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mastitis caused by yersinia pseudotuberculosis in israeli dairy cattle and public health implications.yersinia pseudotuberculosis was isolated from mastitis cases in nine dairy cows in israel. six cases occurred on one farm (three instances of two cows, 2 months apart) and three cases on one farm each. seven cows suffered from clinical and two from subclinical mastitis. all but two of the cows were culled. the literature describing cases of bovine mastitis caused by y. pseudotuberculosis is reviewed and the human public health implications are discussed.200718035973
molecular characterization of l-413c, a p2-related plague diagnostic bacteriophage.our analysis of the plague diagnostic phage l-413c genome sequence and structure reveals that l-413c is highly similar and collinear with enterobacteriophage p2, though important differences were found. of special interest was the mosaic nature of the tail fiber protein h in l-413c, given the differentiating specificity of this phage for yersinia pestis vs. yersinia pseudotuberculosis. while the n-terminal 207 and c-terminal 137 amino acids of l-413c display significant homology with the p2 h pr ...200818045639
simultaneous erythema nodosum and erythema multiforme after local lidocaine injection.to report a case of simultaneous erythema nodosum and erythema multiforme after local lidocaine injection.200818073329
gut flora, toll-like receptors and nuclear receptors: a tripartite communication that tunes innate immunity in large intestine.separating the large intestine from gut flora is a robust layer of epithelial cells. this barrier is armed with an array of recognizing receptors that collectively set the host innate response. here, we use nuclear receptors (nrs) and toll-like receptors (tlrs), suggested to act as second messengers in the communication between microorganisms and epithelial cells, as probes to assess the impact of gut flora on innate immunity in germ-free (gf) mice. using quantitative real-time polymerase chain ...200818088401
alteration of pasteurella pestis bacteriophage following successive transfer on pasteurella pseudotuberculosis and on shigellae. 194818102208
[pasteurella pseudotuberculosis sepsis]. 194918139494
[molecular genetic monitoring of yersinia pseudotuberculosis using pcr o-genotyping].irkutsk pcr o-genotyping of 117 yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotype o:1-o:4 strains isolated in siberia and far east was performed. these methods allowed both o-genotype and its variants (a, b, c) to be detected. it was demonstrated that three y. pseudotuberculosis o-genotypes were circulated in siberia (o:1a, o:1b and 0:3) and six genotypes (o:1a, o:1b, o:1c, o:2a, o:3 and o:4b) were circulated at far east. genotype o:1b dominates at both regions (87.8%). pcr-algorithm for identification of y. ...200718154076
yersinia pseudotuberculosis causing a large outbreak associated with carrots in finland, 2006.a large outbreak of yersinia pseudotuberculosis o:1 infection affected over 400 children from 23 schools and 5 day-care centres in two municipalities in southern finland in august-september, 2006. a retrospective cohort study conducted in a large school centre showed that the outbreak was strongly associated with the consumption of grated carrots served at a school lunch. the risk of illness increased with the amount of carrots eaten. poor quality carrots grown the previous year had been deliver ...200918177523
yersinia controls type iii effector delivery into host cells by modulating rho activity.yersinia pseudotuberculosis binds to beta1 integrin receptors, and uses the type iii secretion proteins yopb and yopd to introduce pores and to translocate yop effectors directly into host cells. y. pseudotuberculosis lacking effectors that inhibit rho gtpases, yope and yopt, have high pore forming activity. here, we present evidence that y. pseudotuberculosis selectively modulates rho activity to induce cellular changes that control pore formation and effector translocation. inhibition of actin ...200818193942
plague: past, present, and future. 200818198939
braun lipoprotein (lpp) contributes to virulence of yersiniae: potential role of lpp in inducing bubonic and pneumonic plague.yersinia pestis evolved from y. pseudotuberculosis to become the causative agent of bubonic and pneumonic plague. we identified a homolog of the salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lipoprotein (lpp) gene in yersinia species and prepared lpp gene deletion mutants of y. pseudotuberculosis ypiii, y. pestis kim/d27 (pigmentation locus minus), and y. pestis co92 with reduced virulence. mice injected via the intraperitoneal route with 5 x 10(7) cfu of the deltalpp kim/d27 mutant survived a month, ...200818227160
virulence characteristics of yersinia pseudotuberculosis isolated from breeding monkeys in japan.between april 2001 and 2007, 18 yersinia pseudotuberculosis outbreaks occurred in breeding monkeys at 12 zoological gardens in japan, and 28 monkeys of 8 species died. a total of 18 y. pseudotuberculosis strains from the dead monkeys, comprising one strain per outbreak, were examined for serotype and the presence of the virulence genes virf, inv, ypm (ypma, ypmb and ypmc) and irp2. of the 18 y. pseudotuberculosis strains, 7 (38.9%) were serotype 4b, 7 (38.9%) were serotype 1b, and there was one ...200818242014
[kawasaki disease and infection].kawasaki disease (kd) is an acute multisystemic vasculitis. although some infectious agents are highly suspected the etiology of kd remains unknown. various bacteria such as, streptococcus pyogenes, staphylococcus aureus, and yersinia pseudotuberculosis have been implicated in etiology of kd. however, modern molecular techniques failed to identify the positive relation between these agents and etiology of kd. recently, one hypothesis suggests that superantigens (tss-1, seb, sec, speb, spec), whi ...200818260325
the biosynthesis and biological role of 6-deoxyheptose in the lipopolysaccharide o-antigen of yersinia pseudotuberculosis.yersinia pseudotuberculosis o:2a harbours 6-deoxy-d-manno-heptose in its o-antigen. the biological function of 6-deoxyheptose and its role in virulence is unknown and its biosynthetic pathway has not been demonstrated experimentally. here, we show that dmha and dmhb are necessary for 6-deoxyheptose biosynthesis in y. pseudotuberculosis. their disruption resulted in the lack of 6-deoxyheptose in the o-unit and its replacement by d-glycero-d-manno-heptose, thus indicating relaxed specificity of th ...200818284593
a quadruplex real-time pcr assay for the detection of yersinia pestis and its plasmids.yersinia pestis, the aetiological agent of the plague, causes sporadic disease in endemic areas of the world and is classified as a national institute of allergy and infectious diseases category a priority pathogen because of its potential to be used as a bioweapon. health departments, hospitals and government agencies need the ability to rapidly identify and characterize cultured isolates of this bacterium. assays have been developed to perform this function; however, they are limited in their ...200818287295
influence of cultivation conditions on spatial structure and functional activity of ompf-like porin from outer membrane of yersinia pseudotuberculosis.the influence of cultivation conditions of pseudotuberculosis bacteria on the spatial structure and the functional activity of nonspecific ompf-like porin was studied by means of optical spectroscopy, scanning microcalorimetry, and bilayer lipid membrane technique. with this goal, porin samples isolated from microbial masses grown at different temperatures, nutrient medium densities, and growth phases were characterized. according to cd data, the porin samples under investigation represent beta- ...200818298369
defective innate cell response and lymph node infiltration specify yersinia pestis infection.since its recent emergence from the enteropathogen yersinia pseudotuberculosis, y. pestis, the plague agent, has acquired an intradermal (id) route of entry and an extreme virulence. to identify pathophysiological events associated with the y. pestis high degree of pathogenicity, we compared disease progression and evolution in mice after id inoculation of the two yersinia species. mortality studies showed that the id portal was not in itself sufficient to provide y. pseudotuberculosis with the ...200818301765
hepatic granulomas: histological and molecular pathological approach to differential diagnosis--a study of 442 cases.the incidence of hepatic granulomas is reported in 2-15% of liver biopsies. this study was carried out to evaluate the incidence and aetiology of hepatic granulomas in a german institute of pathology with specialization in liver diseases.200818312287
rnase e regulates the yersinia type 3 secretion system.yersinia spp. use a type 3 secretion system (t3ss) to directly inject six proteins into macrophages, and any impairment of this process results in a profound reduction in virulence. we previously showed that the exoribonuclease polynucleotide phosphorylase (pnpase) was required for optimal t3ss functioning in yersinia pseudotuberculosis and yersinia pestis. here we report that y. pseudotuberculosis cells with reduced rnase e activity are likewise impaired in t3ss functioning and that phenotypica ...200818359811
bacteriophage infection is targeted to cellular poles.the poles of bacteria exhibit several specialized functions related to the mobilization of dna and certain proteins. to monitor the infection of escherichia coli cells by light microscopy, we developed procedures for the tagging of mature bacteriophages with quantum dots. surprisingly, most of the infecting phages were found attached to the bacterial poles. this was true for a number of temperate and virulent phages of e. coli that use widely different receptors and for phages infecting yersinia ...200818363799
[biological and physico-chemical properties of yersinia pseudotuberculosis bacterial culture having the fra-operon yersinia pestis].the biological and physico-chemical properties of cultures of two isogenous recombinant variants of yersinia pseudotuberculosis were studied. the cell genomes of the cultures are distinguished from one another only by the presence or by the absence of the fra-operon, which is a determined attribute of the plague microbe capsule-forming process. the expression of the attribute is amplified by rising the microbial biomass cultivation temperature and stimulates the decrease in the viability of the ...200818368776
[clinicomorphologic observation of yersinia infection].the paper describes a unique case of lingering (8-month) generalized yersinia infection (pseudotuberculosis) caused by yersinia pseudotuberculosis serovar 3. the postmortem diagnosis could be established using immunomorphological techniques. based on the described case and the data available in the literature, the authors discuss the similarity of pathomorphological changes and the possible etiological community of crohn's disease.200818368812
the importance of the rcs phosphorelay in the survival and pathogenesis of the enteropathogenic yersiniae.the human-pathogenic yersiniae represent an ideal species group to study the evolution of highly virulent bacteria, with yersinia pestis having emerged from the enteropathogen y. pseudotuberculosis an estimated 20 000 years ago. sequence data reveal that the y. pestis genome is in the early stages of decay and contains hundreds of non-functioning pseudogenes, some of which may be important in the enteric lifestyle of y. pseudotuberculosis. bioinformatic analysis of pseudogenes from seven y. pest ...200818375804
distribution of virf/lcrf-positive yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotype o:3 at farm level.the distribution and persistence of pathogenic, virf/lcrf-positive yersinia pseudotuberculosis were investigated in pigs and in the pig house environment during rearing to determine possible contamination routes of early infections. based on y. pseudotuberculosis-positive tonsils of slaughter pigs in our previous study, y. pseudotuberculosis-positive animals were traced back to the farms. eight farms were visited from 6-10 months later, and a total of 155 pooled and six individual faecal samples ...200818387143
yersinia similis sp. nov.strains originally identified phenotypically as members of the species yersinia pseudotuberculosis were subjected to a more detailed classification employing 16s rrna gene sequence analysis, dna-dna hybridization, determination of the dna base composition and phenotypic characterization. the quinone system, consisting of the predominant compound ubiquinone q-8 and minor amounts of menaquinone mk-8, the major components of the polar lipid profile, as well as the polyamine pattern, with putrescine ...200818398201
[yersinia psuedotuberculosis septicemia in a healthy young woman].we report a case of yersinia pseudotuberculosis (y. pseudotuberculosis) septicemia in a healthy 22-year-old woman with clinical manifestations including high fever and general fatigue. the patient's ferer sudden elevation of her fever, and, liver damage and elevated inflammatory markers were indicated. general fatigue and appetite loss were noted on hospitalization. exanthema was recognized, and all oral medications, including antibiotics, was stopped. the fever continued and high inflammatory p ...200818411766
retraction: wang, yao et al. the flhdc gene affects motility and biofilm formation in yersinia pseudotuberculosis. sci china ser c-life sci, 2007, 50(6): 814-821. 200818418946
a csr-type regulatory system, including small non-coding rnas, regulates the global virulence regulator rova of yersinia pseudotuberculosis through rovm.the marr-type regulator rova controls expression of virulence genes of yersinia pseudotuberculosis in response to environmental signals. using a genetic strategy to discover components that influence rova expression, we identified new regulatory factors with homology to components of the carbon storage regulator system (csr). we showed that overexpression of a csrb- or a csrc-type rna activates rova, whereas a csra-like protein represses rova synthesis. we further demonstrate that influence of t ...200818430141
structural studies of the o-antigens of yersinia pseudotuberculosis o:2a and mutants thereof with impaired 6-deoxy-d-manno-heptose biosynthesis pathway.the full structure of the long- and short-chain o-antigen of yersinia pseudotuberculosis o:2a containing two uncommon deoxy sugars, abequose and 6-deoxy-d-manno-heptose (6dmanhep), was established, for the first time, by sugar analysis, nmr spectroscopy, and high-resolution esims. similar structural studies were also performed on two o:2a mutants with single disruption of 6dmanhep synthesis pathway genes each, which synthesize modified long-chain (dmha mutant) and short-chain (both dmha and dmhb ...200818440499
a missense mutation causes aspartase deficiency in yersinia pestis.it is established that cells of yersinia pestis, the causative agent of bubonic plague, excrete l-aspartic acid at the expense of exogenous l-glutamic acid during expression of the low-calcium response. results of enzymic analysis provided here suggest that a previously defined deficiency of aspartase (aspa) accounts for this phenomenon rather than an elevated oxaloacetate pool. the only known distinction between most sequenced isolates of aspa from y. pestis and the active gene in yersinia pseu ...200818451035
yersinia pestis biofilm in the flea vector and its role in the transmission of plague.transmission by fleabite is a relatively recent evolutionary adaptation of yersinia pestis, the bacterial agent of bubonic plague. to produce a transmissible infection, y. pestis grows as an attached biofilm in the foregut of the flea vector. biofilm formation both in the flea foregut and in vitro is dependent on an extracellular matrix (ecm) synthesized by the yersinia hms gene products. the hms genes are similar to the pga and ica genes of escherichia coli and staphylococcus epidermidis, respe ...200818453279
comparative study of electrokinetic potentials and binding affinity of lipopolysaccharides-chitosan complexes.electrokinetic properties of complexes of chitosan (ch) with lipopolysaccharides (lpss) from escherichia coli o55:b5, yersinia pseudotuberculosis 1b 598, and proteus vulgaris o25 (48/57) and their size distribution were investigated using zeta-potential distribution assay and quasi-elastic light scattering. the interaction of lps from different microorganisms with chitosan at the same w/w ratio of components (1:1) resulted in the formation of complexes in which the negative charge of lps was neu ...200818455288
fatal yersiniosis in farmed deer caused by yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotype o:3 encoding a mannosyltransferase-like protein wbyk.sudden death of 9 deer occurred in a large enclosed deer farm with approximately 400 heads of cervids. fatal yersiniosis was diagnosed in 2 deer that were submitted for laboratory diagnosis. histopathologically, the disease was characterized by multifocal pulmonary hemorrhage and mild interstitial pneumonia, marked diffuse cholangiohepatitis, minimal myocarditis with mild myocardial degeneration, and mild multifocal suppurative cystic colitis. yersinia pseudotuberculosis was isolated from the lu ...200818460627
functional interplay between the yersinia pseudotuberculosis ypsri and ytbri quorum sensing systems modulates swimming motility by controlling expression of flhdc and flia.quorum sensing (qs) in yersinia pseudotuberculosis involves two pairs of luxri orthologues (ypsri and ytbri) and multiple n-acylhomoserine lactones (ahls). in a ypsi/ytbi mutant, ahl synthesis was abolished, unaffected in a ypsr/ytbr double mutant and substantially reduced in a ypsi/ytbr mutant, indicating that neither ypsr nor ytbr is essential for ahl synthesis. to determine the interrelationship between ypsri and ytbri we constructed chromosomal lux-promoter fusions to ypsr, ypsi, ytbr and yt ...200818466299
modification of the submerged coil to prevent microbial carryover error in thermal death studies.a submerged coil unit generates death rate data for foodborne pathogens through precise computer-controlled sequential sampling rather than the usual manually timed, labor-intensive single sampling associated with other approaches. our work with yersinia pseudotuberculosis and listeria monocytogenes scott a using the submerged coil unit indicated non-log-linear death rates with large degrees of tailing. varying degrees of cell adhesion to the surface of the exit port resulted in carryover that w ...200818468032
different region analysis for genotyping yersinia pestis isolates from china.dfr (different region) analysis has been developed for typing yesinia pestis in our previous study, and in this study, we extended this method by using 23 dfrs to investigate 909 chinese y. pestis strains for validating dfr-based genotyping method and better understanding adaptive microevolution of y. pestis.200818478120
reduced secretion of yopj by yersinia limits in vivo cell death but enhances bacterial virulence.numerous microbial pathogens modulate or interfere with cell death pathways in cultured cells. however, the precise role of host cell death during in vivo infection remains poorly understood. macrophages infected by pathogenic species of yersinia typically undergo an apoptotic cell death. this is due to the activity of a type iii secreted effector protein, designated yopj in y. pseudotuberculosis and y. pestis, and yopp in the closely related y. enterocolitica. it has recently been reported that ...200818483548
the effect of parenteral iron dextran, with or without desferrioxamine, on the development of experimental pseudotuberculosis in the domestic chicken.the development of disease following oral challenge with yersinia pseudotuberculosis (serotype ii) was compared in four groups of five chickens treated with a combination of 10 mg parenteral iron-dextran, 10 mg of the chelating agent desferrioxamine or 10 mg of dextran, 2 days before infection. the chickens pretreated with iron-dextran, with or without desferrioxamine, developed diarrhoea and were lethargic 2 days following bacterial challenge. chickens not given iron-dextran showed no clinical ...199818484018
contribution of trimeric autotransporter c-terminal domains of oligomeric coiled-coil adhesin (oca) family members yada, uspa1, eiba, and hia to translocation of the yada passenger domain and virulence of yersinia enterocolitica.the oca family is a novel class of autotransporter-adhesins with highest structural similarity in their c-terminal transmembrane region, which supposedly builds a beta-barrel pore in the outer membrane (om). the prototype of the oca family is yada, an adhesin of yersinia enterocolitica and yersinia pseudotuberculosis. yada forms a homotrimeric lollipop-like structure on the bacterial surface. the c-terminal regions of three yada monomers form a barrel in the om and translocate the trimeric n-ter ...200818487327
[a study of the nucleotide sequence variability of rha locus genes of yersinia pestis main and non-main subspecies].a study of the structural and regulatory genes, determining rhamnose fermentation, that are located in the rha locus of the chromosome of yersinia pestis main and non-main subspecies and of yersinia pseudotuberculosis of serogroups i-iii was performed. the nucleotide sequence of y. pestis main subspecies differs substantially from those of non-main subspecies and y. pseudotuberculosis by the presence of a nucleotide substitution in 671 bp location of rhas gene resulting presumably in the y. pest ...200818488445
structure and mutagenic conversion of e1 dehydrase: at the crossroads of dehydration, amino transfer, and epimerization.pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (plp) and pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate (pmp) are highly versatile coenzymes whose importance is well recognized. the capability of plp/pmp-dependent enzymes to catalyze a diverse array of chemical reactions is attributed to fine-tuning of the cofactor-substrate interactions in the active site. cdp-6-deoxy-l-threo-d-glycero-4-hexulose 3-dehydrase (e1), along with its reductase (e3), catalyzes the c-3 deoxygenation of cdp-4-keto-6-deoxy-d-glucose to form the dehydrated product, ...200818491919
oral vaccination against bubonic plague using a live avirulent yersinia pseudotuberculosis strain.we evaluated the possibility of using yersinia pseudotuberculosis as a live vaccine against plague because it shares high genetic identity with y. pestis while being much less virulent, genetically much more stable, and deliverable orally. a total of 41 y. pseudotuberculosis strains were screened by pcr for the absence of the high pathogenicity island, the superantigens ypm, and the type iv pilus and the presence of the pyv virulence plasmid. one strain (ip32680) fulfilled these criteria. this s ...200818505804
the hmshfrs operon of xenorhabdus nematophila is required for biofilm attachment to caenorhabditis elegans.the bacterium xenorhabdus nematophila is an insect pathogen and an obligate symbiont of the nematode steinernema carpocapsae. x. nematophila makes a biofilm that adheres to the head of the model nematode caenorhabditis elegans, a capability x. nematophila shares with the biofilms made by yersinia pestis and yersinia pseudotuberculosis. as in yersinia spp., the x. nematophila biofilm requires a 4-gene operon, hmshfrs. also like its yersinia counterparts, the x. nematophila biofilm is bound by the ...200818515487
[isolation and characterization of recombinant ompf-like porin from the yersinia pseudotuberculosis outer membrane].the encoding sequence of the pore-forming ompf-like protein from the yersinia pseudotuberculosis outer membrane was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli cells. conditions were selected for isolation and refolding of recombinant monomer and porin trimer. their spatial structures were characterized by the intrinsic protein fluorescence and cd spectroscopy. it was shown that the recombinant porins are similar in the composition of secondary structure elements to the isolated porins, but have a ...200818522273
experimental evidence for negative selection in the evolution of a yersinia pestis pseudogene.yersinia pestis, the agent of bubonic plague, evolved from the enteric pathogen yersinia pseudotuberculosis within the past 20,000 years. because ancestor and descendant both exist, it is possible to infer steps in molecular evolution by direct experimental approaches. the y. pestis life cycle includes establishment of a biofilm within its vector, the flea. although y. pseudotuberculosis makes biofilms in other environments, it fails to do so in the insect. we show that rcsa, a negative regulato ...200818523005
caspase-1 activation in macrophages infected with yersinia pestis kim requires the type iii secretion system effector yopj.pathogenic yersinia species utilize a type iii secretion system (t3ss) to translocate effectors called yersinia outer proteins (yops) into infected host cells. previous studies demonstrated a role for effector yops in the inhibition of caspase-1-mediated cell death and secretion of interleukin-1beta (il-1beta) in naïve macrophages infected with yersinia enterocolitica. naïve murine macrophages were infected with a panel of different yersinia pestis and yersinia pseudotuberculosis strains to dete ...200818559430
type iii secretion decreases bacterial and host survival following phagocytosis of yersinia pseudotuberculosis by macrophages.yersinia pseudotuberculosis uses a plasmid (pyv)-encoded type iii secretion system (t3ss) to translocate a set of effectors called yops into infected host cells. yopj functions to induce apoptosis, and yopt, yope, and yoph act to antagonize phagocytosis in macrophages. because yops do not completely block phagocytosis and y. pseudotuberculosis can replicate in macrophages, it is important to determine if the t3ss modulates host responses to intracellular bacteria. isogenic pyv-cured, pyv(+) wild ...200818591234
sudden onset of pseudotuberculosis in humans, france, 2004-05.cases of yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection increased in france during the winter of 2004-05 in the absence of epidemiologic links between patients or strains. this increase represents transient amplification of a pathogen endemic to the area and may be related to increased prevalence of the pathogen in rodent reservoirs.200818598636
[humoral response to selected antigens of yersinia enterocolitica and yersinia pseudotuberculosis in the course of yersiniosis in humans. iv. specificity of antigens].the specificity of the lipopolisacharydes and released proteins (yop) of yersinia was tested using the sera of rabbits immunised with pathogenic and non-pathogenic strain of y. enterocolitica and y. pseudotuberculosis as well as selected sera of patients. the results of this study showed a cross-reactions between the different serotypes of y. enterocolitica with the strongest reactions between the pathogenic serotypes o:3 and o:9 and pathogenic serotype o:5,27 and non-pathogenic serotype o:5. se ...200818634341
reinvestigation of the o-antigens of yersinia pseudotuberculosis: revision of the o2c and confirmation of the o3 antigen structures.structures of the o-antigens of yersinia pseudotuberculosis o2c and o3 were reinvestigated by nmr spectroscopy, including 2d (1)h,(1)h cosy, tocsy, roesy, (1)h,(13)c hsqc, and hmbc experiments. the following revised structure of the o2c tetrasaccharide repeating unit was established, which differs from the structure proposed earlier in the glycosylation pattern of the mannose residue at the branching point: [carbohydrate structure: see text] where abe stands for 3,6-dideoxy-d-xylo-hexose. the st ...200818639241
transmission of yersinia pseudotuberculosis in the pork production chain from farm to slaughterhouse.the transmission of yersinia pseudotuberculosis in the pork production chain was followed from farm to slaughterhouse by studying the same 364 pigs from different production systems at farm and slaughterhouse levels. in all, 1,785 samples were collected, and the isolated y. pseudotuberculosis strains were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. the results of microbial sampling were combined with data from an on-farm observation and questionnaire study to elucidate the associations between ...200818641149
effect of antimicrobial treatment on the course of an experimental yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection in canaries.the efficacy of five antimicrobials administered via the drinking water was compared for the treatment of experimental yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection in canaries. groups of eight to 10 canaries were treated with ampicillin (2 g/1), doxycycline (500 mg/1), enrofloxacin (150 mg/1), chloramphenicol (1 g/1) or sulphamerazine-trimethoprim (1 g/1-200 mg/1) for 10 days, commencing 2 days after experimental infection. no clinical signs were observed in the group treated with enrofloxacin and ther ...199518645785
nod2 mediates susceptibility to yersinia pseudotuberculosis in mice.nucleotide oligomerisation domain 2 (nod2) is a component of the innate immunity known to be involved in the homeostasis of peyer patches (pps) in mice. however, little is known about its role during gut infection in vivo. yersinia pseudotuberculosis is an enteropathogen causing gastroenteritis, adenolymphitis and septicaemia which is able to invade its host through pps. we investigated the role of nod2 during y. pseudotuberculosis infection. death was delayed in nod2 deleted and crohn's disease ...200818648508
characterization of chromosomal regions conserved in yersinia pseudotuberculosis and lost by yersinia pestis.the transformation of the enteropathogenic bacterium yersinia pseudotuberculosis into the plague bacillus, yersinia pestis, has been accompanied by extensive genetic loss. this study focused on chromosomal regions conserved in y. pseudotuberculosis and lost during its transformation into y. pestis. an extensive pcr screening of 78 strains of the two species identified five regions (r1 to r5) and four open reading frames (orfs; orf1 to orf4) that were conserved in y. pseudotuberculosis and absent ...200818678673
[development of a multiplex pcr for detection of the yersinia genus with identification of pathogenic species (y. pestis, y. pseudotuberculosis, y. enterocolitica)].to identify the yersinia genus and pathogenic species (y. pestis, y. pseudotuberculosis, y. enterocolitica) in a single reaction a multiplex pcr technique was developed. it was optimized by five compounds of pcr buffer and temperature of primers annealing. the multiplex pcr provides an improved and rapid method for detection of the yersinia genus and identification of pathogenic species.200818756819
taqman-based real-time pcr method for detection of yersinia pseudotuberculosis in food.a sensitive and specific assay for detection of food-borne pathogenic yersinia pseudotuberculosis was developed. the primer-probe set was designed to target a 157-bp sequence of the chromosomally located gene ail. the complete method, including an internal amplification control, was evaluated for several different food items.200818757572
bacterial conjugation in the cytoplasm of mouse cells.intracellular pathogenic organisms such as salmonellae and shigellae are able to evade the effects of many antibiotics because the drugs are not able to penetrate the plasma membrane. in addition, these bacteria may be able to transfer genes within cells while protected from the action of drugs. the primary mode by which virulence and antibiotic resistance genes are spread is bacterial conjugation. salmonellae have been shown to be competent for conjugation in the vacuoles of cultured mammalian ...200818765719
vaccination of mice with a yop translocon complex elicits antibodies that are protective against infection with f1- yersinia pestis.yersinia pestis, the bacterial agent of plague, secretes several proteins important for pathogenesis or host protection. the f1 protein forms a capsule on the bacterial cell surface and is a well-characterized protective antigen but is not essential for virulence. a type iii secretion system that is essential for virulence exports yop proteins, which function as antiphagocytic or anti-inflammatory factors. yop effectors (e.g., yope) are delivered across the host cell plasma membrane by a translo ...200818765742
cross-tolerization between nod1 and nod2 signaling results in reduced refractoriness to bacterial infection in nod2-deficient macrophages.nod2 is an intracellular innate immune receptor that plays a role in host defense and susceptibility to inflammatory disease. we show in this study that macrophages rendered refractory to tlr4 and nod2 signaling by exposure to lps and muramyl dipeptide (mdp) exhibit impaired tnf-alpha and il-6 production in response to pathogenic listeria monocytogenes and yersinia pseudotuberculosis as well as commensal bacteria including escherichia coli and bacteroides fragilis. surprisingly, nod2 deficiency ...200818768892
attenuation and preserved immunogenic potential of yersinia pseudotuberculosis mutant strains evidenced in oral pig model.experimental oral infection of pigs with a parental yersinia pseudotuberculosis strain pib102, serotype o:3 and two mutant isogenic strains - pib155,deltayopk and pib44,deltaypka has been carried out. clinical findings, microbiological and immunological parameters were examined in dynamics from day 7 to day 60 post-infection (p.i.). all types of infections ran asymptomatically, without hyperthermia, loss of appetite, etc. experiments on the blood parameters demonstrated a transient leucocytosis ...200918793276
[yersiniosis in poland in 2006].this is the first annual epidemiological report on yersiniosis in poland. in our country yersiniosis has been reported since 2003. the total number of 140 yersiniosis cases were reported in 2006 in poland. the incidence rate was 0.37 per 100,000 population. in this year 111 cases of enteric yersiniosis and 29 cases of extra intestinal yersiniosis were notified. the most frequent clinical manifestation of extraintestinal yersiniosis was joints inflammatory. no death and outbreak were reported. ab ...200818807470
yersinia pseudotuberculosis induces transcytosis of nanoparticles across human intestinal villus epithelium via invasin-dependent macropinocytosis.crohn's disease is characterized by a defect in intestinal barrier function, where bacteria are considered the most important inflammation-driving factor. enteric bacteria, including e. coli and yersinia spp, affect tight junctions in enterocytes, but little is known about bacterial effects on the transcellular pathway. our objective was to study the short-term effects of y. pseudotuberculosis on uptake of nanoparticles across human villus epithelium. monolayers of human colon epithelium-derived ...200818810251
the endotoxin of pasteurella pseudotuberculosis. 194818876851
loss of a biofilm-inhibiting glycosyl hydrolase during the emergence of yersinia pestis.yersinia pestis, the bacterial agent of plague, forms a biofilm in the foregut of its flea vector to produce a transmissible infection. the closely related yersinia pseudotuberculosis, from which y. pestis recently evolved, can colonize the flea midgut but does not form a biofilm in the foregut. y. pestis biofilm in the flea and in vitro is dependent on an extracellular matrix synthesized by products of the hms genes; identical genes are present in y. pseudotuberculosis. the yersinia hms protein ...200818931111
the polybasic region of rac1 modulates bacterial uptake independently of self-association and membrane targeting.the cooh-terminal polybasic region (pbr) of rac1, a rho family gtpase member, is required for rac1 self-association, membrane localization, nuclear translocation, and interaction with downstream effectors. we previously demonstrated that phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, one of the effectors that requires the polybasic region for interaction, is necessary for efficient invasin-promoted uptake of yersinia pseudotuberculosis by nonphagocytic cells. here we further examined the role of thi ...200818940795
structure of the o-antigen of yersinia pseudotuberculosis o:4b.the structure of the long-chain o-antigen of yersinia pseudotuberculosis o:4b containing two uncommon deoxy sugars, tyvelose (3,6-dideoxy-d-arabino-hexose, tyv) and 6-deoxy-d-manno-heptose (d-6dmanhep), was established by 1d and 2d nmr spectroscopy as alpha-tyvp-(1-->3)-beta-d-6dmanhepp 1-->4 -->3)-alpha-d-galp-(1-->3)-beta-d-glcpnac-(1-->.200918950749
the yersinia pseudotuberculosis and yersinia pestis toxin complex is active against cultured mammalian cells.the toxin complex (tc) genes were first identified in the insect pathogen photorhabdus luminescens and encode approximately 1 mda protein complexes which are toxic to insect pests. subsequent genome sequencing projects have revealed the presence of tc orthologues in a range of bacterial pathogens known to be associated with insects. interestingly, members of the mammalian-pathogenic yersiniae have also been shown to encode tc orthologues. studies in yersinia enterocolitica have shown that diverg ...200818957603
yersinia pseudotuberculosis causing abscesses in a 31-year-old patient in the post-immunosuppression period after allogeneic hsct. 200918978823
th1-type immune response to infection by pyv-cured phop-phoq null mutant of yersinia pseudotuberculosis is defective in mouse model.the phop-phoq two-component system of yersinia pseudotuberculosis, a gram-negative enteric pathogen which causes a variety of gastrointestinal and extraintestinal infections in humans, has been shown to be necessary for virulence. a phop-phoq null mutant of a strain of y. pseudotuberculosis cured of its native plasmid pyv was obtained and studied for generation of immune response in mouse model following intravenous inoculation. the phop-phoq null mutant elicited much weaker igg antibody respons ...200918985430
[small-bowel gangrene revealing a yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection]. 200918995977
the response regulator phop negatively regulates yersinia pseudotuberculosis and yersinia pestis biofilms.a few yersinia pseudotuberculosis strains form biofilms on the head of the nematode caenorhabditis elegans, but numerous others do not. we show that a widely used y. pseudotuberculosis strain, ypiii, is biofilm positive because of a mutation in phop, which encodes the response regulator of a two-component system. for two wild-type y. pseudotuberculosis that do not make biofilms on c. elegans, deletion of phop was sufficient to produce robust biofilms. in yersinia pestis, a phop mutant made more ...200919025559
protochlorophyllide: a new photosensitizer for the photodynamic inactivation of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.the growing resistance against antibiotics demands the search for alternative treatment strategies. photodynamic therapy is a promising candidate. the natural intermediate of chlorophyll biosynthesis, protochlorophyllide, was produced, purified and tested as a novel photosensitizer for the inactivation of five model organisms including staphylococcus aureus, listeria monocytogenes and yersinia pseudotuberculosis, all responsible for serious clinical infections. when microorganisms were exposed t ...200919025572
yersinia pseudotuberculosis o:1 traced to raw carrots, finland. 200819046537
growth of yersinia pseudotuberculosis in human plasma: impacts on virulence and metabolic gene expression.in man, infection by the gram-negative enteropathogen yersinia pseudotuberculosis is usually limited to the terminal ileum. however, in immunocompromised patients, the microorganism may disseminate from the digestive tract and thus cause a systemic infection with septicemia.200819055764
structure of the o-polysaccharide of yersinia pseudotuberculosis o:2b.the o-polysaccharide was isolated by hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide of yersinia pseudotuberculosis o:2b, and studied by 1d and 2d nmr spectroscopy. the following structure of the polysaccharide was established: alpha-abep. 1-->3. -->2) alpha-d-manp-(1-->3)-alpha-l-fucp-(1-->3)-beta-d-galpnac-(1-->. where abe stands for 3,6-dideoxy-d-xylo-hexose (abequose).200919084821
characterisation of non-pathogenic yersinia pseudotuberculosis-like strains isolated from food and environmental samples.non-pathogenic yersinia pseudotuberculosis-like strains were recovered from finnish food and environmental samples. these strains could not be differentiated from y. pseudotuberculosis strains using api 20e or other phenotypical tests. however, all of the strains were inv-, and virf-negative with polymerase chain reaction (pcr), while all y. pseudotuberculosis strains used as controls were inv-positive and fresh y. pseudotuberculosis strains were also virf-positive, indicating that the y. pseudo ...200919095324
structure of the o-antigen of yersinia pseudotuberculosis o:4a revised.the o-specific polysaccharide was isolated by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of yersinia pseudotuberculosis o:4a and studied by nmr spectroscopy, including 2d roesy and (1)h, (13)c hmbc experiments. the following structure of the pentasaccharide repeating unit of the polysaccharide was established, which differs from the structure reported earlier [gorshkova, r. p. et al., bioorg. khim. 1983, 9, 1401-1407] in the linkage modes between the monosaccharides: [carbohydrate sequence ...200919117553
attenuated enzootic (pestoides) isolates of yersinia pestis express active aspartase.it is established that yersinia pestis, the causative agent of bubonic plague, recently evolved from enteropathogenic yersinia pseudotuberculosis by undergoing chromosomal degeneration while acquiring two unique plasmids that facilitate tissue invasion (ppcp) and dissemination by fleabite (pmt). thereafter, plague bacilli spread from central asia to sylvatic foci throughout the world. these epidemic isolates exhibit a broad host range including man as opposed to enzootic (pestoides) variants tha ...200919118360
protection against yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection conferred by a lactococcus lactis mucosal delivery vector secreting lcrv.herein, we sought to evaluate the potential of a recombinant lactococcus lactis strain secreting the yersinia pseudotuberculosis low-calcium response v (lcrv) antigen for mucosal vaccination against yersinia infections. we showed that the recombinant strain induced specific systemic and mucosal antibody and cellular immune responses after intranasal immunization and protected mice against both oral and systemic y. pseudotuberculosis infections. this constitutes the first proof of principle for a ...200919135495
[immunostimulatory characteristics of a novel carrier on the basis of cucumarioside a2-2 and monogalactosyldiacylgycerol].a novel antigen carrier has been formulated on the basis of a cucumarioside-a2-2 triterpene glycoside (cd) complex with cholesterol and monogalactosyldiacylglycerol from ahnfeltia tobuchiensis (mgdg(at)) and ulva fenestrate (mgdg(uf)). morphological and immunostimulative characteristics of the carrier were studied. electron microscopy experiments demonstrated the formation of homogeneous tubular structures in a mixture of cd, cholesterol, and mgdg in molar ratio of 1:2:3. in animals immunized by ...200819145978
real-time multiplex pcr assay for detection of yersinia pestis and yersinia pseudotuberculosis.a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was developed for the detection of yersinia pestis and yersinia pseudotuberculosis. the assay includes four primer pairs, two of which are specific for y. pestis, one for y. pestis and y. pseudotuberculosis and one for bacteriophage lambda; the latter was used as an internal amplification control. the y. pestis-specific target genes in the assay were ypo2088, a gene coding for a putative methyltransferase, and the pla gene coding for th ...200919161535
[a comparative study of the role of the yada, inva, and psaa genes in the pathogenicity of yersinia pseudotuberculosis].the roles of yada, inva, and psaa genes introduced into the genetic background of the y. pseudotuberculosis strain possessing the large p vm82 plasmid in virulence and invasion capacity were studied. isogenic single mutants as well as double and multiple mutants of these genes were constructed and used. ld50 was used as a measure of virulence and the estimation of the ability to invade mammalian cells and the effect of infection on the weight changes of infected mice were used as additional indi ...200819172873
toll-like receptor 2 is critical for induction of reg3 beta expression and intestinal clearance of yersinia pseudotuberculosis.yersinia pseudotuberculosis causes ileitis and mesenteric lymphadenitis by mainly invading the peyer's patches that are positioned in the terminal ileum. whereas toll-like-receptor 2 (tlr2) controls mucosal inflammation by detecting certain microbiota-derived signals, its exact role in protecting peyer's patches against bacterial invasion has not been defined.200919174417
[modulating effect of serotonin on the development of human leukocytes apoptosis induced by yersinia].effect of biogenic amine serotonin on the development of human blood leukocytes during interaction with species from yersinia genus (y. pestis ev, y. pseudotuberculosis serovars i and iv, y. enterocolitica serovars 09 and 03) was studied in model system in vitro using flow cytofluorometry. serotonin in concentration 10(-5) m had differently marked effects on yersinia spp.-induced apoptosis of leukocytes. pattern of the observed changes depended from species and serovar of yersinia. serotonin inh ...200819186545
[biological properties of heat-labile lethal toxin of yersinia pseudotuberculosis].the aim of the study was to assess the biological properties of heat-labile lethal protein toxin of y. pseudotuberculosis. toxin was extracted from y. pseudotuberculosis strain 2517 type iii serovar pyv-. the toxin killed mice 1-3 days after intraperitoneal administration (ld50=0.3 mcg of the protein). heating at 56 degrees c during 30 min inactivated lethal activity of the toxin. it had a dose-dependent dermonecrotic effect during intracutaneous administration in rabbits. hyperimmune rabbit ser ...200819186548
[influence of thermolabile lethal toxin of yersinia pseudotuberculosis on development of sea urchin embryos and biosynthesis of dna and rna in embryonic cells].influence of thermolabile lethal toxin of y. pseudotuberculosis on the development of embryos of sea urchin (strongylocentrotus intermedius) and on biosynthesis of nucleic acids in embryonic cells was studied. thermolabile lethal toxin affected metabolic processes of cells by inhibiting dna and rna synthesis. it had damaging action on developing embryos of sea urchin causing morphological changes and, as a consequence, death of embryos.200819186549
[search for primers on the basis of yersinia pestis chromosomal dna for effective pcr identification of typical and atypical plague pathogen strains].the authors present the results of a comparative appraisal of a set of species-specific primers in the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) identification of typical and atypical plague pathogen strains. a hundred and seventy-three strains with a species specificity of y. pestis and 67 heterologous strains were used to appraise the well-known y. pestis chromosomal dna-based primers: "3a", "yp2769ms06", "vlml2for/isrev216", "vlm33/isfor1754", as well as "js" specific to y. pseudotuberculosis". in some ...200819198278
a conserved alpha-helix essential for a type vi secretion-like system of francisella tularensis.francisella tularensis harbors genes with similarity to genes encoding components of a type vi secretion system (t6ss) recently identified in several gram-negative bacteria. these genes include igla and iglb encoding igla and iglb, homologues of which are conserved in most t6sss. we used a yeast two-hybrid system to study the interaction of the igl proteins of f. tularensis lvs. we identified a region of igla, encompassing residues 33 to 132, necessary for efficient binding to iglb, as well as f ...200919201795
[antitumor activity of l-asparaginase from yersinia pseudotuberculosis].the cytotoxic activity of l-asparaginases from yersinia pseudotuberculosis and from erwinia carotovora were investigated in vitro using several tumor cells lines: jurkat and molt-4 (human t-lymphoblastic leukemia), mcf-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma), lncap (human prostate carcinoma), nguk1 (rat gasser node neurinoma). e. coli l-asparaginase produced by "medak" (germany) was used as a reference. the cell growth inhibition data indicate that y. pseudotuberculosis l-asparaginase significantly inhi ...200819205431
inactivation of yersinia pseudotuberculosis 197 and francisella tularensis lvs in beverages by high pressure processing.in 2003, the u.s. department of health and human services announced a new research program to develop technologies and strategies to prevent and minimize potential food safety and security threats. the threat of terrorist attacks against the nation's food supplies has created the need to study microorganisms not typically associated with foodborne illness. high-pressure processing has been proposed as a treatment to reduce yersinia pestis and francisella tularensis lvs levels in beverages. the o ...200919205479
species distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of gram-negative aerobic bacteria in hospitalized cancer patients.nosocomial infections pose significant threats to hospitalized patients, especially the immunocompromised ones, such as cancer patients.200919228413
susceptibility to yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection is linked to the pattern of macrophage activation.t helper 1 cells play a crucial role in the clearance of yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection. by producing cytokines and presenting antigens to t cells, activated macrophages can orientate the adaptive immune response. the pathway used by macrophages to metabolize arginine has been employed as an important parameter to discriminate their activation state. in this study, the pattern of macrophage activation in y. pseudotuberculosis-infected balb/c (yersinia-susceptible) and c57bl/6 (yersinia-re ...200919284495
molecular darwinian evolution of virulence in yersinia pestis. 200919289506
cycle inhibiting factors (cifs) are a growing family of functional cyclomodulins present in invertebrate and mammal bacterial pathogens.the cycle inhibiting factor (cif) produced by enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli was the first cyclomodulin to be identified that is injected into host cells via the type iii secretion machinery. cif provokes cytopathic effects characterized by g(1) and g(2) cell cycle arrests, accumulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (ckis) p21(waf1/cip1) and p27(kip1) and formation of actin stress fibres. the x-ray crystal structure of cif revealed it to be a divergent member ...200919308257
inactivation of yersinia pseudotuberculosis, as a surrogate for yersinia pestis, by liquid biocides in the presence of food residue.the efficacy of liquid biocides is influenced by surface cleanliness, treatment time, and temperature. experiments were completed to measure the impact of these variables on the ability of commercial biocides to inactivate yersinia pseudotuberculosis atcc 29910, as a surrogate for yersinia pestis, in the presence of food residues. the test organism was mixed with water, milk, flour, or egg yolk and then dried onto stainless steel coupons. coupons were then exposed to sodium hypochlorite, acidifi ...200919350985
yersinia pseudotuberculosis in a closed colony of egyptian fruit bats (rousettus aegyptiacus).an outbreak of yersinia pseudotuberculosis (yptb) occurred in a closed colony of egyptian fruit bats (rousettus aegyptiacus) and resulted in the death of seven bats over a 6-week period. an initial survey of the remaining bats revealed visceral abscessation characteristic of pseudotuberculosis in five of the 12 bats examined (41.7%), inciting depopulation of the colony. at necropsy, 70% of the 115 bats in the colony exhibited gross evidence suggestive of yptb infection, including mesenteric lymp ...200919368235
galleria mellonella as an alternative infection model for yersinia pseudotuberculosis.we report that larvae of the wax moth (galleria mellonella) are susceptible to infection with the human enteropathogen yersinia pseudotuberculosis at 37 degrees c. confocal microscopy demonstrated that in the initial stages of infection the bacteria were taken up into haemocytes. to evaluate the utility of this model for screening y. pseudotuberculosis mutants we constructed and tested a superoxide dismutase c (sodc) mutant. this mutant showed increased susceptibility to superoxide, a key mechan ...200919383703
functional characterization of flgm in the regulation of flagellar synthesis and motility in yersinia pseudotuberculosis.we describe here the functional characterization of the flgm gene in yersinia pseudotuberculosis. direct interaction of flgm with the alternative sigma factor sigma(28) (flia) was first confirmed. a conserved region in the c-terminus of flgm was found which included the sigma(28) binding domain. by site-directed mutagenesis, bacterial two-hybrid analysis and western blotting, the primary flgm binding sites with sigma(28) were shown to be ile85, ala86 and leu89. a role for flgm in swimming motili ...200919383707
an iron-regulated lysr-type element mediates antimicrobial peptide resistance and virulence in yersinia pseudotuberculosis.during the course of its infection of the mammalian digestive tract, the entero-invasive, gram-negative bacterium yersinia pseudotuberculosis must overcome various hostile living conditions (notably, iron starvation and the presence of antimicrobial compounds produced in situ). we have previously reported that in vitro bacterial growth during iron deprivation raises resistance to the antimicrobial peptide polymyxin b; here, we show that this phenotype is mediated by a chromosomal gene (yptb0333) ...200919389764
autoproteolysis of yscu of yersinia pseudotuberculosis is important for regulation of expression and secretion of yop proteins.yscu of yersinia can be autoproteolysed to generate a 10-kda c-terminal polypeptide designated yscu(cc). autoproteolysis occurs at the conserved n downward arrowpth motif of yscu. the specific in-cis-generated point mutants n263a and p264a were found to be defective in proteolysis. both mutants expressed and secreted yop proteins (yops) in calcium-containing medium (+ca(2+) conditions) and calcium-depleted medium (-ca(2+) conditions). the level of yop and lcrv secretion by the n263a mutant was a ...200919395493
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