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growth performance and nutrient digestibilities in nursery pigs receiving varying doses of xylanase and β-glucanase blend in pelleted wheat- and barley-based diets.in 2 experiments, dose response efficacy of a xylanase and β-glucanase blend (xb) on growth performance and ileal nutrient digestibility was investigated in nursery pigs fed pelleted wheat (triticum aestivum)- and barley (hordeum vulgare)-based diets. a basal diet (meeting nrc [1998] specifications for 6 to 30 kg bw, except for 5% lower de) was supplemented with xb to give 4 diets (0, 50, 100, and 200 g/t). the xylanase and β-glucanase blend was formulated to contain guaranteed activity of 12,20 ...201223365293
comparison of standardized ileal amino acid digestibilities in protein supplements and cereal grains for weaned pigs.standardized ileal digestibility (sid) of aa in protein ingredients and grains was determined in weaned piglets (5 kg initial bw) using the difference method. animals were fitted with a simple ileal t-cannula on day 24 or 25 of age. a synthetic diet based on corn (zea mays) starch and casein was either supplemented with an extruded soybean (glycine max) meal (esm), rice (oryza sativa) protein concentrate (rpc), full fat heat-treated soybeans (sb), corn, barley (hordeum vulgare), or wheat (tritic ...201223365298
nutritional characteristics of by-products originating from the central european ethanol fuel industry for pigs.chemical composition and nutrient and energy digestibilities were determined in 4 samples of dried distillers grains with solubles (ddgs) and 1 sample of wet distillers grains (wdg) from 4 ethanol fuel manufacturers. the cereal sources used for ethanol production were wheat (triticum aestivum; 1 sample), wheat + barley (hordeum vulgare; 2 samples), and maize (zea mays; 2 samples). the nutrient contents (expressed as % of dm) were variable, ranging from 30.5 to 39.5 cp, 4.4 to 12.3 fat, 7.5 to 12 ...201223365303
lactose in diet influences the degradation of mixed linked β(1-3;1-4)-d-glucan in the small intestine of pigs.the objective was to study the cause of variation in digestibility of mixed linked β(1-3;1-4)-d-glucan (β-glucan) in the small intestine of growing pigs. the β-glucan is an important cell wall [dietary fiber (df)] component of the endosperm of barley (hordeum vulgare) and oats (avena sativa). the digestibility of β-glucan in the small intestine from both cereals is among the highest of all df components, but in 1 study with oat-based diets it was lower (p < 0.001) than in other studies. in this ...201223365304
ileal and total tract digestibility of wet and dried wheat distillers grain products in growing pigs.the apparent ileal digestibility (aid) and apparent total tract digestibility (attd) of nutrients were evaluated in 2 commercially available products: wheat (triticum aestivum) wet distillers grain with solubles (wdgs) and wheat dried distillers grain with solubles (ddgs). two diets included (dm basis) 50% basal diet with either 50% wdgs (w) or 50% ddgs (d). the basal diet included corn (zea mays) starch, sugar, vitamins, and minerals. seven castrated male pigs with post valve t-cecum cannulas w ...201223365306
the degradation of arabinoxylan-rich cell walls in digesta obtained from piglets fed wheat-based diets varies depending on digesta collection site, type of cereal, and source of exogenous xylanase.the objective of the present study was to compare the ability of experimental and commercial xylanases to degrade, in vitro, the arabinoxylan (ax) fraction in digesta from 28-d-old piglets fed a wheat (triticum aestivum)-based diet (49% wheat). pigs were euthanized at 1, 2, 3, or 4 h after feeding; stomach and ileum contents were isolated and frozen and later used for the in vitro studies. xylan solubilization provided information regarding the ability of the enzymes to degrade ax during the har ...201223365312
effect of dietary fiber and crude protein content in feed on nitrogen retention in pigs.eight gilts (29.9 ± 1.7 kg initial bw) were used to evaluate effects of dietary (crude) fiber on n excretion via feces and urine at 2 levels of dietary cp. pigs were fed 4 dietary treatments according to a double 4 × 4 latin square. treatments were low (14%) cp and low (3.25%) (crude) fiber (lpaa), low cp and high (4.46%) fiber (lpaabp), high (18.8%) cp and low fiber (hp), and high cp and high fiber (hpbp). diets were based on soybean (glycine max) meal, wheat (triticum aestivum), and maize (zea ...201223365315
degradation and fermentation characteristics of wheat coproducts from flour milling in the pig intestine studied in vitro.use of wheat (triticum aestivum) flour milling coproducts (wfm) in pig diets may ameliorate high feed cost. however, digestibility of wfm is lower than feed grains, and limited information exists about their fermentation characteristics. in vitro degradation and fermentation characteristics of 6 wfm samples (2 shorts, 2 millrun, middlings, and bran) with varying fiber and protein contents were studied. after a pepsin-pancreatin hydrolysis, wfm were incubated in a buffer solution with minerals an ...201223365320
phytase improves apparent total tract digestibility of phosphorus and calcium in piglets fed diets with adequate or reduced phosphorus content.the effect of a thermotolerant 6-phytase produced by trichoderma reesei on performance and apparent total tract digestibility (attd) of p and ca was evaluated in 192 weaned piglets (randomized block design; 16 replicates; 2 piglets each). diets based on wheat (triticum aestivum), barley (hordeum vulgare), oat (avena sativa), soybean (glycine max) meal, and whey protein with adequate [positive control (pc)] or reduced [negative control (nc)] ca and p levels were fed for 46 d after weaning. the pc ...201223365327
effect of microbial phytase on phosphorus digestibility in non-heat-treated and heat-treated wheat-barley pig diets.the objective was to evaluate effects of microbial phytase on apparent total tract digestibility (attd) of p in a non-heat-treated and a heat-treated wheat (triticum aestivum)-barley (hordeum vulgare) diet fed without inorganic p in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. the basal diet was ground and half of the batch was steam pelleted at 81°c and crumbled. phytase was added at 0, 250, and 500 phytase units (ftu)/kg as-fed (aspergillus niger). the study comprised 36 pigs from 6 litters. pigs were house ...201223365331
digestible energy values of feed ingredients with or without addition of enzymes complex in growing pigs.the de values and digestible nutrients content of 6 diets were measured in 60-kg male growing pigs fed restricted amount of feed. diets were prepared from 5 ingredients [wheat (triticum aestivum), corn (zea mays), barley (hordeum vulgare), wheat bran, and soybean (glycine max) meal; inclusion levels of ingredients were not correlated] with or without carbohydrose enzyme (rovabio excel ap; 3300 endo-β-1,4-xylanase visco units and 300 endo-1,3(4)-β-glucanase units/kg of feed; 150 g/t of feed) acco ...201223365332
effects of formic acid and phytase supplementation on digestibility and use of phosphorus and zinc in growing pigs.two studies, arranged according to a 4 × 4 latin square design, were conducted to assess effects of dietary acidification on fungal 3-phytase (phy) efficacy in growing pigs. in exp. 1, effects of supplementing 500 units/kg feed of phy and 4.7 g/kg hcooh either alone or in combination on the use of p and zn in growing pigs fed a pelleted diet based on wheat (triticum aestivum), barley (hordeum vulgare), and soybean (glycine max) meal were investigated. in exp. 2 the same dietary treatments were f ...201223365333
digestibility energy and amino acids of canola meal from two species (brassica juncea and brassica napus) fed to distal ileum cannulated grower pigs.yellow-seeded brassica juncea is a novel canola species targeted to grow in the southern canadian prairies where thermotolerance, disease resistance, and adaptation to dry agronomic conditions are required. the support of its cultivation needs nutritional evaluation of its coproduct. the b. juncea canola meal (cm) contains less fiber than conventional, dark-seeded brassica napus cm but also slightly less lys. in a 6 × 6 latin square, 6 distal ileum cannulated pigs (47 kg bw) were fed 6 diets to ...201223365335
high-moisture air-tight storage of barley and wheat improves nutrient digestibility.barley (hordeum vulgare) and wheat (triticum aestivum) are often stored dry with 14% or less moisture, which during rainy periods may require that grains are dried after harvest. the hypothesis is that air-tight storage of high-moisture barley and wheat will increase nutrient digestibility due to chemical conversions prior to feeding. the objective was to evaluate the effect of high moisture compared to dry storage of barley and wheat on digestibility of p and cp. the crops were grown on 1 field ...201223365343
effects of dietary true digestible calcium to phosphorus ratio on growth performance and efficiency of calcium and phosphorus use in growing pigs fed corn and soybean meal-based diets.objectives of this study were to determine effects of dietary true fecal digestible ca to true digestible p ratio on growth performance and efficiency of ca and p use in growing pigs fed corn (triticum aestivum)-soybean (glycine max) meal (sbm)-based diets. experiment 1 was carried out to measure true fecal digestibility of ca and p as well as the fecal endogenous outputs of these nutrients associated with a corn and sbm-based diet in 12 yorkshire growing pigs with an average initial bw of 23.2 ...201223365347
effects of dietary supplementation with two potassium formate sources on performance of 8- to 22-kg pigs.dietary inclusion of salts of organic acids may modulate intestinal microbiota and enhance performance of pigs. published data on the effects of potassium formate (kf; ph 6.0-8.5) on pig performance are scarce compared with that of potassium diformate (kdf; ph 4.1-4.5). therefore, the objective was to evaluate the effects of kdf or kf supplementation on performance of 8- to 22-kg pigs. a 35-d growth trial was conducted with 144 pic pigs (initial bw of 7.9 ± 0.69 kg) with 6 pigs (3 gilts and 3 ba ...201223365375
genetic improvement of bread wheat yield and associated traits in spain during the 20th century.a collection of 26 wheat genotypes widely grown in spain during the 20th century was evaluated in eight contrasting environments in order to quantify breeding achievements in yield and associated traits. from 1930 to 2000, yield increased at a rate of 35·1 kg/ha/yr or 0·88%/yr, but estimations of relative genetic gain (rgg) were environment-dependent. rgg estimated for yield were positively associated with the average minimum daily temperatures from sowing to heading in the testing environments ...201323365469
effects of pulses of elevated carbon dioxide concentration on stomatal conductance and photosynthesis in wheat and rice.systems for exposing plants to elevated concentrations of co₂ may expose plants to pulses of co₂ concentrations considerably above the control set point. the importance of such pulses to plant function is unknown. single leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum cv choptank) and rice (oryza sativa cv akitakomachi) were exposed for 30 minutes to pulses of elevated co₂ similar to the frequency, duration and magnitude of pulses observed in free-air co₂ enrichment systems. stomatal conductance decreased wi ...201323368841
aegilops tauschii single nucleotide polymorphisms shed light on the origins of wheat d-genome genetic diversity and pinpoint the geographic origin of hexaploid wheat.hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum, genomes aabbdd) originated by hybridization of tetraploid triticum turgidum (genomes aabb) with aegilops tauschii (genomes dd). genetic relationships between a. tauschii and the wheat d genome are of central importance for the understanding of wheat origin and subsequent evolution. genetic relationships among 477 a. tauschii and wheat accessions were studied with the a. tauschii 10k infinium single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) array. aegilops tauschii consist ...201323374069
cloning and characterization of two argonaute genes in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).argonaute proteins are key components of rna interference (rnai), playing important roles in rna-directed gene silencing. various classes of argonaute genes have been identified from plants and might be involved in developmental regulation. however, little is known about these genes in wheat (triticum aestivum).201323374504
simultaneous transfer, introgression, and genomic localization of genes for resistance to stem rust race ttksk (ug99) from aegilops tauschii to wheat.wheat production is currently threatened by widely virulent races of the wheat stem rust fungus, puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, that are part of the ttksk (also known as 'ug99') race group. the diploid d genome donor species aegilops tauschii (2n = 2x = 14, dd) is a readily accessible source of resistance to ttksk and its derivatives that can be transferred to hexaploid wheat, triticum aestivum (2n = 6x = 42, aabbdd). to expedite transfer of ttksk resistance from ae. tauschii, a direct hybrid ...201323377571
enhanced stability of thylakoid membrane proteins and antioxidant competence contribute to drought stress resistance in the tasg1 wheat stay-green mutant.a wheat stay-green mutant, tasg1, was previously generated via mutation breeding of hs2, a common wheat cultivar (triticum aestivum l.). compared with wild-type (wt) plants, tasg1 exhibited delayed senescence indicated by the slower degradation of chlorophyll. in this study, the stability of proteins in thylakoid membranes was evaluated in tasg1 under drought stress compared with wt plants in the field as well as in seedlings in the laboratory. drought stress was imposed by controlling irrigatio ...201323378376
modification of photosynthesis and growth responses to elevated co₂ by ozone in two cultivars of winter wheat with different years of release.the beneficial effects of elevated co2 on plants are expected to be compromised by the negative effects posed by other global changes. however, little is known about ozone (o3)-induced modulation of elevated co2 response in plants with differential sensitivity to o3. an old (triticum aestivum cv. beijing 6, o3 tolerant) and a modern (t. aestivum cv. zhongmai 9, o3 sensitive) winter wheat cultivar were exposed to elevated co2 (714 ppm) and/or o3 (72 ppb, for 7h d(-1)) in open-topped chambers for ...201323378379
molecular cytogenetic analysis of wheat - elymus repens introgression lines with resistance to fusarium head blight.elymus repens (l.) gould (2n = 6x = 42, ststststhh) is a hexaploid perennial wheatgrass species from the tribe triticeae, distantly related to bread wheat triticum aestivum l. (2n = 6x = 42, aabbdd). as a potential source of resistance to fusarium head blight (fhb), e. repens was crossed to common wheat to transfer resistance genes. the progeny were advanced to homozygosity by single seed descent. a total of eight bc(1)f(9) progeny lines were selected and characterized in this study. the chromos ...201323379340
mitochondria-addressed cations decelerate the leaf senescence and death in arabidopsis thaliana and increase the vegetative period and improve crop structure of the wheat triticum aestivum.plastoquinone or its methylated form covalently bound to the membrane-penetrating decyltriphenylphosphonium cation (skq1 and skq3) retarded the senescence of arabidopsis thaliana rosette leaves and their death. dodecyltriphenylphosphonium (c(12)tpp(+)) had a similar effect. much like skq1, c(12)tpp(+) prevented production of reactive oxygen species (ros) measured by the fluorescence of 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein in mitochondria of the plant cells. skq1 augmented the length of the vegetation perio ...201323379561
characterisation of the wheat (triticum aestivum l.) transcriptome by de novo assembly for the discovery of phosphate starvation-responsive genes: gene expression in pi-stressed wheat.phosphorus (p) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. to modulate their p homeostasis, plants must balance p uptake, mobilisation, and partitioning to various organs. despite the worldwide importance of wheat as a cultivated food crop, molecular mechanisms associated with phosphate (pi) starvation in wheat remain unclear. to elucidate these mechanisms, we used rna-seq methods to generate transcriptome profiles of the wheat variety 'chinese spring' responding to 10 days o ...201323379779
a non-additive interaction in a single locus causes a very short root phenotype in wheat.non-additive allelic interactions underlie over dominant and under dominant inheritance, which explain positive and negative heterosis. these heteroses are often observed in the aboveground traits, but rarely reported in root. we identified a very short root (vsr) phenotype in the f1 hybrid between the common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) landrace chinese spring and synthetic wheat accession ta4152-71. when germinated in tap water, primary roots of the parental lines reached ~15 cm 10 days after ...201323381806
structure, transcription and post-transcriptional regulation of the bread wheat orthologs of the barley cleistogamy gene cly1.the majority of genes present in the hexaploid bread wheat genome are present as three homoeologs. here, we describe the three homoeologous orthologs of the barley cleistogamy gene cly1, a member of the ap2 gene family. as in barley, the wheat genes (designated taap2-a, -b and -d) map to the sub-telomeric region of the long arms of the group 2 chromosomes. the structure and pattern of transcription of the taap2 homoeologs were similar to those of cly1. transcript abundance was high in the floret ...201323381807
genetic characterization and mapping of the rht-1 homoeologs and flanking sequences in wheat.the introgression of reduced height (rht)-b1b and rht-d1b into bread wheat (triticum aestivum) varieties beginning in the 1960s led to improved lodging resistance and yield, providing a major contribution to the 'green revolution'. although wheat rht-1 and surrounding sequence is available, the genetic composition of this region has not been examined in a homoeologous series. to determine this, three rht-1-containing bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) sequences derived from the a, b, and d ge ...201323381809
characterization of root response to phosphorus supply from morphology to gene analysis in field-grown wheat.the adaptations of root morphology, physiology, and biochemistry to phosphorus supply have been characterized intensively. however, characterizing these adaptations at molecular level is largely neglected under field conditions. here, two consecutive field experiments were carried out to investigate the agronomic traits and root traits of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) at six p-fertilizer rates. root samples were collected at flowering to investigate root dry weight, root length density, arbusular ...201323382547
'overgrowth' mutants in barley and wheat: new alleles and phenotypes of the 'green revolution' della gene.a suppressor screen using dwarf mutants of barley (hordeum vulgare l.) led to the isolation of 'overgrowth' derivatives, which retained the original dwarfing gene but grew at a faster rate because of a new mutation. the new mutations were in the slender1 (sln1) gene (11/13 cases), which encodes the della protein central to gibberellin (ga) signalling, showed 100% genetic linkage to sln1 (1/13), or were in the spindly1 (spy1) gene (1/13), which encodes another protein involved in ga signalling. t ...201323382550
the usefulness of fungicide mixtures and alternation for delaying the selection for resistance in populations of mycosphaerella graminicola on winter wheat: a modeling analysis.a fungicide resistance model (reported and tested previously) was amended to describe the development of resistance in mycosphaerella graminicola populations in winter wheat (triticum aestivum) crops in two sets of fields, connected by spore dispersal. the model was used to evaluate the usefulness of concurrent, alternating, or mixture use of two high-resistance-risk fungicides as resistance management strategies. we determined the effect on the usefulness of each strategy of (i) fitness costs o ...201323384858
utilizing virus-induced gene silencing for the functional characterization of maize genes during infection with the fungal pathogen ustilago maydis.while in dicotyledonous plants virus-induced gene silencing (vigs) is well established to study plant-pathogen interaction, in monocots only few examples of efficient vigs have been reported so far. one of the available systems is based on the brome mosaic virus (bmv) which allows gene silencing in different cereals including barley (hordeum vulgare), wheat (triticum aestivum), and maize (zea mays).infection of maize plants by the corn smut fungus ustilago maydis leads to the formation of large ...201323386294
molecular markers as a complementary tool in risk assessments: quantifying interspecific gene flow from triticale to spring wheat and durum wheat.triticale is being considered as a bioindustrial crop in canada using genetic modification. because related spring wheat (triticum aestivum) and durum wheat (t. durum) may exhibit synchronous flowering and grow in proximity, determination of interspecific gene flow when triticale is the pollen donor is necessary to evaluate potential risk. pollen-mediated gene flow risk assessments generally rely on phenotypic markers to detect hybridization but dna markers could be powerful and less ambiguous i ...201323389776
isolation and characterization of a wheat if2 homolog required for innate immunity to stripe rust.the wheat eif2 homolog, taif2, is induced by the stripe rust pathogen cyr 32 at an early stage of inoculation and is related to the innate immunity resistance level in wheat. the initiation of translation represents a critical control point in the regulation of gene expression in all organisms. we previously identified an upregulated est s186 (el773056) from an ssh-cdna library of the shaanmai 139 strain of wheat (triticum aestivum) infected with puccinia striiformis (pst). in the present work, ...201323397275
quaternary ammonium compounds can be abundant in some soils and are taken up as intact molecules by plants.studies of organic nitrogen (n) cycling and uptake by plants have focused on protein amino acids, but the soil solution includes organic n compounds from many other compound classes. the two aims of this study were to characterize the 30-50 most abundant molecules of small (< 250 da), nonpeptide organic n in the soil solution from six soils, and to determine if two ecologically disparate species (nonmycorrhizal banksia oblongifolia and mycorrhizal triticum aestivum) have the ability to take up i ...201323397895
pmx: a recessive powdery mildew resistance gene at the pm4 locus identified in wheat landrace xiaohongpi.powdery mildew, caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (bgt), is one of the most devastating foliar diseases of wheat and imposes a constant challenge on wheat breeders. xiaohongpi, a chinese landrace of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), shows resistance to powdery mildew during the entire growth stage in the field and under controlled conditions. the f1 plants from cross of the powdery mildew susceptible cultivar yangmai158 with xiaohongpi were susceptible to isolate bgt19, the locally most pre ...201323400828
function of the wheat tasip gene in enhancing drought and salt tolerance in transgenic arabidopsis and rice.microarray analysis of a salt-tolerant wheat mutant identified a gene of unknown function that was induced by exposure to high levels of salt and subsequently denoted tasip (triticum aestivum salt-induced protein). quantitative pcr analysis revealed that tasip expression was induced not only by salt, but also by drought, abscisic acid (aba), and other environmental stress factors. transgenic rice plants that expressed an rna interference construct specific for a rice gene homologous to tasip was ...201323400831
persistent whole-chromosome aneuploidy is generally associated with nascent allohexaploid wheat.allopolyploidization has been a driving force in plant evolution. formation of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) represents a classic example of successful speciation via allopolyploidy. nevertheless, the immediate chromosomal consequences of allopolyploidization in wheat remain largely unexplored. we report here an in-depth investigation on transgenerational chromosomal variation in resynthesized allohexaploid wheats that are identical in genome constitution to common wheat. we deployed seque ...201323401544
rapid genome mapping in nanochannel arrays for highly complete and accurate de novo sequence assembly of the complex aegilops tauschii genome.next-generation sequencing (ngs) technologies have enabled high-throughput and low-cost generation of sequence data; however, de novo genome assembly remains a great challenge, particularly for large genomes. ngs short reads are often insufficient to create large contigs that span repeat sequences and to facilitate unambiguous assembly. plant genomes are notorious for containing high quantities of repetitive elements, which combined with huge genome sizes, makes accurate assembly of these large ...201323405223
modeling rhizotoxicity and uptake of zn and co singly and in binary mixture in wheat in terms of the cell membrane surface electrical potential.the usually negative, but variable electrical potential (ψ0) at the cell membrane (cm) surface influences the surface activities of free ions and the electrical driving force for the transport of ions across the cm. the rhizotoxic effects and uptake of zn(2+) and co(2+) singly and in binary mixture in wheat ( triticum aestivum l.) at three ph values (4.5, 5.5, or 6.1) were examined in terms of the free ion activities of zn(2+), co(2+), and h(+) at the cm surface (these ions are denoted {m(n+)}(0 ...201323405885
winter wheat hull (husk) is a valuable source for tricin, a potential selective cytotoxic agent.the flavone, tricin (5,7,4'-trihydroxy-3',5'-dimethoxyflavone) has great potential as an anticancer agent, due to its specific chemopreventive activity. in spite of these characteristics, its use in preclinical studies is still limited, mainly because of its limited availability and high production cost. tricin is found mainly in cereal grains, such as wheat, rice, barley, oat and maize. however, its concentration in these plants is not sufficient for commercial use. to find a reliable, rich sou ...201323411198
evidence from principal component analysis for improvement of grain shape- and spikelet morphology-related traits after hexaploid wheat speciation.grain shape and size are involved in the main components of the domestication syndrome in cereals. wheat grain shape has been dramatically altered at each stage of the domestication of tetraploid wheat and through common wheat speciation. to elucidate the evolutionary change of wheat grain shape, principal component (pc) analysis of grain shape-related traits was first conducted using wild and cultivated tetraploid, synthetic hexaploid, and common wheat accessions. the synthetic hexaploid wheat ...023412632
isolation and characterization of an endosperm-specific promoter from wheat (triticum aestivum l.).genes coding for avenin-like proteins (alp) represent a new family of wheat storage protein genes. to find a wheat endosperm-specific promoter, a 1644-bp fragment upstream of the alp type-b gene (genbank accession number jn622144) was isolated. the important promoter elements of the alp type-b gene were ascertained through sequence analysis which revealed that this fragment contains the tata and caat boxes, which are important elements in gene expression. a prolamin box containing an endosperm m ...201223413756
calcium supply effects on wheat cultivars differing in salt resistance with special reference to leaf cytosol ion homeostasis.salinity causes changes in cytosolic ca(2+), [ca(2+)]cyt, na(+), [na(+)]cyt and ph, ph cyt , which induce specific reactions and signals. reactions causing a rebalancing of the physiological homeostasis of the cytosol could result in plant resistance and growth. two wheat cultivars, triticum aestivum, seds1 and vinjett, were grown in nutrient solution for 7 days under moderate salinity (0 and 50 mm nacl) with and without extra addition of 5 mm caso4 to investigate the seedling-ion homeostasis un ...201323413983
natural variation in grain composition of wheat and related cereals.the wheat grain comprises three groups of major components, starch, protein, and cell wall polysaccharides (dietary fiber), and a range of minor components that may confer benefits to human health. detailed analyses of dietary fiber and other bioactive components were carried out under the eu fp6 healthgrain program on 150 bread wheat lines grown on a single site, 50 lines of other wheat species and other cereals grown on the same site, and 23-26 bread wheat lines grown in six environments. prin ...023414336
effect of dough mixing on wheat endosperm cell walls.dough-derived cell wall fragments isolated by ultracentrifugation were largely derived from the starchy endosperm, with some fragments deriving from the aleurone and outer layers, as indicated by fluorescence microscopy. dough mixing had little effect on the structure and composition of cell wall fragments compared to thin grain sections, as determined by fourier transform infrared (ftir) and (1)h nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy. these analyses confirmed that the fragments largely ...201323414565
wheat resistome in response to barley yellow dwarf virus infection.barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv) caused one of the most serious virus diseases of wheat (triticum aestivum) worldwide. the wheat-thinopyrum intermedium translocation line yw642 carries bydv resistance gene bdv2. to explore resistant wheat resistome in response to bydv infection, we used affymetrix genechip® wheat genome arrays to analyze transcriptomes of yw642 and its susceptible parent zhong8601 at 12 and 72 h postinoculation with bydv compared to mock-inoculated controls. relative to mock-ino ...201323417744
short, natural, and extended photoperiod response in bc2f4 lines of bread wheat with different photoperiod-1 (ppd-1) alleles.flowering is a critical period in the life cycle of flowering plant species, resulting in an irreversible commitment of significant resources. wheat is photoperiod sensitive, flowering only when daylength surpasses a critical length; however, photoperiod insensitivity (pi) has been selected by plant breeders for >40 years to enhance yield in certain environments. control of flowering time has been greatly facilitated by the development of molecular markers for the photoperiod-1 (ppd-1) homeoloci ...201323420880
introgression of novel traits from a wild wheat relative improves drought adaptation in wheat.root architecture traits are an important component for improving water stress adaptation. however, selection for aboveground traits under favorable environments in modern cultivars may have led to an inadvertent loss of genes and novel alleles beneficial for adapting to environments with limited water. in this study, we elucidate the physiological and molecular consequences of introgressing an alien chromosome segment (7dl) from a wild wheat relative species (agropyron elongatum) into cultivate ...201323426195
[study of the effects of gamma-irradiation of common wheat f1 seeds using gliadins as genetic markers].effects of irradiation of dry f1 seeds with gamma rays in the dose of 200 gy were studied. hybrids between near-isogenic lines on the basis of the variety bezostaya 1 served as the material of investigation. irradiation markedly reduced productivity traits of f1 plants and did not affect the survival of f1 plants under the given growth conditions. a significant relative increase in the frequency of pollen grains with the 1bl/1rs translocation that formed f2 seeds in comparison with the control w ...201323427608
identification of the gene pm47 on chromosome 7bs conferring resistance to powdery mildew in the chinese wheat landrace hongyanglazi.powdery mildew, caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (bgt), is an important disease that causes substantial yield losses in wheat (triticum aestivum) in china and other parts of the world. this foliar disease can be effectively managed by host resistance. the chinese landrace hongyanglazi from shaanxi province is highly resistant to many bgt isolates at the seedling stage. genetic analysis using an f2:3 population derived from a cross between hongyanglazi and susceptible cultivar zhongzuo ...201323429903
exogenous sodium nitroprusside alleviates arsenic-induced oxidative stress in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings by enhancing antioxidant defense and glyoxalase system.the present study investigates the possible regulatory role of exogenous nitric oxide (no) in mitigating oxidative stress in wheat seedlings exposed to arsenic (as). seedlings were treated with no donor (0.25 mm sodium nitroprusside, snp) and as (0.25 and 0.5 mm na2haso4·7h2o) separately and/or in combination and grown for 72 h. relative water content (rwc) and chlorophyll (chl) content were decreased by as treatment but proline (pro) content was increased. the ascorbate (asa) content was decrea ...201323430410
insect herbivores can choose microclimates to achieve nutritional homeostasis.the interaction between temperature and diet quality can affect the life history of ectotherms. the rate and ratio at which protein and carbohydrate are obtained from food are important aspects of diet quality, and insects have a well-developed capacity to adjust their feeding behaviour and post-ingestive physiology to regulate intake and allocation of these nutrients. if the supply of protein and carbohydrate varies with temperature (e.g. via effects on intake, digestion or metabolism), then he ...201323430995
comparative proteomic analysis of the effect of temperature and fertilizer on gliadin and glutenin accumulation in the developing endosperm and flour from triticum aestivum l. cv. butte 86.flour quality is largely determined by the gluten proteins, a complex mixture of proteins consisting of high molecular weight-glutenin subunits (hmw-gs), low molecular weight-glutenin subunits (lmw-gs), and α-, γ-, and ω-gliadins. detailed proteomic analyses of the effects of fertilizer and high temperature on individual gliadin and glutenin protein levels are needed to determine how these environmental factors influence flour quality.201323432757
regulation of wheat seed dormancy by after-ripening is mediated by specific transcriptional switches that induce changes in seed hormone metabolism and signaling.treatments that promote dormancy release are often correlated with changes in seed hormone content and/or sensitivity. to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of after-ripening (seed dry storage) in triggering hormone related changes and dormancy decay in wheat (triticum aestivum), temporal expression patterns of genes related to abscisic acid (aba), gibberellin (ga), jasmonate and indole acetic acid (iaa) metabolism and signaling, and levels of the respective hormones were ex ...023437172
whole genome association mapping of fusarium head blight resistance in european winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.).a total of 358 recent european winter wheat varieties plus 14 spring wheat varieties were evaluated for resistance to fusarium head blight (fhb) caused by fusarium graminearum and fusarium culmorum in four separate environments. the fhb scores based on fhb incidence (type i resistance)×fhb severity (type ii resistance) indicated a wide phenotypic variation of the varieties with blue (best linear unbiased estimation) values ranging from 0.07 to 33.67. genotyping with 732 microsatellite markers re ...201323451238
light saturated rubp oxygenation by rubisco is a robust predictor of light inhibition of respiration in triticum aestivum l.plant respiratory metabolism is complicated by the fact that the rate of non-photorespiratory mitochondrial co2 release in the light (r light) may be lower than the rate of leaf respiration in the dark (r dark). a body of work on this topic implies a linkage between light inhibition of respiration and photorespiration, although the direction of effect and underlying mechanisms remain uncertain. in this study we used a variety of short- and long-term environmental manipulations to explicitly mani ...201323451982
evaluation of the safety of ancient strains of wheat in coeliac disease reveals heterogeneous small intestinal t cell responses suggestive of coeliac toxicity.coeliac disease is a chronic small intestinal immune-mediated enteropathy triggered by dietary gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. since it is unknown if all wheat varieties are equally toxic to coeliac patients seven triticum accessions showing different origin (ancient/modern) and ploidy (di-, tetra- hexaploid) were studied.201323465776
shared influence of pathogen and host genetics on a trade-off between latent period and spore production capacity in the wheat pathogen, puccinia triticina.crop pathogens are notorious for their rapid adaptation to their host. we still know little about the evolution of their life cycles and whether there might be trade-offs between fitness components, limiting the evolutionary potential of these pathogens. in this study, we explored a trade-off between spore production capacity and latent period in puccinia triticina, a fungal pathogen causing leaf rust on wheat. using a simple multivariate (manova) technique, we showed that the covariance between ...201223467548
association analysis of genomic loci important for grain weight control in elite common wheat varieties cultivated with variable water and fertiliser supply.grain weight, an essential yield component, is under strong genetic control and markedly influenced by the environment. here, by genome-wide association analysis with a panel of 94 elite common wheat varieties, 37 loci were found significantly associated with thousand-grain weight (tgw) in one or more environments differing in water and fertiliser levels. five loci were stably associated with tgw under all 12 environments examined. their elite alleles had positive effects on tgw. four, two, thre ...201323469248
effects of exogenous abscisic acid on carbohydrate metabolism and the expression levels of correlative key enzymes in winter wheat under low temperature.two wheat (triticum aestivum) cultivars, freeze-tolerant dongnongdongmai 1 and freeze-sensitive jimai 22, were used in this study. they were grown under field conditions, the leaves were sprayed with 1 × 10(-5) mol/l aba and distilled water as control respectively at the three-true-leaf stage. application of exogenous aba increased the accumulation of carbohydrates in both cultivars, mainly in sucrose and fructose, except that the fructose content decreased in the leaves of jimai 22. exogenous a ...201323470756
translocation and degradation of tebuconazole and prothioconazole in wheat following fungicide treatment at flowering.prothioconazole and tebuconazole are among the most effective fungicides against fusarium head blight (fhb) of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the translocation between the ears and the flag leaves and the kinetics of degradation may influence field efficacy of these active ingredients (ais).201323471588
systems genetics of environmental response in the mature wheat embryo.quantitative phenotypic traits are influenced by genetic and environmental variables as well as the interaction between the two. underlying genetic × environment interaction is the influence that the surrounding environment exerts on gene expression. perturbation of gene expression by environmental factors manifests itself in alterations to gene co-expression networks and ultimately in phenotypic plasticity. comparative gene co-expression networks have been used to uncover biological mechanisms ...201323475987
proteogenomic characterization of novel x-type high molecular weight glutenin subunit 1ax1.1.analysis of portuguese wheat (triticum aestivum l.) landrace 'barbela' revealed the existence of a new x-type high molecular weight-glutenin subunit (hmw-gs) encoded at the glu-a1 locus, which we named 1ax1.1. using one-dimensional and two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, we compared subunit 1ax1.1 with other subunits encoded at the glu-a1 locus. subunit 1ax1.1 has a theoretical molecular weight of 93,648 da (or 91,508 da for the mature protein) and an isoelectric point (pi) of ...201323478438
a radiation hybrid map of chromosome 1d reveals synteny conservation at a wheat speciation locus.the species cytoplasm specific (scs) genes affect nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions in interspecific hybrids. a radiation hybrid (rh) mapping population of 188 individuals was employed to refine the location of the scs (ae) locus on triticum aestivum chromosome 1d. "wheat zapper," a comparative genomics tool, was used to predict synteny between wheat chromosome 1d, oryza sativa, brachypodium distachyon, and sorghum bicolor. a total of 57 markers were developed based on synteny or literature and g ...201323479086
identification of the isoamylase 3 gene in common wheat and its expression profile during the grain-filling period.in higher plants, isoamylase-type starch debranching enzyme catalyzes the α-1,6-glucosidic linkages of glycogen and phytoglycogen. we cloned an isoamylase-type starch debranching enzyme isa3 cdna sequence (2883 bp), designated as taisa3, from common wheat (triticum aestivum), using the rapid amplification of cdna ends method. the open reading frame of taisa3 was found to have 2331 bp, and its deduced amino acid sequence was found to share high similarity with those of other gramineous plant isa3 ...201323479162
in silico studies of c 3 metabolic pathway proteins of wheat (triticum aestivum).photosynthesis is essential for plant productivity and critical for plant growth. more than 90% of plants have a c3 metabolic pathway primarily for carbon assimilation. improving crop yields for food and fuel is a major challenge for plant biology. to enhance the production of wheat there is need to adopt the strategies that can create the change in plants at the molecular level. during the study we have employed computational bioinformatics and interactomics analysis of c3 metabolic pathway pro ...201223484105
uptake and translocation of ti from nanoparticles in crops and wetland plants.bioavailability of engineered metal nanoparticles affects uptake in plants, impacts on ecosystems, and phytoremediation. we studied uptake and translocation of ti in plants when the main source of this metal was tio2 nanoparticles. two crops (phaseolus vulgaris (bean) and triticum aestivum (wheat)), a wetland species (rumex crispus, curly dock), and the floating aquatic plant (elodea canadensis, canadian waterweed), were grown in nutrient solutions with tio2 nanoparticles (0, 6, 18 mmol ti l(-1) ...201323487992
molecular cytological characterization of two novel durum--thinopyrum intermedium partial amphiploids with resistance to leaf rust, stem rust and fusarium head blight.thinopyrum intermedium, a wild relative of wheat, is an excellent source of disease resistance. two novel partial amphiploids, 08-47-50 and 08-53-55 (2n = 6x = 42), were developed from wide crosses between durum wheat and th. intermedium. meiotic analysis showed that pollen mother cells of the two partial amphiploids formed an average 20.49 bivalents for 08-47-50 and 20.67 bivalents for 08-53-55, indicating that they are basically cytologically stable. gish analysis revealed that the two partial ...201323489247
can root electrical capacitance be used to predict root mass in soil?electrical capacitance, measured between an electrode inserted at the base of a plant and an electrode in the rooting substrate, is often linearly correlated with root mass. electrical capacitance has often been used as an assay for root mass, and is conventionally interpreted using an electrical model in which roots behave as cylindrical capacitors wired in parallel. recent experiments in hydroponics show that this interpretation is incorrect and a new model has been proposed. here, the new mod ...201323493014
structural characterization of flavonoid glycosides from leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) using lc/ms/ms profiling of the target compounds.the aim of this study was to present integrated mass spectrometric methods for the structural characterization and identification of flavonoid glycoconjugates. during the liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses, triversa nanomate chip-based system with nanoelectrospray ionization and fraction collection was combined to a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer. in the extract samples prepared from green leaves of wheat plantlets, 41 flavonoid derivatives were recognized. part of the ...201323494788
effects of feeding algal meal high in docosahexaenoic acid on feed intake, milk production, and methane emissions in dairy cows.this study examined effects on milk yield and composition, milk fatty acid concentrations and methane (ch4) emissions when dairy cows were offered diets containing different amounts of algal meal. the algal meal contained 20% docosahexaenoic acid (dha) and cows were offered either 0, 125, 250, or 375 g/cow per d of algal meal corresponding to 0, 25, 50, or 75 g of dha/cow per d. thirty-two holstein cows in mid lactation were allocated to 4 treatment groups, and cows in all groups were individual ...201323498011
diversification of the duplicated f3h genes in triticeae.the f3h gene encodes the flavonoid synthesis enzyme flavanone 3-hydroxylase. unlike most plant genomes, the bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) b genome has two, rather than just one f3h copy. the paralogous f3h-b2 sequence was isolated by pcr and shown to be transcribed, but its predicted polypeptide differed from the typical f3h sequence at a number of the conserved residues associated with its putative substrate-binding sites. the f3h-b2 promoter region was highly divergent from that of f3h-b1 ...201323503816
in silico comparative analysis and expression profile of antioxidant proteins in plants.the antioxidant system in plants is a very important defensive mechanism to overcome stress conditions. we examined the expression profile of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat) and ascorbate peroxidase (apx) using a bioinformatics approach. we explored secondary structure prediction and made detailed studies of signature pattern of antioxidant proteins in four plant species (triticum aestivum, arabidopsis thaliana, oryza sativa, and brassica juncea). fingerprinting an ...201323512671
[specific features of fertility restoration in alloplasmic lines obtained based on hybridization of self-fertilized offspring of barley-wheat (hordeum vulgare l. x triticum aestivum l.) amphiploid with common wheat varieties saratovskaya 29 and pyrotrix 28].the problems of fertility restoration in the progeny of barley-wheat hybrids (h. vulgare x t. aestivum) are explained by incompatibility between the cytoplasm of cultivated barley and the nuclear genome of common wheat. suitable models for studying these problems are alloplasmic lines that combine the cytoplasm of barley and the nuclear genome of wheat. in this work, the specific features of fertility restoration in alloplasmic common wheat lines (h. vulgare)-t. aestivum were studied depending o ...201223516898
comprehensive analysis of the transcription of starch synthesis genes and the transcription factor rsr1 in wheat (triticum aestivum) endosperm.the cdna sequences of 26 starch synthesis genes were identified in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.), and their transcript levels were measured using quantitative real-time rt-pcr to assess the function of individual genes and the regulatory mechanism in wheat endosperm. the expression patterns of 26 genes in wheat endosperm were classified into three groups. the genes in group 1 were richly expressed in the early stage of grain development and may be involved in the construction of fundamenta ...201223517321
alveograph and mixolab parameters associated with puroindoline-d1 genes in chinese winter wheats.grain texture is one of the most important characteristics of bread wheat and has a significant influence on end-use qualities.201323519461
structural and biochemical characterization of the cytosolic wheat cyclophilin tacypa-1.cyclophilins belong to a family of proteins that bind to the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin a (csa). several members of this protein family catalyze the cis-trans isomerization of peptide bonds preceding prolyl residues. the present study describes the biochemical and structural characteristics of a cytosolic cyclophilin (tacypa-1) cloned from wheat (triticum aestivum l.). purified tacypa-1 expressed in escherichia coli showed peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity, which was inhibited ...201323519664
qtl for root angle and number in a population developed from bread wheats (triticum aestivum) with contrasting adaptation to water-limited environments.root architecture traits in wheat are important in deep soil moisture acquisition and may be used to improve adaptation to water-limited environments. the genetic architecture of two root traits, seminal root angle and seminal root number, were investigated using a doubled haploid population derived from serim82 and hartog. multiple novel quantitative trait loci (qtl) were identified, each one having a modest effect. for seminal root angle, four qtl (-log10(p) >3) were identified on 2a, 3d, 6a a ...201323525632
molecular characterisation of the amino- and carboxyl-domains in different glu-a1x alleles of triticum urartu thum. ex gandil.the wild diploid wheat (triticum urartu thum. ex gandil.) is a potential gene source for wheat breeding, as this species has been identified as the a-genome donor in polyploid wheats. one important wheat breeding trait is bread-making quality, which is associated in bread wheat (t. aestivum ssp. aestivum l. em. thell.) with the high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits. in t. urartu, these proteins are encoded by the glu-a1x and glu-a1ay genes at the glu-a (u) 1 locus. the glu-a1x genes of 12 glu- ...201323525634
taabc1, a member of abc1-like family involved in hypersensitive response against the stripe rust fungal pathogen in wheat.to search for genes involved in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) defense response to the infection of stripe rust pathogen puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (pst), we identified and cloned a new wheat gene similar to the genes in the abc1-like gene family. the new gene, designated as taabc1, encodes a 717-amino acid, 80.35 kd protein. the taabc1 protein contains two conserved domains shared by abc1-like proteins, two trans-membrane domains at the c-terminal, and a 36-amino acid chloroplast targeti ...201323527058
enhanced resistance to stripe rust disease in transgenic wheat expressing the rice chitinase gene rc24.stripe rust is a devastating fungal disease of wheat worldwide which is primarily caused by puccinia striiformis f. sp tritici. transgenic wheat (triticum aestivum l.) expressing rice class chitinase gene rc24 were developed by particle bombardment of immature embryos and tested for resistance to puccinia striiformis f.sp tritici. under greenhouse and field conditions. putative transformants were selected on kanamycin-containing media. polymease chain reaction indicated that rc24 was transferred ...201323529204
aegilops tauschii draft genome sequence reveals a gene repertoire for wheat adaptation.about 8,000 years ago in the fertile crescent, a spontaneous hybridization of the wild diploid grass aegilops tauschii (2n = 14; dd) with the cultivated tetraploid wheat triticum turgidum (2n = 4x = 28; aabb) resulted in hexaploid wheat (t. aestivum; 2n = 6x = 42; aabbdd). wheat has since become a primary staple crop worldwide as a result of its enhanced adaptability to a wide range of climates and improved grain quality for the production of baker's flour. here we describe sequencing the ae. ta ...201323535592
draft genome of the wheat a-genome progenitor triticum urartu.bread wheat (triticum aestivum, aabbdd) is one of the most widely cultivated and consumed food crops in the world. however, the complex polyploid nature of its genome makes genetic and functional analyses extremely challenging. the a genome, as a basic genome of bread wheat and other polyploid wheats, for example, t. turgidum (aabb), t. timopheevii (aagg) and t. zhukovskyi (aagga(m)a(m)), is central to wheat evolution, domestication and genetic improvement. the progenitor species of the a genome ...201323535596
novel insights into the composition, variation, organization, and expression of the low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit gene family in common wheat.low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (lmw-gs), encoded by a complex multigene family, play an important role in the processing quality of wheat flour. although members of this gene family have been identified in several wheat varieties, the allelic variation and composition of lmw-gs genes in common wheat are not well understood. in the present study, using the lmw-gs gene molecular marker system and the full-length gene cloning method, a comprehensive molecular analysis of lmw-gs genes was co ...201323536608
fate of cuo and zno nano- and microparticles in the plant environment.the environmental fate of metal oxide particles as a function of size was assessed by comparing the behavior of cuo or zno nanoparticles (nps) to that of the corresponding microparticles (mps) in a sand matrix, with and without wheat (triticum aestivum l.) growth. after 14 days of incubation in the planted sand, the cuo and zno nps were increased from their nominal sizes of <50 nm and <100 nm, to ~317 nm and ~483 nm, respectively. accordingly, the negative surface charge of colloids present in a ...201323540424
metabolic indicators of drought stress tolerance in wheat: glutamine synthetase isoenzymes and rubisco.drought stress has a considerable impact on the ecosystem and agriculture. continuous water deficit induces early leaf senescence in plants. during this process, chloroplasts are degraded and photosynthesis drastically drops. the objective of this investigation was to look into the regulation of nitrogen and carbon metabolism during water deficit. rubisco (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase; ec 4.1.1.39) and the total protein contents inform us of the sink-source relation in plants. ...201323542183
transgenic wheat expressing thinopyrum intermedium myb transcription factor timyb2r-1 shows enhanced resistance to the take-all disease.the disease take-all, caused by the fungus gaeumannomyces graminis, is one of the most destructive root diseases of wheat worldwide. breeding resistant cultivars is an effective way to protect wheat from take-all. however, little progress has been made in improving the disease resistance level in commercial wheat cultivars. myb transcription factors play important roles in plant responses to environmental stresses. in this study, an r2r3-myb gene in thinopyrum intermedium, timyb2r-1, was cloned ...201323547108
global diversity and distribution of three necrotrophic effectors in phaeosphaeria nodorum and related species.population genetic and phylogenetic studies have shown that phaeosphaeria nodorum is a member of a species complex that probably shares its center of origin with wheat (triticum aestivum and triticum durum). we examined the evolutionary histories of three known necrotrophic effectors (nes) produced by p. nodorum and compared them with neutral loci. we screened over 1000 individuals for the presence/absence of each effector and assigned each individual to a multi-effector genotype. diversity at e ...201323550706
haplotype dictionary for the rht-1 loci in wheat.the introduction of reduced height (rht)-b1b and rht-d1b into bread wheat (triticum aestivum) varieties was a key component of the 'green revolution' and today these alleles are the primary sources of semi-dwarfism in wheat. the rht-1 loci encode della proteins, which are transcription factors that affect plant growth and stress tolerance. in bread wheat, rht-d1b and rht-b1b influence resistance to the disease fusarium head blight. to identify rht-1 variants, locus specific primers were develope ...201323553443
integration of mate pair sequences to improve shotgun assemblies of flow-sorted chromosome arms of hexaploid wheat.the assembly of the bread wheat genome sequence is challenging due to allohexaploidy and extreme repeat content (>80%). isolation of single chromosome arms by flow sorting can be used to overcome the polyploidy problem, but the repeat content cause extreme assembly fragmentation even at a single chromosome level. long jump paired sequencing data (mate pairs) can help reduce assembly fragmentation by joining multiple contigs into single scaffolds. the aim of this work was to assess how mate pair ...201323557231
strategy for exploiting exotic germplasm using genetic, morphological, and environmental diversity: the aegilops tauschii coss. example.hexaploid bread wheat evolved from a rare hybridisation, which resulted in a loss of genetic diversity in the wheat d-genome with respect to the ancestral donor, aegilops tauschii. novel genetic variation can be introduced into modern wheat by recreating the above hybridisation; however, the information associated with the ae. tauschii accessions in germplasm collections is limited, making rational selection of accessions into a re-synthesis programme difficult. we describe methodologies to iden ...201323558983
the role of thioredoxin h in protein metabolism during wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seed germination.thioredoxin h can regulate the redox environment in the cell and play an important role in the germination of cereals. in the present study, the thioredoxin s antisense transgenic wheat with down-regulation of thioredoxin h was used to study the role of thioredoxin h in protein metabolism during germination of wheat seeds, and to explore the mechanism of the thioredoxin s antisense transgenic wheat seeds having high resistance to pre-harvest sprouting. the qrt-pcr results showed that the express ...023562797
proteomic analysis on the leaves of tabtf3 gene virus-induced silenced wheat plants may reveal its regulatory mechanism.basic transcription factor 3 (btf3) is involved in the transcriptional initiation of rna polymerase ii and is also associated with apoptosis. in this study, virus-induced gene silencing of tabtf3 caused severe viral symptoms in wheat seedlings, which then displayed stunted growth, reduced height, and decreased total fresh and dry weights. a proteomic approach was further used to identify the protein species showing differential abundance between the tabtf3 virus-induced gene silenced wheat plant ...201323563083
the effect of two differentially expressed wheat vrn-b1 alleles on the heading time is associated with structural variation in the first intron.we measured the level of vrn-b1 transcripts within near-isogenic lines of triticum aestivum cultivar 'bezostaya 1' carrying two vrn-b1 alleles from cultivars 'saratovskaya 29' and 'diamant 2' (vrn-b1c and vrn-b1a, respectively). both lines have similar kinetics of vrn-b1 transcript accumulation at the third to fifth leaf stages. however, quantitative pcr analysis at the third leaf stage showed that the vrn-b1c allele was transcribed 10 times faster than the vrn-b1a allele. the f1 hybrid between ...201323564445
identification of qtls associated with seedling root traits and their correlation with plant height in wheat.genetic relationships between plant height and root morphology were investigated in a diverse set of wheat germplasm [199 double-haploid progeny derived from a cross between avalon and cadenza (triticum aestivum l.), rht near-isogenic lines (nils), and accessions from the watkins collection] to investigate whether rht genes controlling shoot height also control seedling root growth. a germination paper screen was developed to measure seedling root length (distinguishing seminal axes from seminal ...201323564959
protective responses induced by herbicide safeners in wheat.safeners are agrochemicals which enhance tolerance to herbicides in cereals including wheat (triticum aestivum l.) by elevating the expression of xenobiotic detoxifying enzymes, such as glutathione transferases (gsts). when wheat plants were spray-treated with three safener chemistries, namely cloquintocet mexyl, mefenpyr diethyl and fenchlorazole ethyl, an apparently identical subset of gsts derived from the tau, phi and lambda classes accumulated in the foliage. treatment with the closely rela ...023564986
physiological and biochemical mechanisms of allelopathy mediated by the allelochemical extracts of phytolacca latbenia (moq.) h. walter.in allelopathy, one plant suppresses the growth and development of other plant/plants by negatively affecting a variety of physiological and biochemical reactions. we checked the effects of methanolic extracts (allelochemical extracts) of phytolacca latbenia (moq.) h. walter on antioxidant enzyme activities such as peroxidases (pods), super oxide dismutases (sods) and catalase (cat) and on total protein contents (tpc), cellular injury (ci), and malondialdehyde (mda) in the germinating seeds of b ...201523572390
effect of germination on the phytase activity, phytate and total phosphorus contents of rice (oryza sativa), maize (zea mays), millet (panicum miliaceum), sorghum (sorghum bicolor) and wheat (triticum aestivum).the effect of germination on the level of phytase activity and the contents of phytates and phosphorus of five nigeria grown cereal grains was studied. the cereals screened were rice (oryza sativa), maize (zea mays), millet (panicum miliaceum), sorghum (sorghum bicolor) and wheat (triticum aestivum). phytase activity was high (0.21-0.67 u g(-1)) in all samples. phytate content ranged between 5.6 and 6.2 mg g(-1) while total phosphorus content ranged between 3.3 and 4.3 mg g(-1). during germinati ...023572811
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