Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| field trials to evaluate effects of bt-transgenic silage corn expressing the cry1ab insecticidal toxin on non-target soil arthropods in northern new england, usa. | traditionally, control of european corn borer (ostrinia nubilalis) hübner has been achieved through the use of chemical insecticides. with increasing emphasis on reducing pesticide inputs in agricultural production, alternative management technologies are now being used including transgenic silage corn modified to express cry1ab protein toxins derived from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) berliner. the cry1ab toxin is expressed by all plant cells and throughout the growing season. furthermore, the to ... | 2009 | 19083116 |
| crystal structure of the parasporin-2 bacillus thuringiensis toxin that recognizes cancer cells. | parasporin-2 is a protein toxin that is isolated from parasporal inclusions of the gram-positive bacterium bacillus thuringiensis. although b. thuringiensis is generally known as a valuable source of insecticidal toxins, parasporin-2 is not insecticidal, but has a strong cytocidal activity in liver and colon cancer cells. the 37-kda inactive nascent protein is proteolytically cleaved to the 30-kda active form that loses both the n-terminal and the c-terminal segments. accumulated cytological and ... | 2009 | 19094993 |
| characterization of the complete zwittermicin a biosynthesis gene cluster from bacillus cereus. | bacillus cereus uw85 produces the linear aminopolyol antibiotic zwittermicin a (zma). this antibiotic has diverse biological activities, such as suppression of disease in plants caused by protists, inhibition of fungal and bacterial growth, and amplification of the insecticidal activity of the toxin protein from bacillus thuringiensis. zma has an unusual chemical structure that includes a d amino acid and ethanolamine and glycolyl moieties, as well as having an unusual terminal amide that is gen ... | 2009 | 19098220 |
| photostabilization of bacillus thuringiensis fermented wastewater and wastewater sludge based biopesticides using additives. | photoprotection (against uv-a and uv-b radiations) of the active components of bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki obtained from the fermentation of various culture media was investigated. the culture media comprised: starch industry wastewater; secondary wastewater sludge (non-hydrolyzed and hydrolyzed) and soya (used as a reference). photoprotection was carried out by using various uv-protection additives, namely, para-aminobenzoic acid, lignosulfonic acid and molasses at different concentrat ... | 2009 | 19100704 |
| lipid-induced conformation of helix 7 from the pore-forming domain of the bacillus thuringiensis cry4ba toxin: implications for toxicity mechanism. | helix 7 in the cry4ba-pore-forming domain contains conserved tyr(249) and phe(264) that are crucially involved in mosquito-larvicidal activity. we have now characterized lipid-induced conformation of a 27-residue cry4ba-alpha7 peptide in phospholipid membranes using atr-ftir and hydrogen/deuterium (h(+)/d(+)) exchange experiments. atr-ftir results showed that conformation of this peptide is influenced by lipid composition and peptide-lipid ratio. for zwitterionic membranes, 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-gl ... | 2009 | 19103150 |
| variability in the cadherin gene in an ostrinia nubilalis strain selected for cry1ab resistance. | transgenic corn expressing cry1ab (a bacillus thuringiensis toxin) is highly effective in the control of ostrinia nubilalis. for its toxic action, cry1ab has to bind to specific insect midgut proteins. to date, in three lepidoptera species resistance to a cry1a toxin has been conferred by mutations in cadherin, a protein of the lepidoptera midgut membrane. the implication of cadherin in the resistance of an ostrinia nubilalis colony (europe-r) selected with bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab protoxin ... | 2009 | 19114103 |
| lethal activity of two bacillus thuringiensis strains against haemonchus contortus histotropic larvae. | the in vitro lethal activity of two bacillus thuringiensis strains (ib-16 and ib-61) against haemonchus contortus histotropic fourth stage larvae (l(4)) was evaluated. each b. thuringiensis strain was used as soluble proteins at different concentrations. in addition, the in vitro lethal dose (ld(50)) of each strain was determined against h. contortus l(4) at different times. data were analyzed by anova and tukey tests. less than 50% mortality was observed at 50 and 100 microg/ml during all bioas ... | 2008 | 19120200 |
| characterization of two novel cry8 genes from bacillus thuringiensis strain bt185. | two novel cry8-type genes, cry8ea1 and cry8fa1, obtained from a holotrichia parallela-specific bacillus thuringiensis strain, bt185, were characterized. findings showed that cry8ea1 and cry8fa1 encoded polypeptides of 1164 and 1174 amino acid residues, respectively. the deduced amino acid sequences of both cry8ea1 and cry8fa1 polypeptides are the most similar to that of cry8ba1. eight conserved blocks (blocks 1-8) exist in cry8ea1 and cry8fa1 polypeptides compared with known cry proteins. cry8ea ... | 2009 | 19130127 |
| doubts surround link between bt cotton failure and farmer suicide. | 2009 | 19131979 | |
| repetitive genome elements in a european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis, bacterial artificial chromosome library were indicated by bacterial artificial chromosome end sequencing and development of sequence tag site markers: implications for lepidopteran genomic research. | the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis, is a serious pest of food, fiber, and biofuel crops in europe, north america, and asia and a model system for insect olfaction and speciation. a bacterial artificial chromosome library constructed for o. nubilalis contains 36 864 clones with an estimated average insert size of >or=120 kb and genome coverage of 8.8-fold. screening onb1 clones comprising approximately 2.76 genome equivalents determined the physical position of 24 sequence tag site marke ... | 2009 | 19132072 |
| signaling versus punching hole: how do bacillus thuringiensis toxins kill insect midgut cells? | cry proteins, produced by bacillus thuringiensis (bt), are widely used for the control of insect pests in agriculture as spray products or expressed in transgenic crops, such as maize and cotton. little was known regarding the mechanism of action of these toxins when the first commercial bt product was introduced fifty years ago. however, research on the mechanism of action over the last two decades has enhanced our knowledge of toxin interaction with membrane receptors and their effects in inse ... | 2009 | 19132293 |
| mining an ostrinia nubilalis midgut expressed sequence tag (est) library for candidate genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps). | genes expressed in lepidopteran midgut tissues are involved in digestion and bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxin resistance traits. five hundred and thirty five unique transcripts were annotated from 1745 high quality o. nubilalis larval midgut expressed sequence tags (ests). full-length cdna sequence of 12 putative serine proteinase genes and 3 partial o. nubilalis aminopeptidase n protein genes, apn1, apn3, and apn4, were obtained, and genes may have roles in plant feeding and bt toxin resistanc ... | 2008 | 19133073 |
| lethal and sublethal effects of endosulfan on apolygus lucorum (hemiptera: miridae). | various pesticides directly impact insect pest populations through acute toxicity (lethal) effects, but they also cause a range of indirect (sublethal) effects on pest physiology or behavior. in this study, we describe both lethal and sublethal effects of endosulfan on the survival, development, and fecundity of apolygus lucorum meyer-dür (hemiptera: miridae), an important pest of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., in china. we quantify pesticide effects on adult mirids a ... | 2008 | 19133460 |
| genetic characterization of resistance to deltamethrin in plutella xylostella (lepidoptera: plutellidae) from india. | the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (l.) (lepidoptera: plutellidae), is considered as one of the most difficult pests to control. it has developed resistance not only to synthetic insecticides but also to bacillus thuringiensis-based pesticides. we tested the hypothesis that selection in a p. xylostella population, from hosur, india, with deltamethrin would give a broad spectrum of resistance to several insecticides. we also were interested in genetically classifying resistance to deltamet ... | 2008 | 19133474 |
| efficacy of transgenic cotton expressing cry1ac and cry1f insecticidal protein against heliothines (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | cotton, cossypium hirsutum l, plants expressing cry1ac and cry1f (phytogen 440w) insecticidal crystal proteins of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) berliner, were evaluated against natural populations of tobacco budworm, heliothis virescens (f.), and bollworm, helicoverpa zea (boddie) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), across 13 southern u.s. locations that sustained low, moderate, and high infestations. the intrinsic activity of phytogen 440w was compared with nontreated non-bt cotton (psc355) and with manage ... | 2008 | 19133479 |
| impact of transgenic oilseed rape expressing oryzacystatin-1 (oc-1) and of insecticidal proteins on longevity and digestive enzymes of the solitary bee osmia bicornis. | the risk that insect-resistant transgenic plants may pose for solitary bees was assessed by determining longevity of adult osmia bicornis (o. rufa) chronically exposed to transgenic oilseed rape expressing oryzacystatin-1 (oc-1) or to the purified insecticidal proteins recombinant roc-1, kunitz soybean trypsin inhibitor (sbti), galanthus nivalis agglutinin (gna), or bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry1ab dissolved in sugar solution (at 0.01 and 0.1%, w:v, cry1ab only at 0.01%). compared to control ... | 2009 | 19135058 |
| [response of bacteria to earthworm surface excreta]. | response of bacteria to the surface excreta of the aporrectodea caliginosa earthworm was studied. the excreta were obtained by a 1 h incubation of the earthworms in petri dishes with subsequent collection of the slime. both inhibition and stimulation of growth were revealed, as well as suppression of the respiratory activity of some bacterial species treated with a. caliginosa surface excreta. the organisms studied included various taxa of soil bacteria (19 strains), bacteria isolated from a. ca ... | 2008 | 19137725 |
| [soluble expression of aiia protein and analysis of its antimicrobial activity]. | ahls are signaling molecules produced by gram-negative bacterium during their proliferation. these molecules are closely related with bacteria pathogenicity. aiia protein, functioning as a intracellular lactonase, hydrolyses ahls at lactone loop in the molecule to reduce its biological activity and also dramatically reduces pathogenicity of bacterium at the same time. in this study, dna fragment encoding aiia gene was amplified from the plasmid derived from bacillus thuringiensis by pcr. express ... | 2008 | 19137818 |
| an engineered bacillus thuringiensis strain with insecticidal activity against scarabaeidae (anomala corpulenta) and chrysomelidae (leptinotarsa decemlineata and colaphellus bowringi). | a genetically-engineered bacillus thuringiensis (bt) strain, 3a-hbf, with a broad insecticidal spectrum was constructed by introducing the recombinant plasmid pstk-3a containing cry3aa7 into the wild-type bt strain hbf-1 containing the cry8ca2 gene. the cry3aa7 protein produced by strain 3a-hbf was verified by sds-page and western blotting. flat rectangular crystals of cry3aa7 protein were observed besides spherical crystals (cry8ca2). the plasmid pstk-3a was stable when strain 3a-hbf was grown ... | 2009 | 19142586 |
| resistance of helicoverpa armigera to cry1ac toxin from bacillus thuringiensis is due to improper processing of the protoxin. | the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis produces icps (insecticidal crystal proteins) that are deposited in their spore mother cells. when susceptible lepidopteran larvae ingest these spore mother cells, the icps get solubilized in the alkaline gut environment. of approx. 140 insecticidal proteins described thus far, insecticidal protein cry1ac has been applied extensively as the main ingredient of spray formulation as well as the principal icp introduced into crops as transgene for agricultural cr ... | 2009 | 19146482 |
| potential-dependent permeabilization of plasma membrane by the peptide btm-p1 derived from the cry11bb1 protoxin. | the peptide btm-p1, which is derived from the amino acid sequence of the cry11bb1 protoxin, is able to permeabilize mitochondrial membranes and reveals antimicrobial activity. in this work we demonstrated that the permeabilizing activity of btm-p1 for the plasma membrane of rat red blood cells increased in a dose-dependent manner for the concentration range of 1-4 microg/ml. using osmotic protectants, the radius of pores formed at 4 microg/ml btm-p1 was determined as 0.8 nm for 5 min hemolysis d ... | 2009 | 19146823 |
| biopesticide production from bacillus thuringiensis: an environmentally friendly alternative. | since its discovery as a microbial insecticide, bacillus thuringiensis has been widely used to control insect pests important in agriculture, forestry, and medicine. the wide variety of formulations based on spore-crystal complexes intended for ingestion by target insects, are the result of many years of research. the development of a great variety of matrices for support of the spore-crystal complex enables many improvements, such as an increase in toxic activity, higher palatability to insects ... | 2009 | 19149720 |
| current patents related to bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal proteins. | this work categorizes a number of patents related to bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal proteins. the patents are classified into groups according to the type of toxins appearing in the claims. the purpose of the summary is to promote the application of b. thuringiensis insecticidal crystal proteins and the development of patentable technologies. | 2009 | 19149735 |
| construction of an escherichia coli to bacillus thuringiensis shuttle vector for large dna fragments. | shuttle vectors for bacillus thuringiensis or bacillus cereus usually cannot hold fragments larger than 20 kb. with the development of genome research, shuttle vectors with higher loading capacity are necessary. we constructed an escherichia coli to b. thuringiensis shuttle vector, pemb0557, with a large loading capacity. this vector incorporated the ori60 replicon from b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki ybt-1520, erythromycin resistance (b. thuringiensis), and chloromycetin resistance (e. coli) g ... | 2009 | 19153728 |
| papr peptide maturation: role of the nprb protease in bacillus cereus 569 plcr/papr global gene regulation. | the global transcriptional regulator plcr controls gene expression in bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis. activity of plcr is regulated by papr, the product of an orf located immediately downstream of plcr. to be active in b. cereus, papr must be secreted and then processed to the mature peptide by an unknown protease. this peptide is transported by an oligopeptide permease into the cell, where it activates plcr. in this study, we show that the neutral protease b (nprb) secreted by b. ce ... | 2009 | 19159431 |
| [relationship between structure and function of loops from bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal protein cry1ba]. | to indicate the relationship between structure and function of loops from bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal protein cry1ba, and the influence of amino acids mutation on toxicity against diamond back moth plutella xylostella, five mutations at the loops of cry1ba were constructed by overlapping primer pcr, and expressed in e. coli bl21 (de3). bioassay results showed that the toxicity of mutation m1 (loop1: 340wsntr344-deletion), compared with that of cry1ba (lc50 0.96 microg/ml), decrea ... | 2008 | 19160848 |
| using an f(2) screen to monitor frequency of resistance alleles to bt cotton in field populations of helicoverpa armigera (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | in an effort to control the most devastating cotton pest, helicoverpa armigera (hübner), in qiuxian county (hebei, china), bt cotton has been planted almost exclusively since 1998 in this area. owing to the high insecticidal selection pressures in this region, monitoring of bt resistance in h. armigera is necessary so that proactive actions can be implemented before field control measures fail. from 2003 to 2005, an f(2) screen was conducted in order to monitor bt resistance in h. armigera popul ... | 2009 | 19165746 |
| modified female calling behaviour in cry1ac-resistant helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | the resistance risk in helicoverpa armigera (hübner) to transgenic cotton that expresses cry1ac from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) has raised concerns about the sustainable deployment of bt cotton. mating behaviour between resistant and susceptible individuals is an important factor that affects resistance evolution of the insect. the female calling behaviours of the cry1ac-resistant strain and its susceptible control were compared in the laboratory to understand the difference in mating biology. | 2009 | 19165761 |
| development of stable isotope and selenomethionine labeling methods for proteins expressed in pseudomonas fluorescens. | pseudomonas fluorescens is a robust protein expression system that is very well suited for high throughput protein expression for structural genomics studies. since nmr spectroscopy and x-ray crystallography are both used by various investigators in structure elucidation studies, the availability of target proteins labeled with stable isotopes or selenomethionine is essential for the determination of protein structures. a completely defined medium for the expression and stable isotope labeling o ... | 2009 | 19166940 |
| use of by-products rich in carbon and nitrogen as a nutrient source to produce bacillus thuringiensis (berliner)-based biopesticide. | the amount and sources of carbon and nitrogen used to produce bacillus thuringiensis (berliner)-based biopesticide may influence the quality of the final product. the objective of this research was to test different levels of carbon and nitrogen: medium 1 - 1.5% maize glucose + 0.5% soy flour, medium 2 - 3.0% maize glucose + 1.0% soy flour, medium 3 - 1.0% maize glucose + 3.0% soy flour and medium 4 - luria bertani (lb) + salts (feso4, znso4, mnso4, mgso4). the seed culture was produced in lb me ... | 2008 | 19169559 |
| riceland mosquito management practices for anopheles quadrimaculatus larvae. | two separate but related studies were conducted regarding management of anopheles quadrimaculatus larval populations in commercial rice fields near cleveland, ms, in 2004. study 1 was to evaluate the effectiveness of 2 treatments of aerially applied ultra-low volume applications of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti) against an. quadrimaculatus larvae in dense, high-canopy mid- to late-season rice crop. study 2 was to investigate the effect of preflood treatments of lambda-cyhalothrin ... | 2008 | 19181061 |
| efficacy of vectobac dt and culinexcombi against mosquito larvae in unused swimming pools in malindi, kenya. | the efficacy and persistence of 2 bacterial larvicides, vectobac-dt (bacillus thuringiensis israelensis [bti]) and culinexcombi (bti and bacillus sphaericus [bs]), were tested against anopheles gambiae and culex quinquefasciatus in temporarily unused swimming pools with rainwater in malindi, kenya. pre- and posttreatment larval densities were recorded by sampling with the standard who dipping technique for 8 consecutive days. the larvicides were applied to the pools with a knapsack sprayer. the ... | 2008 | 19181062 |
| plasmid capture by the bacillus thuringiensis conjugative plasmid pxo16. | conjugation, mobilization, and retromobilization are three related mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria. they have been extensively studied in gram-negative species, where retromobilization, the capture of dna from a recipient by a donor cell, was shown to result from two successive steps: the transfer of the conjugative plasmid from the donor to the recipient followed by the retrotransfer of the mobilizable plasmid to the donor. this successive model was established for gram-negat ... | 2009 | 19181805 |
| interaction of bacillus thuringiensis cry1 and vip3a proteins with spodoptera frugiperda midgut binding sites. | vip3aa, vip3af, cry1ab, and cry1fa were tested for their toxicities and binding interactions. vip3a proteins were more toxic than cry1 proteins. binding assays showed independent specific binding sites for cry1 and vip3a proteins. cry1ab and cry1fa competed for the same binding sites, whereas vip3aa competed for those of vip3af. | 2009 | 19181834 |
| aptamer selection express: a novel method for rapid single-step selection and sensing of aptamers. | here we describe a new dna capture element (dce) sensing system, based on the quenching and dequenching of a double-stranded aptamer. this system shows very good sensitivity and thermal stability. while quenching, dequenching, and separating the dce systems made from different aptamers (all selected by selex), an alternative method to rapidly select aptamers was developed-the aptamer selection express (asexp). this process has been used to select aptamers against different types of targets (baci ... | 2008 | 19183794 |
| evaluation of consortia of microorganisms for efficient removal of hexavalent chromium from industrial wastewater. | the chromium (cr) uptake ability of cr-resistant bacterium bacillus thuringiensis, yeast candida etschellsii, and a protozoan stylonychia mytilus, isolated from industrial waste water, was evaluated individually and in different combinations. it was found that the three types of microorganisms grown together in a culture medium could collectively uptake 90% of cr(6+) from the culture medium as against 82% by bacterium + protozoan or yeast + protozoan combined culture, each. consortium of bacteri ... | 2009 | 19183818 |
| characterization of a c-type lectin from the cotton bollworm, helicoverpa armigera. | c-type lectins can specifically recognize sugars on the surface of microorganisms and cause a series of immune responses to effectively resist pathogenic invasions. in previous work in our laboratory, we obtained a c-type lectin from helicoverpa armigera (ha-lectin). it has two different carbohydrate recognition domains (crds) crd1 and crd2 arranged in tandem. in this study, recombinant crd1 and crd2 were expressed separately in escherichia coli and purified. they have the ability to agglutinate ... | 2009 | 19185587 |
| differential cell surface properties of vegetative bacillus. | the genus bacillus encompasses a wide range of species which display varying pathogenic abilities. the hydrophobicity of a range of bacillus species was determined to evaluate the correlation between bacterial hydrophobicity and pathogenicity. | 2009 | 19187499 |
| the theoretical three-dimensional structure of bacillus thuringiensis cry5aa and its biological implications. | cry5aa is a crystal protein produced by bacillus thuringiensis serovar. damstadiensis during its stationary phase, this delta-endotoxin is active against nematodes and has great potential for nematodes control. the theoretical model of the three-dimensional structure of cry5aa was predicted by homology modeling on the structures of the cry1aa which is specific to lepidopteran insects. the structure of the cry5aa resembles previously reported cry toxin structures but shows the following distincti ... | 2009 | 19191014 |
| dna detection on ultrahigh-density optical fiber-based nanoarrays. | nanoarrays for dna detection were fabricated on etched nanofiber bundles based on recently developed techniques for microscale arrays. two different-sized nanoarrays were created: one with 700 nm feature sizes and a 1 microm center-to-center pitch (approximately 1x10(6) array elements/mm(2)) and one with 300 nm feature sizes and a 500 nm center-to-center pitch (4.6x10(6) array elements/mm(2)). a random, multiplexed array composed of oligonucleotide-functionalized nanospheres was constructed and ... | 2009 | 19195871 |
| a new tunisian strain of bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki having high insecticidal activity and delta-endotoxin yield. | blb1 is a new bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki strain, isolated from a tunisian soil sample. assay of toxicity of blb1 crystal proteins resulted in an lc50 of 70.32 ng of toxin per mg of flour against third instar ephestia kuehniella with confidence limits of (31.6-109.04 ng). this lc50 is less than that of the commercial strains hd1 used as a reference. the characterization of this strain by scanning transmission electron microscopy, analysis of its cry genes content by pcr-sequencing, and analy ... | 2009 | 19214476 |
| characterization and partial purification of entomocin 110, a newly identified bacteriocin from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. entomocidus hd110. | a new bacteriocin produced by bacillus thuringiensis subsp. entomocidus was identified. the antibacterial activity termed entomocin 110 was produced starting at mid-logarithmic growth phase, reaching its maximum at the early and during stationary phase. the bacteriocin obtained from culture supernatant was inhibitory to several gram-positive bacteria including listeria monocytogenes, paenibacillus larvae and other bacillus species. entomocin 110 was shown to be heat stable and resistant to ph va ... | 2008 | 19216106 |
| restoration of the crystallization of altered delta-endotoxins cry1ac, by the promotion of their in vivo integration into the bacillus thuringiensis native crystals. | cry1ac is one of the most-studied bacillus thuringiensisdelta-endotoxins. structurally, it is divided into two domains: the n-terminal half corresponding to the toxic component and the c-terminal half corresponding to the region responsible for the crystal formation. we engineered cry1ac delta-endotoxins modified in their n-terminal part and studied the effect of such modifications on crystallization and delta-endotoxin production. when expressed in an acrystalliferous b. thuringiensis strain, c ... | 2009 | 19220475 |
| comparative flight performance of three important pest adelphocoris species of bt cotton in china. | the massive adoption of bt cotton throughout china has been accompanied by outbreaks of secondary pests such as adelphocoris spp. (heteroptera: miridae). the adelphocoris group primarily consists of three species: a. suturalis, a. fasciaticollis and a. lineolatus, which greatly differ in geographical distribution and seasonal dynamics. however, the underlying drivers of these differences remain to be understood. the study of flight behaviour of these three species can yield important insight int ... | 2009 | 19222869 |
| sensitive and highly specific quantitative real-time pcr and elisa for recording a potential transfer of novel dna and cry1ab protein from feed into bovine milk. | to address food safety concerns of the public regarding the potential transfer of recombinant dna (cry1ab) and protein (cry1ab) into the milk of cows fed genetically modified maize (mon810), a highly specific and sensitive quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) and an elisa were developed for monitoring suspicious presence of novel dna and cry1ab protein in bovine milk. the developed assays were validated according to the assay validation criteria specified in the european commission decision 2002/65 ... | 2009 | 19225766 |
| laboratory evaluation of bacillus thuringiensis (vectobac wdg) against mosquito larvae, culex pipiens and culiseta longiareolata. | mosquitoes are vectors of many human diseases and cause environmental nuisances. due to their large geographical distribution and abundance, culex pipiens and culiseta longiareolata represent the most important mosquito species in algeria and many countries in the world. they are generally controlled by conventional insecticides. the high reproductive ability and development of insecticide resistance of mosquito species are leading to a search for novel molecules. as so, vectobac that is based o ... | 2008 | 19226801 |
| natural isolates of bacillus thuringiensis display genetic and psychrotrophic properties characteristic of bacillus weihenstephanensis. | to determine the potential of bacillus thuringiensis, known primarily for its entomopathogenicity, to be a psychrotolerant contaminant of stored products. | 2009 | 19228255 |
| impact of cry1ac-carrying brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis on leaf bacterial community. | the effects of chinese cabbage (brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) carrying cry1ac derived from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) on leaf bacterial community were examined by analyzing the horizontal transfer of trans-gene fragments from plants to bacteria. the effect of plant pathogenic bacteria on the gene transfer was also examined using pseudomonas syringae pathovar. maculicola. the frequency of hygromycin-resistant bacteria did not alter in bt leaves, though slight increase was observed in pseudomo ... | 2009 | 19229489 |
| effect of bacillus thuringiensis naturally colonising brassica campestris var. chinensis leaves on neonate larvae of pieris brassicae. | the feeding of neonate larvae of pieris brassicae (order lepidoptera) on leaves of brassica plants that had been colonised by bacillus thuringiensis resulted in the death of 35% of the population within 72h. the bacteria multiplied in the cadavers, resulting in an increase of about 50-fold compared to the living insects. surviving insects showed no ill effects during the time of the study. there was negligible multiplication of b. thuringiensis in the frass. | 2009 | 19232351 |
| metabolic profiling of transgenic rice with cryiac and sck genes: an evaluation of unintended effects at metabolic level by using gc-fid and gc-ms. | the cryiac and sck genes were introduced to the rice for the purpose of improving the insect resistance. metabolic profiles of wild and transgenic rice were compared to assess the unintended effects related to gene modification. wild samples with different sowing dates or sites were also examined to determine the environmental effects on metabolites. the polar compounds of grains were extracted, trimethylsilylated and analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (gc-fid). partial le ... | 2009 | 19233746 |
| kinetic and thermodynamic parameters for heat denaturation of cry1a(b) protein from transgenic maize (zea mays). | the effect of heat treatment on the denaturation of cry1a(b) protein expressed in transgenic maize was studied over a temperature range of 69 to 77 degrees c. denaturation of cry1a(b) protein was measured by the loss of reactivity with its specific antibodies using a sandwich elisa. the process of denaturation was studied by analyzing the values of inmunoreactive protein after each heat treatment by kinetic analysis. denaturation of cry1a(b) protein was best described assuming a reaction order o ... | 2008 | 19241533 |
| identification of non-flagellar genes involved in swarm cell differentiation using a bacillus thuringiensis mini-tn10 mutant library. | swarming is a social phenomenon that enables motile bacteria to move co-ordinately over solid surfaces. the molecular basis regulating this process is not completely known and may vary among species. insertional mutagenesis of a swarming-proficient bacillus thuringiensis strain was performed, by use of the transposon mini-tn10, to identify novel genetic determinants of swarming that are dispensable for flagellation, swimming motility, chemotaxis and active growth. among the 67 non-swarming mutan ... | 2009 | 19246762 |
| design of a bacillus thuringiensis-based formulation that increases feeding preference on spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera: noctuidae) larvae. | a bacillus thuringiensis (bt)-based formulation intended to increase feeding response in spodoptera exigua (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) was developed. eight matrices were prepared from natural ingredients and confronted with fresh maize leaves to select one highly palatable to larvae. the selected matrix was combined with bt hd-125 strain at three different concentrations (30, 70, and 100 g/kg) of the spore-crystal complex to elaborate three insecticidal formulations. effects caused by the ... | 2009 | 19253618 |
| bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac resistance frequency in tobacco budworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | the tobacco budworm, heliothis virescens (f.) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), is one of the most important pests of cotton, gossypium hirsutum l, that has become resistant to a wide range of synthetic insecticides. crylac-expressing cotton has proven its effectiveness against this insect since its introduction in north america in 1996. however, the constant exposure of tobacco budworm to this protein toxin may result in the development of resistance to it. to estimate the frequency of alleles that con ... | 2009 | 19253658 |
| broad-spectrum cross-resistance in spodoptera exigua from selection with a marginally toxic cry protein. | spodoptera exigua (hübner) has developed resistance to a wide range of chemical insecticides. products based on bacillus thuringiensis cry toxins are used in integrated pest management as an ecologically friendly alternative for pest control. since there are few b. thuringiensis cry proteins highly active against s. exigua, it is desirable to apply appropriate resistance management strategies to prevent the evolution of resistance to these proteins. | 2009 | 19253909 |
| contributions of gut bacteria to bacillus thuringiensis-induced mortality vary across a range of lepidoptera. | gut microbiota contribute to the health of their hosts, and alterations in the composition of this microbiota can lead to disease. previously, we demonstrated that indigenous gut bacteria were required for the insecticidal toxin of bacillus thuringiensis to kill the gypsy moth, lymantria dispar. b. thuringiensis and its associated insecticidal toxins are commonly used for the control of lepidopteran pests. a variety of factors associated with the insect host, b. thuringiensis strain, and environ ... | 2009 | 19261175 |
| effects of bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry1ac and cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus of helicoverpa armigera (hübner) (hacpv) on cotton bollworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | in this study, interactions on the mortality and debilitating effects between cry1ac, a toxic protein produced by bacillus thuringiensis (berliner) and hacpv (chinese strain) on first and third instars larvae of helicoverpa armigera were evaluated in laboratory. when first instar was exposed to combination of bt cotton leaf discs containing hacpv (6 x 10(6), 1 x 10(7), and 3 x 10(7) pib ml(-1)) the effect on mortality was additive, when such instar larvae exposed to combination of cry1ac (0.9, 2 ... | 2009 | 19269293 |
| insecticidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis crystal proteins. | published data on insecticidal activity of crystal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis are incorporated into the bt toxin specificity relational database. to date, 125 of the 174 holotype known toxins have been tested in approximately 1700 bioassays against 163 test species; 49 toxins have not been tested at all; 59 were tested against 71 lepidoptera species in 1182 bioassays; 53 toxins were tested against 23 diptera species in 233 bioassays; and 47 were tested against 39 coleoptera species in ... | 2009 | 19269294 |
| molecular methods to evaluate biodiversity in bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis strains from different origins. | the spore-forming genus bacillus includes species of industrial, clinical and environmental significance. the possibility of differentiating between bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis, toxin producers associated with illness, is a real need in monitoring potentially contaminated foods to understand the real distribution of b. cereus/b. thuringiensis in different outbreak cases. as the use of dna comparison obtains clearer results than classical microbiological methods in distinguishing b ... | 2009 | 19269566 |
| sk66-his, a novel glycine-rich peptide derived from drosophila with antibacterial activity. | sk(66)-his, a novel glycine-rich peptide derived from the cg13551 gene of drosophila, was directly expressed in escherichia coli with the help of the glucose effect of the lac repressor and efficiently purified in high yield (10.063 mg/l). it showed significant activity against gram-positive bacteria. we determined a mic value of 9 microg ml(-1) with bacillus thuringiensis. | 2009 | 19270403 |
| suppression of meloidogyne hapla and its damage to lettuce grown in a mineral soil amended with chitin and biocontrol organisms. | chitin was used as soil amendment in fiberglass field microplots, alone or with one or a combination of two to three species of hirsutella rhossiliensis, paecilomyces marquandii, verticillium chlamydosporium, bacillus thuringiensis, and streptomyces costaricanus. sudangrass and rapeseed were planted as cover crops and incorporated into soil as green manure amendments. chitin amendment alone increased the marketable yield of lettuce in 1995 and reduced root-galling ratings and the reproduction of ... | 1999 | 19270942 |
| efficacy of bacillus thuringiensis, paecilomyces marquandii,and streptomyces costaricanus with and without organic amendments against meloidogyne hapla infecting lettuce. | chitin, wheat mash, or brewery compost were incorporated into unfumigated and methyl bromide-fumigated organic soils placed in microplots formed from cylindrical drainage tiles (0.25 m-diam. clay tile). after 3 weeks, meloidogyne hapla and cell or spore suspensions of bacillus thuringiensis, paecilomyces marquandii, and streptomyces costaricanus were individually added to the soils of designated microplots. a b. thuringiensis + s. costaricanus combination was also tested. lettuce seedlings, cv. ... | 2000 | 19270951 |
| proteomic identification of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis toxin cry4ba binding proteins in midgut membranes from aedes (stegomyia) aegypti linnaeus (diptera, culicidae) larvae. | novel bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (bti) cry4ba toxin-binding proteins have been identified in gut brush border membranes of the aedes (stegomyia) aegypti mosquito larvae by combining 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2de) and ligand blotting followed by protein identification using mass spectrometry and database searching. three alkaline phosphatase isoforms and aminopeptidase were identified. other cry4ba binding proteins identified include the putative lipid raft proteins flotil ... | 2009 | 19272330 |
| selective isolation of bacillus thuringiensis from soil by use of l-serine as minimal medium supplement. | the influence of l-serine on the growth of different strains of the genus bacillus was investigated. it has been observed that the addition of l-serine to minimal synthetic media results in an inhibition in the growth of certain strains of bacillus spp. but not b. thuringiensis. then l-serine-resistance phenomenon was used in isolation of b. thuringiensis strains from soil. an isolation method with media supplied with l-serine was compared to the previously applied procedure (isolation on nutrie ... | 2008 | 19275048 |
| efficient constitutive expression of chitinase in the mother cell of bacillus thuringiensis and its potential to enhance the toxicity of cry1ac protoxin. | previous studies revealed that chitinase could enhance the insecticidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis and it has been used in combination with b. thuringiensis widely. however, the expression of b. thuringiensis chitinase is rather low and needs induction by chitin, which limits its field application. it would make sense to constitutively express the chitinase at a sufficiently high level to offer advantages in biological control of pests. in this study, a signal peptide-encoding sequence-d ... | 2009 | 19277644 |
| indian bt cotton varieties do not affect the performance of cotton aphids. | cotton varieties expressing cry proteins derived from the soil bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) are grown worldwide for the management of pest lepidoptera. to prevent non-target pest outbreaks and to retain the biological control function provided by predators and parasitoids, the potential risk that bt crops may pose to non-target arthropods is addressed prior to their commercialization. aphids play an important role in agricultural systems since they serve as prey or host to a number of p ... | 2009 | 19279684 |
| evaluation of probiotic characteristics of siderophoregenic bacillus spp. isolated from dairy waste. | siderophoregenic bacillus strain det9 has been selectively isolated from dairy waste. it was evaluated for probiotic characteristics and susceptibility pattern against antibiotics. its spores showed excellent tolerance to simulated gastrointestinal tract conditions and exhibited antimicrobial activity against organisms such as escherichia coli, micrococcus flavus, and staphylococcus aureus. its susceptibility to antibiotics reduces the prospect to donate resistance determinants if administered i ... | 2010 | 19280126 |
| cloning and characterization of two novel crystal protein genes, cry54aa1 and cry30fa1, from bacillus thuringiensis strain btmc28. | bacillus thuringiensis strain btmc28 was isolated from the soil sample in china. two novel crystal protein genes were found by using the pcr-rflp method. moreover, the full-length sequences of two novel genes were obtained by a single oligonucleotide nested (son)-pcr upstream and downstream strategy. sequence analysis revealed that one gene encoded a polypeptide of 673 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 76.3 kda, 38% identical to cry10aa, and the other encoded a polypeptide of 687 amin ... | 2009 | 19280260 |
| the oral toxicity of the transgenic bt+cpti cotton pollen to honeybees (apis mellifera). | transgenic insect-resistant cotton has been planted in china in a large scale and may have adverse impacts on honeybees. pollens from the transgenic cry1ac+cpti cotton zhong-41 and the parental cotton zhong-23 were collected from the field and their impacts on adult worker bees were assessed. experimental results showed that zhong-41 pollen had no acute oral toxic effect on worker bees. no significant differences were observed in the superoxide dismutase activity or in the longevity of worker be ... | 2009 | 19285343 |
| changes in morphology of trichostrongylus colubriformis eggs and juveniles caused by bacillus thuringiensis israelensis. | eggs and rhabditiform juveniles of the ruminant parasite trichostrongylus colubriformis developed normally in caenorhabditis briggsae maintenance medium. a toxin from a crystal-enriched preparation of the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis israelensis was lethal to nematode eggs and juveniles within 24 hours and to eggs and juveniles after 24 hours of development. treated eggs had refractive granules and development was arrested, whereas nontreated eggs developed normally. eggs treated after 24 ho ... | 1987 | 19290144 |
| elaboration of an electroporation protocol for large plasmids and wild-type strains of bacillus thuringiensis. | to elaborate an effective electroporation protocol for large plasmids and wild type strains of bacillus thuringiensis. | 2009 | 19291242 |
| biological and microcalorimetric studies of the toxic effect of organoarsenic(v) compounds to wild strain of bacillus thuringiensis. | microcalorimetric and biological methods were carried out to determine the toxicity of dimethylarsinic acid (dma) and monomethylarsonic acid (mma) to wild strain of bacillus thuringiensis. thermokinetic parameters were obtained from the power-time curves, showing that the peak-heat output power, total heat output, and number of colonies decreased with the increases in concentration of dma and mma. in addition, the generation time and peak maximal time increased with the increases in the dosage o ... | 2009 | 19294342 |
| evaluation of larvicides in developing management guidelines for long-term control of pest blackflies (diptera: simuliidae) along the orange river, south africa. | in 2000 and 2001 orange river levels were higher than normal: associated serious outbreaks of blackfly had a substantial detrimental impact on the local economy. the poor control was attributed to the suspected development of larval resistance to temephos. a long-term solution to blackfly control, through the identification of a suitable replacement to temephos for use during high flow conditions, was proposed. this study, however, failed to identify or register a suitable larvicide for use duri ... | 2008 | 19294986 |
| bacillus thuringiensis (bt) transgenic crop: an environment friendly insect-pest management strategy. | introduction of ddt (dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane) and following move towards indiscriminate use of synthetic chemical insecticides led to the contamination of water and food sources, poisoning of non-target beneficial insects and development of insect-pests resistant to the chemical insecticides. increased public concems about the adverse environmental effects of indiscriminate use of chemical insecticides prompted search of altemative methods for insect-pest control. one of the promising ... | 2008 | 19295059 |
| biocontrol: bacillus penetrans and related parasites of nematodes. | bacillus penetrans mankau, 1975, previously described as duboscqia penetrans thorne 1940, is a candidate agent for biocontrol of nematodes. this review considers the life stages of this bacterium: vegetative growth phase, colony fragmentation, sporogenesis, soil phase, spore attachment, and penetration into larvae of root-knot nematodes. the morphology of the microthallus colonies and the unusual external features of the spore are discussed. taxonomic affinities with the actinomycetes, particula ... | 1980 | 19300701 |
| screening and identification of vip genes in bacillus thuringiensis strains. | to identify known vip genes and to detect potentially novel vip genes in a collection of 507 strains of bacillus thuringiensis. | 2009 | 19302326 |
| distribution, diversity, and potential mobility of extrachromosomal elements related to the bacillus anthracis pxo1 and pxo2 virulence plasmids. | the presence of a pxo1- and/or pxo2-like plasmid(s) in clinical isolates of bacillus cereus sensu stricto and in strains of the biopesticide bacillus thuringiensis has been reported recently, and the pxo2-like plasmid pbt9727 and another pxo2-like plasmid, paw63, were found to be conjugative. in this study, a total of 1,000 b. cereus group isolates were analyzed for the presence of pxo1- and pxo2-like replicons and for the presence of pxo2-related conjugative modules. pxo1- and pxo2-like replico ... | 2009 | 19304837 |
| a conserved 3' extension in unusual group ii introns is important for efficient second-step splicing. | the b.c.i4 group ii intron from bacillus cereus atcc 10987 harbors an unusual 3' extension. here, we report the discovery of four additional group ii introns with a similar 3' extension in bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki 4d1 that splice at analogous positions 53/56 nt downstream of domain vi in vivo. phylogenetic analyses revealed that the introns are only 47-61% identical to each other. strikingly, they do not form a single evolutionary lineage even though they belong to the same bacterial b cl ... | 2009 | 19304998 |
| peritrophic membrane contribution to bt cry delta-endotoxin susceptibility in lepidoptera and the effect of calcofluor. | in an effort to determine a reason for differing susceptibilities to bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry delta-endotoxins amongst lepidopteran species, the peritrophic membrane (pm), and a number of agents that target the pm, were investigated to determine their effect on the efficacy of bt toxins. in particular calcofluor is able to disrupt the pm that acts as a barrier to microorganisms. although bt toxins have been shown to traverse the pm in some lepidopteran species, new data shows that toxins ... | 2009 | 19320042 |
| protease activities in the midgut of western corn rootworm (diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte). | the western corn rootworm is one of the most economically important pests in corn. one possibility for controlling this pest is the cultivation of transgenic corn expressing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins, such as cry3a, cry34ab1/cry35ab1, and cry3bb1. however, widespread cultivation of the resulting bt corn may result in the development of resistant pest populations. the bt toxins are processed by proteases in the midgut of susceptible insects. thus, protease activity studies were conducted ... | 2009 | 19320044 |
| rapid decomposition of maize detritus in agricultural headwater streams. | headwater streams draining agricultural landscapes receive maize leaves (zea mays l.) via wind and surface runoff, yet the contribution of maize detritus to organic-matter processing in agricultural streams is largely unknown. we quantified decomposition and microbial respiration rates on conventional (non-bt) and genetically engineered (bt) maize in three low-order agricultural streams in northwestern indiana, usa. we also examined how substrate quality and in-stream nutrient concentrations inf ... | 2009 | 19323178 |
| acute and repeated dose (28 day) mouse oral toxicology studies with cry34ab1 and cry35ab1 bt proteins used in coleopteran resistant das-59122-7 corn. | expression of the cry34ab1 and cry35ab1 proteins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) berliner strain ps149b1 in genetically modified maize (event das-59122-7) protects the crop from damage due to feeding by diabrotica larvae including the western corn rootworm (diabrotica virgifera virgifera). as part of the safety assessment of this maize, mammalian toxicology studies were conducted with heterologously produced cry34ab1 and cry35ab1 proteins. no evidence of acute toxicity was observed in mice foll ... | 2009 | 19328831 |
| enhancement of bacillus thuringiensis cry3aa and cry3bb toxicities to coleopteran larvae by a toxin-binding fragment of an insect cadherin. | the cry3aa and cry3bb insecticidal proteins of bacillus thuringiensis are used in biopesticides and transgenic crops to control larvae of leaf-feeding beetles and rootworms. cadherins localized in the midgut epithelium are identified as receptors for cry toxins in lepidopteran and dipteran larvae. previously, we discovered that a peptide of a toxin-binding cadherin expressed in escherichia coli functions as a synergist for cry1a toxicity against lepidopteran larvae and cry4 toxicity against dipt ... | 2009 | 19329664 |
| parasporin, a new anticancer protein group from bacillus thuringiensis. | parasporin (ps) is a collection of genealogically heterogeneous cry proteins synthesized in bacillus thuringiensis. a prominent feature commonly associated with ps proteins is the strong cytocidal activity preferential for human cancer cells of various origins. the proteins exhibit cytocidal activities only when digested with proteases. currently, this protein group is classified into four families: ps1, ps2, ps3 and ps4. marked differences are evident in cytotoxicity spectra and activity levels ... | 2009 | 19331182 |
| microbial larvicide application by a large-scale, community-based program reduces malaria infection prevalence in urban dar es salaam, tanzania. | malaria control in africa is most tractable in urban settlements yet most research has focused on rural settings. elimination of malaria transmission from urban areas may require larval control strategies that complement adult mosquito control using insecticide-treated nets or houses, particularly where vectors feed outdoors. | 2009 | 19333402 |
| correlation of vesicle binding and phospholipid dynamics with phospholipase c activity: insights into phosphatidylcholine activation and surface dilution inhibition. | the enzymatic activity of the peripheral membrane protein, phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c (pi-plc), is increased by nonsubstrate phospholipids with the extent of enhancement tuned by the membrane lipid composition. for bacillus thuringiensis pi-plc, a small amount of phosphatidylcholine (pc) activates the enzyme toward its substrate pi; above 0.5 mol fraction pc (xpc), enzyme activity decreases substantially. to provide a molecular basis for this pc-dependent behavior, we used flu ... | 2009 | 19336401 |
| expression of the cry1ec gene in castor (ricinus communis l.) confers field resistance to tobacco caterpillar (spodoptera litura fabr) and castor semilooper (achoea janata l.). | castor (cv. dcs-9) has been transformed through agrobacterium-mediated and particle gun bombardment methods using appropriate vectors containing the bt chimeric gene cry1ec driven by enhanced 35s promoter. about 81 and 12 putative transformants were regenerated following selection on hygromycin and kanamycin, respectively. southern analysis of dna extracted from t(0) plants confirmed integration of the introduced gene in castor genome. the integration and inheritance of the introduced genes was ... | 2009 | 19337736 |
| efficient screening and breeding of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki for high toxicity against spodoptera exigua and heliothis armigera. | spodoptera exigua is one of the most renowned agricultural pest insects and relatively insensitive to bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strains which are widely used commercial products to control lepidopterans such as heliothis armigera. in the current study, we have developed a new and efficient approach to screen and breed a b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain exhibiting high toxicity against s. exigua while retaining its high toxicity against h. armigera. uv and diethyl sulfate meth ... | 2009 | 19337765 |
| hyperproduction of chitinase influences crystal toxin synthesis and sporulation of bacillus thuringiensis. | bacillus thuringiensis hd-73 was transformed with the endochitinase gene chia74 under the control of a strong promoter (pcyta) and a 5' mrna stabilizing (stab-sd) sequence (hd-73-pebchia74). expression levels were compared with those observed from the wild type strain (hd-73) and the recombinant hd-73 strain expressing chia74 under the control of its native promoter (hd-73-pehchia74). the chitinolytic activity of hd-73-pebchia74 was markedly elevated, being ~58- and 362-fold higher than, respect ... | 2009 | 19337851 |
| safety assessment of cry1ab/ac fusion protein. | cry1ab/ac gene was fused by both the cry1ab gene (genbank accession no. x54939) and the cry1ac gene (genbank accession no. y09787), which was widely used in genetically modified (gm) rice, cotton, maize and so on. in order to support the safety assessment of gm food or feed products containing cry1ab/ac protein, sufficient quantities of cry1ab/ac protein were produced in escherichia coli for in vitro evaluation and animal studies. the cry1ab/ac protein does not possess the characteristics associ ... | 2009 | 19341779 |
| agrobacterium-mediated transformation of fraxinus pennsylvanica hypocotyls and plant regeneration. | a genetic transformation protocol for green ash (fraxinus pennsylvanica) hypocotyl explants was developed. green ash hypocotyls were transformed using agrobacterium tumefaciens strain eha105 harboring binary vector pq35gr containing the neomycin phosphotransferase (nptii) and beta-glucuronidase (gus) fusion gene, and an enhanced green fluorescent protein gene. pre-cultured hypocotyl explants were transformed in the presence of 100 microm acetosyringone using 90 s sonication plus 10 min vacuum-in ... | 2009 | 19343350 |
| entomopathogenic bacteria as a source of secondary metabolites. | insects are not only the most diverse group of animals on our planet, but also a huge reservoir for unusual microorganism which are a rich source of pharmaceutically interesting natural products. this review focuses on recent advances in the understanding of secondary metabolism of bacillus thuringiensis, pseudomonas entomophila, and xenorhabdus and photorhabdus bacteria all of which are entomopathogenic. genome-sequencing projects revealed the capacity of these bacteria to produce several diffe ... | 2009 | 19345136 |
| identification of an entomopathogenic bacterium, serratia sp. anu101, and its hemolytic activity. | four different bacterial colonies were isolated from an old stock of an entomopathogenic nematode, steinernema monticolum. they all showed entomopathogenicity to final instar larvae of beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua, by hemocoelic injection. however, they varied in colony form, susceptibility to antibiotics, and postmortem change of the infected host insects. biolog microbial identification and 16s rdna sequence analyses indicate that these are four different species classified into different ... | 2009 | 19349758 |
| expression of cry1ac in transgenic tobacco plants under the control of a wound-inducible promoter (aopr1) isolated from asparagus officinalis to control heliothis virescens and manduca sexta. | expression of cry1ac gene from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) was evaluated under the control of a wound-inducible aopr1 promoter from asparagus officinalis in transgenic tobacco plants. the leaves of transgenic plants were mechanically wounded to evaluate the activity of the aopr1 promoter in driving the expression of cry1ac protein at the wound site. our results indicate that mechanical wounding of transgenic plants was effective in inducing the expression of cry1ac protein. as a result of this i ... | 2009 | 19353306 |
| setting the record straight: a rebuttal to an erroneous analysis on transgenic insecticidal crops and natural enemies. | 2009 | 19357987 | |
| an improved bioassay for the detection of bacillus thuringiensis beta-exotoxin. | some bacillus thuringiensis strains secrete beta-exotoxin, which is an insecticidal, thermostable adenine nucleotide analogue. discrepancies between detection of beta-exotoxin by high-performance liquid chromatography and insect bioassays have shown the importance of bioassays in the determination of beta-exotoxin production. with the aim of improving the fly beta-exotoxin bioassay, a range of fly diets were evaluated and the best performing diet was incorporated into a novel beta-exotoxin bioas ... | 2009 | 19358852 |
| activity of bacteriocins synthesized by bacillus thuringiensis against staphylococcus aureus isolates associated to bovine mastitis. | antimicrobial therapy is a useful tool to control bovine mastitis caused by staphylococcus aureus, as consequence an increase in staphylococci resistant cases has been registered. alternative strategies are desirable and bacteriocins represent attractive control agents to prevent bovine mastitis. the aim of this work was to evaluate the activity of five bacteriocins synthesized by bacillus thuringiensis against s. aureus isolates associated to bovine mastitis. fifty s. aureus isolates were recov ... | 2009 | 19359107 |
| validity assessment of the detection method of maize event bt10 through investigation of its molecular structure. | in march 2005, u.s. authorities informed the european commission of the inadvertent release of unauthorized maize gm event bt10 in their market and subsequently the grain channel. in the united states measures were taken to eliminate bt10 from seed and grain supplies; in the european union an embargo for maize gluten and brewer's grain import was implemented unless certified of bt10 absence with a bt10-specific pcr detection method. with the aim of assessing the validity of the bt10 detection me ... | 2009 | 19368351 |
| modulation of bacillus thuringiensis phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c activity by mutations in the putative dimerization interface. | cleavage of phosphatidylinositol (pi) to inositol 1,2-(cyclic)-phosphate (cip) and cip hydrolysis to inositol 1-phosphate by bacillus thuringiensis phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c are activated by the enzyme binding to phosphatidylcholine (pc) surfaces. part of this reflects improved binding of the protein to interfaces. however, crystallographic analysis of an interfacially impaired phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase (w47a/w242a) suggested protein dimerization might occur ... | 2009 | 19369255 |
| construction of a recombinant intergenus multidomain chimeric protein for simultaneous expression of haemolysin bl of bacillus cereus, listeriolysin o of listeria monocytogenes and enterotoxin b of staphylococcus aureus. | haemolysin bl (hbl) of bacillus cereus, listeriolysin o (llo) of listeria monocytogenes and enterotoxin b (seb) of staphylococcus aureus are among the major toxin components contributing to the pathogenicity of these organisms in foodborne illnesses. in this study, an intergenus non-toxic multidomain fusion protein (r-hle) was generated with specificity for hbl, llo and seb. the fusion gene (r-hle) comprising the conserved regions of hbld and the hly and entb genes was codon-optimized for expres ... | 2009 | 19369518 |