rice plants, a synthetic truncated cry1ac gene was linked to the rice rbcs promoter and its transit peptide sequence (tp) for chloroplast-targeted expression. several transgenic lines were generated by the agrobacterium-mediated transformation method and the expression levels of the transgene were compared with untargeted expression. use of the rbcs-tp sequence increased the cry1ac transcript and protein levels by 25- and 100-fold, respectively, with t ... | 2009 | 19484258 |
| copper uptake by pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from infected burn patients. | pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from infected burn patients and characterized by standard biochemical tests. the in vitro copper uptake was compared between this isolated pathogenic strain and two non-pathogenic control strains of gram positive bacteria bacillus thuringiensis strain israelis as well as gram negative bacteria enterobacter aerogenes. maximum copper uptake of 470 ppm/g biomass was obtained by p. aeruginosa strain, while the control strains b. thuringiensis and enterobacter aero ... | 2009 | 19484296 |
| on-plant survival and inheritance of resistance to cry1ab toxin from bacillus thuringiensis in a field-derived strain of european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis. | the high dose plus refuge is one of the major components of the resistance management plan mandated for transgenic corn expressing cry toxins from bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt) that targets the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: crambidae). this strategy was based on assumptions such as functional recessive inheritance, which has not been previously tested for o. nubilalis. the authors used a field-derived resistant strain of o. nubilalis to define the nature o ... | 2009 | 19484699 |
| expression, purification and characterization of the cry2aa14 toxin from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kenyae. | an indigenous strain hd-550 of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kenyae was found to be toxic to lepidopteran as well as dipteran insects. the cry2aa gene (classified as cry2aa14) from this isolate was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. only a little amount of the expressed cry2aa14 protein was observed in soluble fraction under normal induction condition. the inclusions were non-toxic to test insects, whereas solubilized cry2aa14 was highly toxic to lepidopteran and dipteran insects. cry2aa1 ... | 2009 | 19486907 |
| manduca sexta (lepidoptera: sphingidae) cadherin fragments function as synergists for cry1a and cry1c bacillus thuringiensis toxins against noctuid moths helicoverpa zea, agrotis ipsilon and spodoptera exigua. | specific bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt) toxins are effective against a narrow spectrum of species. while specificity is an advantage for limiting adverse effects on non-target organisms, it is also the primary drawback of bt's application for controlling multiple pest species in agriculture, forestry and other areas. recently, it was reported that a small toxin-binding fragment of manduca sexta (joh.) cadherin acts as a synergist of bt toxins to m. sexta, heliothis virescens f. and helicov ... | 2009 | 19489014 |
| starch industry wastewater for production of biopesticides--ramifications of solids concentrations. | total solids (ts) concentrations ranging from 15 to 66 g l(-1) of starch industry wastewater (siw) were tested as raw material for the production of bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki hd-1 (btk) biopesticide in shake flasks and a 15 l bench-scale fermenter. shake flask studies revealed a higher delta-endotoxin concentration of btk at 30 g l(-1) ts concentration and 2.5% (v v(-1)) volume of pre-culture. the fermenter experiments conducted using siw at 30 g l(-1) ts concentration under controlle ... | 2009 | 19492550 |
| spore display using bacillus thuringiensis exosporium protein inha. | a new spore display method is presented that enables recombinant proteins to be displayed on the surface of bacillus spores via fusion with inha, an exosporium component of bacillus thuringiensis. the green fluorescent protein and beta-galactosidase as model proteins were fused to the c-terminal region of inha, respectively. the surface expression of the proteins on the spores was confirmed by flow cytometry, confocal laser scanning microscopy, measurement of the enzyme activity, and an immunogo ... | 2009 | 19494698 |
| production of wetland chironomidae (diptera) and the effects of using bacillus thuringiensis israelensis for mosquito control. | massive mosquito nuisance problems, caused by the flood-water mosquito aedes sticticus, occur after floods in the flood plains of the river dalälven, central sweden. since 2002, the biological mosquito larvicide bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti) has been used to control these mosquitoes. here, we report results from the first six years of monitoring chironomidae, the most susceptible non-target organisms, in three wetlands with bti-treatment against mosquitoes and in three wetlands w ... | 2010 | 19497137 |
| direct detection of genomic dna with fluidic force discrimination assays. | herein, we describe the direct detection of genomic dna using fluidic force discrimination (ffd) assays. starting with extracted bacterial dna, samples are fragmented by restriction enzymes or sonication, then thermocycled in the presence of blocking and labeling sequences, and finally detected with microbead-based ffd assays. both strain and species identification of extracted bacillus dna have been demonstrated in <30 min, without amplification (e.g., pcr). femtomolar assays can be achieved wi ... | 2009 | 19497290 |
| ultrastructure of the alabama argillacea (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) midgut. | the insect midgut has ultimately been the focus of researches tempting to control insect pests because alterations in the insect gut may affect not only its development, but also physiological events such as nutrient absorption and transformation. the objective of the present work was to describe morphologically, histochemically, and ultrastructurally the larva midgut of alabama argillacea (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), a cotton key pest in brazil. light and electronic transmission microscop ... | 2009 | 19497756 |
| normal expression of insect-resistant transgene in progeny of common wild rice crossed with genetically modified rice: its implication in ecological biosafety assessment. | transgene outflow from genetically modified (gm) rice to its wild relatives may cause undesirable ecological consequences. understanding the level of transgene expression in wild rice following gene flow is important for assessing such consequences, providing that transgene escape from gm rice cannot be prevented. to determine the expression of a transgene in common wild rice (oryza rufipogon), we analyzed the content of cry1ac protein in three gm rice lines containing a bt transgene, their f(1) ... | 2009 | 19504082 |
| carabidae population dynamics and temporal partitioning: response to coupled neonicotinoid-transgenic technologies in maize. | insecticidal bt crops and seed treatments represent additional pest management tools for growers, prompting ecological studies comparing their impact on farm system inputs and effects to nontarget organisms compared with conventional practices. using high taxonomic and temporal resolution, we contrast the dominance structure of carabids and dynamics of the most abundant species in maize (both sweet and field corn) agroecosystems using pest management tactics determined by the purchase of seed an ... | 2009 | 19508805 |
| what sets bacillus anthracis apart from other bacillus species? | bacillus anthracis is the cause of anthrax, and two large plasmids are essential for toxicity: pxo1, which contains the toxin genes, and pxo2, which encodes a capsule. b. anthracis forms a highly monomorphic lineage within the b. cereus group, but strains of bacillus thuringiensis and b. cereus exist that are genetically closely related to the b. anthracis cluster. during the past five years b. cereus strains that contain the pxo1 virulence plasmid were discovered, and strains with both pxo1 and ... | 2009 | 19514852 |
| gut bacteria are not required for the insecticidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis toward the tobacco hornworm, manduca sexta. | it was recently proposed that gut bacteria are required for the insecticidal activity of the bacillus thuringiensis-based insecticide, dipel, toward the lepidopterans manduca sexta, pieris rapae, vanessa cardui, and lymantria dispar. using a similar methodology, it was found that gut bacteria were not required for the toxicity of dipel or cry1ac or for the synergism of an otherwise sublethal concentration of cry1ac toward m. sexta. the toxicities of dipel and of b. thuringiensis hd73 cry(-) spor ... | 2009 | 19525273 |
| inheritance of resistance to bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab protein in the sugarcane borer (lepidoptera: crambidae). | inheritance traits of a cry1ab-resistant strain of the sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis (f.) were analyzed using various genetic crosses. reciprocal parental crosses between cry1ab-susceptible and cry1ab-resistant populations, f(1) by f(1) crosses, and backcrosses of f(1) with the cry1ab-resistant population were successfully completed. larval mortality of the parental and cross-populations were assayed on cry1ab diet and bacillus thuringiensis (bt)-corn leaf tissue. maternal effects and se ... | 2009 | 19527726 |
| resistance and cross-resistance in populations of the leafrollers, choristoneura rosaceana and pandemis pyrusana , in washington apples. | insecticide bioassays of the leafrollers, choristoneura rosaceana (harris), and pandemis pyrusana kearfott (lepidoptera: tortricidae), were used to investigate resistance and cross-resistance between azinphosmethyl and other insecticides. comparisons of field-collected populations with susceptible laboratory colonies of both leafroller species were made in 1996-97, prior to registration and field introduction of several of insecticides, and were re-tested in 2000-2001 following several years of ... | 2006 | 19537964 |
| genetic variability of the bollworm, helicoverpa armigera, occurring on different host plants. | the bollworm, helicoverpa armigera hübner (lepidoptera: noctuidae) is a polyphagous pest of worldwide occurrence inflicting annual crop damage in india worth us$ 1 billion. in india this insect occurs as a major pest in many economically important crops, including cotton, pigeonpea, chickpea, tomato, okra, and blackgram. understanding the genetic variation among the h. armigera populations occurring on host plants has become essential to understand the variation in their susceptibility to differ ... | 2006 | 19537981 |
| two novel transposon delivery vectors based on mariner transposon for random mutagenesis of bacillus thuringiensis. | two new mariner transposon delivery vector systems, pmara333 and pmarb333, had been constructed to randomly mutagenize bacillus thuringiensis in vivo. the results showed that both systems could randomly insert into the genome of b. thuringiensis ybt881 (ccam 020673). these systems could have potential for further construction of mutant libraries of b. thuringiensis and other bacillus strains. | 2009 | 19539665 |
| bacillus thuringiensis bel protein enhances the toxicity of cry1ac protein to helicoverpa armigera larvae by degrading insect intestinal mucin. | bacillus thuringiensis has been used as a bioinsecticide to control agricultural insects. bacillus cereus group genomes were found to have a bacillus enhancin-like (bel) gene, encoding a peptide with 20 to 30% identity to viral enhancin protein, which can enhance viral infection by degradation of the peritrophic matrix (pm) of the insect midgut. in this study, the bel gene was found to have an activity similar to that of the viral enhancin gene. a bel knockout mutant was constructed by using a p ... | 2009 | 19542344 |
| nmr metabolic profiling of transgenic maize with the cry1ab gene. | the metabolic profiles of seeds from the transgenic maize variety 33p67 and of the corresponding traditional variety were investigated using one- and two-dimensional nmr techniques. the transgenic variety carries a functional cry1a(b) gene, which confers to the plant the ability to produce bt insect toxin. about 40 water-soluble metabolites in the maize seed extracts were identified, providing a more complete (1)h and (13)c nmr assignment with respect to the assignment reported in the literature ... | 2009 | 19545151 |
| fluorescence correlation spectroscopy of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c monitors the interplay of substrate and activator lipid binding. | phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c (pi-plc) enzymes simultaneously interact with the substrate, pi, and with nonsubstrate lipids such as phosphatidylcholine (pc). for bacillus thuringiensis pi-plc these interactions are synergistic with maximal catalytic activity observed at low to moderate mole fractions of pc (x(pc)) and maximal binding occurring at low mole fractions of anionic lipids. it has been proposed that residues in alpha-helix b help to modulate membrane binding and that di ... | 2009 | 19548649 |
| cloning and characterization of the cry1ac-binding alkaline phosphatase (hvalp) from heliothis virescens. | membrane-bound alkaline phosphatases (malps, ec 3.1.3.1) in the insect midgut have been reported as functional receptors for cry toxins from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis. we previously reported the identification of hvalp in the midgut of heliothis virescens larvae as a cry1ac-binding protein that is down-regulated in cry1ac-resistant insects. to further characterize hvalp, we localized malp protein to foregut and midgut tissues using anti-malp serum and then cloned five malps from h. vi ... | 2009 | 19552892 |
| a mid-gut microbiota is not required for the pathogenicity of bacillus thuringiensis to diamondback moth larvae. | the mode of action of the entomopathogenic bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) remains a matter of debate. recent reports have claimed that aseptic lepidopteran hosts were not susceptible to bt and that inoculation with mid-gut bacteria restores pathogenicity. these claims are controversial because larvae were rendered aseptic by consuming antibiotics, although the effect of these antibiotics on bt was not examined. we tested the generality of the mid-gut bacteria hypothesis in the diamondback ... | 2009 | 19555371 |
| risk assessment of toxins derived from bacillus thuringiensis-synergism, efficacy, and selectivity. | this review deals with publications concerning the mode of action of bt proteins and their potential synergism with extrinsic factors. the aim was to assess the impact of those factors especially regarding selectivity and efficacy of bt toxins and to discuss possible gaps in current risk assessment of genetically engineered plants expressing bt toxins. | 2010 | 19557450 |
| expressed sequence tags from larval gut of the european corn borer (ostrinia nubilalis): exploring candidate genes potentially involved in bacillus thuringiensis toxicity and resistance. | lepidoptera represents more than 160,000 insect species which include some of the most devastating pests of crops, forests, and stored products. however, the genomic information on lepidopteran insects is very limited. only a few studies have focused on developing expressed sequence tag (est) libraries from the guts of lepidopteran larvae. knowledge of the genes that are expressed in the insect gut are crucial for understanding basic physiology of food digestion, their interactions with bacillus ... | 2009 | 19558725 |
| characterization of the mechanism of action of the genetically modified cry1abmod toxin that is active against cry1ab-resistant insects. | bacillus thuringiensis cry toxins are used in the control of insect pests. they are pore-forming toxins with a complex mechanism that involves the sequential interaction with receptors. they are produced as protoxins, which are activated by midgut proteases. activated toxin binds to cadherin receptor, inducing an extra cleavage including helix alpha-1, facilitating the formation of a pre-pore oligomer. the toxin oligomer binds to secondary receptors such as aminopeptidase and inserts into lipid ... | 2009 | 19559004 |
| induced production of chitinase to enhance entomotoxicity of bacillus thuringiensis employing starch industry wastewater as a substrate. | induced production of chitinase during bioconversion of starch industry wastewater (siw) to bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki hd-1 (btk) based biopesticides was studied in shake flask as well as in computer-controlled fermentors. siw was fortified with different concentrations (0%; 0.05%; 0.1%; 0.2%; 0.3% w/v) of colloidal chitin and its consequences were ascertained in terms of btk growth (total cell count and viable spore count), chitinase, protease and amylase activities and entomotoxicity ... | 2009 | 19564105 |
| a case of "pseudo science"? a study claiming effects of the cry1ab protein on larvae of the two-spotted ladybird is reminiscent of the case of the green lacewing. | 2010 | 19565349 | |
| peritrophic membrane contribution to bt cry d-endotoxin susceptibility in lepidoptera and the effect of calcofluor. | in an effort to determine a reason for differing susceptibilities to bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry d-endotoxins amongst lepidopteran species, the peritrophic membrane (pm), and a number of agents that target the pm, were investigated to determine their effect on the efficacy of bt toxins. in particular calcofluor is able to disrupt the pm that acts as a barrier to microorganisms. although bt toxins have been shown to traverse the pm in some lepidopteran species, new data shows that toxins can ... | 2009 | 19567227 |
| synthesis and antibacterial activity of some new heterocycles incorporating phthalazine. | 3-(1,4-dioxo-3,4,4e,5,10,10a-hexahydro-1h-5,10-benzeno-benzo[g]phthalazin-2-yl)-3-oxo-propiononitrile (1) was utilized as key intermediate for the synthesis of some new iminocoumarin 2, chromenone 3, aminothiazole 4, triazepine 5a, b and 6, hydrazono-propiononitrile 7, pyridopyrazotriazine 8, monobromo 9, dibromo 10 quinoxaline 11, ketene n,s-acetal 13, ketene s,s-diacetal 17 and 18a, b and methyl dithioate 20 derivatives, respectively. the newly synthesized compounds were characterized by ir, ( ... | 2009 | 19570595 |
| a novel mosquitocidal bacillus thuringiensis strain llp29 isolated from the phylloplane of magnolia denudata. | eleven bacillus thuringiensis isolates were recovered from phylloplanes of magnolia denudata, a specific source of new strains of b. thuringiensis. among these, a new strain, llp29, was found to be most toxic to mosquitoes based on the results of preliminary toxicity analysis. phase contrast microscopy, mosquitocidal activity, polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis and parasporal inclusion were performed to learn more about the characteristics of this novel mosquitocidal isolate. the lc(50) va ... | 2010 | 19577911 |
| asymmetrical cross-resistance between bacillus thuringiensis toxins cry1ac and cry2ab in pink bollworm. | transgenic crops producing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins kill some key insect pests and can reduce reliance on insecticide sprays. sustainable use of such crops requires methods for delaying evolution of resistance by pests. to thwart pest resistance, some transgenic crops produce 2 different bt toxins targeting the same pest. this "pyramid" strategy is expected to work best when selection for resistance to 1 toxin does not cause cross-resistance to the other toxin. the most widely used pyr ... | 2009 | 19581574 |
| development of a pcr assay for identification of the bacillus cereus group species. | a pcr technique was developed as a reliable and rapid identification method for the bacillus cereus group species, based on a unique conserved sequence of the motb gene (encoding flagellar motor protein) from b. cereus, bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus anthracis. | 2010 | 19583794 |
| report claims no yield advantage for bt crops. | 2009 | 19587654 | |
| synergistic interactions between cry1ac and natural cotton defenses limit survival of cry1ac-resistant helicoverpa zea (lepidoptera: noctuidae) on bt cotton. | larvae of the bollworm helicoverpa zea (boddie) show some tolerance to bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry1ac, and can survive on cry1ac-expressing bt cotton, which should increase resistance development concerns. however, field-evolved resistance has not yet been observed. in a previous study, a population of h. zea was selected for stable resistance to cry1ac toxin. in the present study, we determined in laboratory bioassays if larvae of the cry1ac toxin-resistant h. zea population show higher sur ... | 2009 | 19588197 |
| the pattern of toxin genes and expression of diarrheal enterotoxins in bacillus thuringiensis strains isolated from commercial bioinsecticides. | 2009 | 19588259 | |
| a molecular dynamics model of the bt toxin cyt1a and its validation by resonance energy transfer. | cyt1a is a cytolytic toxin from bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis. a computer model of the toxin in solution was generated and validated by resonance energy transfer (ret). the average distance between the two tryptophans (residues 158 and 161) and the fluorescently labeled cysteine 190 was 2.16 nm, which closely matched the distance predicted in computer simulations, 2.2 nm. the simulation results were able to explain two previous experimental observations: (i) amino-acid sequences of all ... | 2009 | 19589636 |
| protease-resistant core form of bacillus thuringiensis cry1ie: monomeric and oligomeric forms in solution. | cry1ie is encoded by cry1ie, a gene that is silent in bacillus thuringiensis strains but can be over-expressed in escherichia coli. a protease-resistant core form of cry1ie with a molecular weight of approx. 55 kda was found among the products of trypsin digestion. the oligomer and monomer of the protease-resistant core form were purified separately. the oligomer fraction contained a small quantity of dimer and a large amount of aggregates larger than tetramers. the 50% lethal concentrations (lc ... | 2009 | 19590825 |
| crystal structure of bacillus thuringiensis cry8ea1: an insecticidal toxin toxic to underground pests, the larvae of holotrichia parallela. | crystal (cry) proteins belong to an insect toxin family encoded and expressed by a variety of bacillus thuringiensis isolates, and are named due to their in vivo auto-crystallization abilities. to kill the infected host insects, protease-activated cry toxins should firstly be recognized by certain membrane receptors on the surface of insect midgut epithelial cells and consequently assemble together as lethal transmembrane pores. here we report the 2.2-a crystal structure of cry8ea1 toxin, a cry ... | 2009 | 19591941 |
| modified bacillus thuringiensis toxins and a hybrid b. thuringiensis strain counter greenhouse-selected resistance in trichoplusia ni. | resistance of greenhouse-selected strains of the cabbage looper, trichoplusia ni, to bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki was countered by a hybrid strain of b. thuringiensis and genetically modified toxins cry1abmod and cry1acmod, which lack helix alpha-1. resistance to cry1abmod and cry1acmod was >100-fold less than resistance to native toxins cry1ab and cry1ac. | 2009 | 19592525 |
| decomposition dynamics and structural plant components of genetically modified bt maize leaves do not differ from leaves of conventional hybrids. | the cultivation of genetically modified bt maize has raised environmental concerns, as large amounts of plant residues remain in the field and may negatively impact the soil ecosystem. in a field experiment, decomposition of leaf residues from three genetically modified (two expressing the cry1ab, one the cry3bb1 protein) and six non-transgenic hybrids (the three corresponding non-transformed near-isolines and three conventional hybrids) was investigated using litterbags. to elucidate the mechan ... | 2010 | 19609704 |
| trichogramma (hymenoptera: trichogrammatidae) ecology in a tropical bt transgenic cotton cropping system: sampling to improve seasonal pest impact estimates in the ord river irrigation area, australia. | trichogramma westwood (hymenoptera: trichogrammatidae) cause high mortality rates in the potentially resistant pest species, helicoverpa armigera (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), and are considered integral to the resistance management plan for bacillus thuringiensis transgenic cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., production in the ord river irrigation area (oria), western australia. measured as percentage of parasitism, trichogramma activity seems highly variable over time; yet, it contributes sign ... | 2009 | 19610415 |
| cry2ab tolerance response of helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae) populations from crylac cotton planting region. | helicoverpa armigera (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) is an important lepidopteran pest of cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., in asia. transgenic cotton expressing the cry1ac gene from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) has been widely planted for control of this pest. for managing the potential risk from resistance evolution in this pest, a new transgenic bt cotton containing cry1ac and cry2ab genes (gene pyramided strategy) was designed as a successor of cry1ac cotton. this article reports on levels of ... | 2009 | 19610441 |
| effects of pink bollworm resistance to bacillus thuringiensis on phenoloxidase activity and susceptibility to entomopathogenic nematodes. | widespread planting of crops genetically engineered to produce insecticidal toxins from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) imposes selection on many key agricultural pests to evolve resistance to bt. fitness costs can slow the evolution of bt resistance. we examined effects of entomopathogenic nematodes on fitness costs of bt resistance in the pink bollworm, pectinophora gossypiella (saunders) (lepidoptera: gelechiidae), a major pest of cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., in the southwestern u ... | 2009 | 19610442 |
| quantification of cry1ac and cry1f bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal proteins in selected transgenic cotton plant tissue types. | quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to characterize the geographical (locations) and temporal (through 6 wk) expression of crylac, from bacillus thuringiensis variety kurstaki, and cry1f, from b. thuringiensis variety aizawai, in transgenic cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., plant structures. terminal leaves, squares (flower buds), flowers, bolls (fruit), and mature leaves located five and eight nodes below the terminal apex were sampled during weeks 2, 4, and 6 after the initi ... | 2009 | 19610451 |
| supplemental control of lepidopterous pests on bt transgenic sweet corn with biologically-based spray treatments. | biologically-based spray treatments, including nucleopolyhedroviruses, neem, and spinosad, were evaluated as supplemental controls for the fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith), and corn earworm, helicoverpa zea (boddie) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), on transgenic sweet corn, zea mays (l.) (poales: poaceae), expressing a cry1ab toxin from bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bacillales: bacillaceae) (bt). overall, transgenic corn supported lower densities of both pests than did nontransgeni ... | 2009 | 19611255 |
| novel pink bollworm resistance to the bt toxin cry 1ac: effects on mating, oviposition, larval development and survival. | bt cotton plants are genetically engineered to produce insecticidal toxins from the bacillus thuringiensis (bt) berliner (bacillales: bacillaceae) bacterium and target key lepidopteran pests. in all previous strains of pink bollworm, pectinophora gossypiella (saunders) (lepidoptera: gelechiidae) selected in the laboratory for resistance to insecticidal cry1ac toxin using an artificial diet containing the toxin, resistance to cry1ac and to bt cotton is linked to three cadherin alleles (r1, r2, an ... | 2009 | 19613847 |
| concurrent degradation of dimethyl phthalate (dmp) during production of bacillus thuringiensis based biopesticides. | bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (btk) predominantly used as a microbial insecticide was tested for concomitant degradation of dimethyl phthalate (dmp). different concentrations of dmp, 100, 200, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/l were initially spiked in tryptic soya broth medium. a control of tryptic soya broth without dmp was also included. the experiments were carried out for 48 h at 30 degrees c and 250 rpm and growth, enzyme and biocontrol assay was evaluated. dmp concentration until 500 mg/l did ... | 2009 | 19615820 |
| a three-domain kazal-type serine proteinase inhibitor exhibiting domain inhibitory and bacteriostatic activities from freshwater crayfish procambarus clarkii. | in crustaceans, kazal-type serine proteinase inhibitors in hemolymph are believed to function as regulators of the host-defense reactions or inhibitors against proteinases from microorganisms. in this study, we report a kazal-type serine proteinase inhibitor, named hcpcspi1, from freshwater crayfish (procambarus clarkii). we found that hcpcspi1 is composed of a putative signal peptide, an rgd motif, and three tandem kazal-type domains with the domain p1 residues l, l and e, respectively. mainly, ... | 2009 | 19616577 |
| the small acid soluble proteins (sasp alpha and sasp beta) of bacillus weihenstephanensis and bacillus mycoides group 2 are the most distinct among the bacillus cereus group. | the bacillus cereus group includes bacillus anthracis, b. cereus, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus mycoides and bacillus weihenstephanensis. the small acid soluble spore protein (sasp) beta has been previously demonstrated to be among the biomarkers differentiating b. anthracis and b. cereus; sasp beta of b. cereus most commonly exhibits one or two amino acid substitutions when compared to b. anthracis. sasp alpha is conserved in sequence among these two species. neither sasp alpha nor beta for ... | 2009 | 19616612 |
| [genetic transformation of bt gene into sorghum (sorghum bicolor l.) mediated by agrobacterium tumefaciens]. | sorghum (sorghum bicolor l.) was one of the most important crops in the world next to wheat, rice, maize, soybean and barley. using the callus derived from immature inflorescence as the recipients, we efficiently transformed sorghum varieties 115, ics21b and 5-27 with the insecticidal bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry1ab gene carried in the t-dna of binary vectors which contained hygromycin resistance gene and gus gene via agrobacterium tumefaciens. after gradient selection with hygromycin, a tota ... | 2009 | 19621584 |
| [characterization of insecticidal crystal protein cry gene of bacillus thuringiensis from soil of sichuan basin and cloning of novel holotype cry gene]. | in order to systematically investigate the cry gene resources from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) in different ecological regions in sichuan basin and further clone novel cry genes. | 2009 | 19623955 |
| coleopteran-specific and putative novel cry genes in iranian native bacillus thuringiensis collection. | the characterization of the strains containing coleopteran-specific and also putative novel cry genes in iranian native bacillus thuringiensis collection is presented. characterization was based on pcr analysis using 31 general and specific primers for cry1b, cry1i, cry3a, cry3b, cry3c, cry7a, cry8a, cry8b, cry8c, cry14, cry18, cry26, cry28, cry34 and cry35 genes, protein band patterns as well as their insecticidal activity on xanthogaleruca luteola mull. larvae. forty six isolates (65.7%) conta ... | 2009 | 19631215 |
| a caenorhabditis elegans glycolipid-binding galectin functions in host defense against bacterial infection. | galectins are a family of beta-galactoside-binding proteins that are widely found among animal species and that regulate diverse biological phenomena. to study the biological function of glycolipid-binding galectins, we purified recombinant caenorhabditis elegans galectins (lec-1-11) and studied their binding to c. elegans glycolipids. we found that lec-8 binds to glycolipids in c. elegans through carbohydrate recognition. it has been reported that cry5b-producing bacillus thuringiensis strains ... | 2009 | 19635802 |
| cry1 genes from bacillus thuringiensis: specificity determination and implications for primer design. | some pest management programs employ pcr to identify cry1 genes from bacillus thuringiensis to predict bacterial toxicity towards different insect pests. however, due to changes on the mode of action of the cry proteins, new primers had to be designed to detect the new genes. therefore, an 'in-silico' study of genetic sequences from five cry1 subclasses was carried out and characterized by molecular tools. the design of new primers allows for more precise selection of b. thuringiensis isolates, ... | 2009 | 19636520 |
| susceptibility of culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae) field populations in cyprus to conventional organic insecticides, bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, and methoprene. | culex pipiens pipiens l. populations on cyprus were sampled over a 6-yr period from 2002 to 2008 to evaluate the status of insecticide resistance toward the insecticides temephos, chlorpyrifos, and permethrin and to study susceptibility levels toward the recently introduced bacterial insecticide bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis de barjac and the juvenile hormone analog, methoprene. susceptibility to the three conventional chemical insecticides varied between different collections, with ... | 2009 | 19645293 |
| survey of bacterial populations present in us-produced linerboard with high recycle content. | to survey paperboard products from 17 us mills for bacterial populations and for bacteria potentially harmful to human health. | 2010 | 19645765 |
| parasporin-2 requires gpi-anchored proteins for the efficient cytocidal action to human hepatoma cells. | parasporin-2 (ps2) is a bacillus thuringiensis inclusion protein that reacts intensively with human hepatoma cells. this antitumour toxin oligomerizes at the cell surface via binding to lipid rafts, leading to the cell lysis with typical blebs around peripheral cells. we find here that glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi)-anchored proteins are involved in the cytocidal actions. depletion of the cellular cholesterol and loss of sphingolipid in lipid rafts slightly decreased cytolysis by ps2. beyond ... | 2009 | 19646502 |
| genetic basis for alkaline activation of germination in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | differences in activation between spores from strains of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis with and without the toxin-encoding plasmid pbtoxis are demonstrated. following alkaline activation, the strain bearing pbtoxis shows a significantly greater germination rate. expression of just three genes constituting a previously identified, putative ger operon from this plasmid is sufficient to produce the same phenotype and characterizes this operon as a genetic determinant of alkaline activat ... | 2009 | 19648359 |
| novel and unique diagnostic biomarkers for bacillus anthracis infection. | a search for bacterium-specific biomarkers in peripheral blood following infection with bacillus anthracis was carried out with rabbits, using a battery of specific antibodies generated by dna vaccination against 10 preselected highly immunogenic bacterial antigens which were identified previously by a genomic/proteomic/serologic screen of the b. anthracis secretome. detection of infection biomarkers in the circulation of infected rabbits could be achieved only after removal of highly abundant s ... | 2009 | 19648366 |