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in vitro protein synthesis of sugar beet (beta vulgaris) and maize (zea mays) is differentially inhibited when potassium is substituted by sodium.the substitution of potassium ions (k+) by sodium ions (na+) in the nutrition of plants is restricted. it was shown earlier that net protein synthesis is the process which is most sensitive to the substitution of k+ by na+ in young sugar beet. we hypothesized that the activity of ribosomes is inhibited by the substitution. this hypothesis was tested in an in vitro approach. cytosolic polysomes were isolated from growing leaves of sugar beet and maize by means of differential centrifugation. in v ...201728648999
stemphylium revisited.in 2007 a new stemphylium leaf spot disease of beta vulgaris (sugar beet) spread through the netherlands. attempts to identify this destructive stemphylium sp. in sugar beet led to a phylogenetic revision of the genus. the name stemphylium has been recommended for use over that of its sexual morph, pleospora, which is polyphyletic. stemphylium forms a well-defined monophyletic genus in the pleosporaceae, pleosporales (dothideomycetes), but lacks an up-to-date phylogeny. to address this issue, th ...201728663603
new approaches for extraction and determination of betaine from beta vulgaris samples by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.betaine is one of most studied biologically active compounds, due its role in the main biological processes. although it may be found in several plants and roots, such as the beta vulgaris family, present in typical diets, just a few analytical methods have been developed for its extraction from roots. a new, quick and effective procedure for the isolation and determination of betaine from two different varieties of b. vulgaris (red and gold) is presented. for betaine extraction, an accelerated ...201728664334
detection of verticillium species in swedish soils using real-time pcr.verticillium species are soilborne plant pathogens, responsible for big yield losses worldwide. here, we report improved procedures to generate dna from verticillium species imbedded in farm soils. using new genomic sequence information, primers for v. dahliae, v. albo-atrum, v. tricorpus, and v. longisporum were designed. in a survey of 429 samples from intensively farmed soil of two swedish regions, only v. dahliae and v. longisporum were identified. a bias towards v. longisporum (40%) was see ...201728741076
foliar uptake of cd by pea (pisum sativum) and sugar beet (beta vulgaris).pea (pisum sativum l. cv. fenomen) and sugar beet (beta vulgaris l. cv. monohill) were cultivated in nutrient media without or with 10 μm cdcl2 . leaves of the same size and stage of development, detached or still attached to the intact plants, were submerged into redistilled water containing 1 to 250 μm cdcl2 . the uptake experiments were run for 1 to 8 h at ph 3.6 and 5.1. cuticular transpiration rate, density of leaf and density of stomata were also measured. percentage of open stomata was st ...199328741769
effect of swiss chard (beta vulgaris var. cicla) as nitrite replacement on color stability and shelf-life of cooked pork patties during refrigerated storage.in this study, the effects of pre-converted nitrite from swiss chard powder (ps) on the color stability and shelf-life of cooked pork patties during refrigerated storage for 28 d were investigated. nitrite was added at a concentration of approximately 120 ppm. five treatments were formulated as follows: control (120 ppm nitrite), t1 (2% ps), t2 (2% pre-converted nitrite from celery powder; pc), t3 (1% ps + 60 ppm nitrite), and nc (nitrite-free). the t1 and t3 samples had higher nitrosoheme pigme ...201728747828
natural compounds for skin tissue engineering by electrospinning of nylon-beta vulgaris.natural compounds containing polysaccharide ingredients have been employed as candidates for treatment of skin tissue. herein, for the first time, electrospinning setup was proposed to fabricate an efficient composite nanofibrous structure of beta vulgaris (obtained from beet [chenopodiaceae or amaranthaceae]) belonged to polysaccharides and an elastic polymer named nylon 66 for skin tissue engineering. both prepared scaffolds including noncomposite and composite types were studied by scanning e ...201728777137
differential genomic arrangements in caryophyllales through deep transcriptome sequencing of a. hypochondriacus.genome duplication event in edible dicots under the orders rosid and asterid, common during the oligocene period, is missing for species under the order caryophyllales. despite this, grain amaranths not only survived this period but display many desirable traits missing in species under rosids and asterids. for example, grain amaranths display traits like c4 photosynthesis, high-lysine seeds, high-yield, drought resistance, tolerance to infection and resilience to stress. it is, therefore, of in ...201728786999
in vivo anticoccidial effects of beta vulgaris (sugar beet) in broiler chickens.recently, use of botanicals as an alternative to anticoccidial drugs has been appealing approach for controlling avian coccidiosis. therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the anticoccidial activity of aqueous methanolic extract (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg of body weight) of beta vulgaris (roots) in broiler chicks. a total of 315 day old broiler chicks were divided into seven equal groups (a, b, c, d, e, f and g). at 14th day of age, all groups except group g, which served as non infected no ...201728826766
long term growth of crop plants on experimental plots created among slag heaps.suppression of plant growth is a common problem in post-mining reclaimed areas, as coarse texture of soils may increase nitrate leaching. assessing feasibility of using solid waste (precipitated solid matter) produced by water and sewage treatment processes in field conditions is very important in mine soil reclamation. our work investigated the possibility of plant growth in a degraded site covered with sewage-derived sludge material. a test area (21m × 18m) was established on a mine soil heap. ...201828837874
quantification of seed-soil contact of sugar beet (beta vulgaris) using x-ray computed tomography.seed-soil contact is important to ensure successful germination, however, there is a paucity of reported studies that have quantified the microstructure at and around this critical interface, mainly due to the opacity of soil.201728861117
roq1 mediates recognition of the xanthomonas and pseudomonas effector proteins xopq and hopq1.xanthomonas spp. are phytopathogenic bacteria that can cause disease on a wide variety of plant species resulting in significant impacts on crop yields. limited genetic resistance is available in most crop species and current control methods are often inadequate, particularly when environmental conditions favor disease. the plant nicotiana benthamiana has been shown to be resistant to xanthomonas and pseudomonas due to an immune response triggered by the bacterial effector proteins xopq and hopq ...201728891100
genome-wide identification and characterization of aquaporin gene family in beta vulgaris.aquaporins (aqps) are essential channel proteins that execute multi-functions throughout plant growth and development, including water transport, uncharged solutes uptake, stress response, and so on. here, we report the first genome-wide identification and characterization aqp (bvaqp) genes in sugar beet (beta vulgaris), an important crop widely cultivated for feed, for sugar production and for bioethanol production. twenty-eight sugar beet aqps (bvaqps) were identified and assigned into five su ...201728948097
relating sensory profiles of canned amaranth (amaranthus cruentus), cleome (cleome gynandra), cowpea (vigna unguiculata) and swiss chard (beta vulgaris) leaves to consumer acceptance.the younger generation of south africans generally do not consume traditional meals prepared using african green leafy vegetables, primarily because they are regarded as bitter, "poverty" foods. canning of these vegetables could create value-added products that can be sold in the commercial market. descriptive sensory evaluation and consumer acceptance testing with young females were used to assess the potential of such products.201728981142
relaxation of tyrosine pathway regulation underlies the evolution of betalain pigmentation in caryophyllales.diverse natural products are synthesized in plants by specialized metabolic enzymes, which are often lineage-specific and derived from gene duplication followed by functional divergence. however, little is known about the contribution of primary metabolism to the evolution of specialized metabolic pathways. betalain pigments, uniquely found in the plant order caryophyllales, are synthesized from the aromatic amino acid l-tyrosine (tyr) and replaced the otherwise ubiquitous phenylalanine-derived ...201828990194
targeted next-generation sequencing identification of mutations in disease resistance gene analogs (rgas) in wild and cultivated beets.resistance gene analogs (rgas) were searched bioinformatically in the sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) genome as potential candidates for improving resistance against different diseases. in the present study, ion torrent sequencing technology was used to identify mutations in 21 rgas. the dna samples of ninety-six individuals from six sea beets (beta vulgaris l. subsp. maritima) and six sugar beet pollinators (eight individuals each) were used for the discovery of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (s ...201729019931
growth kinetics of escherichia coli o157:h7 on the epicarp of fresh vegetables and fruits.despite the increasing reports on the incidence of fresh vegetables and fruits as a possible vehicle for human pathogens, there is currently limited knowledge on the growth potential of escherichia coli o157:h7 on different plant substrates. this study analyzed the selective adhesion and growth of e. coli o157:h7 on chili habanero (capsicum chinense l.), cucumber (cucumis sativus), radish (raphanus sativus), tomato (lycopersicon esculentum), beet (beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris), and onion (alliu ...201829037503
the antioxidant activity of beta vulgaris leaf extract in improving scopolamine-induced spatial memory disorders in rats.medicinal plants have attracted global attention due to their safety as well as their considerable antioxidant content that helps to prevent or ameliorate various disorders including memory impairments. this study was conducted to investigate the effect of beet root (beta vulgaris) leaf extract on scopolamine-induced spatial memory impairments in male wistar rats.201729062803
red beet and betaine as ingredients in diets of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss): effects on growth performance, nutrient retention and flesh quality.the objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of different concentrations of dietary red beet and betaine on the growth performance and fish flesh quality of rainbow trout. therefore, a control diet was compared with four diets in which two levels of red beet (14% and 28%) and betaine (0.9% and 1.63%) were incorporated in combination. the study was set up with an average body weight of 69 ± 2.2 g and finished when fish reached commercial weight (175-250 g) after 105 d. the impact of the ...201729064291
global genotype flow in cercospora beticola populations confirmed through genotyping-by-sequencing.genotyping-by-sequencing (gbs) was conducted on 333 cercospora isolates collected from beta vulgaris (sugar beet, table beet and swiss chard) in the usa and europe. cercospora beticola was confirmed as the species predominantly isolated from leaves with cercospora leaf spot (cls) symptoms. however, c. cf. flagellaris also was detected at a frequency of 3% in two table beet fields in new york. resolution of the spatial structure and identification of clonal lineages in c. beticola populations usi ...201729065114
elemental composition of vegetables cultivated over coal-mining waste.we assessed elemental composition of the liver in mice subjected to one-time or chronic consumption of the juice of vegetables cultivated in a vegetable garden built over deposits of coal waste. lactuca sativa l. (lettuce), beta vulgaris l. (beet), brassica oleracea l. var. italica (broccoli) and brassica oleracea l. var. acephala (kale) were collected from the coal-mining area and from a certified organic farm (control). elemental composition was analyzed by particle-induced x-ray emission (pix ...201729069139
infection assay of cyst nematodes on arabidopsis roots.plant parasitic nematodes are devastating pests on many crops. juveniles (j2) of cyst nematodes invade the roots to induce a syncytium. this feeding site is their only source of nutrients. male nematodes leave the roots after the fourth molt to mate with females. the females stay attached to their syncytia throughout their life and produce hundreds of eggs, which are contained in their bodies. when the females die their bodies form the cysts, which protect the eggs. cysts can survive for many ye ...201529085856
branched pectic galactan in phloem-sieve-element cell walls: implications for cell mechanics.a major question in plant biology concerns the specification and functional differentiation of cell types. this is in the context of constraints imposed by networks of cell walls that both adhere cells and contribute to the form and function of developing organs. here, we report the identification of a glycan epitope that is specific to phloem sieve element cell walls in several systems. a monoclonal antibody, designated lm26, binds to the cell wall of phloem sieve elements in stems of arabidops ...201729150558
using the spe and micro-hplc-ms/ms method for the analysis of betalains in rat plasma after red beet administration.the objective of this study was to develop a simple and reproducible method for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of betalains in plasma samples, based on solid phase extraction (spe) and micro-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (micro-hplc-ms/ms). the eight betalain compounds detected and quantified were characterized in the fortified rat blood plasma samples. the developed method showed a good coefficient of determination (r² = 0.999), good recovery, ...201729207522
bioproduction of a betalain color palette in saccharomyces cerevisiae.betalains are a family of natural pigments found exclusively in the plant order caryophyllales. all members of this chemical family are biosynthesized through the common intermediate betalamic acid, which is capable of spontaneously condensing with various primary and secondary amines to produce betalains. of particular interest is the red-violet betanin, most commonly obtained from beta vulgaris (beet) as a natural food dye. we demonstrate the first complete microbial production of betanin in s ...201729247865
difference of proteomics vernalization-induced in bolting and flowering transitions of beta vulgaris.sugar beet (beta vulgaris) is a biennial crop that accounts for 30% sugar production of the world. vernalization is an essential factor for sugar beet reproductative growth under long days. although genes association with bolting and flowering were well explored, the difference of proteomics in the two growth stages were still poorly understood. to address the molecular mechanism at the level of proteins, an isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (itraq)-based quantitative proteo ...201729253800
comparative analysis of prodigiosin isolated from endophyte serratia marcescens.extraction of pigments from endophytes is an uphill task. up till now, there are no efficient methods available to extract the maximum amount of prodigiosin from serratia marcescens. this is one of the important endophytes of beta vulgaris l. the present work was carried out for the comparative study of six different extraction methods such as homogenization, ultrasonication, freezing and thawing, heat treatment, organic solvents and inorganic acids to evaluate the efficiency of prodigiosin yiel ...201729283452
process optimization for the preparation of antioxidant rich ginger candy using beetroot pomace extract.now-a-days, there is an increased interest in fruits and vegetables processing by-products due to potential source of phytochemicals and pigments. beetroot (beta vulgaris) pomace extract is a rich source of betalain, phenolics and other bioactive components, which possess significant antioxidant activities. in the present study, process optimization was performed for developing ginger (zingiber officinale) candy enriched with beetroot pomace extract using response surface methodology (rsm). the ...201829287358
haplotype variation of flowering time genes of sugar beet and its wild relatives and the impact on life cycle regimes.the species beta vulgaris encompasses wild and cultivated members with a broad range of phenological development. the annual life cycle is commonly found in sea beets (ssp. maritima) from mediterranean environments which germinate, bolt, and flower within one season under long day conditions. biennials such as the cultivated sugar beet (b. vulgaris ssp. vulgaris) as well as sea beets from northern latitudes require prolonged exposure to cold temperature over winter to acquire floral competence. ...201729354149
determination of mineral constituents, phytochemicals and antioxidant qualities of cleome gynandra, compared to brassica oleracea and beta vulgaris.the study compared mineral, chemical and antioxidant qualities of cleome gynandra, a wild leafy vegetable, with two widely consumed commercial vegetables, brassica oleracea and beta vulgaris. mineral nutrients were quantified with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (icp-ms), phenolic compounds using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer (uhplc-ms) and β-carotene and vitamin c using high performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array dete ...201729354633
cms-g from beta vulgaris ssp. maritima is maintained in natural populations despite containing an atypical cytochrome c oxidase.while mitochondrial mutants of the respiratory machinery are rare and often lethal, cytoplasmic male sterility (cms), a mitochondrially inherited trait that results in pollen abortion is frequently encountered in wild populations. it generates a breeding system called gynodioecy. in beta vulgaris ssp. maritima , a gynodioecious species, we found cms-g to be widespread across the distribution range of the species. despite the sequencing of the mitochondrial genome of cms-g, the mitochondrial ster ...201829358189
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