Publications

role of chlamydia pneumoniae and helicobacteria pylori in the development of tympanosclerosis.	the etiology of tympanosclerosis (ts) is not known, but ts commonly develops secondary to acute and chronic otitis media (com). since calcification process in ts resembles that of atherosclerosis (as), pathogens that are related to pathogenesis of as may be involved in development of ts. this prospective and controlled study, performed at a tertiary referral center, investigated a possible relationship between the presence of chlamydia (c.) pneumoniae and helicobacter (h.) pylori and the develop ...	2016	25956614
[selected aspects of chlamydophila pneumoniae infections].	chlamydophila pneumoniae was taxonomically separated from strain twar - an abbreviation of the strain isolated from humans tw-183 (material from the eye of a child in taiwan in 1965) and ar-39 (material from a student's throat swab with acute changes within airways in seattle in 1983). the basis of separation of the c. pneumoniae species was the unique structure of the elementary bodies. infection caused by c. pneumoniae is often asymptomatic (60-80% of all infections). symptomatic infections of ...	2015	25983299
pneumonia outbreak caused by chlamydophila pneumoniae among us air force academy cadets, colorado, usa.	during october 2013-may 2014, there were 102 cases of pneumonia diagnosed in us air force academy cadets. a total of 73% of tested nasal washes contained chlamydophila pneumoniae. this agent can be considered to be present on campus settings during outbreaks with numerous, seemingly disconnected cases of relatively mild pneumonia.	2015	25988545
the chlamydia pneumoniae inclusion membrane protein cpn1027 interacts with host cell wnt signaling pathway regulator cytoplasmic activation/proliferation-associated protein 2 (caprin2).	we previously identified hypothetical protein cpn1027 as a novel inclusion membrane protein that is unique to chlamydia pneumoniae. in the current study, using a yeast-two hybrid screen assay, we identified host cell cytoplasmic activation/proliferation-associated protein 2 (caprin2) as an interacting partner of cpn1027. the interaction was confirmed and mapped to the c-termini of both cpn1027 and caprin2 using co-immunoprecipitation and gst pull-down assays. a rfp-caprin2 fusion protein was rec ...	2015	25996495
infection and atherosclerosis development.	atherosclerosis is a chronic disease hallmarked by chronic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and lipid accumulation in the vasculature. although lipid modification and deposition are thought to be a major source of the continuous inflammatory stimulus, a large body of evidence suggests that infectious agents may contribute to atherosclerotic processes. this could occur by either direct effects through infection of vascular cells and/or through indirect effects by induction of cytokine and ac ...	2015	26004263
[infective endocarditis caused by chlamydia pneumoniae after liver transplantation. case report].	the incidence of infective endocarditis is underestimated in solid organ transplant recipients. the spectrum of pathogens is different from the general population. the authors report the successful treatment of a 58-year-old woman with infective endocarditis caused by atypical microorganism and presented with atypical manifestations. past history of the patient included alcoholic liver cirrhosis and cadaver liver transplantation in february 2000. one year after liver transplantation hepatitis b ...	2015	26004549
mechanisms of apoptosis inhibition in chlamydia pneumoniae-infected neutrophils.	the obligatory intracellular bacterium chlamydia pneumoniae (c. pneumoniae) can survive and multiply in neutrophil granulocytes. since neutrophils are short living cells, inhibition of neutrophil apoptosis appears to play a major role in the productive infection of neutrophils by c. pneumoniae. in the present study, we have investigated which survival pathways and which events of the apoptotic process are modulated in c. pneumoniae-infected neutrophils. all infection experiments were carried out ...	2015	26005182
the association between infectious burden and parkinson's disease: a case-control study.	the etiology of parkinson's disease (pd) remains unclear. the aim of this study was to examine the association between common pathogenic infections and pd.	2015	26037459
detection of chlamydia pneumoniae in a collection of captive snakes and response to treatment with marbofloxacin.	in a collection of 58 snakes comprising predominantly eurasian vipers in switzerland, five snakes died unexpectedly during hibernation from 2009 to 2012. in one snake, organisms resembling chlamydiae were detected by immunohistochemistry in multiple histiocytic granulomas. real-time quantitative pcr and microarray analysis were used to determine the presence of chlamydia pneumoniae in tissue samples and cloacal/choanal swabs from snakes in the collection; 8/53 (15.1%) of the remaining snakes wer ...	2015	26049258
chlamydia pneumoniae and helicobacter pylori igg seropositivities are not predictors of osteoporosis-associated bone loss: a prospective cohort study.	the potential link between infection with chlamydia pneumoniae or helicobacter pylori and osteoporosis has not been investigated in population-based longitudinal studies. a total of 250 healthy postmenopausal women who participated in a prospective cohort study were evaluated for igg antibodies directed against c. pneumoniae and h. p ylori, osteoprotegerin (opg), the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa b ligand (rankl), crosslaps, and osteocalcin. bone mineral density (bmd) was measured a ...	2016	26056026
anti-chlamydial igg neutralizing ability in nonzoonotic atypical community acquired respiratory tract infections.	chlamydophila pneumoniae is a pathogenic agent, involved in various types of infection. this study has evaluated the ability of igg antibodies in outpatient, with acute respiratory tract infections from c. pneumoniae, to neutralize in vitro purified elementary bodies of this bacterium, revealing a good neutralizing performance of igg antibodies.	2015	26063946
chlamydia pneumoniae and immunoinflammatory reactions in an unstable atherosclerotic plaque in humans.	comparative study of the walls of the aorta, coronary artery, and a. basilaris detected for the first time intra- and extracellular depositions of chlamydia pneumoniae in unstable atherosclerotic plaques. no chlamydia were detected in the intima of normal sites of the vascular wall and just negligible levels thereof in stable atherosclerotic plaques. an unstable plaque with intra- and extracellular colonies was characterized by infiltration of the cap and intima adjacent to the atheromatous core ...	2015	26085364
chlamydia pneumoniae acute liver infection affects hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride metabolism in mice.	chlamydia pneumoniae has been linked to atherosclerosis, strictly associated with hyperlipidemia. the liver plays a central role in the regulation of lipid metabolism. since in animal models c. pneumoniae can be found at hepatic level, this study aims to elucidate whether c. pneumoniae infection accelerates atherosclerosis by affecting lipid metabolism.	2015	26086356
is there a relationship between parkinson's disease and chlamydia pneumoniae?	the aim was to investigate a possible relationship between chlamydia pneumoniae and parkinson's disease (pd).	2017	26096238
chlamydia trachomatis infection may increase the risk of preeclampsia.	although the etiology of preeclampsia is not well understood, it has been suggested that excessive systemic inflammation may lead to oxidative stress, promoting the endothelial dysfunction characteristic of preeclampsia. few prospective studies have examined the role of infection, an immune system stimulator, as a risk factor for preeclampsia.	2013	26105737
specific inflammatory stimuli lead to distinct platelet responses in mice and humans.	diverse and multi-factorial processes contribute to the progression of cardiovascular disease. these processes affect cells involved in the development of this disease in varying ways, ultimately leading to atherothrombosis. the goal of our study was to compare the differential effects of specific stimuli--two bacterial infections and a western diet--on platelet responses in apoe-/- mice, specifically examining inflammatory function and gene expression. results from murine studies were verified ...	2015	26148065
the lignan-containing extract of schisandra chinensis berries inhibits the growth of chlamydia pneumonia.	the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect and selectivity of an extract of schisandra chinensis berries against chlamydia pneumoniae and c. trachomatis. among the ethnopharmacological uses of the extract from schisandrae fructus are cough and pneumonia. therefore we focused on respiratory pathogens. the extract completely inhibited the growth of c. pneumoniae strain cv6 at 250 μg/ml concentration. the inhibition of c. pneumoniae and c. trachomatis growth was dose dependent and esta ...	2015	26197536
design, synthesis and evaluation of novel polypharmacological antichlamydial agents.	discovery of new polypharmacological antibacterial agents with multiple modes of actions can be an alternative to combination therapy and also a possibility to slow development of antibiotic resistance. in support to this hypothesis, we synthesized 16 compounds by combining the pharmacophores of chlamydia trachomatis inhibitors and inhibitors of type iii secretion (t3s) in gram-negative bacteria. in this study we have developed salicylidene acylhydrazide sulfonamides (11c &11d) as new antichlamy ...	2015	26204507
pathogen transcriptional profile in nasopharyngeal aspirates of children with acute respiratory tract infection.	acute respiratory tract infections (ari) present a significant morbidity and pose a global health burden. patients are frequently treated with antibiotics although ari are most commonly caused by virus, strengthening the need for improved diagnostic methods.	2015	26209405
prevalence and characterization of chlamydia dna in zoo animals in japan.	because many people visit zoos, prevention of zoonoses is important from the standpoint of public health. this study examined the prevalence of chlamydia among zoo animals in japan by pcr and characterized these bacteria by performing phylogenetic analyses of the sequences of the variable domain (vd) 2 and vd4 regions of the ompa gene, which encodes the chlamydia major outer membrane protein. fecal samples were collected from 1150 zoo animals in five zoos and examined for chlamydia dna. chlamydi ...	2015	26215334
cd8+ t cells mediate chlamydia pneumoniae-induced atherosclerosis in mice.	chlamydia pneumoniae is a community-acquired bacterial pathogen that has been strongly associated with exacerbation of atherosclerosis. we evaluated the role of cd8(+) t cells in the c57bl/6j mouse model of c. pneumoniae-induced atherosclerosis. groups of 4- to 6-week-old male wild-type c57bl/6j (wt) mice and mice with a gene deficiency in cd8α (cd8 ko mice) were infected with c. pneumoniae and fed a high fat (hf) diet. serum antibody response and serum cholesterol were comparable between infect ...	2015	26220574
mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydophila pneumoniae: a comparative study in patients with nasal polyposis and healthy controls.	the role played by mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydophila pneumoniae in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps has been the object of ongoing debate. we used real-time polymerase chain reaction to investigate the prevalence of both microorganisms in the nasal tissue samples of patients and controls.	2015	26223662
community-acquired pneumonia: an overview.	community-acquired pneumonia is still a significant cause of morbidity and mortality and is often misdiagnosed and inappropriately treated. although it can be caused by a wide variety of micro-organisms, the pneumococcus, atypicals, such as mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydophila pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus and certain gram-negative rods are the usual pathogens encountered. the site-of-care decision is critical in determining the site and type of care as well as the extent of diagnostic wo ...	2015	26224210
viruses and gram-negative bacilli dominate the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in indonesia, a cohort study.	knowledge about the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is essential for adequate management. presently, few studies about cap are available from southeast asia. this study aimed to investigate the etiology, severity, and outcome of cap in the most populous southeast asia country, indonesia.	2015	26255889
chlamydia outer protein (cop) b from chlamydia pneumoniae possesses characteristic features of a type iii secretion (t3s) translocator protein.	chlamydia spp. are believed to use a conserved virulence factor called type iii secretion (t3s) to facilitate the delivery of effector proteins from the bacterial pathogen to the host cell. important early effector proteins of the type iii secretion system (t3ss) are a class of proteins called the translocators. the translocator proteins insert into the host cell membrane to form a pore, allowing the injectisome to dock onto the host cell to facilitate translocation of effectors. copb is a predi ...	2015	26272448
chlamydia pneumoniae-related hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in an adult patient with clonal karyotype abnormality.	hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (hlh) is a rare life-threatening disease characterized by a severe hyperinflammation caused by uncontrolled proliferation of activated lymphocytes and macrophages. herein, we report a 58-year-old male who had chlamydia pneumoniae-related pneumonia, followed by aggressive hlh. an abnormal cytogenetic profile was also detected. to our knowledge, this is the first report of an adult patient with c. pneumonia-associated hlh.	2015	26275276
infectious burden and cognitive decline in the northern manhattan study.	to determine whether infectious burden (ib) is associated with worse performance and decline on a battery of neuropsychological tests.	2015	26289683
an epistatic effect of apaf-1 and caspase-9 on chlamydial infection.	chlamydia is an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen that replicates solely within a membrane-bound vacuole termed an inclusion. chlamydia seems to perturb multiple cellular processes of the host, such as, rearrangement of the membrane trafficking system for its intracellular multiplication, and inhibition of host cell apoptosis for persistent infection. in an attempt to clarify host factor involvement in apoptosis regulation, we found that inhibition of caspase-9 restricted, while apaf-1 p ...	2015	26290316
a case of interstitial pneumonia, myocarditis and severe sepsis caused by chlamydia pneumoniae.		2015	26338247
chlamydia pneumoniae-mediated inflammation in atherosclerosis: a meta-analysis.	several studies have attempted to relate the c. pneumoniae-mediated inflammatory state with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, providing inconsistent results. therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to clarify whether c. pneumoniae may contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by enhancing inflammation. 12 case-control, 6 cross-sectional, and 7 prospective studies with a total of 10,176 patients have been included in this meta-analysis. odds ratio (or) with a 95% confidence interva ...	2015	26346892
herpes simplex virus type 1 and other pathogens are key causative factors in sporadic alzheimer's disease.	this review focuses on research in epidemiology, neuropathology, molecular biology, and genetics regarding the hypothesis that pathogens interact with susceptibility genes and are causative in sporadic alzheimer's disease (ad). sporadic ad is a complex multifactorial neurodegenerative disease with evidence indicating coexisting multi-pathogen and inflammatory etiologies. there are significant associations between ad and various pathogens, including herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), cytomegalo ...	2015	26401998
specific serum immunoglobulin g against chlamydia pneumoniae in healthy children and adults in south-east of iran.	chlamydia pneumoniae (c. pneumonia) is an obligate intracellular bacterium and recognized as a risk factor for several diseases such as asthma, atherosclerosis and arthritis. the aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of c. pneumonia in healthy subjects in different age groups.	2015	26411093
comparative genomic analysis of human chlamydia pneumoniae isolates from respiratory, brain and cardiac tissues.	chlamydia pneumoniae is an obligate intracellular bacterium implicated in a wide range of human diseases including atherosclerosis and alzheimer's disease. efforts to understand the relationships between c. pneumoniae detected in these diseases have been hindered by the availability of sequence data for non-respiratory strains. in this study, we sequenced the whole genomes for c. pneumoniae isolates from atherosclerosis and alzheimer's disease, and compared these to previously published c. pneum ...	2015	26420648
transforming activities of chlamydia pneumoniae in human mesothelial cells.	knowledge in viral oncology has made considerable progress in the field of cancer fight. however, the role of bacteria as mediators of oncogenesis has not yet been elucidated. as cancer still is the leading cause of death in developed countries, understanding the long-term effects of bacteria has become of great importance as a possible means of cancer prevention. this study reports that chlamydia pneumoniae infection induces transformation of human mesothelial cells. mes1 cells infected with c. ...	2014	26421735
role of atypical pathogens and the antibiotic prescription pattern in acute bronchitis: a multicenter study in korea.	the role of atypical bacteria and the effect of antibiotic treatments in acute bronchitis are still not clear. this study was conducted at 22 hospitals (17 primary care clinics and 5 university hospitals) in korea. outpatients (aged ≥ 18 yr) who had an acute illness with a new cough and sputum (≤ 30 days) were enrolled in 2013. multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was used to detect five atypical bacteria. a total of 435 patients were diagnosed as having acute bronchitis (vs. p ...	2015	26425041
fever-triggered brugada syndrome in an adult patient presenting with hemophagocytic syndrome induced by chlamydophila pneumoniae.	a previously healthy 29-year-old man was admitted to our hospital, with a 4-day history of fever (>39°c), rigours, diaphoresis, fatigue and retro-orbital headache. on examination, he was febrile (37.8°c) and tachycardic (110 bpm). laboratory work up revealed bicytopenia (white cell count 1.37×10(9)/l, platelets 60×10(9)/l) and an increase in c reactive protein (9 mg/dl). the ecg showed st segment elevation in v1, v2 and v3 leads. the patient was admitted and investigation was initiated revealing ...	2015	26452737
comparative analysis of the growth and biological activity of a respiratory and atheroma isolate of chlamydia pneumoniae reveals strain-dependent differences in inflammatory activity and innate immune evasion.	chlamydia pneumoniae is a common human pathogen that is associated with upper and lower respiratory tract infections. it has also been suggested that c. pneumoniae infection can trigger or promote a number of chronic inflammatory conditions, including asthma and atherosclerosis. several strains of c. pneumoniae have been isolated from humans and animals, and sequence data demonstrates marked genetic conservation, leaving unanswered the question as to why chronic inflammatory conditions may occur ...	2015	26494400
etiology of community acquired pneumonia among children in india: prospective, cohort study.	childhood community acquired pneumonia (cap) is a significant problem in developing countries, and confirmation of microbial etiology is important for individual, as well as public health. however, there is paucity of data from a large cohort, examining multiple biological specimens for diverse pathogens (bacteria and viruses). the community acquired pneumonia etiology study (capes) was designed to address this knowledge gap.	2015	26528392
association of chlamydia pneumoniae infection with atherosclerotic plaque formation.	atherosclerosis is a complex multifactorial disorder. studies show that infectious microbial agents may play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis; however, these findings are conflicting. this study investigated the presence of chlamydia pneumoniae dna in atherosclerotic plaques of patients suffering from coronary artery disease. in a cross-sectional study, 85 patients (43 females and 42 males with mean age of 61±9.5, range 42-82 years) referred for coronary artery bypass graf ...	2015	26573036
development of a multiplex real-time pcr assay for detection of mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae and mutations associated with macrolide resistance in mycoplasma pneumoniae from respiratory clinical specimens.	the aim of this study was to improve detection of mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydia pneumoniae in clinical specimens by developing a multiplex real-time pcr assay that includes identification of macrolide-resistant m. pneumoniae. novel assays targeting a m. pneumoniae conserved hypothetical protein gene, m. pneumoniae 23s rrna gene mutations associated with macrolide resistance and human β-globin gene (an endogenous internal control) were designed and combined with a previously published c. pn ...	2015	26576327
m2 polarization of human macrophages favors survival of the intracellular pathogen chlamydia pneumoniae.	intracellular pathogens have developed various strategies to escape immunity to enable their survival in host cells, and many bacterial pathogens preferentially reside inside macrophages, using diverse mechanisms to penetrate their defenses and to exploit their high degree of metabolic diversity and plasticity. here, we characterized the interactions of the intracellular pathogen chlamydia pneumoniae with polarized human macrophages. primary human monocytes were pre-differentiated with granulocy ...	2015	26606059
interaction of chlamydiae with human macrophages.	the phylum chlamydiae contains several members that are well-known human pathogens, like chlamydia trachomatis and c. pneumoniae. establishing a chronic bacterial infection requires the active evasion of the host immune response. a major arm of the innate immune defence is constituted by macrophages, which fight infections by removing bacteria and triggering an adaptive immune response. however, some pathogenic chlamydia infect and survive in macrophages at least for a certain period of time. th ...	2016	26613554
lipid requirements for the enzymatic activity of mray translocases and in vitro reconstitution of the lipid ii synthesis pathway.	screening of new compounds directed against key protein targets must continually keep pace with emerging antibiotic resistances. although periplasmic enzymes of bacterial cell wall biosynthesis have been among the first drug targets, compounds directed against the membrane-integrated catalysts are hardly available. a promising future target is the integral membrane protein mray catalyzing the first membrane associated step within the cytoplasmic pathway of bacterial peptidoglycan biosynthesis. h ...	2015	26620564
chlamydia pneumoniae clinical isolate from gingival crevicular fluid: a potential atherogenic strain.	chlamydia pneumoniae has been associated to atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. the aim of our study was to characterize, for the first time, a c. pneumoniae strain isolated from the gingival crevicular fluid of a patient with chronic periodontitis, described as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. c. pneumoniae isolate was characterized and compared to the respiratory ar-39 strain by vd4-ompa genotyping and by investigating the intracellular growth in epithelial and macrophage cell l ...	2015	26636048
classification and functional analyses of putative conserved proteins from chlamydophila pneumoniae cwl029.	chlamydophila pneumoniae, a gram-negative bacterium belongs to the family chlamydiaceae, is known to cause community-acquired pneumonia and bronchitis. there is a need for genomic analyses of c. pneumoniae as its chronic infections result in reactive airway disease, lung cancer and asthma. recent advancement in the sequencing techniques led to the generation of large genomic data. in order to utilize these data, sequence-based function predictions were used for annotating the uncharacterized gen ...	2017	26649559
atypical pneumonia - screening in a tertiary care centre.	pneumonia is one of the leading infectious causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. atypical respiratory pathogens account for 30 - 40% of these infections. the three most important atypical pathogens are mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydophila pneumoniae and legionella pneumophila.	2015	26672473
phylogenetic analysis of human chlamydia pneumoniae strains reveals a distinct australian indigenous clade that predates european exploration of the continent.	the obligate intracellular bacterium chlamydia pneumoniae is a common respiratory pathogen, which has been found in a range of hosts including humans, marsupials and amphibians. whole genome comparisons of human c. pneumoniae have previously highlighted a highly conserved nucleotide sequence, with minor but key polymorphisms and additional coding capacity when human and animal strains are compared.	2015	26694618
[alzheimer's disease: the infectious hypothesis].	several hypotheses are proposed for understanding the alzheimer's disease (ad) pathological mechanisms, mainly the amyloid theory, but the process inducing aß peptide deposit, tau protein degeneration, and ultimately neuronal loss, is still to be elucidated. alteration of the blood-brain barrier and activation of neuroinflammation seem to play an important role in ad neurodegeneration, especially in the decrease of aß peptide clearance, therefore suggesting a role of infectious agents. epidemiol ...	2015	26707559
evidence for horizontal gene transfer between chlamydophila pneumoniae and chlamydia phage.	chlamydia-infecting bacteriophages, members of the microviridae family, specifically the gokushovirinae subfamily, are small (4.5-5 kb) single-stranded circles with 8-10 open-reading frames similar to e. coli phage ϕx174. using sequence information found in genbank, we examined related genes in chlamydophila pneumoniae and chlamydia-infecting bacteriophages. the 5 completely sequenced c. pneumoniae strains contain a gene orthologous to a phage gene annotated as the putative replication initiatio ...	2017	26713222
a meta-analysis of the association between chlamydia pneumoniae infection and lung cancer risk.	the association between chlamydia pneumoniae infection and lung cancer risk was not clear with small number of cases in each study. the aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the correlation between pneumonia infection and lung cancer risk by pooling the open published papers.	2015	26728667
bacterial sepsis increases survival in metastatic melanoma: chlamydophila pneumoniae induces macrophage polarization and tumor regression.		2016	26743601
causality of chlamydiae in arthritis and spondyloarthritis: a plea for increased translational research.	current molecular genetic understanding of the metabolically active persistent infection state of chlamydia trachomatis and chlamydia pneumoniae in the synovium in patients with arthritis and spondyloarthritis favors a causal relationship. here, we examine how adequately the accepted criteria for that etiologic relationship are fulfilled, emphasizing the situation in which these microorganisms cannot be cultivated by standard or other means. we suggest that this unusual situation of causality by ...	2016	26769308
the novel chlamydial adhesin cpn0473 mediates the lipid raft-dependent uptake of chlamydia pneumoniae.	chlamydiae are gram-negative, obligate intracellular pathogens that pose a serious threat to public health worldwide. chlamydial surface molecules are essential for host cell invasion. the first interaction with the host cell is thereby accomplished by the outer membrane complex protein b (omcb) binding to heparan sulfate moieties on the host cell surface, followed by the interaction of the chlamydial polymorphic membrane proteins (pmps) with host cell receptors. specifically, the interaction of ...	2016	26780295
biophysical regulation of chlamydia pneumoniae-infected monocyte recruitment to atherosclerotic foci.	chlamydia pneumoniae infection is implicated in atherosclerosis although the contributory mechanisms are poorly understood. we hypothesize that c. pneumoniae infection favors the recruitment of monocytes to atherosclerotic foci by altering monocyte biophysics. primary, fresh human monocytes were infected with c. pneumoniae for 8 h, and the interactions between monocytes and e-selectin or aortic endothelium under flow were characterized by video microscopy and image analysis. the distribution of ...	2016	26785849
localization and characterization of two putative tmh family proteins in chlamydia psittaci.	chlamydia psittaci (c. psittaci), an obligate intracellular agent of psittacosis, causes an atypical pneumonia in humans. the transmembrane head proteins (tmh) of c. psittaci, putatively belong to the inc family and presumably play similar roles. cpsit_0844 and cpsit_0846 were the putative tmh proteins of c. psittaci. to identify these two proteins, antisera were raised with fusion proteins which were prokaryotic expressed in escherichia coli and purified. by immunofluorescence assay, cpsit_0844 ...	2016	26805615
the role of solithromycin in the management of bacterial community-acquired pneumonia.	the fluoroketolide solithromycin is 2-fold more potent in vitro than telithromycin against pneumococci (including macrolide-resistant strains) and haemophilus influenzae and very active on pathogens causing atypical pneumonia. in contrast, it is a 30-fold less potent inhibitor of nicotinic receptors incriminated in telithromycin toxicity. in phase ii/iii trials, oral solithromycin once-daily (800 mg on day 1; 400 mg on days 2-5) proved effective and safe when compared to respiratory fluoroquinol ...	2016	26848612
systems biology approaches for the prediction of possible role of chlamydia pneumoniae proteins in the etiology of lung cancer.	accumulating evidence has recently supported the association of bacterial infection with the growth and development of cancers, particularly in organs that are constantly exposed to bacteria such as the lungs, colon, cervical cancer etc. our in silico study on the proteome of chlamydia pneumoniae suggests an unprecedented idea of the etiology of lung cancer and have revealed that the infection of c. pneumoniae is associated with lung cancer development and growth. it is reasonable to assume that ...	2016	26871581
the type iii secretion system-related cpn0809 from chlamydia pneumoniae.	chlamydia pneumoniae is an intracellular gram-negative bacterium that possesses a type iii secretion system (t3ss), which enables the pathogen to deliver, in a single step, effector proteins for modulation of host-cell functions into the human host cell cytosol to establish a unique intracellular niche for replication. the translocon proteins located at the top of the t3ss needle filament are essential for its function, as they form pores in the host-cell membrane. interestingly, unlike other gr ...	2016	26895250
association between bacterial infection and peripheral vascular disease: a review.	there are an increasing number of data showing a clinically important association between bacterial infection and peripheral artery disease (pad). bacteria suspected of being involved in pad pathogenesis are: periodontal bacteria, gut microbiota, helicobacter pylori, and chlamydia pneumoniae. infectious agents may be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis via activation of a systemic or local host immunological response to contamination of extravascular tissues or the vascular wall, res ...	2016	26900306
post-vaccination mdem associated with mog antibody in a subclinical chlamydia infected boy.	the mechanism of post-vaccination acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (adem) has been hypothesized as resulting from vaccination-injected antigens cross-reacting with myelin components, however, a precise etiology has been uncertain. in this report, we describe the case of a 6-year-old japanese boy who had multiphasic disseminated encephalomyelitis (mdem), and was positive for both anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (mog) antibodies and chlamydophila pneumoniae antibodies. after vaccinati ...	2016	26922251
chlamydia pneumoniae enhances the th2 profile of stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from asthmatic patients.	chlamydia pneumoniae is a cause of respiratory infection in adults and children. there is evidence for an association between atypical bacterial respiratory pathogens and the pathogenesis of asthma. we compared t helper (th) responses in c. pneumoniae - infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) in patients with or without asthma. pbmc (1×10(6)/ml) from asthmatic patients (n=11) and non-asthmatic controls (n=12) were infected or mock-infected for 1h +/- c. pneumoniae tw-183 at a multipli ...	2016	26924667
comparison of serological methods with pcr-based methods for the diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia caused by atypical bacteria.	the diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) caused by legionella pneumophila, mycoplasma pneumoniae, and chlamydophila pneumoniae is traditionally based on cultures and serology, which have special requirements, are time-consuming, and offer delayed results that limit their clinical usefulness of these techniques. we sought to develop a multiplex pcr (mpcr) method to diagnosis these bacterial infections in cap patients and to compare the diagnostic yields obtained from mpcr of nasopharyn ...	2016	26932735
common mechanisms involved in alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes: a key role of chronic bacterial infection and inflammation.	strong epidemiologic evidence and common molecular mechanisms support an association between alzheimer's disease (ad) and type 2-diabetes. local inflammation and amyloidosis occur in both diseases and are associated with periodontitis and various infectious agents. this article reviews the evidence for the presence of local inflammation and bacteria in type 2 diabetes and discusses host pathogen interactions in chronic inflammatory disorders. chlamydophyla pneumoniae, helicobacter pylori and spi ...	2016	26961231
chronic chlamydia pneumoniae lung infection: a neglected explanation for macrolide effects in wheezing and asthma? - authors' reply.		2016	26973163
chronic chlamydia pneumoniae lung infection: a neglected explanation for macrolide effects in wheezing and asthma?		2016	26973164
role of chlamydia pneumoniae in community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized jordanian adults.	this study investigated the role of chlamydia pneumoniae in the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) in jordanian adults.	2016	27031454
lower-leg cellulitis-like manifestations of erythema nodosum induced by chlamydophila pneumoniae infection.		2017	27057055
regulating inflammatory immune response to atherogenic antigens prevents development and progression of atherosclerosis in new zealand white rabbits.	inflammatory immune response to atherogenic self-antigens plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. we evaluated the role of oral tolerance to three peptides in controlling atherosclerosis in new zealand white rabbits.	2016	27062234
relationship among chlamydia and mycoplasma pneumoniae seropositivity, ikzf1 genotype and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a general japanese population: the nagahama study.	chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is a possible risk factor for cardiovascular disease. the association of copd with the pathogenicity of infection with chlamydia pneumoniae and mycoplasma pneumoniae is controversial. we conducted a cross-sectional study to clarify the association between atypical pneumoniae seropositivity and copd in a general population. we also investigated genetic polymorphisms conferring susceptibility to a pneumonia titer. the study included 9040 japanese subjec ...	2016	27082601
sero-epidemiological assessment of chlamydia trachomatis infection and sub-fertility in samoan women.	in our recent village-based cross-sectional study, the prevalence of nucleic acid amplification technique (naat) diagnosed chlamydia trachomatis (ct) in sexually active samoan women was very high (36 %), and test positivity was associated with sub-fertility. we conducted a serological and epidemiological analysis in these participants to identify if serological data can provide further insight into the potential contribution of ct to sub-fertility in this population.	2016	27102989
chlamydia pneumoniae, and mycoplasma pneumoniae: are they related to severe asthma in childhood?	mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydia pneumoniae are frequent agents of acute respiratory diseases and they have been recognized as infectious triggers of asthma.	2016	27120360
association between chlamydia pneumoniae and migraine: a study from a tertiary center in india.	to investigate the association between circulating chlamydia pneumoniae (c pneumoniae) immunoglobulin g (igg) antibody and migraine in indian patients.	2016	27128479
chlamydial antibiotic resistance and treatment failure in veterinary and human medicine.	the chlamydiaceae are widespread pathogens of both humans and animals. chlamydia trachomatis infection causes blinding trachoma and reproductive complications in humans. chlamydia pneumoniae causes human respiratory tract infections and atypical pneumonia. chlamydia suis infection is associated with conjunctivitis, diarrhea, and failure to gain weight in domestic swine. chlamydial infections in humans and domesticated animals are generally controlled by antibiotic treatment-particularly macrolid ...	2017	27218014
genome wide analysis of chlamydia pneumoniae for candidate vaccine development.	chlamydia pneumoniae (c. pneumoniae) is a pathogen associated with respiratory tract infection of humans and its viable presence in atherosclerotic plaques is also assumed to play significant function in cardiac diseases. unavailability of effective antimicrobial drugs has implicated the urgent need of some more disease associated vaccines that may provide relief efficiently. thus, present study has been undertaken to analyse the whole proteome of c. pneumoniae in order to propose bacterial prot ...	2016	27225643
pathogens causing upper respiratory tract infections in outpatients.	the aim of the present study was to determine the results of typical and atypical bacteria microbiological tests in patients with symptoms of chronic cough. we investigated 230 outpatients aged from 1 to 83 years (112 female, 72 male, and 46 children) who were free of any respiratory tract infection at the time of study. the material for the investigation consisted of pharyngeal swabs. two hundred and thirty pharyngeal swabs were examined for chlamydia pneumoniae antigen and for typical pathogen ...	2016	27235165
oral administration of recombinant mycobacterium smegmatis expressing a tripeptide construct derived from endogenous and microbial antigens prevents atherosclerosis in apoe(-/-) mice.	immunotherapy by inducing oral tolerance to atherogenic self-antigens is gaining importance as an alternative treatment modality for atherosclerosis. the use of live bacterial vectors to express the recombinant antigen in vivo will obviate the need for large-scale purification of recombinant protein and may also augment the efficacy of oral tolerance induction.	2016	27241889
coinfections with influenza virus and atypical bacteria: implications for severe outcomes?		2016	27249224
lack of strong association of chlamydia pneumoniae and atherosclerosis in a jordanian population.	the correlation of chlamydia pneumoniae to coronary artery disease (cad) in jordan was investigated in this study.	2016	27249520
community-acquired pneumonia related to intracellular pathogens.	community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality worldwide; the annual incidence of cap among adults in europe has ranged from 1.5 to 1.7 per 1000 population. intracellular bacteria are common causes of cap. however, there is considerable variation in the reported incidence between countries and change over time. the intracellular pathogens that are well established as causes of pneumonia are legionella pneumophila, mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydophila ...	2016	27276986
amphipathic β2,2-amino acid derivatives suppress infectivity and disrupt the intracellular replication cycle of chlamydia pneumoniae.	we demonstrate in the current work that small cationic antimicrobial β2,2-amino acid derivatives (mw < 500 da) are highly potent against chlamydia pneumoniae at clinical relevant concentrations (< 5 μm, i.e. < 3.4 μg/ml). c. pneumoniae is an atypical respiratory pathogen associated with frequent treatment failures and persistent infections. this gram-negative bacterium has a biphasic life cycle as infectious elementary bodies and proliferating reticulate bodies, and efficient treatment is challe ...	2016	27280777
etiology of parapneumonic effusion and pleural empyema in children. the role of conventional and molecular microbiological tests.	an increasing incidence of parapneumonic effusion and pleural empyema (ppe/pe) has been reported in recent studies. as only few data on etiology of ppe/pe in central europe have been reported, we undertook a study on the etiology of ppe/pe in children, using both standard culture and molecular techniques.	2016	27296817
effects of murine norovirus on chlamydia pneumoniae-accelerated atherosclerosis in apoe(-/-) mice.	chlamydia pneumoniae (cpn), a common respiratory pathogen of humans, is associated with human cardiovascular disease and the acceleration of atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic animal models. our laboratory has demonstrated that murine norovirus (mnv), a prevalent infection of laboratory mice, can unpredictably alter atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic ldlr(-/-) and apoe(-/-) mice. given that mnv has a tropism for macrophages and may exacerbate atherogenesis, we investigated whether coinfection with ...	2016	27298243
epigallocatechin gallate suppresses chlamydia pneumoniae mediated ige responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells: a pilot study.	chlamydia pneumoniae (c. pneumoniae) causes respiratory infection in children and adults and is associated with asthma and induction of immunoglobulin e (ige) responses. previous studies in our laboratory reported that green tea extract (gte) and its catechin, epigallocatechin gallate (egcg) have immunoregulatory effects on ige responses. whereas tea polyphenols have in vitro inhibitory effects on the proliferation of c. pneumoniae, the in vitro effects of egcg on c. pneumoniae- mediated ige res ...	2016	27309037
molecular characterization of chlamydia pneumoniae in animals and humans from argentina: genetic characterization of chlamydia pneumoniae.	in this study, genetic diversity of chlamydia pneumoniae was investigated and the relationships between sequences amplified of different sources, clinical conditions and geographical regions of central argentina were established. samples amplified were similar to human c. pneumoniae patterns and show the high clonality of the population.	2016	27328126
prevalence of pulmonary infections caused by atypical pathogens in non-hiv immunocompromised patients.	although atypical bacteria are important causes of lower airway infections, data on their role in immunocompromised patients are scarce. the aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of atypical pulmonary infections in patients with various types of immunosuppression, and to analyze clinical characteristics of these infections. eighty non-hiv immunocompromised patients with different underlying diseases and clinical and radiological signs of pulmonary infection were enrolled. due to incomp ...	2016	27334731
the prevalence of chlamydia pneumoniae in the aortic wall and in peripheral blood of patients scheduled for coronary artery bypass grafting.	some reports confirm a potential role of chlamydia pneumoniae (chp) in atherogenesis. in order to explore possible association between chp and atherosclerosis, investigations were carried out in which the frequency of chp in the arterial wall and peripheral blood was assessed in a group of patients with chronic coronary artery disease (cad). fifty-seven patients were enrolled in the study, 13 women and 44 men aged 61.8±6.5 (47-74), with previously diagnosed cad, scheduled for planned coronary ar ...	2016	27358129
relapses of primary cutaneous anaplastic large-cell lymphoma in a female immunocompetent patient with persistent chlamydophila pneumoniae and human herpesvirus 8 infection.	we have previously reported the case of an immunocompetent female patient with a primary cutaneous cd30+ anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (pcalcl) located on her upper right eyelid characterized by the presence of a concurrent active infection by c. pneumoniae and human herpesvirus 8 (hhv8). this finding suggested for the first time a possible association of c. pneumoniae and/or hhv8 infection, or both together, with pcalcl pathogenesis in non-immunocompromised and hiv-negative subjects. the subse ...	2016	27382410
tryptophan codon-dependent transcription in chlamydia pneumoniae during gamma interferon-mediated tryptophan limitation.	in evolving to an obligate intracellular niche, chlamydia has streamlined its genome by eliminating superfluous genes as it relies on the host cell for a variety of nutritional needs like amino acids. however, chlamydia can experience amino acid starvation when the human host cell in which the bacteria reside is exposed to interferon gamma (ifn-γ), which leads to a tryptophan (trp)-limiting environment via induction of the enzyme indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (ido). the stringent response is used ...	2016	27400720
chronic infection and severe asthma.	chronic bacterial infection is implicated in both the development and severity of asthma. the atypical bacteria mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydophila pneumoniae have been identified in the airways of asthmatics and correlated with clinical features such as adult onset, exacerbation risks, steroid sensitivity, and symptom control. asthmatic patients with evidence of bacterial infection may benefit from antibiotic treatment directed towards these atypical organisms. examination of the airway mic ...	2016	27401621
serological evidence of chronic chlamydia pneumoniae infection in coronary artery disease.	recent studies have suggested that chlamydia pneumoniae infection could be involved in atherosclerosis and related clinical manifestations such as coronary artery disease, carotid artery stenosis and myocardial infarction.	2007	27408004
[distribution characteristics of mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae, and legionella pneumophila in hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infection: an analysis of 13 198 cases].	to investigate the distribution characteristics of mycoplasma pneumoniae (mp), chlamydia pneumoniae (cp), and legionella pneumophila (lp) in hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infection (arti).	2016	27412543
[community acquired pneumonia - treatment options according to the international recommendations].	pneumonia remains one of the main reasons of heath care system utilization. quick diagnosis and prompt treatment initiation determine favorable outcome. empirical antibiotic treatment allows to achieve treatment success in most patients. treatment recommendations are based on big epidemiological trials. nevertheless, it is sometimes necessary to know the definite etiologic factor of pneumonia. in these cases microbiological diagnostics is useful, i.e. sputum microscopy and culture, blood culture ...	2016	27421128
isolation of chlamydia abortus from a laboratory worker diagnosed with atypical pneumonia.	identifying the aetiological agent of atypical pneumonia in human can sometimes be a tedious process, especially in cases where mycoplasma pneumoniae, legionella species and chlamydia pneumoniae are ruled out. in such cases, a correct anamnesis of the patient is basic to clarify which pathogens might have produced the infection. for this reason, health professionals including veterinarians and laboratory personnel working with zoonotic pathogens should keep their doctors informed.	2015	27446530
signaling events in pathogen-induced macrophage foam cell formation.	macrophage foam cell formation is a key event in atherosclerosis. several triggers induce low-density lipoprotein (ldl) uptake by macrophages to create foam cells, including infections with porphyromonas gingivalis and chlamydia pneumoniae, two pathogens that have been linked to atherosclerosis. while gene regulation during foam cell formation has been examined, comparative investigations to identify shared and specific pathogen-elicited molecular events relevant to foam cell formation are not w ...	2016	27481727
viral etiology in adult influenza-like illness/acute respiratory infection and predictivity of c-reactive protein.	influenza-like illness (ili) and acute respiratory infection (ari) are common presentations during winter and indiscriminate antibiotic use contributes significantly to the emerging post-antibiotic era.	2016	27482806
impact of micro-environmental changes on respiratory tract infections with intracellular bacteria.	community-acquired pneumonia is caused by intra- and extracellular bacteria, with some of these bacteria also being linked to the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. chlamydia pneumoniae is an obligate intracellular pathogen that is highly sensitive to micro-environmental conditions controlling both pathogen growth and host immune responses. the availability of nutrients, as well as changes in oxygen, ph and interferon-γ levels, have ...	2016	27509029
chlamydia infection associated with asthma.	repeated or prolonged exposure to chlamydia pneumoniae may have a causal association with wheezing, asthmatic bronchitis and asthma.	1991	27522900
the chlamydia pneumoniae adhesin pmp21 forms oligomers with adhesive properties.	chlamydiae sp. are obligate intracellular pathogens that cause a variety of diseases in humans. the adhesion of chlamydiae to the eukaryotic host cell is a pivotal step in pathogenesis. the adhesin family of polymorphic membrane proteins (pmp) in chlamydia pneumoniae consists of 21 members. pmp21 binds to the epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr). pmps contain large numbers of fxxn (where x is any amino acid) and gga(i/l/v) motifs. at least two of these motifs are crucial for adhesion by certa ...	2016	27551038
biophysical and biochemical outcomes of chlamydia pneumoniae infection promotes pro-atherogenic matrix microenvironment.	multiple studies support the hypothesis that infectious agents may be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. chlamydia pneumoniae is strongly implicated in atherosclerosis, but the precise role has been underestimated and poorly understood due to the complexity of the disease process. in this work, we test the hypothesis that c. pneumoniae-infected macrophages lodged in the subendothelial matrix contribute to atherogenesis through pro-inflammatory factors and by cell-matrix interaction ...	2016	27582738
chlamydia pneumoniae cpj0783 interaction with huntingtin-protein14.	chlamydia pneumoniae is a gram-negative, obligate intracellular pathogen that causes community-acquired respiratory infections. after c. pneumoniae invades host cells, it disturbs the vesicle transport system to escape host lysosomal or autophagosomal degradation. by using a yeast mis-sorting assay, we found 10 c. pneumoniae candidate genes involved in aberrant vesicular trafficking in host cells. one of the candidate genes, cpj0783, was recognized by antibodies from c. pneumoniae-infected patie ...	2015	27611675