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antimicrobial activity of extracts of edible wild and cultivated mushrooms against foodborne bacterial strains.the antimicrobial activity of aqueous, methanol, hexane, and ethyl acetate extracts from edible wild and cultivated mushrooms against nine foodborne pathogenic bacterial strains (escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enteritidis, shigella sonnei, vibrio parahaemolyticus, yersinia enterocolitica, bacillus cereus, clostridium perfringens, listeria monocytogenes, and staphylococcus aureus) was screened with a disk diffusion assay. twenty-nine of the 48 species tested had antimicrobial activity. meth ...200818724768
vibrio parahemolyticus, a newly recognized cause of food-borne illiness. 197318730938
immunomagnetic separation and coagglutination of vibrio parahaemolyticus with anti-flagellar protein monoclonal antibody.mice were immunized by injection of vibrio parahaemolyticus atcc 17802 polar flagellin in order to produce monoclonal antibodies (mabs). mabs were analyzed by anti-h enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using v. parahaemolyticus polar flagellar cores. the mab exhibiting the highest anti-h titer was coated onto cowan i staphylococcus aureus cells at a concentration of 75 microg/ml cell suspension and used for slide coagglutination. of 41 isolates identified genetically as v. parahaemolyticus, 100% c ...200818753337
isolation of a vibrio parahaemolyticus pandemic strain from a marine water sample obtained in the northern adriatic. 200818768128
surveillance of health status on eight marine rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), farms in denmark in 2006.the health status of eight marine rainbow trout farms was followed from mid-june to mid-september 2006 by sampling both dead and healthy fish approximately every 2 weeks for bacteriological and virological investigation. no fish pathogenic viruses were detected, but all farms experienced disease and mortality as a result of various bacterial infections. yersinia ruckeri was found on four and renibacterium salmoninarum on five of the farms, but only during the first part of the surveillance perio ...200818786028
dynamic localization of mreb in vibrio parahaemolyticus and in the ectopic host bacterium escherichia coli.mreb, a homolog of eukaryotic actin, participates in morphogenesis, cell division, cell polarity, and chromosome segregation in prokaryotes. in this study, a yellow fluorescent protein conjugate (yfp-mreb(vp)) was generated to investigate the behavior of mreb in merodiploid strain sc9 of the enteropathogen vibrio parahaemolyticus. under normal growth conditions, yfp-mreb(vp) formed helical filaments with a pitch of 0.64 +/- 0.09 microm in about 85% of exponential-phase cells, and different clust ...200818791022
antibacterial compounds from rose bengal-sensitized photooxidation of beta-caryophyllene.the bactericidal activity of beta-caryophyllene photooxidized in acetonitrile was examined for 5 gram-positive and 4 gram-negative foodborne bacteria. the beta-caryophyllene (5 x 10(-3) m) was photooxidized in acetonitrile containing rose bengal (6.25 x 10(-4) m) for 24 h under fluorescent light. the antimicrobial activities of samples were determined by the agar-disc diffusion method. active compounds from the photooxidized beta-caryophyllene were isolated by silica gel open-column chromatograp ...200818803699
hfq regulates the expression of the thermostable direct hemolysin gene in vibrio parahaemolyticus.the hfq gene is conserved in a wide variety of bacteria and hfq is involved in many cellular functions such as stress responses and the regulation of gene expression. it has also been reported that hfq is involved in bacterial pathogenicity. however, it is not clear whether hfq regulates virulence in vibrio parahaemolyticus. to evaluate this, we investigated the effect of hfq on the expression of virulence-associated genes including thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh), which is considered to be ...200818803872
antibacterial activity of xanthorrhizol isolated from curcuma xanthorrhiza roxb. against foodborne pathogens.xanthorrhizol, isolated from the ethanol extract of curcuma xanthorrhiza roxb., is a sesquiterpene compound with a molecular weight of 218. the aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of xanthorrhizol against foodborne pathogens. the antibacterial activity of xanthorrhizol was measured in terms of the mic and the mbc. mics and mbcs of xanthorrhizol against bacillus cereus, clostridium perfringens, listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus, salmonella typhimurium, and ...200818810881
localization and expression of mreb in vibrio parahaemolyticus under different stresses.mreb, the homolog of eukaryotic actin, may play a vital role when prokaryotes cope with stress by altering their spatial organization, including their morphology, subcellular architecture, and localization of macromolecules. this study investigates the behavior of mreb in vibrio parahaemolyticus under various stresses. the behavior of mreb was probed using a yellow fluorescent protein-mreb conjugate in merodiploid strain sc9. under normal growth conditions, mreb formed helical filaments in expon ...200818820055
development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for sensitive and rapid detection of vibrio parahaemolyticus.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a marine seafood-borne pathogen causing gastrointestinal disorders in humans. thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) and tdh-related hemolysin (trh) are known as major virulence determinants of v. parahaemolyticus. most v. parahaemolyticus isolates from the environment do not produce tdh or trh. total v. parahaemolyticus has been used as an indicator for control of seafood contamination toward prevention of infection. detection of total v. parahaemolyticus using conventio ...200818823567
cloning and expression analysis of two alternative splicing toll-like receptor 9 isoforms a and b in large yellow croaker, pseudosciaena crocea.toll-like receptors (tlrs) are the archetypal pattern-recognition receptors in sensing foreign pathogens. in this report, two alternative splicing isoforms of tlr9 (named pctlr9a and pctlr9b) cdna were cloned from the large yellow croaker, pseudosciaena crocea. the full-length cdna of pctlr9a was of 3637bp, including a 5'-terminal untranslated region (utr) of 111bp, 3'-terminal utr of 355bp and an open reading frame (orf) of 3171bp encoding a polypeptide of 1056 amino acids. however, the full-le ...200818824108
a novel dna microarray for rapid diagnosis of enteropathogenic bacteria in stool specimens of patients with diarrhea.a microarray technique for the detection and identification of enteropathogenic bacteria at the species and subspecies levels was developed in this study, and the target bacteria included pathogenic escherichia coli, vibrio cholerae, vibrio parahaemolyticus, salmonella enterica, campylobacter jejuni, shigellae, yersinia enterocolitica, and listeria monocytogenes. the virulence gene of each pathogen was chosen as the amplification target, labeled with a fluorescence dye by multiplex polymerase ch ...200818834908
molecular and functional characterization of a novel cc chemokine in large yellow croaker (pseudosciaena crocea).a full-length cc chemokine cdna was isolated from large yellow croaker (pseudosciaena crocea) by expressed sequence tag (est) analysis (lyccc2). its open reading frame (orf) is 282 nucleotides (nt), encoding a polypeptide of 93 amino acids (aa). the deduced lyccc2 contains a 20-aa signal peptide and a 73-aa mature polypeptide, which possesses the typical arrangement of four cysteines as found in other known cc chemokines (c(34), c(35), c(61) and c(75)). it shares 17.4-40.4% and 10.0-24.5% aa seq ...200818835451
physicochemical properties of diheme cytochrome c4 of unknown function from vibrio parahaemolyticus strain rimd2210633.to characterize a diheme cytochrome c4 of unknown functional of the vibrio genus for the first time, the vibrio parahaemolyticus cytochrome c4 was overexpressed in escherichia coli periplasm using the endogenous signal sequence. the physicochemical properties of the purified recombinant protein, viz., molecular mass, uv/vis, and cd spectra, and the redox potentials of the n- and c-terminal domain hemes were determined.200818838782
necrotizing fasciitis due to vibrio parahaemolyticus.a report of a fatal case of necrotizing fasciitis of the leg due to vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. this organism frequently causes minor infections in seawater-exposed wounds. in this case the patient died due to fulminant sepsis caused by necrotizing fasciitis, despite surgical debridement. this case serves as a reminder for targeted antibiotic coverage for vibrio in any serious saltwater-related infection, and as an illustration of the rapid and severe systemic toxicity associated with vib ...200818841190
acanthamoeba castellanii promotes the survival of vibrio parahaemolyticus.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a food-borne pathogen that naturally inhabits both marine and estuarine environments. free-living protozoa exist in similar aquatic environments and function to control bacterial numbers by grazing on free-living bacteria. protozoa also play an important role in the survival and spread of some pathogenic species of bacteria. we investigated the interaction between the protozoan acanthamoeba castellanii and the bacterium vibrio parahaemolyticus. we found that acanthamoe ...200818849458
the human health burden of foodborne infections caused by campylobacter, salmonella, and vibrio parahaemolyticus in miyagi prefecture, japan.to estimate the human health burden of foodborne infections caused by campylobacter, salmonella, and vibrio parahaemolyticus in japan, an epidemiological study was conducted in miyagi prefecture. laboratory-confirmed infections among patients with diarrhea caused by the three pathogens were ascertained from two clinical laboratories in the prefecture from april 2005 to march 2006. to estimate the number of ill persons who were not laboratory-confirmed, we estimated physician-consultation rates f ...200818851675
emergence of asiatic vibrio diseases in south america in phase with el niño.the seventh pandemic of vibrio cholerae unexpectedly reached the coast of peru in 1991, causing an explosive emergence of infections throughout the american continents. the origin and routes of dissemination are as yet unknown. a new vibrio epidemic arose in 1997 in south america (northern chile) when the pandemic clone of vibrio parahaemolyticus was for the fist time detected outside of asia. these 2 cases were concurrent with 2 episodes of el niño.200818854707
seasonal distribution of total and pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus in chesapeake bay oysters and waters.the objectives of this study were to investigate the seasonal distribution of total and pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus in the chesapeake bay oysters and waters, and to determine the degree of association between v. parahaemolyticus densities and selected environmental parameters. oyster and water samples were collected monthly from three sites in chesapeake bay, maryland from november 2004 through october 2005. during collection of samples, water temperature, salinity, turbidity, dissolved o ...200818963158
[isolation of vibrio parahaemolyticus having new combination of o and k serotypes from traveler's diarrheal patients]. 200818975593
first molluscan tnf-alpha homologue of the tnf superfamily in disk abalone: molecular characterization and expression analysis.tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) is considered as a multifunctional immune modulator that plays an important role in the innate and adaptive immune systems in vertebrates. here, we described the characterization and expression analysis of the first tnf-alpha homologue in mollusk abalone, named as abtnf-alpha. it has 930-bp full length with a 717-bp open reading frame (orf), encoding 239 amino acids. the abtnf-alpha amino acid sequence shows the characteristic tnf family signature, n-termi ...200918984056
not without cause: vibrio parahaemolyticus induces acute autophagy and cell death.vibrio parahaemolyticus (v. parahaemolyticus) is a gram-negative halophillic bacterium that causes worldwide seafood-borne gastroenteritis. the prevalence of v. parahaemolyticus in the environment and incidence of infection have been linked to rising water temperatures caused by global warming. among its virulence factors, v. parahaemolyticus harbors two type iii secretion systems (t3ss). recently, we have shown that t3ss1 induces rapid cellular death that initiates with acute autophagy, as meas ...200919011375
reanalysis of structure/function correlations in the region of transmembrane segments 4 and 5 of the rabbit sodium/glucose cotransporter.the predicted topology of the mammalian high-affinity sodium/glucose cotransporter (sglt1), in the region surrounding transmembrane segments 4 and 5, disagrees with the recent published crystal structure of bacterial sglt from vibrio parahaemolyticus (vsglt). to investigate this issue further, 38 residues from i143 to a180 in the n-terminal half of rabbit sglt1 were each replaced with cysteine and then expressed in cos-7 cells or xenopus laevis oocytes. the membrane orientations of the substitut ...200919013429
characteristics of a pandemic clone of o3 : k6 and o4 : k68 vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated in beira, mozambique.the genetic characteristics of vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated in 2004 and 2005 in mozambique were assessed in this study to determine whether the pandemic clone of v. parahaemolyticus o3 : k6 and o4 : k68 serotypes has spread to mozambique. fifty-eight v. parahaemolyticus strains isolated from hospitalized diarrhoea patients in beira, mozambique, were serotyped for o : k antigens and genotyped for toxr, tdh and trh genes. a group-specific pcr, a pcr that detects the presence of orf8 of ...200819018020
genome plasticity of vibrio parahaemolyticus: microevolution of the 'pandemic group'.outbreak of v. parahaemolyticus infections occurred since 1996 was linked to a proposed clonal complex, the pandemic group. the whole genome sequence provides an unprecedented opportunity for dissecting genome plasticity and phylogeny of the populations of v. parahaemolyticus. in the present work, a whole-genome cdna microarray was constructed to compare the genomic contents of a collection of 174 strains of v. parahaemolyticus.200819038058
ampylation of rho gtpases by vibrio vops disrupts effector binding and downstream signaling.the vibrio parahaemolyticus type iii effector vops is implicated in cell rounding and the collapse of the actin cytoskeleton by inhibiting rho guanosine triphosphatases (gtpases). we found that vops could act to covalently modify a conserved threonine residue on rho, rac, and cdc42 with adenosine 5'-monophosphate (amp). the resulting ampylation prevented the interaction of rho gtpases with downstream effectors, thereby inhibiting actin assembly in the infected cell. eukaryotic proteins were also ...200919039103
innate immunity in the deep sea hydrothermal vent mussel bathymodiolus azoricus.the interaction between microorganisms and host defense mechanisms is a decisive factor for the survival of marine bivalves. they rely on cell-mediated and humoral reactions to overcome the pathogens that naturally occur in the marine environment. in order to understand host defense reactions in animals inhabiting extreme environments we investigated some of the components from the immune system of the deep sea hydrothermal vent mussel bathymodiolus azoricus. cellular constituents in the hemolym ...200919041413
protein expression in vibrio parahaemolyticus 690 subjected to sublethal heat and ethanol shock treatments.cells of vibrio parahaemolyticus 690 were subjected either to heat shock at 42 degrees c for 45 min or to ethanol shock in the presence of 5% ethanol for 60 min. the protein profiles of the unstressed and stressed v. parahaemolyticus cells were compared. additionally, the induction of dnak- and groel-like proteins in the unstressed and stressed cells of v. parahaemolyticus was also examined. analysis with one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) indica ...200819044275
molecular cloning and expression of myd88 in large yellow croaker, pseudosciaena crocea.myeloid differentiation factor 88 (myd88) is an adaptor protein involved in the interleukin-1 receptor and toll-like receptor-induced activation of nuclear factor-kappab (nf-kappab). in this report, the full-length cdna of myd88 was cloned from the large yellow croaker, pseudosciaena crocea. it was of 1574 bp, including a 5'-terminal untranslated region (utr) of 89 bp, a 3'-terminal utr of 621bp and an open reading frame (orf) of 864 bp encoding a polypeptide of 287 amino acids. it contained a t ...200919049879
cold-induced gene expression profiles of vibrio parahaemolyticus: a time-course analysis.a whole-genome dna microarray was constructed to dissect expression profiles of vibrio parahaemolyticus in response to a sudden temperature downshift from 37 to 10 degrees c. the mrna level of each gene at each of three time points (20, 40 and 60 min after temperature downshift) was compared with that just before cold treatment. clustering analysis of time-course data revealed nine gene clusters with different time-dependent expression patterns. downregulation of metabolism-related genes was obv ...200919054071
[rapid detection method of three types of bacterial pathogens in aquatic products established by multiplex pcr].to develop a rapid multiplex pcr (m-pcr) assay for simultaneously detection of three foodborne pathogens in aquatic products.200819069666
identification and characterization of a novel type iii secretion system in trh-positive vibrio parahaemolyticus strain th3996 reveal genetic lineage and diversity of pathogenic machinery beyond the species level.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a bacterial pathogen causative of food-borne gastroenteritis. whole-genome sequencing of v. parahaemolyticus strain rimd2210633, which exhibits kanagawa phenomenon (kp), revealed the presence of two sets of the genes for the type iii secretion system (t3ss) on chromosomes 1 and 2, t3ss1 and t3ss2, respectively. although t3ss2 of the rimd2210633 strain is thought to be involved in human pathogenicity, i.e., enterotoxicity, the genes for t3ss2 have not been found in trh- ...200919075025
morphological changes of vibrio parahaemolyticus under cold and starvation stresses.this study addresses morphological changes of vibrio parahaemolyticus cells during the initial period of stress. drastic changes occurred in cells under starvation with/without concomitant cold treatment for one to a few days. under carbon starvation, rod-shaped cells became coccoid by reductive division, which was influenced by glucose/amino acid in the culture medium. under concomitant cold and carbon starvation, cells entered the viable but nonculturable state and their shape changed from rod ...200919101053
[detection and identification of seven clinical common pathogenic bacteria by oligonucleotide microarray].using 16s rdna and 23s rdna genes as the target sequences to develop a system based on oligonucleotide microarray and to detect the seven clinical pathogenic bacteria, commonly seen.200819103121
improved isolation and detection of pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus from seafood using a new enrichment broth.the efficiency of a new enrichment broth containing bile salt, sodium taurocholate (st broth) in detecting pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus from seafood was compared with the traditional alkaline peptone water (apw). both the enrichment broths were compared using 58 seafood samples harvested along the southwest coast of india using conventional isolation, colony hybridization following enrichment (cfe) and pcr. v. parahaemolyticus carrying tdh gene were isolated from 6.9% (4/58) and 3.4% (2/58 ...200919103467
detection of vibrio parahaemolyticus in tropical shellfish by sybr green real-time pcr and evaluation of three enrichment media.a rapid, sensitive and highly reproducible sybr green based real-time pcr assay was developed for detection of tdh positive pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus. minimum detection limit was 0.1 pg of pure v. parahaemolyticus genomic dna with typical r(2) values >0.99 and coefficient of variation (cv) values ranging from 1.2 to 4.2 on three different days. the method was also used to evaluate the effect of three different enrichment media alkaline peptone water (apw), sodium taurocholate (st) broth ...200919106013
detection of total and pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus in shellfish: comparison of pcr protocols using pr72h or toxr targets with a culture method.pcr protocols directly applied to enrichment broth cultures were compared with a culture method based on the iso reference for detection of vibrio parahaemolyticus in 57 natural bivalve mollusc samples. comparisons were made on different primer pairs specifically targeting the v. parahaemolyticus-specific toxr gene (vp-toxr) and pr72h fragment, and also tdh and trh hemolysin genes. the pcr method using these different primer pairs and the culture method were also examined for their limits of det ...200919106014
genetic diversity among norwegian vibrio parahaemolyticus.to examine the variability among environmental vibrio parahaemolyticus (including trh+ isolates) from norway, and to compare these to clinical isolates and isolates from imported foods.200819120665
susceptibility of vibrio parahaemolyticus to tris-dependent dna degradation during pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. 200919129409
evaluation of different procedures for the optimized detection of vibrio parahaemolyticus in mussels and environmental samples.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a marine bacterium with a worldwide distribution and is frequently associated with human outbreaks of infection. detection and isolation of v. parahaemolyticus from natural sources is often problematical because of limitations in the analytical procedures. we evaluated a combination of conventional and molecular protocols previously described for the investigation of v. parahaemolyticus, with the aim of identifying the best procedures for improved detection of this org ...200919131137
[rapid detection of vibrio parahaemolyticus by taqman-based real-time pcr assay targeting the toxr gene].we designed a pair of specific primers and a taqman fluorescent probe targeting the toxr gene of vibrio parahaemolyticus (vp). after optimizing the conditions, the specialty, sensitivity and reproducibility of the detection method were evaluated. results: (1) the developed real-time pcr assay protocol detected only vp and was not affected by other normal food pathogens such as staphylococcus aureus, salmonela, listeria monocytogenes. (2) the limit of detection was 25 copies of toxr gene in the d ...200819149202
enhancement of uv light sensitivity of a vibrio parahaemolyticus o3:k6 pandemic strain due to natural lysogenization by a telomeric phage.the vibrio parahaemolyticus o3:k6 pandemic clonal strain was first observed in southern chile in 2004 and has since caused approximately 8,000 seafood-related diarrhea cases in this region. the massive proliferation of the original clonal population offers a unique opportunity to study the evolution of a bacterial pathogen in its natural environment by detection and characterization of emerging bacterial variants. here, we describe a group of pandemic variants characterized by the presence of a ...200919151181
inactivation of mismatch repair increases the diversity of vibrio parahaemolyticus.inactivation of mismatch repair (mmr) has been shown to increase the accumulation of spontaneous mutations and frequency of recombination for diverse pathogenic bacteria. currently, little is known regarding the role of mutator phenotypes for the diversification of natural populations of opportunistic human pathogens in marine environments. in this study, a higher frequency of mutators was detected among v. parahaemolyticus strains obtained from environmental sources compared with clinical sourc ...200919161434
siderophore production by the marine-derived aureobasidium pullulans and its antimicrobial activity.over 300 yeast strains isolated from different marine environments were screened for their ability to produce siderophore. among them, only the yeast strain hn6.2 which was identified to be aureobasidium pullulans was found to produce high level of the siderophore. under the optimal conditions, this yeast strain could produce 1.1mg/ml of the siderophore. the crude siderophore produced by the yeast strain hn6.2 was able to inhibit cell growth of vibrio anguillarum and vibrio parahaemolyticus, iso ...200919162476
evaluation of a digoxigenin-labelled probe for detection of aeromonas spp.an outer membrane protein-based digoxigenin (dig)-labelled dna probe was developed for the specific detection of aeromonas sp. from food/environmental/clinical samples. dot blot reaction answered for all the aeromonas isolates and was negative for escherichia coli, pseudomonas sp., klebsiella sp., vibrio parahaemolyticus, v. harveyi, v. alginolyticus, v. vulnificus. edwardsiella tarda and staphylococcus sp. as this protein is highly conserved in various aeromonas species, the probe has the poten ...200919187505
epidemiology of vibrio parahaemolyticus outbreaks, southern chile.disease outbreaks caused by vibrio parahaemolyticus in puerto montt, chile, began in 2004 and reached a peak in 2005 at 3,600 clinical cases. until 2006, every analyzed case was caused by the serovar o3:k6 pandemic strain. in the summer of 2007, only 475 cases were reported; 73% corresponded to the pandemic strain. this decrease was associated with a change in serotype of many pandemic isolates to o3:k59 and the emergence of new clinical strains. one of these strains, associated with 11% of the ...200919193258
prevalence and potential pathogenicity of vibrio parahaemolyticus in chinese mitten crabs (eriocheir sinensis) harvested from the river thames estuary, england.chinese mitten crabs (eriocheir sinensis) have been described as an alien invasive species in the river thames, united kingdom, and elsewhere in europe. the crabs can cause considerable physical damage to the riverbeds and threaten native ecosystems. trapping has been considered an option, but such attempts to control mitten crab populations in germany in the 1930s failed. in the united kingdom, it has been suggested that commercial exploitation of the species could be employed as a control opti ...200919205465
evaluation of the compact dry vp method for screening raw seafood for total vibrio parahaemolyticus.compact dry vp (cdvp) is a ready-to-use method for enumerating vibrio parahaemolyticus in food. the presterilized plates contain a culture medium comprising peptone, nacl, bile salts, antibiotics, chromogenic substrates, and polysaccharide gum as a cold water-soluble gelling. after diluting raw seafood samples in a phosphate-buffered saline solution, a 1-ml aliquot was inoculated onto the center of the plate and allowed to diffuse by capillary action. blue-green colonies forming on the plates we ...200919205480
effects of flash freezing, followed by frozen storage, on reducing vibrio parahaemolyticus in pacific raw oysters (crassostrea gigas).this study investigated the effects of flash freezing, followed by frozen storage, on reducing vibrio parahaemolyticus in pacific raw oysters. raw pacific oysters were inoculated with a five-strain cocktail of v. parahaemolyticus at a total level of approximately 3.5 x 10(5) most probable number (mpn) per gram. inoculated oysters were subjected to an ultralow flash-freezing process (-95.5 degrees c for 12 min) and stored at -10, -20, and -30 degrees c for 6 months. populations of v. parahaemolyt ...200919205481
mg2+-free buffer elevates transformation efficiency of vibrio parahaemolyticus by electroporation.the ability to transform vibrio spp. is limited by the extracellular nuclease that their cells secrete. the reported transformation efficiency of this organism is 10(2)-10(5) transformants per microgram dna. we tried different buffers and conditions, aiming to elevate its transformation efficiency.200919207855
vibrio biofilms: so much the same yet so different.vibrios are natural inhabitants of aquatic environments and form symbiotic or pathogenic relationships with eukaryotic hosts. recent studies reveal that the ability of vibrios to form biofilms (i.e. matrix-enclosed, surface-associated communities) depends upon specific structural genes (flagella, pili and exopolysaccharide biosynthesis) and regulatory processes (two-component regulators, quorum sensing and c-di-gmp signaling). here, we compare and contrast mechanisms and regulation of biofilm fo ...200919231189
antibiotic resistance in the shellfish pathogen vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from the coastal water and sediment of georgia and south carolina, usa.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a gram-negative pathogen commonly encountered in estuarine and marine environments, and a common cause of seafood-related gastrointestinal infections. we isolated 350 v. parahaemolyticus strains from water and sediment at three locations along the atlantic coast of georgia and south carolina during various seasons. these isolates were tested for susceptibility to 24 antibiotics. isolate virulence was determined through pcr of tdh and trh genes. the breadth of resistanc ...200819244914
assessment of safety, nutritional, and spoilage characteristics of different lagoon grey mullets (liza ramada, liza aurata, and liza saliens).different lagoon grey mullets such as liza ramada (thinlip mullet), liza aurata (golden grey mullet), and liza saliens (leaping grey mullet) were analyzed for their nutritional, microbiological, and safety parameters. the microbiological values never exceeded the lower limits stipulated by the italian higher institute of health. the pathogenic species frequently associated with seafood (salmonella, listeria monocytogenes, vibrio cholerae, vibrio parahaemolyticus, and aeromonas hydrophila) were n ...200819244917
type iii secretion system 1 of vibrio parahaemolyticus induces oncosis in both epithelial and monocytic cell lines.the vibrio parahaemolyticus type iii secretion system 1 (t3ss1) induces cytotoxicity in mammalian epithelial cells. we characterized the cell death phenotype in both epithelial (hela) and monocytic (u937) cell lines following infection with v. parahaemolyticus. using a combination of the wild-type strain and gene knockouts, we confirmed that v. parahaemolyticus strain ny-4 was able to induce cell death in both cell lines via a t3ss1-dependent mechanism. bacterial contact, but not internalization ...200919246755
identification and characterization of genes required for utilization of desferri-ferrichrome and aerobactin in vibrio parahaemolyticus.during the course of our investigation on the iron acquisition systems in vibrio parahaemolyticus, a causative agent of seafood-related gastroenteritis, we found that this species utilizes desferri-ferrichrome for growth as a heterologous siderophore (a siderophore produced by other bacteria and fungi) under iron-limiting conditions. n-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of the iron-repressible outer membrane proteins followed by searches of the reported genomic sequences of this species ident ...200919252278
selection of lactic acid bacteria from fermented plant beverages to use as inoculants for improving the quality of the finished product.lactic acid bacteria (lab) from fermented plant beverages were selected based on their antibacterial actions against potential food borne pathogenic bacteria (staphylococcus aureus psscmi 0004, escherichia coli psscmi 0001, salmonella typhimurium psscmi 0034 and vibrio parahaemolyticus vp 4). antibacterial activities were measured using an agar spot method. the lactobacillus plantarum w90a strain isolated from a wild forest noni (morinda coreia ham) beverage was used as an inoculant. three diffe ...200819260331
characterization of a new plasmid-like prophage in a pandemic vibrio parahaemolyticus o3:k6 strain.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a common food-borne pathogen that is normally associated with seafood. in 1996, a pandemic o3:k6 strain abruptly appeared and caused the first pandemic of this pathogen to spread throughout many asian countries, america, europe, and africa. the role of temperate bacteriophages in the evolution of this pathogen is of great interest. in this work, a new temperate phage, vp882, from a pandemic o3:k6 strain of v. parahaemolyticus was purified and characterized after mitomy ...200919286788
osmoadaptation among vibrio species and unique genomic features and physiological responses of vibrio parahaemolyticus.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a moderately halophilic bacterium found in estuarine and marine coastal ecosystems worldwide. although the ability of v. parahaemolyticus to grow and proliferate in fluctuating saline environments is well known, the underlying molecular mechanisms of osmoadaptation are unknown. we performed an in silico analysis of v. parahaemolyticus strain rimd2210633 for genes homologous to osmotic stress response genes in other bacteria. we uncovered two putative compatible solute ...200919286794
inactivation of vibrio parahaemolyticus in pure culture, whole live and half shell oysters (crassostrea virginica) by x-ray.to study the inactivation effect of different doses of x-ray on vibrio parahaemolyticus in pure culture, inoculated whole live and half shell oysters and to evaluate the efficacy of x-ray doses on reduction of inherent microflora on oysters.200919291215
bacterial fic proteins amp up infection.proteins containing fic (filamentation induced by cyclic adenosine monophosphate) domains are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, but their function has remained elusive. recent studies indicate that bacterial fic domain-containing proteins disrupt host cell processes after being delivered into eukaryotic host cells: the vibrio parahaemolyticus vops protein interferes with rho guanine triphosphatase (gtpase) function, and the legionella pneumophila ankx protein disrupts the micro ...200919293428
growth inhibition of foodborne and pathogenic bacteria by conjugated linoleic acid.the influence of conjugated linoleic acid (cla) on the growth of some foodborne and pathogenic bacteria was examined. a potassium salt of cla (cla-k) was tested against three gram-positive strains ( bacillus cereus , staphylococcus aureus , and streptococcus mutans ) and five gram-negative strains ( pseudomonas aeruginosa , salmonella typhimurium , vibrio parahemolyticus , klebsiella pneumoniae , and proteus mirabilis ). cla-k-mediated growth inhibition was evident for all tested strains, partic ...200919317483
temperature effects on the depuration of vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus from the american oyster (crassostrea virginica).this study investigated temperature effects on depuration for reducing vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus in american oyster (crassostrea virginica). raw oysters were inoculated with 5-strain cocktail of v. parahaemolyticus or v. vulnificus to levels of 10(4) to 10(5) mpn (most probable number)/g and depurated in artificial seawater (asw) at 22, 15, 10, and 5 degrees c. depuration of oysters at 22 degrees c had limited effects on reducing v. parahaemolyticus or v. vulnificus in the oy ...200919323759
suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (socs-2) homologue in disk abalone: cloning, sequence characterization and expression analysis.suppressor of cytokine signaling (socs) proteins are inhibitors of cytokine signaling pathways and key physiological regulators of both innate and adaptive immune systems in vertebrates. in present study, we provided the initial characterization of socs-2 homologue from the mollusk abalone haliotis discus discus as a member of invertebrate socs-2. the disk abalone socs-2 cdna (absocs-2) contains 1700-bp full length with 771-bp coding sequence, which codes 257 amino acids protein. based on the se ...200919340953
[vibrio species in the waters of southern sweden caused bath-wound fever. increased bacteria frequency according to studies on clams]. 200919350770
enzymatic, outer membrane proteins and plasmid alterations of starved vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio alginolyticus cells in seawater.the marine bacteria vibrio parahaemolyticus and v. alginolyticus were incubated in seawater for 8 months to evaluate their adaptative responses to starvation. the starved cells showed an altered biochemical and enzymatic profiles, respectively, on api 20e and api zym systems and an evolution to the filterable minicells state capable to pass membrane pore size 0.45 microm. outer membrane proteins patterns of stressed bacteria were also altered. indeed, these modifications were manifested by the a ...200919373459
survival of vibrio parahaemolyticus under environmental stresses as influenced by growth phase and pre-adaptation treatment.in this study, the susceptibility of vibrio parahaemolyticus in different growth phases after exposure to lethal stresses including 47 degrees c and 8% ethanol was first investigated. the effect of a culture's growth phase on both the heat and ethanol shock response of v. parahaemolyticus was then examined. it was found that cells of v. parahaemolyticus in the mid-exponential phase, regardless of adaptation, were most susceptible to environmental stresses, while cells in the stationary phase wer ...200919376460
multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis for clonal identification of vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates by using capillary electrophoresis.epidemics of vibrio parahaemolyticus in chile have occurred since 1998. direct genome restriction enzyme analysis (dgrea) using conventional gel electrophoresis permitted discrimination of different v. parahaemolyticus isolates obtained from these outbreaks and showed that this species consists of a highly diverse population. a multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat (vntr) analysis (mlva) approach was developed and applied to 22 clinical and 91 environmental v. parahaemolyticus isolates fr ...200919376898
phenotypic and genetic differences between opaque and translucent colonies of vibrio alginolyticus.many pathogens undergo phase variation between rugose and smooth colony morphology or between opaque and translucent colony morphology, which is mainly due to the variation in the surface polysaccharides. in this study, vibrio alginolyticus zj-51 displayed phase variation between opaque, rugose colonies (op) and translucent, smooth colonies (tr). unlike the vibrios reported previously, tr cells of zj-51 enhanced biofilm formation and motility, but they did not differ from op cells in the quantit ...200919408137
identification of immune responsible fibrinogen beta chain in the liver of large yellow croaker using a modified annealing control primer system.in this article, we used a modified acp system (macp) developed in our laboratory to analyze differentially expressed genes in the liver of large yellow croaker, pseudosciaena crocea (richardson). by using 20 pairs of macps, 7 differentially expressed genes were obtained. one of the genes we identified encodes for a fibrinogen beta chain (fgb). the full-length cdna of fgb was 1645 bp, including 5 bp of 5' untranslated region (5'-utr), 1479 bp of open reading frame (orf), and 161 bp of 3'-utr. th ...200919422918
systematic functional pandemic strain-specific genes, three genomic islands, two t3sss in foodborne, and clinical vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates in china.vibrio parahaemolyticus is one of the most important pathogens capable of causing foodborne gastroenteritis in china, japan, and other countries. pathogenic v. parahaemolyticus has been known to produce either thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh), tdh-related hemolysin (trh), or both. the emergence of a new clone in 1995, v. parahaemolyticus o3:k6, has resulted in the first documented pandemic spread of v. parahaemolyticus. in this study, 235 isolates from clinical and food sources were character ...200919425827
molecular cloning and characterization of macrophage migration inhibitory factor from small abalone haliotis diversicolor supertexta.the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (mif) cdna and its genome were cloned from small abalone haliotis diversicolor supertexta. small abalone mif (samif) was originally identified from an expressed sequence tag (est) fragment from a normalized cdna library. it's 5' untranslated region (utr) was obtained by 5' rapid amplification of cdna end (race) techniques and its genomic dna was cloned by pcr. the full-length cdna of samif was of 535 bp, consisting of a 5'-terminal utr of 49 bp, an open ...200919426810
rapid and specific detection of the thermostable direct hemolysin gene in vibrio parahaemolyticus by loop-mediated isothermal amplification.several investigators have reported that thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) and tdh-related hemolysin are important virulence factors of vibrio parahaemolyticus, but it has been difficult to detect these factors rapidly in seafood and other environmental samples. a novel nucleic acid amplification method, termed the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp), which amplifies dna with high specificity and rapidity under isothermal conditions, was applied. in this study, we designed tdh gene-s ...200919435222
determination of foodborne pathogenic bacteria by multiplex pcr-microchip capillary electrophoresis with genetic algorithm-support vector regression optimization.a rapid and sensitive method based on microchip capillary electrophoresis with condition optimization of genetic algorithm-support vector regression (ga-svr) was developed and applied to simultaneous analysis of multiplex pcr products of four foodborne pathogenic bacteria. four pairs of oligonucleotide primers were designed to exclusively amplify the targeted gene of vibrio parahemolyticus, salmonella, escherichia coli (e. coli) o157:h7, shigella and the quadruplex pcr parameters were optimized. ...200919446070
[recombinant expression and antibacterial activity of i-type lysozyme from sea cucumber stichopus japonicus].the cdna of an i type lysozyme was cloned from stichopus japonicus (named as sjlys). the dna fragment of the mature sjlys was subcloned into expression vector of pet-32a (+) to construct the recombinant plasmid of pet32a (+)-sjlys. the recombinant plasmid was then transformed into escherichia coli bl21 (de3) plyss and induced by isopropylthio-beta-d-galactoside (iptg). the recombinant protein expressed as inclusion bodies was denatured, partially purified and refolded to be an active form. the b ...200919459322
identification and characterization of a type iii secretion-associated chaperone in the type iii secretion system 1 of vibrio parahaemolyticus.vibrio parahaemolyticus causes human gastroenteritis. genomic sequencing of this organism has revealed that it has two sets of type iii secretion systems, t3ss1 and t3ss2, both of which are important for its pathogenicity. however, the mechanism of protein secretion via t3sss is unknown. a characteristic of many effectors is that they require specific chaperones for efficient delivery via t3sss; however, no chaperone has been experimentally identified in the t3sss of v. parahaemolyticus. in this ...200919459967
rapid detection of intestinal pathogens in fecal samples by an improved reverse dot blot method.to develop a new, rapid and accurate reverse dot blot (rdb) method for the detection of intestinal pathogens in fecal samples.200919469006
expression and characterization of the periplasmic cobalamin-binding protein of photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida.abstract cobalamin (vitamin b(12)) is an essential cofactor in a variety of enzymatic reactions and most prokaryotes contain transport systems to import vitamin b(12). a gene coding for a periplasmic cobalamin-binding protein of photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida was identified by in silico analysis of sequences from a genomic library. the open reading frame was composed of 834 bp encoding a protein of 277 amino acids. the protein showed 61% identity with the vitamin b(12)-binding protein ...200919490395
fido, a novel ampylation domain common to fic, doc, and avrb.the vibrio parahaemolyticus type iii secreted effector vops contains a fic domain that covalently modifies rho gtpase threonine with amp to inhibit downstream signaling events in host cells. the vops fic domain includes a conserved sequence motif (hpfx[d/e]gn[g/k]r) that contributes to ampylation. fic domains are found in a variety of species, including bacteria, a few archaea, and metazoan eukaryotes.200919503829
predictive model of vibrio parahaemolyticus growth and survival on salmon meat as a function of temperature.the growth and survival curves of a strain of pandemic vibrio parahaemolyticus tgqx01 (serotype o3:k6) on salmon meat at different storage temperatures (range from 0 degrees c to 35 degrees c) were determined. in order to model the growth or inactivation kinetics of this pathogen during storage, the modified gompertz and weibull equations were chosen to regress growth and survival curves, respectively, and both equations produced good fit to the observed data (the average r2 value equals to 0.99 ...200919527836
[application study on multicolor combinational probe coding real-time pcr in detection of foodborne pathogens].to investigate the detection limit of multicolor combinational probe coding real-time pcr (mcpc-pcr) in detection of salmonella and staphylococcus aureus suspended in the food samples, and to apply mcpc-pcr to detect the samples of food poisoning.200919534927
[pathogenicity island region of clinical and environmental strains of vibrio parahaemolyticus, isolated in chile].most clinical isolates of vibrio parahaemolyticus produce a major virulence factor known as the thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh). tdh is encoded by the tdh gene which is located in a genomic pathogenicity island (pai). most environmental isolates are described as tdh negative.200919543642
benthic ecology of vibrio spp. and pathogenic vibrio species in a coastal mediterranean environment (la spezia gulf, italy).we carried out a 16-month in situ study to investigate the ecology of vibrio spp. and pathogenic vibrio species in coastal sediments of the mediterranean sea, employing multiple-regression analysis to reveal the major environmental factors controlling their occurrence in the benthic environment. in addition, association between vibrios and sediment-inhabiting meiofauna, which is a major component of benthic ecosystems, was investigated. culturable and total vibrio spp. estimates by most-probable ...200919543938
heterodisaccharide 4-o-(n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminyl)-d-glucosamine is a specific inducer of chitinolytic enzyme production in vibrios harboring chitin oligosaccharide deacetylase genes.vibrio parahaemolyticus kn1699 produces 4-o-(n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminyl)-d-glucosamine (glcnac-glcn) as a major end product from chitin using two extracellular hydrolases: glycoside hydrolase family 18 chitinase, which produces (glcnac)(2) from chitin, and carbohydrate esterase (ce) family 4 chitin oligosaccharide deacetylase (cod), which hydrolyzes the n-acetyl group at the reducing-end glcnac residue of (glcnac)(2). in this study, we clarified that this heterodisaccharide functions as an ind ...200919553519
comparative evolutionary analysis of the major structural subunit of vibrio vulnificus type iv pili.type iv pili contribute to virulence in vibrio vulnificus, the bacterium responsible for the majority of fatal seafood-related infections. here, we performed within- and between-species evolutionary analysis of the gene that encodes the major structural subunit of the pilus, pila, by comparing it with pild and gyrb, the genes encoding the type iv prepilin peptidase and beta subunit of dna gyrase, respectively. although the diversity in pild and gyrb is similar to each other and likely to have ac ...200919556347
a novel fas ligand in mollusk abalone: molecular characterization, immune responses and biological activity of the recombinant protein.fas ligand is a member of the tnf superfamily that plays an important role by inducing apoptosis and homeostasis of immune responses. the gene encoding fas ligand was isolated from a disk abalone (haliotis discus discus) cdna library, denoted as the abfas ligand. it contains an 1832bp transcript with a 945bp open reading frame, encoding 315 amino acids. the abfas ligand showed characteristic transmembrane and tnf family signature domains. the deduced amino acid comparison showed that the abfas l ...200919576285
in vitro antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of leaves and flowers extracts from lippia alba.the research was conducted to investigate the in vitro antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of leaves and flowers extract extracted from lippia alba. disc diffusion technique was used for in vitro antibacterial and antifungal screening. zones of inhibition were observed in disc diffusion for antibacterial screening against 4 gram-positive pathogenic and 6 gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. among crude extracts chloroform extract showed good activity against all test organisms. a large zone of ...200919579925
the linear plasmid prophage vp58.5 of vibrio parahaemolyticus is closely related to the integrating phage vhml and constitutes a new incompatibility group of telomere phages.vibrio parahaemolyticus o3:k6 pandemic strains recovered in chile frequently possess a 42-kb plasmid which is the prophage of a myovirus. we studied the prototype phage vp58.5 and show that it does not integrate into the host cell chromosome but replicates as a linear plasmid (vp58.5) with covalently closed ends (telomeres). the vp58.5 replicon coexists with other plasmid prophages (n15, py54, and phiko2) in the same cell and thus belongs to a new incompatibility group of telomere phages. we det ...200919587034
selective sterilization of vibro parahaemolyticus from a bacterial mixture by low-amperage electric current.the objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of using low-amperage electrical treatment (laet) as a selective bacteriocide. mixtures containing escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, and vibrio parahaemolyticus were treated with different electric current intensities and for different times. the results showed that at 263 ma, treating bacteria for 100 ms eliminated all v. parahaemolyticus colonies. although laet reduced the populations of the three microorganisms, v. parahaem ...200919597309
simultaneous identification of seven foodborne pathogens and escherichia coli (pathogenic and nonpathogenic) using capillary electrophoresis-based single-strand conformation polymorphism coupled with multiplex pcr.the objective of this study was to develop a novel technique for parallel analysis of eight important foodborne microbes using capillary electrophoresis-based single-strand conformation polymorphism (ce-sscp) coupled with multiplex pcr. specific primers for multiplex pcr amplification of the 16s rrna gene were designed, corresponding to eight species of bacteria, including escherichia coli, clostridium perfringens, campylobacter jejuni, salmonella enterica, listeria monocytogenes, vibrio parahae ...200919610337
a comparative study on the influence of manganese on the bactericidal response of marine invertebrates.manganese, mn, is a naturally abundant metal in marine sediments. during hypoxic conditions the metal converts into a bioavailable state and can reach levels that have been shown immunotoxic to the crustacean nephrops norvegicus. for this species it has previously been shown that exposure to 15 mg l(-1) of mn decreased the number of circulating haemocytes while it for the echinoderm asterias rubens increased the number of coelomocytes. here, we compared if five days of exposure to the same conce ...200919615449
in vitro antibiotic susceptibility of vibrio parahaemolyticus from environmental sources in northern england. 200919625170
vibrio vopq induces pi3-kinase-independent autophagy and antagonizes phagocytosis.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a gram-negative bacterium responsible for gastroenteritis acquired from the consumption of contaminated shellfish. this bacterium harbours two type iii secretion systems, one on each chromosome. the type iii secretion system on chromosome i induces cell death by a temporally controlled sequence of events that is caspase-independent and first involves induction of autophagy, followed by cellular rounding, and finally cellular lysis. vopq is a type iii secreted effector ...200919627496
[functional analysis of type iii secretion system 2 of vibrio parahaemolyticus]. 200919628928
serodiversity, pandemic o3:k6 clone, molecular typing, and antibiotic susceptibility of foodborne and clinical vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates in jiangsu, china.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a major foodborne pathogen in china, japan, and other asian countries. in this study, we collected 437 strains of v. parahaemolyticus and investigated their serotypes, distribution of virulence genes, and presence of pandemic o3:k6 clone strains. a total of 327 strains were isolated from food and 110 strains were isolated from active surveillance hospitals or food outbreaks during 2005 to 2008. presence of the tdh and trh genes is the key characteristic of virulent str ...200919630509
[development of single base extension-tags microarray for the detection of food-borne pathogens].we developed single base extension-tags (sbe-tags) microarray to detect eight common food-borne pathogens, including staphylococcus aureus, vibrio parahaemolyticus, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella, enterobacter sakazaki, shigella, escherichia coli o157:h7 and campylobacter jejuni. with specific pcr primers identified and integrated for eight food-borne pathogens, target sequences were amplified and purified as template dna of single base extension-tags reaction. the products were hybridized t ...200919637631
[bacteriological load of the fishes cynoscion squamipinnis and lutjanus gutattus in the marketing chain, costa rica].bacteriological load of the fishes cynoscion squamipinnis and lutjanus gutattus in the marketing chain, costa rica. to determine the bacteriological quality of fishery products in the different stages from commercialization, monthly samples were taken during march 2004 and february 2006 from a costa rica marketing chain. microbiological analyses were made to determine total coliforms (ct), faecal coliforms (cf), escherichia coli (ec), aerobic total count (rta), salmonella sp., staphylococcus aur ...200919637687
the dimer formed by the periplasmic domain of epsl from the type 2 secretion system of vibrio parahaemolyticus.the type 2 secretion system (t2ss), occurring in many gram-negative bacteria, is responsible for the transport of a diversity of proteins from the periplasm across the outer membrane into the extracellular space. in vibrio cholerae, the t2ss secretes several unrelated proteins including the major virulence factor cholera toxin. the t2ss consists of three sub-assemblies, one of which is the inner membrane complex which contains multiple copies of five proteins, including the bitopic membrane prot ...200919646531
structure and electrostatic property of cytoplasmic domain of zntb transporter.zntb is the distant homolog of cora mg(2+) transporter within the metal ion transporter superfamily. it was early reported that the zntb from salmonella typhimurium facilitated efflux of zn(2+) and cd(2+), but not mg(2+). here, we report the 1.90 a crystal structure of the intracellular domain of zntb from vibrio parahemolyticus. the domain forms a funnel-shaped homopentamer that is similar to the full-length cora from thermatoga maritima, but differs from two previously reported dimeric structu ...200919653298
whole-genome microarray analyses of synechococcus-vibrio interactions.microbes live in diverse communities yet their physiologies are typically studied in axenic culture. to begin to address this dichotomy, whole-genome microarray analyses were used and revealed that several major metabolic pathways were affected in synechococcus sp. wh8102, a model phototroph, when grown with vibrio parahaemolyticus, a model heterotroph. in co-cultures with v. parahaemolyticus, although phosphate was not depleted, synechococcus sp. wh8102 may have experienced phosphate stress sin ...200919659554
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