Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| metabolic markers and microecological characteristics of tongue coating in patients with chronic gastritis. | in traditional chinese medicine (tcm), tongue diagnosis has been an important diagnostic method for the last 3000 years. tongue diagnosis is a non-invasive, simple and valuable diagnostic tool. tcm treats the tongue coating on a very sensitive scale that reflects physiological and pathological changes in the organs, especially the spleen and stomach. tongue coating can diagnose disease severity and determine the tcm syndrome ("zheng" in chinese). the biological bases of different tongue coating ... | 2013 | 24041039 |
| biological evaluation of benzothiazole ethyl urea inhibitors of bacterial type ii topoisomerases. | the type ii topoisomerases dna gyrase (gyra/gyrb) and topoisomerase iv (parc/pare) are well-validated targets for antibacterial drug discovery. because of their structural and functional homology, these enzymes are amenable to dual targeting by a single ligand. in this study, two novel benzothiazole ethyl urea-based small molecules, designated compound a and compound b, were evaluated for their biochemical, antibacterial, and pharmacokinetic properties. the two compounds inhibited the atpase act ... | 2013 | 24041906 |
| hypoxic hepatitis and acute liver failure in a patient with newly onset atrial fibrillation and diltiazem infusion. | hypoxic hepatitis (hh) most commonly results from haemodynamic instability and disruption of hepatic flow. the vast majority of cases are caused by cardiac failure, respiratory failure and septic shock. we report a case of hh, acute liver failure, acute kidney failure and progressive thrombocytopenia that developed following a hypotensive episode in a patient treated with intravenous diltiazem for a newly developed atrial fibrillation (a-fib). the pre-existing liver diseases, including chronic a ... | 2013 | 24042208 |
| midkine is expressed and differentially processed during chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations and ventilator-associated pneumonia associated with staphylococcus aureus infection. | staphylococcus aureus is sometimes isolated from the airways during acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) but more commonly recognized as a cause of ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap). antimicrobial proteins, among them midkine (mk), are an important part of innate immunity in the airways. in this study, the levels and possible processing of mk in relation to s. aureus infection of the airways were investigated, comparing copd and vap, thus comparing a state of d ... | 2013 | 24043271 |
| guidelines for diagnosis and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: joint ics/nccp (i) recommendations. | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is a major public health problem in india. although several international guidelines for diagnosis and management of copd are available, yet there are lot of gaps in recognition and management of copd in india due to vast differences in availability and affordability of healthcare facilities across the country. the indian chest society (ics) and the national college of chest physicians (nccp) of india have joined hands to come out with these evidence- ... | 2013 | 24049265 |
| binding properties of treponema denticola lipooligosaccharide. | the cell-surface lipooligosaccharide (los) of treponema denticola possesses several biological properties. the aim of this study was to investigate the binding properties of t. denticola los to extracellular matrix (ecm) proteins, mucosal cells, and oral bacteria. | 2013 | 24049558 |
| modulation of bacterial pathogenesis by oppressive aging factors: insights into host-pneumococcal interaction strategies. | streptococcus pneumonia, (spn, the pneumococcus), is the leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) and is responsible for 15-40% deaths in the elderly worldwide. a primed inflammatory status is a significant risk factor for the increased severity of infectious diseases among the elderly (≥65 years of age). studies have shown that expression of host receptors that the pneumococci bind to invade the tissues are increased thereby increasing the susceptibility to pneumococcal challenge in ... | 2012 | 24049644 |
| infectious etiology of acute exacerbations in severe copd patients. | since the new gold guidelines were implemented no data have been published about the etiology of acute exacerbations (aecopd) in severe copd patients with a different frequency of annual episodes. | 2013 | 24055804 |
| functional genes to assess nitrogen cycling and aromatic hydrocarbon degradation: primers and processing matter. | targeting sequencing to genes involved in key environmental processes, i.e., ecofunctional genes, provides an opportunity to sample nature's gene guilds to greater depth and help link community structure to process-level outcomes. vastly different approaches have been implemented for sequence processing and, ultimately, for taxonomic placement of these gene reads. the overall quality of next generation sequence analysis of functional genes is dependent on multiple steps and assumptions of unknow ... | 2013 | 24062736 |
| binding of complement inhibitor c4b-binding protein to a highly virulent streptococcus pyogenes m1 strain is mediated by protein h and enhances adhesion to and invasion of endothelial cells. | streptococcus pyogenes ap1, a strain of the highly virulent m1 serotype, uses exclusively protein h to bind the complement inhibitor c4b-binding protein (c4bp). we found a strong correlation between the ability of ap1 and its isogenic mutants lacking protein h to inhibit opsonization with complement c3b and binding of c4bp. c4bp bound to immobilized protein h or ap1 bacteria retained its cofactor activity for degradation of (125)i-c4b. furthermore, c4b deposited from serum onto ap1 bacterial sur ... | 2013 | 24064215 |
| time to intubation is associated with outcome in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. | it has been suggested that delayed intensive care unit (icu) transfer is associated with increased mortality for patients with community-acquired pneumonia (cap). however, icu admission policies and patient epidemiology vary widely across the world depending on local hospital practices and organizational constraints. we hypothesized that the time from the onset of cap symptoms to invasive mechanical ventilation could be a relevant prognostic factor. | 2013 | 24069367 |
| strategy for sensitive and specific detection of yersinia pestis in skeletons of the black death pandemic. | yersinia pestis has been identified as the causative agent of the black death pandemic in the 14(th) century. however, retrospective diagnostics in human skeletons after more than 600 years are critical. we describe a strategy following a modern diagnostic algorithm and working under strict ancient dna regime for the identification of medieval human plague victims. an initial screening and dna quantification assay detected the y. pestis specific pla gene of the high copy number plasmid ppcp1. re ... | 2013 | 24069445 |
| primary immunodeficiency diseases at reference and high-specialty hospitals in the state of guanajuato, mexico. | in general, primary immunodeficiency diseases (pids) are underdiagnosed in most countries. the objective of this study was to describe the frequency and clinical spectrum of pid in the most important tertiary hospitals in our region. | 2013 | 24073395 |
| β -lactamase-producing multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens from tracheal aspirates of intensive care unit patients at national institute of neurological and allied sciences, nepal. | the widespread use of tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation to support the critically ill patients increases the risk of development of tracheobronchitis and bronchopneumonia. this cross-sectional study was conducted with an aim to isolate and identify bacterial pathogens from tracheal aspirates producing extended-spectrum β -lactamase (esbl), ampc β -lactamase, and metallo- β -lactamase (mbl) from august 2011 to april 2012 at national institute of neurological and allied sciences (nina ... | 2013 | 24078895 |
| genetic similarity between adenoid tissue and middle ear fluid isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis from iranian children with otitis media with effusion. | otitis media with effusion (ome) is a common disease among children, in the pathogenesis of which bacterial infections play a critical role. it was suggested that adenoid tissue could serve as a reservoir for bacterial infection, the eustachian tubes being the migration routes of bacteria into the middle ear cavity. the aim of this study was to investigate the genetic similarity between isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis, obtained from adenoid ... | 2013 | 24080321 |
| a single dose of azithromycin does not improve clinical outcomes of children hospitalised with bronchiolitis: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. | bronchiolitis, one of the most common reasons for hospitalisation in young children, is particularly problematic in indigenous children. macrolides may be beneficial in settings where children have high rates of nasopharyngeal bacterial carriage and frequent prolonged illness. the aim of our double-blind placebo-controlled randomised trial was to determine if a large single dose of azithromycin (compared to placebo) reduced length of stay (los), duration of oxygen (o2) and respiratory readmissio ... | 2013 | 24086334 |
| comparison of the prevalence of common bacterial pathogens in the oropharynx and nasopharynx of gambian infants. | crm- based pneumococcal conjugate vaccines generally have little impact on the overall prevalence of pneumococcal carriage because of serotype replacement. in contrast, protein vaccines could substantially reduce the overall prevalence of pneumococcal carriage with potential microbiological and clinical consequences. therefore, trials of pneumococcal protein vaccines need to evaluate their impact on carriage of other potentially pathogenic bacteria in addition to the pneumococcus. | 2013 | 24086570 |
| increased risk of pneumonia and bronchiolitis after bacterial colonization of the airways as neonates. | the frequency of pneumonia and bronchiolitis exhibits considerable variation in otherwise healthy children, and suspected risk factors explain only a minor proportion of the variation. we hypothesized that alterations in the airway microbiome in early life may be associated with susceptibility to pneumonia and bronchiolitis in young children. | 2013 | 24090102 |
| investigational antimicrobial agents of 2013. | new antimicrobial agents are always needed to counteract the resistant pathogens that continue to be selected by current therapeutic regimens. this review provides a survey of known antimicrobial agents that were currently in clinical development in the fall of 2012 and spring of 2013. data were collected from published literature primarily from 2010 to 2012, meeting abstracts (2011 to 2012), government websites, and company websites when appropriate. compared to what was reported in previous su ... | 2013 | 24092856 |
| design, characterization, and aerosolization of organic solution advanced spray-dried moxifloxacin and ofloxacin dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (dppc) microparticulate/nanoparticulate powders for pulmonary inhalation aerosol delivery. | the aim of this study was to design and develop respirable antibiotics moxifloxacin (moxi) hydrochloride and ofloxacin (oflx) microparticles and nanoparticles, and multifunctional antibiotics particles with or without lung surfactant 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (dppc) for targeted dry powder inhalation delivery as a pulmonary nanomedicine. particles were rationally designed and produced by advanced spray-drying particle engineering from an organic solution in closed mode (no wate ... | 2013 | 24092972 |
| virus-induced exacerbations in asthma and copd. | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is characterized by chronic airway inflammation and/or airflow limitation due to pulmonary emphysema. chronic bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema, and bronchial asthma may all be associated with airflow limitation; therefore, exacerbation of asthma may be associated with the pathophysiology of copd. furthermore, recent studies have suggested that the exacerbation of asthma, namely virus-induced asthma, may be associated with a wide variety of respiratory ... | 2013 | 24098299 |
| fragment-to-hit-to-lead discovery of a novel pyridylurea scaffold of atp competitive dual targeting type ii topoisomerase inhibiting antibacterial agents. | the discovery and optimization of a new class of bacterial topoisomerase (dna gyrase and topoisomerase iv) inhibitors binding in the atp domain are described. a fragment molecule, 1-ethyl-3-(2-pyridyl)urea, provided sufficiently potent enzyme inhibition (32 μm) to prompt further analogue work. acids and acid isosteres were incorporated at the 5-pyridyl position of this fragment, bridging to a key asparagine residue, improving enzyme inhibition, and leading to measurable antibacterial activity. a ... | 2013 | 24098982 |
| dominance of haemophilus influenzae in ear discharge from indigenous australian children with acute otitis media with tympanic membrane perforation. | indigenous australian children living in remote communities experience high rates of acute otitis media with tympanic membrane perforation (aomwip). otitis media in this population is associated with dense nasopharyngeal colonization of three primary otopathogens; haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis. little is known about the relative abundance of these pathogens during infection. the objective of this study was to estimate the abundance and concordance of ... | 2013 | 24099576 |
| bacterial profile, antibiotic sensitivity and resistance of lower respiratory tract infections in upper egypt. | lower respiratory tract infections (lrti) account for a considerable proportion of morbidity and antibiotic use. we aimed to identify the causative bacteria, antibiotic sensitivity and resistance of hospitalized adult patients due to lrti in upper egypt. | 2013 | 24106606 |
| hemoglobin receptor protein from porphyromonas gingivalis induces interleukin-8 production in human gingival epithelial cells through stimulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase and nf-κb signal transduction pathways. | periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of polymicrobial origin affecting the tissues supporting the tooth. the oral anaerobic bacterium porphyromonas gingivalis, which is implicated as an important pathogen for chronic periodontitis, triggers a series of host inflammatory responses that promote the destruction of periodontal tissues. among the virulence factors of p. gingivalis, hemoglobin receptor protein (hbr) is a major protein found in culture supernatants. in this study, we investigated t ... | 2014 | 24126532 |
| prevalence and genotype distribution of pneumocystis jirovecii in cuban infants and toddlers with whooping cough. | this study describes the prevalence and genotype distribution of pneumocystis jirovecii obtained from nasopharyngeal (np) swabs from immunocompetent cuban infants and toddlers with whooping cough (wc). a total of 163 np swabs from 163 young cuban children with wc who were admitted to the respiratory care units at two pediatric centers were studied. the prevalence of the organism was determined by a quantitative pcr (qpcr) assay targeting the p. jirovecii mitochondrial large subunit (mtlsu) rrna ... | 2014 | 24131683 |
| proteinaceous determinants of surface colonization in bacteria: bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation from a protein secretion perspective. | bacterial colonization of biotic or abiotic surfaces results from two quite distinct physiological processes, namely bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. broadly speaking, a biofilm is defined as the sessile development of microbial cells. biofilm formation arises following bacterial adhesion but not all single bacterial cells adhering reversibly or irreversibly engage inexorably into a sessile mode of growth. among molecular determinants promoting bacterial colonization, surface proteins a ... | 2013 | 24133488 |
| characterization of a novel zinc transporter znua acquired by vibrio parahaemolyticus through horizontal gene transfer. | vibrio parahaemolyticus is a clinically important foodborne pathogen that causes acute gastroenteritis worldwide. it has been shown that horizontal gene transfer (hgt) contributes significantly to virulence development of v. parahaemolyticus. in this study, we identified a novel znua homolog (vpa1307) that belongs to a novel subfamily of znua, a bacterial zinc transporter. the vpa1307 gene is located upstream of the v. parahaemolyticus pathogenicity island (vp-pais) in both tdh-positive and trh- ... | 2013 | 24133656 |
| otitis media: diagnosis and treatment. | acute otitis media is diagnosed in patients with acute onset, presence of middle ear effusion, physical evidence of middle ear inflammation, and symptoms such as pain, irritability, or fever. acute otitis media is usually a complication of eustachian tube dysfunction that occurs during a viral upper respiratory tract infection. streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis are the most common organisms isolated from middle ear fluid. management of acute otitis media ... | 2013 | 24134083 |
| interrelationship of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and staphylococcus aureus colonization within and between pneumococcal-vaccine naïve mother-child dyads. | a high prevalence of bacterial nasopharyngeal co-infections has been reported in children, however, such data is limited in adults. we examined the interaction of haemophilus influenzae, staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pneumoniae pharyngeal colonization in mother-child dyads. | 2013 | 24134472 |
| risk of repeated moraxella catarrhalis colonization is increased in children with toll-like receptor 4 asp299gly polymorphism. | moraxella catarrhalis is a common causative agent of acute otitis media and other respiratory infections in children. toll-like receptor (tlr) 4 is an important protein of human innate immunity. one polymorphic site asp299gly of tlr4 is proven to result in an impaired response to lipopolysaccharide from gram-negative bacteria. we investigated whether finnish children who carry asp299gly had increased risk of m. catarrhalis colonization during their first 2 years of life. | 2013 | 24141797 |
| moraxella catarrhalis expresses a cardiolipin synthase that impacts adherence to human epithelial cells. | the major phospholipid constituents of moraxella catarrhalis membranes are phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and cardiolipin (cl). however, very little is known regarding the synthesis and function of these phospholipids in m. catarrhalis. in this study, we discovered that m. catarrhalis expresses a cardiolipin synthase (cls), termed mcls, that is responsible for the synthesis of cl within the bacterium. the nucleotide sequence of mcls is highly conserved among m. catarrhalis isola ... | 2014 | 24142255 |
| on the essentiality of lipopolysaccharide to gram-negative bacteria. | lipopolysaccharide is a highly acylated saccharolipid located on the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. lipopolysaccharide is critical to maintaining the barrier function preventing the passive diffusion of hydrophobic solutes such as antibiotics and detergents into the cell. lipopolysaccharide has been considered an essential component for outer membrane biogenesis and cell viability based on pioneering studies in the model gram-negative organisms escherichia coli an ... | 2013 | 24148302 |
| conjunctivitis: a systematic review of diagnosis and treatment. | conjunctivitis is a common problem. | 2013 | 24150468 |
| recognition of extracellular bacteria by nlrs and its role in the development of adaptive immunity. | innate immune recognition of bacteria is the first requirement for mounting an effective immune response able to control infection. over the previous decade, the general paradigm was that extracellular bacteria were only sensed by cell surface-expressed toll-like receptors (tlrs), whereas cytoplasmic sensors, including members of the nod-like receptor (nlr) family, were specific to pathogens capable of breaching the host cell membrane. it has become apparent, however, that intracellular innate i ... | 2013 | 24155747 |
| [antibacterial activity for clinical isolates from pediatric patients of clavulanic acid/amoxicillin (1: 14) -outcomes of special drug use investigation on antibacterial activity (annual changes)]. | as a special drug use investigation, we monitored and assessed trends in antibacterial activity of clavulanic acid/amoxicillin (1:14) (hereafter, "cva/ampc (1:14)") and other antimicrobial agents for clinical isolates from pediatric patients with otitis media or respiratory, skin, and urinary tract infections. against streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis isolated and identified from otorrhea, epipharynx and rhinorrhea of pediatric patients with otitis media, th ... | 2013 | 24167843 |
| microbiological profile of adenoid hypertrophy correlates to clinical diagnosis in children. | adenoid hypertrophy is a common condition in childhood, which may be associated with recurring acute otitis media (raom), otitis media with effusion (ome), and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (osas). these different clinical characteristics have some clinical overlap; however, they might be explained by distinct immunologic and infectious profiles and result in various histopathologic findings of adenoid specimens. | 2013 | 24175295 |
| penetration of gsk1322322 into epithelial lining fluid and alveolar macrophages as determined by bronchoalveolar lavage. | gsk1322322 is a potent peptide deformylase inhibitor with in vitro and in vivo activity against multidrug-resistant skin and respiratory pathogens. this report provides plasma and intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of gsk1322322 after repeat (twice daily intravenous dosing for 4 days) dosing at 1,500 mg. plasma samples were collected over the last 12-hour dosing interval of repeat dosing following the day 4 morning dose (the last dose). bronchoalveolar lavage samples were ... | 2014 | 24189245 |
| maternal administration of solithromycin, a new, potent, broad-spectrum fluoroketolide antibiotic, achieves fetal and intra-amniotic antimicrobial protection in a pregnant sheep model. | solithromycin (cem-101) is a new antibiotic that is highly potent against ureaplasma and mycoplasma spp. and active against many other antibiotic-resistant organisms. we have explored the maternal-amniotic-fetal pharmacokinetics of cem-101 in a pregnant sheep model to assess its potential for treating intrauterine and antenatal infection. chronically catheterized pregnant ewes (n = 6 or 7) received either a single maternal intravenous (i.v.) infusion of cem-101 (10 mg/kg of body weight), a singl ... | 2014 | 24189250 |
| meta-analysis of the adverse effects of long-term azithromycin use in patients with chronic lung diseases. | the adverse effects of azithromycin on the treatment of patients with chronic lung diseases (cld) were evaluated in the present study. medline and other databases were searched for relevant articles published until august 2013. randomized controlled trials that enrolled patients with chronic lung diseases who received long-term azithromycin treatment were selected, and data on microbiological studies and azithromycin-related adverse events were abstracted from articles and analyzed. six studies ... | 2014 | 24189261 |
| postarthroscopic infection in the knee following medical or dental procedures. | knee infection is a relatively rare complication after arthroscopic knee surgery (babcok et al., 2002), with reported incidences ranging from 0.1% to 3.4% (babcok et al., 2002 and bert et al., 2007). although postoperative dental and surgical procedures were formerly considered a risk factor for infection in arthroplasty patients, the american dental association (ada) and academy of orthopaedic surgery (aaos) no longer recommend prophylactic antibiotics for patients with prosthetic joints and do ... | 2013 | 24191214 |
| activity of the antiseptic polyhexanide against gram-negative bacteria. | the activity of the antiseptic polyhexanide was tested against 250 gram-negative clinical isolates, that is, 50 isolates each of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, moraxella catarrhalis, and haemophilus influenzae. minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (mbcs) were determined by using a serial broth microdilution technique according to din 58940. time-kill studies were performed for reference stains e. coli atcc 25922, k. pn ... | 2014 | 24192397 |
| bacterial flora of conjunctiva after death. | to evaluate the frequency of bacterial flora of conjunctiva after death (cadaver eyes) which will give information about the bacterial contamination of donor eyes, and the in-vitro sensitivity of isolated bacteria to the commonly used antibiotics in ophthalmic practice. | 2013 | 24195038 |
| acanthamoeba, fungal, and bacterial keratitis: a comparison of risk factors and clinical features. | to determine risk factors and clinical signs that may differentiate between bacterial, fungal, and acanthamoeba keratitis among patients presenting with presumed infectious keratitis. | 2013 | 24200232 |
| acanthamoeba, fungal, and bacterial keratitis: a comparison of risk factors and clinical features. | to determine risk factors and clinical signs that may differentiate between bacterial, fungal, and acanthamoeba keratitis among patients presenting with presumed infectious keratitis. | 2013 | 24200232 |
| draft genome sequence of psychrobacter aquaticus strain cms 56t, isolated from a cyanobacterial mat sample collected from water bodies in the mcmurdo dry valley region of antarctica. | we report the 3.2-mb draft genome sequence of psychrobacter aquaticus strain cms 56(t), isolated from a cyanobacterial mat sample collected from a water body in the mcmurdo dry valley region of antarctica. | 2013 | 24201199 |
| detection of viral and bacterial pathogens in acute respiratory infections. | the role of bacteria in acute respiratory illnesses (ari) of adults and interactions with viral infections is incompletely understood. this study tested the hypothesis that bacterial co-infection during ari adds to airway inflammation and illness severity. | 2013 | 24211414 |
| detection of viral and bacterial pathogens in acute respiratory infections. | the role of bacteria in acute respiratory illnesses (ari) of adults and interactions with viral infections is incompletely understood. this study tested the hypothesis that bacterial co-infection during ari adds to airway inflammation and illness severity. | 2013 | 24211414 |
| viral-bacterial interactions-therapeutic implications. | viral and bacterial respiratory tract infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, despite the development of vaccines and potent antibiotics. frequently, viruses and bacteria can co-infect the same host, resulting in heightened pathology and severity of illness compared to single infections. bacterial superinfections have been a significant cause of death during every influenza pandemic, including the 2009 h1n1 pandemic. this review will analyze the epidemiology and glob ... | 2013 | 24215379 |
| bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytokine profiles in neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy and follicular bronchiolitis. | neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy (nehi) and follicular bronchiolitis (fb) are rare pediatric diffuse lung diseases with poorly understood pathogenesis and similar clinical presentations. we sought to determine if cellular and cytokine profiles in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf) from subjects with nehi and fb would differ from pediatric disease controls. | 2013 | 24216293 |
| mailed versus frozen transport of nasal swabs for surveillance of respiratory bacteria in remote indigenous communities in australia. | surveillance programs and research for acute respiratory infections in remote australian communities are complicated by difficulties in the storage and transport of frozen samples to urban laboratories for testing. this study assessed the sensitivity of a simple method for transporting nasal swabs from a remote setting for bacterial polymerase chain reaction (pcr) testing. | 2013 | 24228701 |
| azithromycin and cough-specific health status in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic cough: a randomised controlled trial. | macrolides reduce exacerbations in patients with copd. their effects on health status has not been assessed as primary outcome and is less clear. this study assessed the effects of prophylactic azithromycin on cough-specific health status in copd-patients with chronic productive cough. | 2013 | 24229360 |
| the btaf trimeric autotransporter of brucella suis is involved in attachment to various surfaces, resistance to serum and virulence. | the adhesion of bacterial pathogens to host cells is an event that determines infection, and ultimately invasion and intracellular multiplication. several evidences have recently shown that this rule is also truth for the intracellular pathogen brucella. brucella suis displays the unipolar bmac and btae adhesins, which belong to the monomeric and trimeric autotransporter (ta) families, respectively. it was previously shown that these adhesins are involved in bacterial adhesion to host cells and ... | 2013 | 24236157 |
| infections and their role in childhood asthma inception. | the association of early-onset wheezing with common viral and bacterial infections has raised significant interest in the role of infections in childhood asthma inception. this article serves to review these relationships among infections, host factors, and asthma inception in childhood. | 2013 | 24236893 |
| infections and their role in childhood asthma inception. | the association of early-onset wheezing with common viral and bacterial infections has raised significant interest in the role of infections in childhood asthma inception. this article serves to review these relationships among infections, host factors, and asthma inception in childhood. | 2013 | 24236893 |
| inspiration from old dyes: tris(stilbene) compounds as potent gram-positive antibacterial agents. | herein we describe the preparation and structure-activity relationship studies on range of stilbene based compounds and their antibacterial activity. two related compounds, each bearing carboxylic acid moieties, exhibit good activity against several bacterial strains, including methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus mrsa (atcc 33592 and nctc 10442). compound 10 was most active against moraxella catarrhalis with minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of 0.12-0.25 μg ml(-1) and against stap ... | 2013 | 24248959 |
| nontypeable haemophilus influenzae inhibits autolysis and fratricide of streptococcus pneumoniae in vitro. | streptococcus pneumoniae (sp) and nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) are common commensals of the human airway and major bacterial pathogens of otitis media (om) and other upper airway infections. the interaction between them may play an important role in the pathogenesis of polymicrobial infections. although previous studies suggested nthi could promote pneumococcal survival and biofilm formation, how nthi affects pneumococcal activities has not been defined. our data in the present stud ... | 2013 | 24269704 |
| nontypeable haemophilus influenzae inhibits autolysis and fratricide of streptococcus pneumoniae in vitro. | streptococcus pneumoniae (sp) and nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) are common commensals of the human airway and major bacterial pathogens of otitis media (om) and other upper airway infections. the interaction between them may play an important role in the pathogenesis of polymicrobial infections. although previous studies suggested nthi could promote pneumococcal survival and biofilm formation, how nthi affects pneumococcal activities has not been defined. our data in the present stud ... | 2013 | 24269704 |
| phenotypic, immunologic, and clinical characteristics of patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease in korea. | this study aimed to elucidate the phenotypic, immunologic, and clinical characteristics of korean patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial (ntm) lung disease and compare them with non-ntm bronchiectasis (be) patients. | 2013 | 24274658 |
| rhinovirus-induced exacerbations of asthma and copd. | over the past two decades, increasing evidence has shown that, in patients with chronic airways disease, viral infection is the most common cause of exacerbation. this review will examine the evidence for viral-induced exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease and the potential mechanisms by which viruses cause exacerbations. attention will be focused on rhinovirus, the most common cause of respiratory exacerbations. exacerbations due to rhinovirus, which infects relatively fe ... | 2013 | 24278777 |
| a comparison of microbiology and demographics among patients with healthcare-associated, hospital-acquired, and ventilator-associated pneumonia: a retrospective analysis of 1184 patients from a large, international study. | acceptance of healthcare-associated pneumonia (hcap) as an entity and the associated risk of infection by potentially multidrug-resistant (mdr) organisms such as methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), pseudomonas and acinetobacter have been debated. we therefore compared patients with hcap, hospital-acquired pneumonia (hap), and ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) enrolled in a trial comparing linezolid with vancomycin for treatment of pneumonia. | 2013 | 24279701 |
| multiple facets of camp signalling and physiological impact: camp compartmentalization in the lung. | therapies involving elevation of the endogenous suppressor cyclic amp (camp) are currently used in the treatment of several chronic inflammatory disorders, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). characteristics of copd are airway obstruction, airway inflammation and airway remodelling, processes encompassed by increased airway smooth muscle mass, epithelial changes, goblet cell and submucosal gland hyperplasia. in addition to inflammatory cells, airway smooth muscle cells and (m ... | 2012 | 24281338 |
| granulomatous lymphocytic interstitial lung disease in infancy. | the authors report a case involving a child with chronic respiratory symptoms, who did not respond to conventional treatment. low serum immunoglobin levels and pathological findings on lung biopsy revealed an unusual diagnosis for his age group. a specific treatment led to clinical improvement. | 2014 | 24288696 |
| herbal medicines for the treatment of acute otitis media: protocol for a systematic review. | the aim of this systematic review is to analyse the trial data on the efficacy of herbal medicines for acute otitis media. | 2013 | 24293205 |
| antibacterial screening of secreted compounds produced by the phase i variant of photorhabdus luminescens. | in this study, antibacterial activity of metabolites secreted by the phase i variant of photorhabdus luminescens was investigated. bioactivity of these metabolites was screened against 28 different bacterial species and strains. bacterial sensitivity was determined by a modified-version of the kirby-bauer disk diffusion susceptibility method, whereas the phase i variant's culture permeate was utilized as the "antibacterial" agent. this investigation demonstrates that 11 of the 28 bacterial speci ... | 2012 | 24293735 |
| risk factors and outcomes for pandemic h1n1 influenza compared with seasonal influenza in hospitalized children in china. | to compare clinical features and outcomes of children hospitalized in china with pandemic (p)h1n1 between 2009 and 2010 versus seasonal influenza a between 2008 and 2009. | 2012 | 24294275 |
| coagulase-negative staphylococcus, catheter-related, bloodstream infections and their association with acute phase markers of inflammation in the intensive care unit: an observational study. | to examine the relationship between the isolation of coagulase-negative staphylococcus in blood cultures and acute phase markers of inflammation. | 2012 | 24294276 |
| vaccines for children and adults with chronic lung disease: efficacy against acute exacerbations. | acute exacerbations of chronic lung disease are usually associated with viral and bacterial pathogens. they contribute to declining lung function, poor quality of life and exert an excess burden on individuals, families, communities and the healthcare sector. hence, preventing exacerbations is important in clinical management. several vaccines providing protection against respiratory pathogens (streptococcus pneumoniae, bordetella pertussis and influenza) that can trigger exacerbations are avail ... | 2014 | 24308654 |
| aetiology of pulmonary symptoms in hiv-infected smear negative recurrent ptb suspects in kampala, uganda: a cross-sectional study. | previously treated tb patients with pulmonary symptoms are often considered recurrent tb suspects in the resource-limited settings, where investigations are limited to microscopy and chest x-ray. category ii anti-tb drugs may be inappropriate and may expose patients to pill burden, drug toxicities and drug-drug interactions. | 2013 | 24312650 |
| formulation of cefuroxime axetil oral suspension and investigation of its pharmaceutical properties. | cefuroxime is the second generation cephalosporin, which its intravenous and oral dosage forms are available. oral route is the selective method for administration of most of the drugs. the aim of this study was formulating 'for oral' cefuroxime axetil suspensions. | 2011 | 24312763 |
| septic arthritis due to moraxella osloensis in a rhesus macaque (macaca mulatta). | a 5.5-y-old chinese-origin female rhesus macaque (macaca mulatta) presented for bilateral hindlimb lameness. the primate had been group-reared in an spf breeding colony and was seronegative for macacine herpesvirus 1, siv, simian retrovirus type d, and simian t-lymphotropic virus. the macaque's previous medical history included multiple occasions of swelling in the left tarsus, and trauma to the right arm and bilateral hands. in addition, the macaque had experienced osteomyelitis of the left dis ... | 2013 | 24326229 |
| dissecting the machinery that introduces disulfide bonds in pseudomonas aeruginosa. | disulfide bond formation is required for the folding of many bacterial virulence factors. however, whereas the escherichia coli disulfide bond-forming system is well characterized, not much is known on the pathways that oxidatively fold proteins in pathogenic bacteria. here, we report the detailed unraveling of the pathway that introduces disulfide bonds in the periplasm of the human pathogen pseudomonas aeruginosa. the genome of p. aeruginosa uniquely encodes two dsba proteins (p. aeruginosa ds ... | 2013 | 24327342 |
| the bronchiectasis severity index. an international derivation and validation study. | there are no risk stratification tools for morbidity and mortality in bronchiectasis. identifying patients at risk of exacerbations, hospital admissions, and mortality is vital for future research. | 2014 | 24328736 |
| antibacterial activity of the roots, stems and leaves of alchornea floribunda. | alchornea floribunda müll. arg. is used in traditional medicine across africa for the treatment of bacterial, fungal, parasitic and inflammatory disorders. | 2014 | 24333961 |
| canadian guidelines for chronic rhinosinusitis: clinical summary. | to provide a clinical summary of the canadian clinical practice guidelines for chronic rhinosinusitis (crs) that includes recommendations relevant for family physicians. | 2013 | 24336538 |
| inhaled colistin for treatment of pneumonia due to colistin-only-susceptible acinetobacter baumannii. | colistin is used for the treatment of pneumonia associated with multidrug- resistant acinetobacter baumannii and pseudomonas aeruginosa. however, the best route of administration and dosage is not known. we report our experience with aerosolized colistin in twelve patients with pneumonia caused by colistin-only-susceptible (cos) a. baumannii. | 2013 | 24339296 |
| inhaled colistin for treatment of pneumonia due to colistin-only-susceptible acinetobacter baumannii. | colistin is used for the treatment of pneumonia associated with multidrug- resistant acinetobacter baumannii and pseudomonas aeruginosa. however, the best route of administration and dosage is not known. we report our experience with aerosolized colistin in twelve patients with pneumonia caused by colistin-only-susceptible (cos) a. baumannii. | 2013 | 24339296 |
| deciphering the genetic basis of moraxella catarrhalis complement resistance: a critical role for the disulphide bond formation system. | the complement system is an important innate defence mechanism, and the ability to resist complement-mediated killing is considered a key virulence trait of the respiratory tract pathogen m. catarrhalis. we studied the molecular basis of complement resistance by transcriptional profiling and tn-seq, a genome-wide negative-selection screenings technology. exposure of m. catarrhalis to human serum resulted in increased expression of 84 genes and reduced expression of 134 genes, among which genes e ... | 2014 | 24344868 |
| high nasopharyngeal carriage of non-vaccine serotypes in western australian aboriginal people following 10 years of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination. | invasive pneumococcal disease (ipd) continues to occur at high rates among australian aboriginal people. the seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (7vpcv) was given in a 2-4-6-month schedule from 2001, with a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (23vppv) booster at 18 months, and replaced with 13vpcv in july 2011. since carriage surveillance can supplement ipd surveillance, we have monitored pneumococcal carriage in western australia (wa) since 2008 to assess the impact of the 10- ... | 2013 | 24349245 |
| mechanical ventilation drives inflammation in severe viral bronchiolitis. | respiratory insufficiency due to severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is the most frequent cause of paediatric intensive care unit admission in infants during the winter season. previous studies have shown increased levels of inflammatory mediators in airways of mechanically ventilated children compared to spontaneous breathing children with viral bronchiolitis. in this prospective observational multi-center study we aimed to investigate whether this increase was related to disease ... | 2013 | 24349427 |
| decreased expression of tlr-9 and cytokines in the presence of bacteria in patients with otitis media with effusion. | toll-like receptor (tlr)-9 recognizes unmethylated cytidine-phosphate-guanosine (cpg) motifs in bacteria. therefore, the expression of tlr-9 may differ according to the results of bacterial culture, and thus a change in proinflammatory cytokine induction can also be expected. the authors aimed to assess the differences and relationships between the expression of tlr-9, cytokines, and nitric oxide synthase (nos) in otitis media with effusion (ome) based on bacterial culture results. | 2013 | 24353857 |
| comparing the anterior nare bacterial community of two discrete human populations using illumina amplicon sequencing. | the anterior nares are an important reservoir for opportunistic pathogens and commensal microorganisms. a barcoded illumina paired-end sequencing method targeting the 16s ribosomal rna v1-2 hypervariable region was developed to compare the bacterial diversity of the anterior nares across distinct human populations (volunteers from germany vs a babongo pygmy tribe, africa). of the 251 phylotypes detected, 231 could be classified to the genus level and 109 to the species level, including the unamb ... | 2014 | 24354520 |
| co-colonization by haemophilus influenzae with streptococcus pneumoniae enhances pneumococcal-specific antibody response in young children. | streptococcus pneumoniae (spn), haemophilus influenzae (hi) and moraxella catarrhalis (mcat) are common bacterial pathogens of respiratory infections and common commensal microbes in the human nasopharynx (np). the effect of interactions among theses bacteria during co-colonization of the np on the host immune response has not been evaluated. the objective of this study was to assess the impact of co-colonization by hi or mcat on the systemic antibody response to vaccine protein candidate antige ... | 2013 | 24355091 |
| co-colonization by haemophilus influenzae with streptococcus pneumoniae enhances pneumococcal-specific antibody response in young children. | streptococcus pneumoniae (spn), haemophilus influenzae (hi) and moraxella catarrhalis (mcat) are common bacterial pathogens of respiratory infections and common commensal microbes in the human nasopharynx (np). the effect of interactions among theses bacteria during co-colonization of the np on the host immune response has not been evaluated. the objective of this study was to assess the impact of co-colonization by hi or mcat on the systemic antibody response to vaccine protein candidate antige ... | 2013 | 24355091 |
| nasopharyngeal proteobacteria are associated with viral etiology and acute wheezing in children with severe bronchiolitis. | 2013 | 24365140 | |
| nasopharyngeal proteobacteria are associated with viral etiology and acute wheezing in children with severe bronchiolitis. | 2013 | 24365140 | |
| rifaximin in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy. | hepatic encephalopathy is a challenging complication in patients with advanced liver disease. it can be defined as a neuropsychiatric syndrome caused by portosystemic venous shunting, ranging from minimal to overt hepatic encephalopathy or coma. its pathophysiology is still unclear, although increased levels of ammonia play a key role. diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy is currently based on specific tests evaluating the neuropsychiatric state of patients and their quality of life; the severity ... | 2011 | 24367227 |
| predicting response to antimicrobial therapy in children with acute sinusitis. | to determine prognostic factors that independently predict response to antimicrobial therapy in children with acute sinusitis. | 2013 | 24367985 |
| predicting response to antimicrobial therapy in children with acute sinusitis. | to determine prognostic factors that independently predict response to antimicrobial therapy in children with acute sinusitis. | 2013 | 24367985 |
| protein selection and export via outer membrane vesicles. | outer membrane vesicles (omvs) are constitutively produced by all gram-negative bacteria. omvs form when buds from the outer membrane (om) of cells encapsulate periplasmic material and pinch off from the om to form spheroid particles approximately 10 to 300nm in diameter. omvs accomplish a diversity of functional roles yet the omv's utility is ultimately determined by its unique composition. inclusion into omvs may impart a variety of benefits to the protein cargo, including: protection from pro ... | 2013 | 24370777 |
| protein selection and export via outer membrane vesicles. | outer membrane vesicles (omvs) are constitutively produced by all gram-negative bacteria. omvs form when buds from the outer membrane (om) of cells encapsulate periplasmic material and pinch off from the om to form spheroid particles approximately 10 to 300nm in diameter. omvs accomplish a diversity of functional roles yet the omv's utility is ultimately determined by its unique composition. inclusion into omvs may impart a variety of benefits to the protein cargo, including: protection from pro ... | 2013 | 24370777 |
| tricyclic gyrb/pare (tribe) inhibitors: a new class of broad-spectrum dual-targeting antibacterial agents. | increasing resistance to every major class of antibiotics and a dearth of novel classes of antibacterial agents in development pipelines has created a dwindling reservoir of treatment options for serious bacterial infections. the bacterial type iia topoisomerases, dna gyrase and topoisomerase iv, are validated antibacterial drug targets with multiple prospective drug binding sites, including the catalytic site targeted by the fluoroquinolone antibiotics. however, growing resistance to fluoroquin ... | 2013 | 24386374 |
| the microbiome of the middle meatus in healthy adults. | rhinitis and rhinosinusitis are multifactorial disease processes in which bacteria may play a role either in infection or stimulation of the inflammatory process. rhinosinusitis has been historically studied with culture-based techniques, which have implicated several common pathogens in disease states. more recently, the nih human microbiome project has examined the microbiome at a number of accessible body sites, and demonstrated differences among healthy and diseased patients. recent dna-base ... | 2013 | 24386477 |
| dose optimisation of antibiotics in children: application of pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics in paediatrics. | the judicious use of antibiotics to combat infections in children relies upon appropriate selection of an agent, dose and duration to maximise efficacy and to minimise toxicity. critical to dose optimisation is an understanding of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of available drugs. optimal dosing strategies may take advantage of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (pk/pd) principles so that antibiotic dosing can be individualised to assure effective bacterial killing in patients who have a ... | 2013 | 24389079 |
| dose optimisation of antibiotics in children: application of pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics in paediatrics. | the judicious use of antibiotics to combat infections in children relies upon appropriate selection of an agent, dose and duration to maximise efficacy and to minimise toxicity. critical to dose optimisation is an understanding of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of available drugs. optimal dosing strategies may take advantage of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (pk/pd) principles so that antibiotic dosing can be individualised to assure effective bacterial killing in patients who have a ... | 2013 | 24389079 |
| residence of streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis within polymicrobial biofilm promotes antibiotic resistance and bacterial persistence in vivo. | otitis media (om) is an extremely common pediatric ailment caused by opportunists that reside within the nasopharynx. inflammation within the upper airway can promote ascension of these opportunists into the middle ear chamber. om can be chronic/recurrent in nature, and a wealth of data indicates that in these cases, the bacteria persist within biofilms. epidemiological data demonstrate that most cases of om are polymicrobial, which may have significant impact on antibiotic resistance. in this s ... | 2014 | 24391058 |
| role of transition metal exporters in virulence: the example of neisseria meningitidis. | transition metals such as iron, manganese, and zinc are essential micronutrients for bacteria. however, at high concentration, they can generate non-functional proteins or toxic compounds. metal metabolism is therefore regulated to prevent shortage or overload, both of which can impair cell survival. in addition, equilibrium among these metals has to be tightly controlled to avoid molecular replacement in the active site of enzymes. bacteria must actively maintain intracellular metal concentrati ... | 2013 | 24392357 |
| clinico-bacteriological study of chronic dacryocystitis cases in northern karnataka, india. | the aim of this study was to identify the organisms responsible and to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the bacterial isolates from conjunctiva and nasal mucosa in cases of chronic dacryocystitis and comparing with lacrimal sac specimen. | 2013 | 24392383 |
| prevalence and emerging resistance of moraxella catarrhalis in lower respiratory tract infections in karachi. | to determine the prevalence of moraxella catarrhalis in sputum cultures from patients with lower respiratory tract infection and their antimicrobial sensitivity profiles. | 2013 | 24392515 |
| real-time pcr taqman assay for rapid screening of bloodstream infection. | sepsis is one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity. the rapid detection of pathogens in blood of septic patients is essential for adequate antimicrobial therapy and better prognosis. this study aimed to accelerate the detection and discrimination of gram-positive (gp) and gram-negative (gn) bacteria and candida species in blood culture samples by molecular methods. | 2014 | 24393579 |