Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| identification of porcine pneumocystis carinii as a genetically distinct organism by dna amplification. | dna was amplified from lung samples from three piglets infected with pneumocystis carinii, using oligonucleotide primers designed to the p. carinii mitochondrial large subunit ribosomal rna gene. the nucleotide sequence of the amplification product was determined and indicated lack of sequence variation among these pig-derived p. carinii samples at this locus. the data showed that porcine p. carinii was genetically distinct from p. carinii isolated from other mammalian host species. | 1997 | 9164476 |
| listeriosis after fludarabine treatment for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. | the authors report a case of listeria monocytogenes septicemia in a patient with advanced cll after a single course of fludarabine, without any other immunosuppressive therapy e.g. corticosteroids. the immunosuppressive action of fludarabine in patients who are already severely immunosuppressed must be considered from a diagnostic and therapeutic point of view. listeriosis and other opportunistic infections, like pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, have been reported during and after treatment with ... | 1997 | 9168306 |
| intermittent infusion of cladribine (cda) in previously treated patients with low-grade non-hodgkin's lymphoma. | thirty-six patients with previously treated low-grade non-hodgkin's lymphoma (lg-nhl) were included in a phase ii study between august 1990 and february 1994 and treated with 0.12 mg/kg cda as a 2 h.i.v. infusion daily x v, q 28 days up to 6 courses. twenty-three were refractory to previous chemotherapy while 13 were relapsed. four patients had mantle cell lymphoma, 17 follicle centre cell derived lymphoma, 7 lymphoplasmacytoid lymphomas and, 8 had small lymphocytic lymphoma. the response rate w ... | 1997 | 9168441 |
| effect of smoking on the clinical progression of hiv-1 infection. | cigarette smoking as a risk factor in progression of hiv-1 disease was investigated in the multicenter aids cohort study of homosexual men. longitudinal data for t-cell subsets, hiv-related clinical symptoms, smoking behavior, and aids medication use were collected semiannually from 2,499 hiv-1-seropositive men for up to 9 years. survival methods, including kaplan-meier analysis and multivariate cox regression models, were used to assess the effect of cigarette smoking on development of pneumocy ... | 1997 | 9170420 |
| [hiv infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. | on june 4, 1981, mmwr published a report about pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in homosexual men in los angeles. this was the first published report. a years later, this disease was named acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). in the following year, montangier et al in france discovered the causative agent, which they called lymphadenopathy virus (lav), now known as human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). in 1985, solid-phase enzymeimmunoassay for the detection of the antibody to hiv was develope ... | 1997 | 9170967 |
| [the aids patient in anesthesia]. | treatment of a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) is very challenging, and makes great demands on the anaesthesiologist. any of an aids patient's vital organ systems may be compromised, either by the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) itself, opportunistic infections, by tumours, or as a result of aids-related drug therapies. infections of the lungs (e.g., pneumocystis carinii pneumonia) are prevalent, and cardiac impairment can be found in as many as 50% of aids patients. i ... | 1997 | 9172723 |
| how successful are we in administering prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in patients with hiv infection? | 1997 | 9175661 | |
| transmission of pneumocystis carinii from patients to hospital staff. | an extrahuman reservoir of human pathogenic pneumocystis carinii remains unknown. host to host transmission has been described in animal studies and in cluster cases among immunodeficient patients. p carinii dna has recently been detected in air filters from inpatient and outpatient rooms in departments of infectious diseases managing patients with p carinii pneumonia (pcp), suggesting the airborne route of transmission. exposure of staff to p carinii may occur in hospital departments treating p ... | 1997 | 9176532 |
| interleukin-8 and leukotriene b4 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from hiv-infected patients with bacterial pneumonia. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients are at increased risk of contracting bacterial infections, mainly pneumonia. despite this, little is known about immunopathogenic mechanisms in hiv-related bacterial pneumonia. this paper investigates the presence of the neutrophil chemotactic mediators, interleukin-8 (il_8) and leukotriene b4 (ltb4), in bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid from 27 hiv-infected patients with bacterial pneumonia. significantly elevated levels of il-8 were found i ... | 1997 | 9176651 |
| present status of purine analogs in the therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemias. | chronic lymphocytic leukemia (cll) is considered an incurable disease and therefore the management is palliative and more disease-related symptoms directed. recently, the high activity of nucleoside analogs as fludarabine (famp), 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-cda) and 2-deoxycoformycin (dcf) in low-grade nhls has caused a new reawakening interest in cll concerning new treatment strategies, the biology and prognostic factors of this disease. predominantly famp has widely been studied in cll with impr ... | 1997 | 9178835 |
| prophylactic strategies to meet infectious complications in fludarabine-treated cll. | fludarabine has emerged as salvage therapy in chlorambucil-resistant cll. however, encouraging response rates have been compromised by a high incidence of serious infectious complications. prophylactic measures to reduce the frequency of infections are needed, but up to now, there are no established standards for supportive therapy in fludarabine-treated cll. clinicians have observed an increasing frequency of life-threatening opportunistic infections but only some of these may be explained by f ... | 1997 | 9178837 |
| serum pcr of pneumocystis carinii dna in immunocompromised patients. | the detection of pneumocystis carinii dna in serum, a potentially useful and attractive tool for the diagnosis of p. carinii infection and for monitoring the success of therapeutic interventions, remains a controversial issue. in a prospective study of 29 immunocompromised patients, including 16 with hiv infection undergoing bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage, we examined 32 bronchoalveolar lavage fluids and multiple serum samples for the presence of p. carinii dna by using mitochondrial rr ... | 1997 | 9181652 |
| inhalatory pentamidine therapy and the duration of the qt interval in hiv-infected patients. | we evaluated the effect of chronic pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) prophylaxis, with a once a month dose of 300 mg of inhalatory pentamidine isethionate, on qt interval duration. we included 22 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients: 11 were on this medication and 11 were not. the two groups were matched for age, sex and hiv infection stage. no patient had any clinical condition or was under any medication known to affect the duration of the qt interval. the heart rate-correct ... | 1997 | 9183045 |
| crystal structure of the anti-bacterial sulfonamide drug target dihydropteroate synthase. | sulfonamides were amongst the first clinically useful antibacterial agents to be discovered. the identification of sulfanilamide as the active component of the dye prontosil rubrum led to the synthesis of clinically useful analogues. today sulfamethoxazole (in combination with trimethoprim), is used to treat urinary tract infections caused by bacteria such as escherichia coli and is also a first-line treatment for pneumonia caused by the fungus pneumocystis carinii, a common condition in aids pa ... | 1997 | 9187658 |
| macrophages as a source of hiv during opportunistic infections. | the source of increasing viremia that characterizes the latter stages of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) disease has remained a paradox because it occurs at a time when lymphoid tissue is quantitatively and qualitatively impaired, and the patients' cd4 t lymphocytes are steadily declining. here, macrophages, both infected and uninfected with common opportunistic pathogens of hiv disease such as mycobacterium avium complex and pneumocystis carinii, were identified as highly productive sources ... | 1997 | 9188531 |
| evaluation and medical treatment of the hiv-exposed infant. american academy of pediatrics. committee on pediatric aids. | as a result of the expanding human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection epidemic and recently published recommendations for routine hiv testing with consent for all pregnant women in the united states, pediatricians are becoming increasingly involved in providing care to infants born to hiv-infected women. this article provides guidelines about counseling the parent or care giver of the infant, use of antiretroviral therapy to reduce the risk of infection in the infant, medical treatment of th ... | 1997 | 9190556 |
| structural studies on bioactive compounds. 28. selective activity of triazenyl-substituted pyrimethamine derivatives against pneumocystis carinii dihydrofolate reductase. | triazenyl-substituted pyrimethamine derivatives 10a-s have been prepared by coupling diazotized 2,4-diamino-5-(3-amino-4-chlorophenyl)-6-ethyl pyrimidine (1c) with a series of secondary amines in aqueous sodium carbonate solution. the triazenes which are stable and poorly soluble as free bases form more soluble, but unstable, salts with alkanesulfonic acids. the lead dimethyltriazene 2,4-diamino-5[4-chloro-3-(3,3-dimethyltriazen-1-yl)phenyl]-6-et hylpyrimidine (4a) forms a crystalline ethanesulf ... | 1997 | 9191966 |
| synthesis and biological activities of conformationally restricted, tricyclic nonclassical antifolates as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductases. | seven novel tricyclic pyrimido[4,5-c][2,7]naphthyridones 5-8 and the corresponding naphthyridines 9-11 were synthesized as conformationally restricted inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) and as antitumor and/or antiinfectious agents. the analogues were designed to orient the side chain trimethoxyphenyl group in different conformationally defined positions in order to explore the effect of the side chain orientation on binding affinity and selectivity for dhfr from various species. the s ... | 1997 | 9191971 |
| pneumothorax in hiv-infected patients: role of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and pulmonary tuberculosis. | patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) are at increased risk for pneumothorax, which usually occurs in the setting of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. the rationale of the present study was based on the hypothesis that the increased incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients could favour the development of pneumothorax in such patients. a case-control study was performed comprising 140 hiv-infected patients grouped as follows: 35 ... | 1997 | 9192938 |
| species-specific trna recognition in relation to trna synthetase contact residues. | in spite of variations in the sequences of trnas, the genetic code (anticodon trinucleotides) is conserved in evolution. however, non-anticodon nucleotides which are species specific are known to prevent a given trna from functioning in all organisms. conversely, species-specific trna contact residues in synthetases should also prevent cross-species acylation in a predictable way. to address this question, we investigated the relatively small tyrosine trna synthetase where contacts of escherichi ... | 1997 | 9192996 |
| aids-related extrapulmonary pneumocystis carinii infection presenting as a solitary rectal ulcer. | extrapulmonary infection with pneumocystis carinii, although uncommon, is increasingly recognized. use of aerosolized pentamidine versus a systemic medication is thought to be a contributing factor due to the low concentrations of drug that are incapable of suppressing systemic infection. infection with p carinii has been reported in every organ system including the gastrointestinal system. a 28-year-old acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patient receiving prophylaxis with aerosolized pentamidin ... | 1996 | 9193777 |
| pulmonary complications of hiv infection. | with changes in epidemiology and the application of newer treatment and prophylactic regimens, the types of pulmonary diseases that occur in hiv-infected persons are changing. new ways to assess the progression of hiv disease and new antiretroviral treatments are available. increased survival is often coupled with worsening immunosuppression. overall mortality from pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is declining, but mortality from bacterial pneumonia and mycobacterial disease is increasing. infecti ... | 1997 | 9193862 |
| nocardiosis after bone marrow transplantation: a retrospective study. | to evaluate the spectrum of nocardiosis after marrow transplantation, we reviewed the medical records of 27 patients with nocardiosis who were treated at three centers, and we reviewed the findings of three cases reported in the literature. nocardial involvement was defined as invasive nocardiosis (n = 25), colonization (n = 4), or contamination (n = 1). the median time to the diagnosis of nocardiosis after marrow transplantation was 210 days. nocardia asteroides complex accounted for 96% of iso ... | 1997 | 9195074 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in asians and pacific islanders. | 1997 | 9195100 | |
| diagnostic strategies for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | pneumocystis carinii is an opportunistic organism that is a common cause of pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. its life cycle begins when cysts rupture and release sporozoites, which mature into trophozoites that eventually form cysts. the diagnostic methods for p. carinii pneumonia (pcp) have progressed from open lung biopsy to bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) and induced sputum analysis (isa). detection of p. carinii organisms is done with various stains that highlight sporozoites, trophozoi ... | 1997 | 9195672 |
| treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in adults with aids. | trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole remains the treatment of choice in patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) requiring intravenous therapy. those patients who require intravenous therapy who cannot tolerate or who fall therapy with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole may be treated with either pentamidine or trimetrexate (plus folinic acid), with or without orally administered dapsone. the toxicity of the former drug makes trimetrexate-based therapy the preferred second choice for parenteral us ... | 1997 | 9195673 |
| study of internal transcribed spacer and mitochondrial large-subunit genes of pneumocystis carinii hominis isolated by repeated bronchoalveolar lavage from human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients during one or several episodes of pneumonia. | the objective of this study was to type, analyze, and compare pneumocystis carinii hominis strains obtained from different samples during a given or recurrent episodes of p. carinii pneumonia (pcp) for epidemiologic purposes. we studied 36 bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) or induced sputum (is) samples from 16 human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with one or several episodes of pcp. pcr amplification and direct sequencing were performed on the two internal transcribed spacers (its1 and its ... | 1997 | 9196174 |
| simplified sample processing combined with a sensitive one-tube nested pcr assay for detection of pneumocystis carinii in respiratory specimens. | early diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, a life-threatening complication in immunosuppressed patients, may lower morbidity and mortality. we have developed a one-tube nested pcr assay for the detection of p. carinii in respiratory specimens. four primers were selected from the sequence of the small-subunit rrna gene of p. carinii to amplify a 265-bp fragment, and their specificities for p. carinii were confirmed by both theoretical evaluations (by computer-assisted comparison with the ... | 1997 | 9196175 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a, until now, healthy 46-year-old hiv-negative man]. | a 46-year-old male patient was referred from a peripheral hospital with a 5 days history of high fever, dyspnea and respiratory deterioration. direct immunofluorescence examination of bronchoalveolar fluid repeatedly showed clusters of pneumocystis carinii. high-dose sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim therapy was initiated and the patient recovered promptly during the following days. this otherwise healthy patient's past history was unremarkable in terms of prior infectious diseases. there was no evi ... | 1997 | 9198889 |
| detection of pneumocystis carinii in tracheal aspirates of intubated patients using calcofluor-white (fungi-fluor) and immunofluorescence antibody (genetic systems) stains. | to compare the detection rate of pneumocystis carinii in endotracheal aspirates with that rate in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, using calcofluor-white (fungi-fluor) and immunofluorescence antibody (genetic systems) staining methods. | 1997 | 9201045 |
| the carbohydrate recognition domain of surfactant protein a mediates binding to the major surface glycoprotein of pneumocystis carinii. | pneumocystis carinii is a common cause of life-threatening pneumonia in immunodeficient patients. pulmonary surfactant protein a (sp-a), an alveolar glycoprotein containing collagen-like and carbohydrate recognition domains (crd), binds p. carinii and enhances adherence to alveolar macrophages. in this study, we examined the structural basis of the interaction between sp-a and the major surface glycoprotein of p. carinii (msg). rat sp-a bound to purified rat p. carinii-derived msg in a saturable ... | 1997 | 9201957 |
| dihydropteroate synthase polymorphisms in pneumocystis carinii. | sulfa drugs are widely used in the treatment and prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. the nucleotide sequences of the sulfa target enzyme, dihydropteroate synthase (dhps), differed substantially in human-, rat-, and mouse-derived p. carinii. sequence variation also existed in the dhpss from human-derived isolates. six nucleotide changes were found in 6 human isolates; each was nonsynonymous and resulted in an amino acid change. several of these changes were in highly conserved regions ... | 1997 | 9203679 |
| [pulmonary complications of human immunodeficiency virus infection in sub-saharan africa]. | based on a selection of articles published in the literature and reports from international aids conferences, we present the main pulmonary complications of hiv-infection observed in sub-saharan africa. the different clinical studies demonstrate the predominance of infectious complications, mainly tuberculosis (29 to 44%) and bacterial pneumonia (21 to 35%). the frequency of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia remains low (5 to 19%). other complications (mycobacterial infection, cytomegalovirus, toxo ... | 1997 | 9205686 |
| inhibitors of delta24(25) sterol methyltransferase block sterol synthesis and cell proliferation in pneumocystis carinii. | detailed analysis of the endogenous sterol content of purified pneumocystis carinii preparations by gas-liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry suggested that this parasite can both synthesize de novo steroid skeletons (to produce delta7 sterols) and take them from the infected host (leading to delta5 sterols). in both cases the final products are 24-alkyl sterols, resulting from the action of delta24(25) and delta24(24') sterol methyltransferases, enzymes not present in vertebrates. ... | 1997 | 9210660 |
| pharmacokinetics of hyperimmune anti-human immunodeficiency virus immunoglobulin in persons with aids. | hyperimmune anti-human immunodeficiency virus immunoglobulin (hivig) is an intravenous immunoglobulin prepared from hiv-infected asymptomatic donors with a cd4 cell count greater than 400 cells/microl and a high titer of antibody to hiv-1 p24 protein. twelve persons with aids received four doses of hmg (two at 50 mg/kg of body weight and then two at 200 mg/kg) every 28 days. pharmacokinetics were evaluated by measurement of anti-p24 antibody. hivig was well tolerated, and all participants comple ... | 1997 | 9210687 |
| opportunistic infections in pediatric hiv infection: a study of 74 autopsy cases from latin america. the latin american aids pathology study group. | the present report describes opportunistic infections found at 74 autopsies of pediatric hiv/aids patients performed at several hospitals in latin american countries. fungal infections were the most common (53 cases), candida sp. (39.18%) and pneumocystis carinii (20.27%) being the most frequently recognized. other fungal diseases included histoplasmosis, aspergillosis, and cryptococcosis. viral infections were present in 31 cases, 38.7% being due to cytomegalovirus. other viruses recognized inc ... | 1997 | 9211549 |
| comparison of nursing interventions classification and current procedural terminology codes for categorizing nursing activities. | to compare the frequency with which nursing activity terms could be categorized using nursing interventions classification (nic) and current procedural terminology (cpt) codes. | 1997 | 9212508 |
| how to interpret an overview: a meta-analysis of the relative efficacy and toxicity of pneumocystis carinii prophylactic regimens. | 1997 | 9215100 | |
| rapid diagnosis of acute eosinophilic pneumonia (aep) in a patient with respiratory failure using bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) with calcofluor white (cw) staining. | a diagnosis of exclusion, acute eosinophilic pneumonia (aep) is an acute febrile illness with respiratory impairment, diffuse pulmonary infiltrates, and bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid eosinophilia. whether pulmonary eosinophilia in aep is primary or secondary remains undetermined. we report here a 22-year-old auto mechanic with severe aep and acute respiratory failure who required intubation and ventilatory support. the patient's bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid was analyzed using cultures ... | 1997 | 9219061 |
| survival of adults with aids in the united kingdom. | accurate estimates of expected survival times and survival rates of aids patients are important both for estimating the prognosis of individuals and for monitoring the progress of the hiv/aids epidemic as new treatments are introduced. they are also needed for projecting future numbers of aids cases. data on reported aids cases held at the phls aids centre at the communicable disease surveillance centre and the scottish centre for infection and environmental health confirmed the time, age, and r ... | 1997 | 9219423 |
| aseptic meningitis from trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in an hiv-infected adolescent. | adolescents infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) often confront the clinician with difficult medical problems. besides the host of opportunistic infections, which can affect these patients, side effects from medications can be frequent and, at times, life-threatening. we report a case of aseptic meningitis secondary to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy for prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii in an hiv-infected adolescent. | 1997 | 9220510 |
| discovery of selective, small-molecule inhibitors of rna complexes--ii. self-splicing group i intron ribozyme. | self-splicing group i intron rna was chosen as a potential therapeutic target for small-molecule intervention. high-throughput screening methodologies have been developed to identify small organic molecules that regulate the activities of these catalytic introns. group introns derived from pathogenic pneumocystis carinii and phage t4 were used as model systems. inhibitors identified from a library of approximately equal to 150,000 compounds were shown to regulate biochemical reactions including ... | 1997 | 9222512 |
| impact of treatment changes on the interpretation of the concorde trial. | the concorde trial compared two policies of therapy with zidovudine (zvd) in individuals with asymptomatic hiv infection: immediate or deferred zdv. participants in both groups could stop their blinded trial therapy for several reasons and/or could start open-label zdv. the difference in survival and disease progression between the two groups was estimated allowing for treatment changes. | 1997 | 9223734 |
| fulminant pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in 4 patients with dermatomyositis. | between 1989 and 1996, 4 cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) were observed in patients seronegative for the human immunodeficiency virus who were receiving corticosteroid therapy for dermatomyositis in our institution. these cases were considered unusual in light of the short delay of their onset after initiation of immunosuppressive therapy and their fulminant course: 3 of these patients died of pcp occurring during the first month of treatment with prednisone. in all 4 patients lymph ... | 1997 | 9224230 |
| opportunistic infections and psychosocial stress in hiv. | persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) are susceptible to both opportunistic infections and psychosocial crises at varying stages of their disease. many interventions, including lifestyle changes and chemoprophylaxis, may help prevent, delay or lessen the extent of the morbidities associated with immunodeficiency. in appropriate patients, prophylaxis for infections with pneumocystis carinii, mycobacterium avium complex and toxoplasma helps to reduce morbidity. | 1997 | 9225668 |
| extrapulmonary pneumocystosis. | extrapulmonary pneumocystosis is an exceedingly rare complication of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). prior to the advent of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) epidemic, only 16 cases of extrapulmonary pneumocystosis in individuals who were immunocompromised by a variety of underlying diseases had been reported. since the beginning of the hiv-1 and related pcp epidemic, at least 90 cases of extrapulmonary pneumocystosis have been reported. this review briefly presents a history ... | 1997 | 9227859 |
| the activity of triple combinations of antifolate biguanides, with and without folinic acid, against plasmodium falciparum in vitro. | at least two triple combinations of biguanides, proguanil-atovaquone-dapsone and ps-15-atovaquone-dapsone, may be useful in treating drug-resistant infections of falciparum malaria. each of these triple combinations can be considered as two synergistic combinations: proguanil-atovaquone and cycloguanil-dapsone, and ps-15-atovaquone and wr99210-dapsone, respectively. since folinic acid might mitigate the possible side-effects produced by such drug combinations, both combinations were administered ... | 1997 | 9229018 |
| temporal trends and factors associated with survival after pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in california, 1983-1992. | the authors investigated quarterly trends in survival after the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia for 19,607 patients in california in the decade from january 1, 1983, through december 31, 1992. subjects included all cases for whom p. carinii pneumonia was the initial (and only) acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)-defining diagnosis as reported to the california human immunodeficiency virus/aids surveillance registry. there was a period of rapidly improving survival from approxim ... | 1997 | 9230773 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in malawian children. | sixty children aged between 1 and 23 months admitted to queen elizabeth central hospital in blantyre, malawi for diagnosis of acute lower respiratory tract infections (alri) were investigated for laboratory diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) by indirect immunofluorescence assay on nasopharyngeal secretions. p. carinii was found in five of the 60 children. three pcp cases had aids. the clinical presentation of children with pcp was of little diagnostic value and all the children we ... | 1997 | 9230974 |
| care for the patient with aids in the icu: outcomes and ethics. | hiv infection and aids are common diagnoses in many intensive care units (icus) in the united states. although pneumocystis carinii currently represents only one quarter of all diagnoses for which hiv-infected persons are admitted to the icu, it is the disease with the most clinically applicable outcome data and, therefore, is a model for ethical decision-making regarding patients with hiv infection in the icu. despite advances in diagnosis and treatment of hiv-related p. carinii, recent studies ... | 1997 | 9233138 |
| [pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: ultrastructural study of 4 cases]. | pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (pap) is a rare and diffuse lung disease characterized by the abnormal deposition of pas positive, lipoproteinaceous material in the alveolar spaces. it has been related, mainly, to alterations in the immune state and to secondary infections. we studied four cases of pap diagnosed by light microscopy. in two cases we were able to demonstrate disseminated histoplasmosis related to immunodeficiency states (aids and malnutrition), one case with pneumocystis carinii in ... | 1997 | 9235071 |
| [radiographic findings in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and its complications in hiv patients]. | we have performed a retrospective study of 61 cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) among the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) seropositive population at the 11th health area of the comunidad de madrid with microbiological diagnosis until january 1994. we made an epidemiologic analysis of this pcp group and compared it with the epidemiologic data of the general hiv population in madrid. besides, we studied the radiologic manifestations and their possible associations with several facto ... | 1997 | 9235078 |
| infection and pathogenicity of chimeric simian-human immunodeficiency viruses in macaques: determinants of high virus loads and cd4 cell killing. | chimeric simian-human immunodeficiency viruses (shivs) carrying envelope glycoproteins derived from a t cell-macrophage dual-tropic primary isolate (human immunodeficiency virus type 1 [hiv-1] strain dh12) were constructed. when inoculated into macaque monkeys, shiv(md14) carrying simian immunodeficiency virus-derived nef established significantly higher virus loads than did shiv(md1), which contains the hiv-1 nef gene. three patterns of cd4 cell depletion were observed in infected monkeys: expo ... | 1997 | 9237701 |
| [extrapulmonary and disseminated pneumocystosis in aids. a review of the literature]. | we present a literature review about extrapulmonary and disseminated pneumocystosis in aids. the prevalence of such infections seems low but is probably under-estimated. disseminated pneumocystosis occurs in patients with profound immunosuppression, who do not receive prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia or are treated with aerolized pentamidine. the lack of specificity of symptoms may delay the diagnosis. most organs may be involved. three different presentations may be individual ... | 1997 | 9238445 |
| cd8+ t lymphocyte counts as an adjunctive predictor of cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | we encountered a case of cytomegalovirus (cmv) retinitis with spontaneous regression in association with an increased number of cd8+ but not cd4+ t lymphocytes in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). thus, we examined the number of cd4 and cd8 counts at the diagnosis of cmv retinitis and compared with those of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). all 21 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of pcp (22 episodes) and 14 cmv retinitis patients were included in this study. althou ... | 1997 | 9240493 |
| lobar or segmental consolidation on chest radiographs of patients with hiv infection. | to correlate chest radiographic abnormalities with diagnoses in hiv infected patients presenting with acute respiratory symptoms and lobar or segmental consolidation. | 1997 | 9240708 |
| epidemiology of hiv/aids in women and children in the usa. | in the usa, the aids epidemic has shown dramatic increases among women and children in the past decade with more than 70,000 cases in women and 7000 cases in children reported. acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is the seventh leading cause of death in children aged 1-4 years and the fourth leading cause of death among women aged 25-44 years. data from the national survey of childbearing women, a blinded serosurvey of blood specimens left over from routine metabolic screening of most infants bor ... | 1997 | 9240851 |
| meta-analysis of prophylactic treatments against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and toxoplasma encephalitis in hiv-infected patients. | in a meta-analysis, we examined the efficacy of aerosolized pentamidine, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and dapsone or dapsone/pyrimethamine for the prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and toxoplasma encephalitis in patients with hiv infection. of 22 trials, 13 compared trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole with aerosolized pentamidine, nine compared dapsone alone or in combination with pyrimethamine with aerosolized pentamidine, and eight compared trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole with dapsone/pyr ... | 1997 | 9241108 |
| central nervous system pneumocystosis in a patient with aids. | extrapulmonary involvement with pneumocystis carinii has been described in 0.5%-2.5% of persons with aids. one hundred nine patients with aids and confirmed extrapulmonary pneumocystosis were identified, and seven of these patients (including our patients) had central nervous system (cns) pneumocystosis. of these seven patients, six had prior aids-related complications, and three had previous p. carinii pneumonia. six patients had cns symptoms, one of whom underwent a focal neurological examinat ... | 1997 | 9243039 |
| a pneumocystis carinii multi-gene family with homology to subtilisin-like serine proteases. | copies of multi-gene family, named prt1 (protease 1), encoding a subtilisin-like serine protease were cloned from the opportunistic fungal pathogen pneumocystis carinii. comparison of the nucleotide sequence of a genomic clone and a cdna clone of prt1 from p. carinii f. sp. carinii revealed the presence of seven short introns. several different domains were predicted from the deduced amino acid sequence: an n-terminal hydrophobic signal sequence, a pro-domain, a subtilisin-like catalytic domain, ... | 1997 | 9245811 |
| steady-state effects of vitronectin and fibronectin on the binding, uptake, and degradation of pneumocystis carinii in rat alveolar macrophages. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia remains a serious complication of immunodeficiency. vitronectin (vn) and fibronectin (fn) accumulate in the lung during p. carinii infection and bind to the organism, thereby enhancing macrophage release of tnf alpha. it is not known whether vn and fn also regulate uptake and degradation of p. carinii by macrophage when present in concentrations similar to those in the lung during pneumonia. to address this, macrophages were cultured with 35s-radiolabeled p. carini ... | 1997 | 9246575 |
| understanding the devastation of aids. | a patient admitted to your unit this morning presents a dauntingly complex clinical picture. maria dejesus, 34 years old, has hiv infection, which progressed to aids last year with an episode of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. she's also experienced recurrent vaginal and esophageal candidiasis and cryptococcal meningitis, and her more recent history includes peripheral neuropathy, causing pain and numbness, as well as cognitive and motor function problems. her admission was prompted by diarrhea ... | 1997 | 9247379 |
| penetration of dapsone into cerebrospinal fluid of patients with aids. | it has been proposed that dapsone in combination with pyrimethamine could be used for prophylaxis of both pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and encephalitis due to toxoplasma gondii. ten patients with aids undergoing lumbar puncture for diagnostic purposes were studied in order to assess the penetration of dapsone into csf. blood and csf samples were obtained between 3 and 72 h following administration. six patients had received oral dapsone for at least 1 month at the dosage regimen of 100 mg twic ... | 1997 | 9249213 |
| predicting in-hospital mortality of patients with aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: an example of hierarchically optimal classification tree analysis. | a non-linear statistical classification methodology known as hierarchically optimal classification tree analysis (cta) offers promise of outperforming linear alternatives. we present the first example of cta in medicine, for an application that uses four attributes (age, body mass index, alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient, prior history of aids) to predict in-hospital mortality for a sample of 1339 patients with aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. we also illustrate use of a hold-out (cr ... | 1997 | 9249918 |
| the results of direct and indirect treatment comparisons in meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. | when little or no data directly comparing two treatments are available, investigators often rely on indirect comparisons from studies testing the treatments against a control or placebo. one approach to indirect comparison is to pool findings from the active treatment arms of the original controlled trials. this approach offers no advantage over a comparison of observational study data and is prone to bias. we present an alternative model that evaluates the differences between treatment and plac ... | 1997 | 9250266 |
| pneumocystis carinii cysts are susceptible to inactivation by chemical disinfectants. | the inactivation efficacy of eight disinfectants commonly used in laboratories and animal rooms to inactive pneumocystis carinii cysts was estimated by experimental infection in c.b-17-scid mice. the disinfectants examined in this study were 70% ethyl alcohol, 10% iodoform, 0.5% hypochlorous acid, two 1% quanternary ammonium salts, 3% hydrogen peroxide, sodium chlorite and 1% cresol soap. the lung homogenates from p. carinii infected c.b-17-scid mice were treated with each disinfectant for 15 mi ... | 1997 | 9250487 |
| late infections following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: suggested strategies for prophylaxis. | bone marrow transplant recipients remain at risk for infections for a variable period of time even after adequate hematologic reconstitution. late infections are a significant cause of morbidity and can be fatal in 4-15% of these patients. patients with chronic graft versus host disease (gvhd) and unrelated-donor transplant recipients, even without gvhd, are at particular risk. most late infections occur in the first post-transplant year, the majority are caused by bacteria, particularly encapsu ... | 1997 | 9250782 |
| impact of pregnancy on maternal aids. | to assess the impact of pregnancy on maternal acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) among tribal women in india. | 1997 | 9252934 |
| clinical spectrum of x-linked hyper-igm syndrome. | we report the clinical and immunologic features and outcome in 56 patients with x-linked hyper-igm syndrome, a disorder caused by mutations in the cd40 ligand gene. upper and lower respiratory tract infections (the latter frequently caused by pneumocystis carinii), chronic diarrhea, and liver involvement (both often associated with cryptosporidium infection) were common. many patients had chronic neutropenia associated with oral and rectal ulcers. the marked prevalence of infections caused by in ... | 1997 | 9255191 |
| defective antigen-induced lymphocyte proliferation in the x-linked hyper-igm syndrome. | we examined t-cell proliferation in five patients with x-linked hyper-igm syndrome (xhim), using a panel of antigens and lectins. all patients had impaired antigen-induced proliferation, whereas their lectin responses were normal. thus, in addition to severely depressed antibody responses, patients with xhim have a defect in antigen-specific t-cell proliferation, which may explain their susceptibility to pathogens such as pneumocystis carinii. | 1997 | 9255207 |
| [prevention of parasitic infections (excluding toxoplasmosis) in immunocompromised patients]. | immunocompromised patients, notably those with cell mediated immunity deficiency, are at risk for severe and life-threatening parasitic infections. severity and frequency of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia have led to systematically initiate prophylaxis for high-risk patients such as patients with hiv infection, hemopathy or renal transplants. cotrimoxazole has shown the best efficacy both in primary and secondary prophylaxis. side effects, notably skin rash, constitute the major limiting factor ... | 1997 | 9255333 |
| endocrine modulation of the neurotoxicity of gp120: implications for aids-related dementia complex. | hiv infection often involves the development of aids-related dementia complex, a variety of neurologic, neuropsychologic, and neuropathologic impairments. a possible contributor to aids-related dementia complex is the hiv envelope glycoprotein gp120, which damages neurons via a complex glutamate receptor- and calcium-dependent cascade. we demonstrate an endocrine modulation of the deleterious effects of gp120 in primary hippocampal and cortical cultures. specifically, we observe that gp120-induc ... | 1997 | 9256504 |
| prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: who are we missing? | to obtain population-based information on the characteristics of persons who were not receiving chemoprophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) by examining the use of primary and secondary pcp prophylaxis among san francisco residents whose aids-defining opportunistic illness was pcp in 1993. | 1997 | 9256945 |
| occurrence of pneumocystis carinii in canine distemper. | 1997 | 9257457 | |
| radioactively labelled diethylene triamine penta acetate lung scan in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and asymptomatic hiv-positive patients. | the objective of this study is to establish normal ranges for the assessment of lung permeability, using 99mtc dtpa (diethylene triamine penta acetate) aerosol by measuring the half-time of transfer from the lung in asymptomatic hiv-positive patients. also to audit the use of the test in the clinical management of outpatients with symptoms suggestive of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). a retrospective analysis of data from outpatients' notes for the audit of symptomatic patients, and prospe ... | 1997 | 9259495 |
| investigations of pneumocystosis among humans and rodents in lithuania. | pneumocystosis (pneumocystis carinii pneumonia) is a parasitic disease which in lithuania used to be diagnosed only with the use of pathohistological methods. the aim of our study was to determine prevalence of p. carinii antibodies among children and women, using immunochemical method (elisa) and to find out which groups of patients have higher antibody titres. we also addressed the question of infection with p. carinii among rodents. after investigating 9 species of rodents it was found that m ... | 1997 | 9259608 |
| pleural disease in patients with aids. | patients infected with hiv are at risk of developing a variety of infectious and malignant pleuropulmonary disorders. the three most common causes of aids-related pleural effusions are parapneumonic effusions or empyemas, tuberculosis, and kaposi's sarcoma. however, the relative frequency of these conditions varies from series to series as well as from one region of the world to another. pneumocystis carinii is a common pulmonary pathogen in aids, but it is rarely the cause of a pleural effusion ... | 1997 | 9262120 |
| a population pharmacokinetic model of trimethoprim in patients with pneumocystis pneumonia, made with parametric and nonparametric methods. | a population pharmacokinetic model of intravenously and orally administered trimethoprim in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia has been made using a parametric iterative two-stage bayesian and a nonparametric expectation maximization computer program. when good information was present in the serum level data, both methods obtained similar results. with the nonparametric expectation maximization program, the median apparent rate constant for absorp ... | 1997 | 9263388 |
| variations in medical care for hiv-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a comparison of process and outcome at two hospitals. | institutional variation in the quality of medical care may be evaluated by examining process measures, such as use of diagnostic procedures or treatment modalities, or outcome measures, such as mortality. we undertook this study to examine variations in both process and outcome of care for patients with hiv-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) at two geographically diverse, hiv-experienced, public municipal hospitals. | 1997 | 9266875 |
| pneumocystis carinii infection alters gtp-binding proteins in the lung. | the gtp-binding regulatory proteins (g proteins) in the membranes of the lung parenchyma from normal, uninfected ferrets were compared to those from immunosuppressed animals with and without pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis. in lung membranes, pertussis toxin (pt) catalyzed adp ribosylation of a 41-kda protein; treatment with cholera toxin (ct) led to ribosylation of a 44-kda polypeptide. compared to that in the normal ferrets, the level of the 44-kda protein was dramatically suppressed in the p ... | 1997 | 9267411 |
| a phase i trial to assess the value of recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (r-methug-csf, filgrastim) in accelerating the dose rate of chemotherapy for intermediate and high-grade non-hodgkin's lymphoma (nhl). the central lymphoma group. | in a multi-centre phase i study we investigated the possibility of reducing the interval between courses of standard chop (cyclophosphamide 750 mg/m2, doxorubicin 50 mg/m2, vincristine 2 mgs day 1, and prednisolone 40 mg/m2 days 1-8) from 21 days to 15 days and then 10 days using granulocyte colony stimulating factor (r-methug-csf (amgen)-filgrastim) to accelerate neutrophil recovery. patients received chop followed by g-csf 5 micrograms/kg s.c. from day 2 to the day before the next course (e.g. ... | 1996 | 9267465 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia postrestorative proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis: a role for perioperative prophylaxis in the cyclosporine era? report of a case and review of the literature. | medical management of severe ulcerative colitis has used cyclosporine with increasing frequency as an adjuvant to systemic steroids and mercaptopurine. however, the effects of combined management with cyclosporine and prednisone may lead to significant immune compromise and adversely affect operative morbidity in the event urgent surgery is required. | 1997 | 9269817 |
| inflammatory cells and activation markers in bal during acute rejection and infection in lung transplant recipients: a prospective, longitudinal study. | acute rejection of the transplanted lung is a clinical problem, since it decreases graft survival and predisposes the patient to chronic rejection and obliterative bronchiolitis (ob). in an earlier study, we had indications that eosinophil cationic protein (ecp) from activated eosinophils and hyaluronan (hya) from fibroblasts were associated with acute pulmonary rejection. this prospective longitudinal study was designed to investigate whether molecules from activated inflammatory cells in bronc ... | 1997 | 9272913 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp)]. | 1997 | 9273020 | |
| functional impairment of bronchoalveolar lavage phospholipids in early pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in rats. | surfactant abnormalities may contribute to the impairment of gas exchange observed in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. analysis of rat bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) lipid extracts from normal controls, steroid controls, trimethaprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) controls, tmp-smx/p. carinii pneumonia controls, and p. carinii pneumonia animals reveal similar total phospholipid and total protein levels. however, there was a marked reduction in phosphatidylglycerol (pg) from the bal of p. carinii pneumo ... | 1996 | 9273359 |
| [atypical morphologic lung manifestations of pneumocystis carinii infection in aids patients]. | we report on unusual presentation forms of pneumocystis carinii infection of the lung in two patients with aids. a 36-years-old woman presented a cavitation in the lung middle lobe and bullous changes in the apical portion of the right upper lobe on the chest x-ray. the biopsy of these lesions was not diagnostic and the patient was operated on. the surgical specimen of the removed lung segment showed a cavitary lesion with a border of granulation tissue with giant cells, focal recent and older h ... | 1997 | 9273544 |
| cytokine responses to the native and recombinant forms of the major surface glycoprotein of pneumocystis carinii. | pneumocystis carinii is a major opportunistic pathogen and leading cause of morbidity in patients with aids. the major surface glycoprotein (msg) of p. carinii, represented by a family of related proteins encoded by unique genes, is highly immunogenic and contains t cell-protective epitopes. we undertook the present study to define the cd4 t helper (th) response by cytokine secretion to native msg and a recombinant form of the protein, msg-b. spleen cells were collected from lewis rats and resti ... | 1997 | 9276520 |
| the mounting medical care cost for adult aids patients at the faculty of medicine, siriraj hospital: consideration for management. | from january 1993 to december 1995, case records of adult aids and hiv symptomatic patients admitted in the department of medicine, observation room and hiv counseling clinic were reviewed for the medical care cost of the patients based on the 1995 value of the thai baht. in the three years, a total of 196, 227 and 182 adult aids case were admitted as in-patients respectively. the median duration of admission was 14 days. the leading causes of admission were tuberculosis, cryptococcal meningitis ... | 1997 | 9277072 |
| interactions of parasite and host epithelial cell cycle regulation during pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1997 | 9280140 | |
| [diagnostic imaging and therapeutic implications in lung infections in patients with hiv-1 infection]. | we studied retrospectively 132 episodes of infectious pneumonias in 89 patients examined from 1990 to 1995. pneumocystis carinii was found to be the most common cause of pneumonia (33 patients). the other causes were: streptococcus pneumoniae (15), mycobacterium tuberculosis (14), pseudomonas aeruginosa (8), staphylococcus aureus (5), cytomegalovirus (4), haemophilus influentiae (4), mycobacterium avium intracellulare (2), klebsiella pneumoniae (2), e. coli (2), serratia marcescens (1). no etiol ... | 1997 | 9280934 |
| infections in paediatric renal transplant recipients. | a retrospective study of all children who had undergone renal transplantation at the national university hospital was undertaken in order to investigate the types and frequency of infections in paediatric renal transplant recipients. a total of 13 children ranging in age from 3 to 17 years were transplanted over a 7-year period from 1989 to 1996. the mean follow-up period was 40.5 months. ten patients (77%) had at least one episode of infection post-transplant, 70% of which occurred within the f ... | 1997 | 9285019 |
| [coexistence of pneumocystis carini infection and pertussis]. | 1997 | 9289310 | |
| bacterial infections in adult patients hospitalized with aids: case-control study of prophylactic efficacy of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole versus aerosolized pentamidine. | to determine the association between trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and risk of bacterial infections in persons with aids, we abstracted hospital records from 6496 adult admissions to 42 hospitals in western washington state. of these admissions, 570 involved 637 bacterial infections diagnosed among patients who had been prescribed prophylactic tmp-smx or aerosolized pentamidine. cases [admissions with bacteraemia, bacterial pneumonia, acut ... | 1997 | 9292345 |
| specificity in structure-based drug design: identification of a novel, selective inhibitor of pneumocystis carinii dihydrofolate reductase. | specificity is an important aspect of structure-based drug design. distinguishing between related targets in different organisms is often the key to therapeutic success. pneumocystis carinii is a fungal opportunist which causes a crippling pneumonia in immunocompromised individuals. we report the identification of novel inhibitors of p. carinii dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) that are selective versus inhibition of human dhfr using computational molecular docking techniques. the fine chemicals di ... | 1997 | 9294866 |
| [radiologic features of lung diseases in hiv infection in children]. | the purpose of this study was to assess the incidence of respiratory involvement in hiv-infected children, along with the radiological manifestations of the various hiv-related diseases. | 1997 | 9297396 |
| human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-related pulmonary complications in pregnancy. | with changes in the demographics of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, women and children are becoming the fastest growing group of newly infected patients. with longer survival after hiv infection, more women infected with hiv are becoming pregnant. pulmonary disease is one of the most common presenting conditions in an aids-defining illness. pneumocystis carini pneumonia and tuberculosis are the most common disorders that herald the onset of aids. they are also the most frequently e ... | 1997 | 9298723 |
| conformationally restricted analogues of trimethoprim: 2,6-diamino-8-substituted purines as potential dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors from pneumocystis carinii and toxoplasma gondii. | twenty-two 2,6-diamino-8-substituted purines (2-23) were synthesized, in which rotation around the two flexible bonds of trimethoprim (tmp), linking the pyrimidine ring to the side chain phenyl ring, was restricted by incorporation into a purine ring, in an attempt to increase the potency and selectivity of tmp against dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) from the organisms that often cause fatal opportunistic infections in patients with aids, i.e., pneumocystis carinii (pc) and toxoplasma gondii (tg) ... | 1997 | 9301665 |
| nonclassical 2,4-diamino-5-aryl-6-ethylpyrimidine antifolates: activity as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase from pneumocystis carinii and toxoplasma gondii and as antitumor agents. | twelve novel 2,4-diamino-5-(4'-benzylamino)- and 2,4-diamino-5[4'-(n-methylbenzylamino)-3'-nitrophenyl]-6-ethylp yrimidines bearing 4-substituents on the benzylamino or n-methylbenzylamino aryl ring were synthesized and evaluated as nonclassical inhibitors of pneumocystis carinii and toxoplasma gondii dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr). compounds were prepared by reaction of 2,4-diamino-5-(4'-chloro-3'-nitrophenyl)- (8) or 2,4-diamino-5-(4'-fluoro-3'-nitrophenyl)-6-ethylpyrimidine (15) with the appr ... | 1997 | 9301666 |
| early protective effect of ccr-5 delta 32 heterozygosity on hiv-1 disease progression: relationship with viral load. the seroco study group. | to determine the influence of heterozygosity for the delta 32 mutant ccr-5 allele on hiv-1 disease progression. | 1997 | 9302436 |
| inhibitory effect of human natural yeast killer toxin-like candidacidal antibodies on pneumocystis carinii. | human natural antibodies have been found that owe their candidacidal action to the mimicry of a yeast killer toxin produced by the yeast pichia anomala (pakt). candidacidal human natural antibodies (ktab) are elicited by and bind to a kt receptor (paktr) present on the cell surface of infectious pakt-sensitive microorganisms. because of the recognized susceptibility of pneumocystis carinii organisms to pakt upon the occurrence of specific paktr, we examined whether human natural ktab could also ... | 1997 | 9307982 |