Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| pandemic h1n1 influenza virus causes a stronger inflammatory response than seasonal h1n1 influenza virus in ferrets. | a 2009 h1n1 influenza virus pandemic, which had its origin in swine, caused severe illness and mortality in humans. inflammatory responses may be responsible for pathogenesis caused by infection with influenza viruses. to better understand the pathogenic mechanism, clinical signs and inflammatory responses in ferrets infected with the pandemic h1n1 were compared with those caused by seasonal h1n1 influenza virus. ferrets infected with the 2009 pandemic h1n1 virus displayed higher body temperatur ... | 2011 | 21234768 |
| longevity of the protective immune response induced after vaccination with one or two doses of as03a-adjuvanted split h5n1 vaccine in ferrets. | it is crucial that a safe and effective pandemic vaccine be rapidly available to combat a new pandemic threat. in this study we investigated the magnitude and persistence of the protective efficacy induced by one or two doses (3.75 μg ha/dose) of as03(a)-adjuvanted h5n1 a/indonesia/5/05 split vaccine in a lethal ferret challenge model. all ferrets that received at least one dose of adjuvanted vaccine 4 weeks before homologous challenge survived and showed reduced or undetectable virus replicatio ... | 2011 | 21237275 |
| pandemic h1n1 vaccine requires the use of an adjuvant to protect against challenge in naïve ferrets. | in the context of an a/h1n1 influenza pandemic situation, this study demonstrates that heterologous vaccination with an as03-adjuvanted 2008/2009 seasonal trivalent and pandemic h5n1 monovalent split vaccine conferred partial protection in influenza-naïve ferrets after challenge with the influenza pandemic h1n1 a/the netherlands/602/09 virus. further, unlike saline control and non-adjuvanted vaccine, it was shown that immunization of naïve ferrets with an as03-adjuvanted pandemic h1n1 a/californ ... | 2011 | 21238573 |
| an animal model to study regenerative endodontics. | a growing body of evidence is demonstrating the possibility for regeneration of tissues within the pulp space and continued root development in teeth with necrotic pulps and open apices. there are areas of research related to regenerative endodontics that need to be investigated in an animal model. the purpose of this study was to investigate ferret cuspid teeth as a model to investigate factors involved in regenerative endodontics. | 2011 | 21238802 |
| a new intranasal influenza vaccine based on a novel polycationic lipid-ceramide carbamoyl-spermine (ccs). ii. studies in mice and ferrets and mechanism of adjuvanticity. | we recently showed that lipid assemblies comprised of a novel polycationic sphingolipid (ceramide carbamoyl-spermine, ccs) are an effective adjuvant/carrier when complexed with cholesterol (ccs/c) for influenza and other vaccines administered parenterally and intranasally (i.n.) in mice. here we expand these studies to ferrets, an established model of influenza infection. we also address the question of why the ccs/c-based liposomal vaccine (also known as vaxisome™) in mice is superior to vaccin ... | 2011 | 21251901 |
| comparison of a live attenuated 2009 h1n1 vaccine with seasonal influenza vaccines against 2009 pandemic h1n1 virus infection in mice and ferrets. | the role of seasonal influenza vaccination in pandemic influenza a h1n1 disease is important to address, because a large segment of the population is vaccinated annually. we administered 1 or 2 doses of pandemic h1n1 vaccine (ca/7 ca), a seasonal trivalent inactivated (s-tiv), or live attenuated influenza vaccine (s-laiv) to mice and ferrets and subsequently challenged them with a pandemic h1n1 virus. in both species, ca/7 ca was immunogenic and conferred complete protection against challenge. s ... | 2011 | 21257740 |
| a nonlethal young domesticated ferret (mustela putorius furo) model for studying pandemic influenza virus a/california/04/2009 (h1n1). | recent events have heightened the need for the rapid development of vaccines directed against pandemic influenza h1n1 viruses circulating during 2009 to 2010. the current study was conducted to establish a virus challenge dose for a subsequent ca/04 vaccine efficacy study in 3-mo-old domesticated ferrets. an additional consideration in using ca/04 in ferrets is the selection of endpoints on which to base the challenge dose, given the potential nonlethality of this particular model. four doses ra ... | 2010 | 21262121 |
| competition and convergence between auditory and cross-modal visual inputs to primary auditory cortical areas. | sensory neocortex is capable of considerable plasticity after sensory deprivation or damage to input pathways, especially early in development. although plasticity can often be restorative, sometimes novel, ectopic inputs invade the affected cortical area. invading inputs from other sensory modalities may compromise the original function or even take over, imposing a new function and preventing recovery. using ferrets whose retinal axons were rerouted into auditory thalamus at birth, we were abl ... | 2011 | 21273321 |
| the contribution of animal models to the understanding of the host range and virulence of influenza a viruses. | since ferrets were first used in 1933 during the initial isolation of influenza a viruses, animal models have been critical for influenza research. the following review discusses the contribution of mice, ferrets, and non-human primates to the study of influenza virus host range and pathogenicity. | 2011 | 21276869 |
| clinical and pathologic features of an adenomatous polyp of the colon in a domestic ferret (mustela putorius furo). | a 6-year-old castrated male domestic ferret (mustela putorius furo) with a 4-week history of intermittent diarrhea and straining during defecation had an intraluminal mass in the descending colon identified by abdominal ultrasound. the histopathological diagnosis of the resected mass was an adenomatous polyp of the colon. no post-operative complications were identified over a 32-month follow-up period. | 2010 | 21286327 |
| enduring sensorimotor gating abnormalities following predator exposure or corticotropin-releasing factor in rats: a model for ptsd-like information-processing deficits? | a deficit in prepulse inhibition (ppi) can be one of the clinically observed features of post-traumatic stress disorder (ptsd) that is seen long after the acute traumatic episode has terminated. thus, reduced ppi may represent an enduring psychophysiological marker of this illness in some patients. ppi is an operational measure of sensorimotor gating and refers to the phenomenon in which a weak stimulus presented immediately before an intense startling stimulus inhibits the magnitude of the subs ... | 2011 | 21288473 |
| possible increased pathogenicity of pandemic (h1n1) 2009 influenza virus upon reassortment. | since emergence of the pandemic (h1n1) 2009 virus in april 2009, three influenza a viruses-seasonal (h3n2), seasonal (h1n1), and pandemic (h1n1) 2009-have circulated in humans. genetic reassortment between these viruses could result in enhanced pathogenicity. we compared 4 reassortant viruses with favorable in vitro replication properties with the wild-type pandemic (h1n1) 2009 virus with respect to replication kinetics in vitro and pathogenicity and transmission in ferrets. pandemic (h1n1) 2009 ... | 2011 | 21291589 |
| animal instinct helps doctors ferret out disease. | 2011 | 21297594 | |
| rat bite fever, a fatal case of streptobacillus moniliformis infection in a 14-month-old boy. | streptobacillus moniliformis is the primary cause of rat bite fever in north america. children under 12 years of age are primarily infected, presenting with an acute syndrome of fever, rash, and polyarthritis. common vectors include rats and mice. transmission is predominantly from a bite or scratch, but contact with or ingestion of food contaminated with feces or saliva has also been reported. we report a fatal case of s. moniliformis infection in a 14-month-old-boy. at home, the child was expo ... | 2011 | 21306374 |
| molecular genetics of supernumerary tooth formation. | despite advances in the knowledge of tooth morphogenesis and differentiation, relatively little is known about the aetiology and molecular mechanisms underlying supernumerary tooth formation. a small number of supernumerary teeth may be a common developmental dental anomaly, while multiple supernumerary teeth usually have a genetic component and they are sometimes thought to represent a partial third dentition in humans. mice, which are commonly used for studying tooth development, only exhibit ... | 2011 | 21309064 |
| molecular characterization of pandemic h1n1 influenza viruses isolated from turkeys and pathogenicity of a human ph1n1 isolate in turkeys. | suspected human-to-animal transmission of the 2009 pandemic h1n1 (ph1n1) virus has been reported in several animal species, including pigs, dogs, cats, ferrets, and turkeys. in this study we describe the genetic characterization of ph1n1 viruses isolated from breeder turkeys that was associated with a progressive drop in egg production. sequence analysis of all eight gene segments from three viruses isolated from this outbreak demonstrated homology with other human and swine ph1n1 isolates. the ... | 2010 | 21313850 |
| an examination of somatosensory area siii in ferret cortex. | a somatotopically organized region on the suprasylvian gyrus of the ferret was examined using multiunit recordings and anatomical tracer injections. this area, which contains a representation of the face, was bordered by the primary somatosensory area (si), anteriorly, and by the visually responsive rostral posterior parietal cortex (ppr), posteriorly. anatomical tracers revealed connections to this region from cortical areas mi, si, mrss, ppr, and the thalamic posterior nucleus. these results a ... | 2011 | 21314265 |
| asp3258, an orally active potent phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor with low emetic activity. | we investigated the pharmacology of a novel phosphodiesterase (pde) 4 inhibitor, asp3258 (3-[4-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-ethyl-7-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridin-3-yl] propanoic acid), comparing its potency with that of the most advanced pde4 inhibitors, roflumilast and cilomilast. pde4 inhibition by asp3258 (ic(50)=0.28nm) was as potent as that achieved with roflumilast. asp3258 inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-a production in rat whole blood cells (ic(50)=8.8 ... | 2011 | 21315169 |
| a computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen (cobra) based h5n1 vlp vaccine elicits broadly reactive antibodies in mice and ferrets. | pandemic outbreaks of influenza are caused by the emergence of a pathogenic and transmissible virus to which the human population is immunologically naïve. recent outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) of the h5n1 subtype are of particular concern because of the high mortality rate (60% case fatality rate) and novel subtype. in order to develop a vaccine that elicits broadly reactive antibody responses against emerging h5n1 isolates, we utilized a novel antigen design technique te ... | 2011 | 21320540 |
| olivocochlear efferent control in sound localization and experience-dependent learning. | efferent auditory pathways have been implicated in sound localization and its plasticity. we examined the role of the olivocochlear system (oc) in horizontal sound localization by the ferret and in localization learning following unilateral earplugging. under anesthesia, adult ferrets underwent olivocochlear bundle section at the floor of the fourth ventricle, either at the midline or laterally (left). lesioned and control animals were trained to localize 1 s and 40 ms amplitude-roved broadband ... | 2011 | 21325517 |
| monoclonal antibodies to the haemagglutinin ha1 subunit of the pandemic influenza a/h1n1 2009 virus and potential application to serodiagnosis. | in order to provide specific serological reagents for pandemic influenza a/h1n1 2009 virus, monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to recombinant haemagglutinin component ha1 (rha1) were generated after fusing spleen cells from a mouse immunized with rha1 protein derived from influenza strain a/california/06/09 h1n1 with a mouse myeloma cell line. five hybridoma clones secreting mabs specific for the rha1 protein derived from pandemic influenza a/h1n1 2009 and not for rha1 from seasonal h1n1 influenza str ... | 2011 | 21328368 |
| application of a dense gas technique for sterilizing soft biomaterials. | sterilization of soft biomaterials such as hydrogels is challenging because existing methods such as gamma irradiation, steam sterilization, or ethylene oxide sterilization, while effective at achieving high sterility assurance levels (sal), may compromise their physicochemical properties and biocompatibility. new methods that effectively sterilize soft biomaterials without compromising their properties are therefore required. in this report, a dense-carbon dioxide (co(2) )-based technique was u ... | 2011 | 21337339 |
| avian and human influenza a virus receptors in trachea and lung of animals. | influenza a viruses are capable of crossing the specific barrier between human beings and animals resulting in interspecies transmission. the important factor of potential infectivity of influenza a viruses is the suitability of the receptor binding site of the host and viruses. the affinities of avian and human influenza virus to bind with the receptors and the distributions of receptors in animals are different. | 2010 | 21337915 |
| efficacy of seasonal live attenuated influenza vaccine against virus replication and transmission of a pandemic 2009 h1n1 virus in ferrets. | in march 2009, a swine origin influenza a (2009 h1n1) virus was introduced into the human population and quickly spread from north america to multiple continents. human serologic studies suggest that seasonal influenza virus vaccination or infection would provide little cross-reactive serologic immunity to the pandemic 2009 h1n1 virus. however, the efficacy of seasonal influenza infection or vaccination against 2009 h1n1 virus replication and transmission has not been adequately evaluated in viv ... | 2011 | 21338676 |
| insertion of a multibasic cleavage site in the haemagglutinin of human influenza h3n2 virus does not increase pathogenicity in ferrets. | a multibasic cleavage site (mbcs) in the haemagglutinin (ha) protein of influenza a virus is a key determinant of pathogenicity in chickens, and distinguishes highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) viruses from low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (lpai). an mbcs has only been detected in viruses of the h5 and h7 subtypes. here we investigated the phenotype of a human h3n2 virus with an mbcs in ha. insertion of an mbcs in the h3n2 virus resulted in cleavage of ha and efficient replication in ... | 2011 | 21346026 |
| molecular characterization of a new species in the genus alphacoronavirus associated with mink epizootic catarrhal gastroenteritis. | a coronavirus (cov) previously shown to be associated with catarrhal gastroenteritis in mink (mustela vison) was identified by electron microscopy in mink faeces from two fur farms in wisconsin and minnesota in 1998. a pan-coronavirus and a genus-specific rt-pcr assay were used initially to demonstrate that the newly discovered mink covs (mcovs) were members of the genus alphacoronavirus. subsequently, using a random rt-pcr approach, full-genomic sequences were generated that further confirmed t ... | 2011 | 21346029 |
| nonprimate animal models of h. pylori infection. | ever since the realization that helicobacter pylori was intimately associated with the development of gastritis and peptic ulcer disease in humans, there has been a need for a simple animal model in which modes of pathogenicity, transmission, immunization, and chemotherapeutic intervention can be evaluated. whereas small animals such as mice and rats are particularly well suited as experimental hosts for many infections, early studies suggested that h. pylori had a very narrow host range that di ... | 1997 | 21351037 |
| the nonhuman primate model for h. pylori infection. | helicobacter pylori establishes chronic infections in the human gastric mucosa that can last for decades, and that are a major cause of gastritis and peptic ulcer disease (pud) and a risk factor for gastric cancer. the importance of h. pylori as a human pathogen has led to major efforts to understand its interactions with its human host, including the development and use of various animal models. several heterologous models have been developed, including: 1. gnotobiotic newborn piglets, which ar ... | 1997 | 21351038 |
| human tracheal gland cells in primary culture. | for several years, tracheal gland cells have been cultured from different animal species, such as the cat (1), cow (2), and ferret (3). there are dlffer ences, however, in the structure and function of the various animal airways, rendering it difficult to extrapolate to humans. in this chapter, the author describes techniques that facilitate the isolation and culture of tracheal gland cells from humans. these techniques allow high reproducibility, optimal cell isolation, and high phenotypic expr ... | 1996 | 21359745 |
| effect of an asparagine-to-serine mutation at position 294 in neuraminidase on the pathogenicity of highly pathogenic h5n1 influenza a virus. | like the histidine-to-tyrosine substitution at position 274 in neuraminidase (na h274y), an asparagine-to-serine mutation at position 294 in this protein (na n294s) confers oseltamivir resistance to highly pathogenic h5n1 influenza a viruses. however, unlike viruses with the na h274y mutation, the properties of viruses possessing na n294s are not well understood. here, we assessed the effect of the na n294s substitution on the replication and pathogenicity of human h5n1 viruses and on the effica ... | 2011 | 21367898 |
| development and characterization of lyophilized dna vaccine formulations. | the potential applications of using plasmid dna for immunization and other gene therapy approaches have been discussed in an increasing number of publications in the past few years. injection of mouse muscle with naked dna (plasmid dna in saline) resulted in significant episomal expression from a number of encoded reporter genes such as firefly luciferase, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, and β-galactosidase (1). dna vaccination has been shown to induce neutralizing antibodies against the gene ... | 2000 | 21374306 |
| physiological interpretation of inductance and low-resistance terms in four-element windkessel models: assessment by generalized sensitivity function analysis. | physiological relevance of parameters of three arterial models, denominated w4p, w4s and ivw, was assessed by computation of parameter-related generalized sensitivity functions (gsfs), which allow the definition of heart-cycle time intervals where the information content of experimental data, useful for estimation of each model parameter, is concentrated. the w4p and w4s are derived from the three-element windkessel by connecting an inductance, l, in parallel or in series, respectively, with aor ... | 2011 | 21377401 |
| hormones of choice: the neuroendocrinology of partner preference in animals. | partner preference behavior can be viewed as the outcome of a set of hierarchical choices made by an individual in anticipation of mating. the first choice involves approaching a conspecific verses an individual of another species. as a rule, a conspecific is picked as a mating partner, but early life experiences can alter that outcome. within a species, an animal then has the choice between a member of the same sex or the opposite sex. the final choice is for a specific individual. this review ... | 2011 | 21377487 |
| clinical and pathologic features of neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis in a ferret (mustela putorius furo). | clinical and pathologic features of neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis in a 4-month-old ferret are reported. clinical signs including neurological symptoms appeared at 3 months of age and progressed rapidly. by magnetic resonance imaging, severe cerebral atrophy was recognized. histopathologically, there was severe neuronal loss and diffuse astrogliosis with macrophage accumulations; lesions were found predominantly in the cerebral cortex. intracytoplasmic pigments were observed in surviving neurons ... | 2011 | 21383119 |
| multiple genes contribute to the virulent phenotype observed in ferrets of an h5n1 influenza virus isolated from thailand in 2004. | human infections with highly pathogenic h5n1 avian influenza viruses continue to occur in many parts of the world and pose a considerable public health threat. with the use of animal models, the identification of virulence determinants has been instrumental in improving our understanding of how these viruses cause severe disease in humans. two genetically similar h5n1 viruses (a/thailand/16/2004 and a/thailand/sp83/2004) exhibit high or low virulence phenotypes, respectively, in multiple animal ... | 2011 | 21388650 |
| subclinical brain injury caused by h5n1 influenza virus infection. | although h5n1 influenza a viruses can cause systemic infection, their neurotropism and long-term effects on the central nervous system (cns) are not fully understood. we assessed h5n1viral invasion of the cns and its long-term effects in a ferret model. an h5n1 virus caused nonsuppurative encephalitis, which lasted for 3 months without neurologic signs. further, another h5n1 virus caused nonsuppurative vasculitis with brain hemorrhage. three-dimensional analysis of viral distribution in the brai ... | 2011 | 21389133 |
| risk for mycobacterium celatum infection from ferret. | 2011 | 21392459 | |
| cryptococcus gattii infection in a spanish pet ferret (mustela putorius furo) and asymptomatic carriage in ferrets and humans from its environment. | a domestic ferret (mustela putorius furo) was presented with lymphadenopathy and acute bilateral blindness. cytologic evaluation and biopsy of an affected lymph node revealed pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis with intralesional yeast consistent with cryptococcus sp. subsequent studies demonstrated cryptococcus gattii serotype b vgi/aflp4 as the causative agent. the ferret was treated with fluconazole and prednisone. after one month of therapy, an improvement of the clinical symptoms was detected al ... | 2011 | 21395475 |
| effect of receptor binding domain mutations on receptor binding and transmissibility of avian influenza h5n1 viruses. | although h5n1 influenza viruses have been responsible for hundreds of human infections, these avian influenza viruses have not fully adapted to the human host. the lack of sustained transmission in humans may be due, in part, to their avian-like receptor preference. here, we have introduced receptor binding domain mutations within the hemagglutinin (ha) gene of two h5n1 viruses and evaluated changes in receptor binding specificity by glycan microarray analysis. the impact of these mutations on r ... | 2011 | 21397290 |
| activity-dependent disruption of intersublaminar spaces and abakan expression does not impact functional on and off organization in the ferret retinogeniculate system. | in the adult visual system, functionally distinct retinal ganglion cells (rgcs) within each eye project to discrete targets in the brain. in the ferret, rgcs encoding light increments or decrements project to independent on and off sublaminae within each eye-specific layer of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dlgn). here we report a manipulation of retinal circuitry that alters rgc action potential firing patterns during development and eliminates the anatomical markers of segregated on and ... | 2011 | 21401945 |
| mutations affecting the stability of the haemagglutinin molecule impair the immunogenicity of live attenuated h3n2 intranasal influenza vaccine candidates lacking ns1. | the isolation and cultivation of human influenza viruses in embryonated hen eggs or cell lines often leads to amino acid substitutions in the haemagglutinin (ha) molecule. we found that the propagation of influenza a h3n2 viruses on vero cells may trigger the appearance of ha destabilising mutations, affecting viral resistance to low ph or high temperature treatment. two δns1 reassortants, containing the ha sequences identical to the original human h3n2 influenza virus isolates were constructed. ... | 2011 | 21406268 |
| a single base-pair change in 2009 h1n1 hemagglutinin increases human receptor affinity and leads to efficient airborne viral transmission in ferrets. | the 2009 h1n1 influenza a virus continues to circulate among the human population as the predominant h1n1 subtype. epidemiological studies and airborne transmission studies using the ferret model have shown that the transmission efficiency of 2009 h1n1 viruses is lower than that of previous seasonal strains and the 1918 pandemic h1n1 strain. we recently correlated this reduced transmission efficiency to the lower binding affinity of the 2009 h1n1 hemagglutinin (ha) to a2?6 sialylated glycan rece ... | 2011 | 21407805 |
| systemic dissemination of h5n1 influenza a viruses in ferrets and hamsters after direct intragastric inoculation. | although oral exposure to h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses is a risk factor for infection in humans, it is unclear how oral exposure to these virus results in lethal respiratory infections. to address this issue, we inoculated ferrets and hamsters with two highly pathogenic h5n1 strains. these viruses, inoculated directly into the stomach, were isolated from the large intestine and the mesenteric lymph nodes within 1 day of inoculation and subsequently spread to multiple tissues, i ... | 2011 | 21411541 |
| ns1-mediated delay of type i interferon induction contributes to influenza a virulence in ferrets. | interference of the influenza a virus non-structural protein ns1 with type i interferon (ifn) signalling has been characterized extensively in vitro. to assess the contribution of ns1 to the virulence of a specific strain, we generated recombinant ussr/90/77 viruses bearing the ns1 proteins of the attenuated strain pr/8/34 or the highly pathogenic strain 1918 'spanish flu', all belonging to the h1n1 subtype. in vitro, the extent of interference with type i ifn production exerted by the different ... | 2011 | 21411677 |
| webvision: the organization of the retina and visual system | the human visual system can detect and discriminate between an incredibly diverse assortment of stimuli that may be chromatic or achromatic, in motion or not, patterned or unpatterned, two-dimensional or three. remarkably, the neural end-product of visual stimuli impacting upon the retina is, in one sense, always the same. after the complexities of phototransduction, lateral interactions provided by horizontal and am ... | 1995 | 21413385 |
| learning stimulus intervals--adaptive timing of conditioned purkinje cell responses. | classical conditioning of motor responses, such as the eyeblink response, is an experimental model of associative learning and of adaptive timing of movements. a conditioned blink will have its maximum amplitude near the expected onset of the unconditioned blink-eliciting stimulus and it adapts to changes in the interval between the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli. previous studies have shown that an eyeblink conditioning protocol can make cerebellar purkinje cells learn to pause in respon ... | 2011 | 21416378 |
| β-cryptoxanthin supplementation prevents cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation, oxidative damage, and squamous metaplasia in ferrets. | in epidemiologic studies, high intake of β-cryptoxanthin has been associated with a decreased risk of lung cancer, particularly among current smokers. however, data are not available from well-controlled animal studies to examine the effects of β-cryptoxanthin on cigarette smoke-induced lung lesions, and the biological mechanisms by which β-cryptoxanthin might affect lung carcinogenesis. we evaluated the effects of β-cryptoxanthin supplementation on cigarette smoke-induced squamous metaplasia, i ... | 2011 | 21421799 |
| comparison of the blood coagulation profiles of ferrets and rats. | the aim of this study was to examine the blood coagulation profiles of ferrets and compare them with those of rats. the ferret activated partial thromboplastin time (aptt) was slightly longer than the rat aptt. in contrast, the ferret prothrombin time and thrombin time were profoundly shorter than the corresponding rat values. the fibrinogen level in ferret plasma was 2 times higher than that in rats. heparin prolonged all blood coagulation times in a concentration-dependent manner in both ferre ... | 2011 | 21427521 |
| streptococcus infection occurring in ferrets inoculated with human influenza virus. | 1935 | 21433668 | |
| whooping cough: observations on experimental infection in mice and on attempts at active immunization in mice and in ferrets. | 1938 | 21433762 | |
| the reaction of ferrets to inoculation with h. pertussis. | 1938 | 21433774 | |
| dapsone inhibits il-8 secretion from human bronchial epithelial cells stimulated with lps and resolves airway inflammation in the ferret. | abstract background: il-8 is an important activator and chemoattractant for neutrophils that is produced by normal human bronchial epithelial (nhbe) cells through mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) and nuclear factor-+¦b (nf-+¦b) p65 pathways. dapsone, a synthetic sulfone, is widely used to treat chronic neutrophil dermatoses. we investigated the effects of dapsone on polarized il-8 secretion from lps-stimulated nhbe cells, and further evaluated its ability to decrease lps-induced inflammat ... | 2011 | 21436242 |
| recovery from and clearance of rabies virus in a domestic ferret. | here we document the case of a domestic ferret (mustela putorius) that survived experimental inoculation with rabies virus of skunk origin. the ferret showed initial clinical signs of rabies (hindlimb paralysis) on day 81 after inoculation. the animal survived with paraplegia but otherwise was in an adequate nutritional state until the end of the observation period (pi day 181). at necropsy, no gross lesions were observed. microscopic lesions were found in sections of cerebrum and spinal cord. i ... | 2011 | 21439220 |
| animal models for influenza virus pathogenesis and transmission. | influenza virus infection of humans results in a respiratory disease that ranges in severity from sub-clinical infection to primary viral pneumonia that can result in death. the clinical effects of infection vary with the exposure history, age and immune status of the host, and also the virulence of the influenza strain. in humans, the virus is transmitted through either aerosol or contact-based transfer of infectious respiratory secretions. as is evidenced by most zoonotic influenza virus infec ... | 2010 | 21442033 |
| maintenance, spillover and spillback transmission of bovine tuberculosis in multi-host wildlife complexes: a new zealand case study. | the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (btb; mycobacterium bovis) has a broad host range. the role of each animal species in spreading the disease depends on how transmission occurs, on the abundance of each host, and on the interactions between hosts. this paper explores differences in the roles individual host species can play in allowing m. bovis infection to persist and spread within a multi-species complex, using new zealand as a case study. in new zealand, four wild mammal species are ... | 2011 | 21458931 |
| a miniaturized assay for influenza neuraminidase-inhibiting antibodies utilizing reverse genetics-derived antigens. | antibodies to neuraminidase (na) contribute to protection during influenza virus infection, but na inhibition (ni) titers are not routinely analyzed in vaccine trials. one reason is the cumbersome nature of the conventional thiobarbituric acid (tba) ni assay, which uses chemical methods to quantify free sialic acid following incubation of na with substrate in the presence of serum. in addition, the assay is complicated by the need to use virus of a hemagglutinin (ha) subtype novel to the host to ... | 2009 | 21462400 |
| phosphorylation and transport in the na-k-2cl cotransporters, nkcc1 and nkcc2a, compared in hek-293 cells. | na-k-2cl cotransporters help determine cell composition and volume. nkcc1 is widely distributed whilst nkcc2 is only found in the kidney where it plays a vital role reabsorbing 20% of filtered nacl. nkcc2 regulation is poorly understood because of its restricted distribution and difficulties with its expression in mammalian cell cultures. here we compare phosphorylation of the n-termini of the cotransporters, measured with phospho-specific antibodies, with bumetanide-sensitive transport of k(+) ... | 2011 | 21464992 |
| effects of diltiazem and propafenone on the inactivation and recovery kinetics of fkv1.4 channel currents expressed in xenopus oocytes. | to investigate the effects of diltiazem, an l-type calcium channel blocker, and propafenone, a sodium channel blocker, on the inactivation and recovery kinetics of fkv1.4, a potassium channel that generates the cardiac transient outward potassium current. | 2011 | 21468083 |
| microbiology of animal bite wound infections. | the microbiology of animal bite wound infections in humans is often polymicrobial, with a broad mixture of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. bacteria recovered from infected bite wounds are most often reflective of the oral flora of the biting animal, which can also be influenced by the microbiome of their ingested prey and other foods. bacteria may also originate from the victim's own skin or the physical environment at the time of injury. our review has focused on bite wound infections in ... | 2011 | 21482724 |
| chronic continuous positive airway pressure (cpap) reduces airway reactivity in vivo in an allergen induced rabbit model of asthma. | previous studies have demonstrated that chronic mechanical strain produced by continuous positive airway pressure (cpap) reduces in vivo airway reactivity in rabbits and ferrets. for cpap to potentially have a therapeutic benefit for asthmatic subjects, the reduction in airway responsiveness would need to persist for 12-24 hours after its discontinuation, require application for only part of the day, and be effective in the presence of atopic airway inflammation. in the current study, airway res ... | 2011 | 21493723 |
| lack of transmission of a human influenza virus with avian receptor specificity between ferrets is not due to decreased virus shedding, but rather a lower infectivity in vivo. | influenza virus attaches to host cells by sialic acid (sa). human influenza viruses show preferential affinity for α2,6 linked sa whereas avian influenza viruses bind α2,3 linked sa. mutation of the haemagglutinin receptor binding site of a human h3n2 influenza a virus to switch binding to α2,3 sa did not abrogate infection of ferrets but prevented transmission even in a co-housed model. the mutant virus was shed from the noses of ferrets directly inoculated with virus in the same amounts and fo ... | 2011 | 21508186 |
| restoration of fractured canines in ferrets after one-step root canal treatment. | this article describes a one-step root canal treatment and restoration of canine teeth in ferrets. standard brass posts were used for the reconstruction of the teeth. the procedures were performed by dentists according to all rules and procedures used in root canal treatment in humans. the teeth were immediately restored anatomically. the procedures were successfully performed in four ferrets aged between 6 and 20 months of age, in three upper and one lower canines. | 2011 | 21528724 |
| spermatogenesis in ferret testis xenografts: a new model. | testis xenografting is both a promising tool to study spermatogenesis and a means to preserve the genetic information and reproductive potential of prepubertal male animals. the present study was conducted to evaluate this technique using testis tissue from domestic ferrets, an important biomedical model and a model for the conservation of small carnivore species. fresh testis tissue from 8-wk-old ferrets was implanted ectopically under the skin on the backs of castrated nude mice and subsequent ... | 2011 | 21535925 |
| influenza virus aerosol exposure and analytical system for ferrets. | understanding the transmission ability of newly emerging influenza viruses is central to the development of public health preparedness and prevention strategies. animals are used to model influenza virus infection and transmission, but the routinely used intranasal inoculation of a liquid virus suspension does not reflect natural infection. we report the development of an inoculation method that delivers an influenza virus aerosol inoculum to ferrets and the characterization of size distribution ... | 2011 | 21536880 |
| migratory behavior of cells generated in ganglionic eminence cultures. | migration of cells is a common process that leads to the development and maturation of the vertebrate central nervous system (hatten, '99). the cerebral cortex consists of two basic neuronal types: excitatory and inhibitory. these cells arise in distinct areas and migrate into the cortex along different routes (pearlman et al., '98). inhibitory interneurons migrate tangentially from subcortical sources, mostly from different regions of the ganglionic eminences (gelman et al., '09; xu et al., '04 ... | 2011 | 21540821 |
| ferreting out stem cells from their niches. | over the past decade, it has become increasingly clear that many tissues have regenerative capabilities. the challenge has been to find the stem cells or progenitors that are responsible for tissue renewal and repair. the revolution in technological advances that permit sophisticated spatial, temporal and kinetic analyses of stem cells has allowed stem cell hunters to ferret out where stem cells live, and to monitor when they come and go from these hiding places. | 2011 | 21540847 |
| canine distemper matrix protein modulates particle infectivity, particle composition, and envelope distribution in polarized epithelial cells, and virulence. | in paramyxoviruses, the matrix (m) protein mediates the interaction between the envelope and internal proteins during particle assembly and egress. in measles virus (mev), m mutations such as in those found in sspe strains, and differences in vaccine and wild type m proteins can affect the strength of interaction with the envelope glycoproteins, assembly efficiency, and spread. however, the contribution of the m protein to virus replication and pathogenesis of the closely related canine distempe ... | 2011 | 21543493 |
| pulmonary pathology of pandemic influenza a/h1n1 virus (2009) infected ferrets upon longitudinal evaluation by computed tomography. | we investigated the development of pulmonary lesions in ferrets following infection with the 2009 pandemic a/h1n1 influenza virus by means of computed tomography (ct) and compared the scans with gross pathology, histopathology and immunohistochemistry. ground-glass opacities observed by ct-scanning in all infected lungs corresponded to areas of alveolar edema at necropsy. these areas were most pronounced on day 3 and gradually decreased from day 4 to day 7 post-infection. this pilot study shows ... | 2011 | 21543558 |
| intranasal immunization of ferrets with commercial trivalent influenza vaccines formulated in a nanoemulsion-based adjuvant. | nb-1008 is a surfactant-stabilized soybean oil-in-water nanoemulsion (ne) adjuvant with influenza antigen incorporated into the ne by simple mixing. intranasal administration of the antigen with ne adjuvant efficiently produces both mucosal and serum antibody responses as well as a robust cellular th1 immune response. to demonstrate the adjuvant effect of the w(80)5ec ne, a killed commercial influenza vaccine for intramuscular administration (fluzone® or fluvirin®), were mixed with the w(80)5ec ... | 2011 | 21543588 |
| a new experimental infection model in ferrets based on aerosolised mycobacterium bovis. | there is significant interest in developing vaccines to control bovine tuberculosis, especially in wildlife species where this disease continues to persist in reservoir species such as the european badger (meles meles). however, gaining access to populations of badgers (protected under uk law) is problematic and not always possible. in this study, a new infection model has been developed in ferrets (mustela furo), a species which is closely related to the badger. groups of ferrets were infected ... | 2011 | 21547237 |
| measurement of fluid secretion from intact airway submucosal glands. | human airways are kept sterile by a mucosal innate defense system that includes mucus secretion. mucus is secreted in healthy upper airways primarily by submucosal glands and consists of defense molecules mixed with mucins, electrolytes, and water and is also a major component of sputum. mucus traps pathogens and mechanically removes them via mucociliary clearance while inhibiting their growth via molecular (e.g., lysozyme) and cellular (e.g., neutrophils, macrophages) defenses. fluid secretion ... | 2011 | 21547728 |
| comparative biology of cystic fibrosis animal models. | animal models of human diseases are critical for dissecting mechanisms of pathophysiology and developing therapies. in the context of cystic fibrosis (cf), mouse models have been the dominant species by which to study cf disease processes in vivo for the past two decades. although much has been learned through these cf mouse models, limitations in the ability of this species to recapitulate spontaneous lung disease and several other organ abnormalities seen in cf humans have created a need for a ... | 2011 | 21547741 |
| environmental enrichment affects adrenocortical stress responses in the endangered black-footed ferret. | potential stressors of wildlife living in captivity, such as artificial living conditions and frequent human contact, may lead to a higher occurrence of disease and reduced reproductive function. one successful method used by wildlife managers to improve general well-being is the provision of environmental enrichment, which is the practice of providing animals under managed care with environmental stimuli. the black-footed ferret (mustela nigripes) is a highly-endangered carnivore species that w ... | 2011 | 21549121 |
| a mathematical framework for estimating pathogen transmission fitness and inoculum size using data from a competitive mixtures animal model. | we present a method to measure the relative transmissibility ("transmission fitness") of one strain of a pathogen compared to another. the model is applied to data from "competitive mixtures" experiments in which animals are co-infected with a mixture of two strains. we observe the mixture in each animal over time and over multiple generations of transmission. we use data from influenza experiments in ferrets to demonstrate the approach. assessment of the relative transmissibility between two st ... | 2011 | 21552544 |
| luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone neurons which are r-etrogradely labeled after peripheral fluoro-gold administration in the male ferret. | this study identified luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (lhrh)-producing neurons which have access to fenestrated capillaries in prepubertal male european ferrets. fluoro-gold was injected intraperitoneally to retrogradely label neurons with terminals outside the blood-brain barrier. lhrh neurons were identified by immunofluorescence using a secondary antibody tagged with tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate. cell bodies which demonstrated both tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate and fluoro-g ... | 1992 | 21554662 |
| binaural sensitivity changes between cortical on and off responses. | neurons exhibiting on and off responses with different frequency tuning have previously been described in the primary auditory cortex (a1) of anesthetized and awake animals, but it is unknown whether other tuning properties, including sensitivity to binaural localization cues, also differ between on and off responses. we measured the sensitivity of a1 neurons in anesthetized ferrets to 1) interaural level differences (ilds), using unmodulated broadband noise with varying ilds and average binaura ... | 2011 | 21562191 |
| working ferrets: forgotten and neglected? | 2011 | 21571853 | |
| increasing numbers of giardia (but not coccidian) infections in ferrets, 2002 to 2010. | 2011 | 21571856 | |
| comparative pathology in ferrets infected with h1n1 influenza a viruses isolated from different hosts. | virus replication and pulmonary disease pathogenesis in ferrets following intranasal infection with a pandemic influenza strain (a/california/4/09; ca09), a human seasonal influenza h1n1 isolate (a/new caledonia/20/99; ncal99), a classical swine influenza h1n1 isolate (a/swine/iowa/15/30; sw30), or an avian h1n1 isolate (a/mallard/mn/a108-2355/08; mal08) were compared. nasal wash virus titers were similar for ncal99 and sw30 with peak virus titers of 10(5.1) tcid(50)/ml and 10(5.5) tcid(50)/ml o ... | 2011 | 21593156 |
| developmental sculpting of dendritic morphology of layer 4 neurons in visual cortex: influence of retinal input. | dendritic morphology determines the kinds of input a neuron receives, having a profound impact on neural information processing. in the mammalian cerebral cortex, excitatory neurons have been ascribed to one of two main dendritic morphologies, either pyramidal or stellate, which differ mainly on the extent of the apical dendrite. developmental mechanisms regulating the emergence and refinement of dendritic morphologies have been studied for cortical pyramidal neurons, but little is known for spi ... | 2011 | 21593329 |
| ["snooping" analysts and the project of a rivalling journal. two little known aspects of the rank crisis (1924)]. | this paper details 1) the attempts of berlin analysts to ferret out information about rank's technique by interviewing one of his analysands, and 2) berlin plans to found a new journal called psychoanalytische klinik. | 2011 | 21598593 |
| ferret respiratory system: clinical anatomy, physiology, and disease. | the upper and lower respiratory tracts of ferrets have several similarities to humans, and therefore have been used as a research model for respiratory function. this article describes the clinical anatomy and physiology, and common respiratory diseases of the ferret. | 2011 | 21601818 |
| pyogranulomatous pleuropneumonia and mediastinitis in ferrets (mustela putorius furo) associated with pseudomonas luteola infection. | between 2008 and 2009, three pet ferrets from different sources presented with acute episode of dyspnoea. cytological examination of pleural exudates revealed severe purulent inflammation with abundant clusters of rod-shaped microorganisms with a clear surrounding halo. treatment was ineffective and the ferrets died 2-5 days later. two ferrets were subjected to necropsy examination, which revealed pyothorax, mediastinal lymphadenopathy and multiple white nodules (1-2mm) in the lungs. microscopic ... | 2011 | 21601873 |
| high frequency stimulation abolishes thalamic network oscillations: an electrophysiological and computational analysis. | deep brain stimulation (dbs) of the thalamus has been demonstrated to be effective for the treatment of epilepsy. to investigate the mechanism of action of thalamic dbs, we examined the effects of high frequency stimulation (hfs) on spindle oscillations in thalamic brain slices from ferrets. we recorded intracellular and extracellular electrophysiological activity in the nucleus reticularis thalami (nrt) and in thalamocortical relay (tc) neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus, stimulated the ... | 2011 | 21623007 |
| retinal origin of orientation maps in visual cortex. | the orientation map is a hallmark of primary visual cortex in higher mammals. it is not yet known how orientation maps develop, what function they have in visual processing and why some species lack them. here we advance the notion that quasi-periodic orientation maps are established by moiré interference of regularly spaced on- and off-center retinal ganglion cell mosaics. a key prediction of the theory is that the centers of iso-orientation domains must be arranged in a hexagonal lattice on th ... | 2011 | 21623365 |
| improvement of h5n1 influenza vaccine viruses: influence of internal gene segments of avian and human origin on production and hemagglutinin content. | the h5n1-clade 1 influenza vaccine strain nibrg-14 produces exceptionally low amounts of antigen, a problem recently encountered also for initial pandemic h1n1-2009 vaccine seeds. here, we report on a strategy that may contribute to overcome this obstacle. influenza vaccine viruses usually consist of two segments coding for the antigenic ha and na proteins of a wild-type strain and the six residual internal gene segments of the vaccine donor strain a/pr/8/34 (pr8). to enhance the antigen yield f ... | 2011 | 21624413 |
| assessment of the efficacy of the neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir against 2009 pandemic h1n1 influenza virus in ferrets. | pandemic 2009 influenza a (h1n1) virus (h1n1pdm) is different from contemporary seasonal human viruses in that it can cause infection deep in the lungs of critical care patients. here we establish a mammalian animal model and assessed the efficacy of the neuraminidase (na) inhibitor oseltamivir treatment against h1n1pdm virus infection. oseltamivir (25mg/kg/day twice daily for 5days) was orally administered to groups of ferrets, starting either 2 or 24h after inoculation with 10(6)pfu of a/calif ... | 2011 | 21635924 |
| pathogenesis of influenza a/h5n1 virus infection in ferrets differs between intranasal and intratracheal routes of inoculation. | most patients infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza a/h5n1 virus develop severe pneumonia resulting in acute respiratory distress syndrome, with extrarespiratory disease as an uncommon complication. intranasal inoculation of ferrets with influenza a/h5n1 virus causes lesions in both the respiratory tract and extrarespiratory organs (primarily brain). however, the route of spread to extrarespiratory organs and the relative contribution of extrarespiratory disease to pathogenicity are la ... | 2011 | 21640972 |
| the first report of mycobacterium celatum isolation from domestic pig (sus scrofa domestica) and roe deer (capreolus capreolus) and an overview of human infections in slovenia. | mycobacterium celatum, a slowly growing potentially pathogenic mycobacterium first described in humans, is regarded as an uncommon cause of human infection, though capable of inducing invasive disease in immunocompromised hosts. according to some reports, a serious disease due to m. celatum may also occur in individuals with no apparent immunodeficiency. in animals, an m. celatum-related disease has been described in three cases only: twice in a domestic ferret (mustela putorius furo) and once i ... | 2011 | 21647336 |
| gene and cell therapy for cystic fibrosis: from bench to bedside. | clinical trials in cystic fibrosis (cf) patients established proof-of-principle for transfer of the wild-type cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (cftr) gene to airway epithelial cells. however, the limited efficacy of gene transfer vectors as well as extra- and intracellular barriers have prevented the development of a gene therapy-based treatment for cf. here, we review the use of new viral and nonviral gene therapy vectors, as well as human artificial chromosomes, to overcome ... | 2011 | 21658631 |
| mouse models of cystic fibrosis: phenotypic analysis and research applications. | genetically modified mice have been studied for more than fifteen years as models of cystic fibrosis (cf). the large amount of experimental data generated illuminates the complex multi-organ pathology of cf and raises new questions relevant to human disease. cf mice have also been used to test experimental therapies prior to clinical trials. this review recapitulates the major phenotypic traits of cf mice and highlights important new findings including aberrant alveolar macrophages, bone and car ... | 2011 | 21658634 |
| combined ╬▒-tocopherol and ascorbic acid protects against smoke-induced lung squamous metaplasia in ferrets. | many epidemiological studies show the benefit of fruits and vegetables on reducing risk of lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer death in the united states. previously, we demonstrated that cigarette smoke exposure (sm)-induced lung lesions in ferrets were prevented by a combination of low dose of ╬▓-carotene, ╬▒-tocopherol (at), and ascorbic acid (aa). however, the role of a combination of at and aa alone in the protective effect on lung carcinogenesis remains to be examined. in the present ... | 2011 | 21665318 |
| extrahepatic biliary tract obstruction in two ferrets (mustela putorius furo). | this report describes extrahepatic bile duct obstruction in two ferrets, which were presented with anorexia, chronic weight loss and general weakness. physical examination revealed lethargy, cachexia, dehydration, abdominal pain and icterus. marked haematological, serum chemistry and urinalysis abnormalities included hyperbilirubinaemia (65…5 and 114…2 μmol/l), high concentrations of alanine transaminase (1327…53 and 2578…88 iu/l) and biluribinuria. abdominal ultrasonography revealed thicke ... | 2011 | 21671943 |
| live attenuated pandemic influenza vaccine: clinical studies on a/17/california/2009/38 (h1n1) and licensing of the russian-developed technology to who for pandemic influenza preparedness in developing countries. | in february 2009, nobilon granted the world health organization (who) a non-exclusive licence to develop, register, manufacture, use and sell seasonal a pandemic live attenuated influenza vaccine (laiv) produced on embryonated chicken eggs. who was permitted to grant sub-licences to vaccine manufacturers in developing countries within the framework of its influenza vaccine technology transfer initiative. in parallel, the institute of experimental medicine (iem), russia, concluded an agreement wi ... | 2011 | 21684428 |
| denoising two-photon calcium imaging data. | two-photon calcium imaging is now an important tool for in vivo imaging of biological systems. by enabling neuronal population imaging with subcellular resolution, this modality offers an approach for gaining a fundamental understanding of brain anatomy and physiology. proper analysis of calcium imaging data requires denoising, that is separating the signal from complex physiological noise. to analyze two-photon brain imaging data, we present a signal plus colored noise model in which the signal ... | 2011 | 21687727 |
| enhanced immunogenicity, mortality protection, and reduced viral brain invasion by alum adjuvant with an h5n1 split-virion vaccine in the ferret. | pre-pandemic development of an inactivated, split-virion avian influenza vaccine is challenged by the lack of pre-existing immunity and the reduced immunogenicity of some h5 hemagglutinins compared to that of seasonal influenza vaccines. identification of an acceptable effective adjuvant is needed to improve immunogenicity of a split-virion avian influenza vaccine. | 2011 | 21687736 |
| contrast gain control in auditory cortex. | the auditory system must represent sounds with a wide range of statistical properties. one important property is the spectrotemporal contrast in the acoustic environment: the variation in sound pressure in each frequency band, relative to the mean pressure. we show that neurons in ferret auditory cortex rescale their gain to partially compensate for the spectrotemporal contrast of recent stimulation. when contrast is low, neurons increase their gain, becoming more sensitive to small changes in t ... | 2011 | 21689603 |
| a recombinant hendra virus g glycoprotein-based subunit vaccine protects ferrets from lethal hendra virus challenge. | the henipaviruses, hendra virus (hev) and nipah virus (niv), are two deadly zoonotic viruses for which no vaccines or therapeutics have yet been approved for human or livestock use. in 14 outbreaks since 1994 hev has been responsible for multiple fatalities in horses and humans, with all known human infections resulting from close contact with infected horses. a vaccine that prevents virus shedding in infected horses could interrupt the chain of transmission to humans and therefore prevent hev d ... | 2011 | 21689706 |
| oral examination results in rescued ferrets: clinical findings. | ferrets have increased in popularity as pets, and a growing number are seen in companion animal practice. domestic ferrets are commonly used as animal models for research of human oral conditions. the present study evaluated the prevalence of oral pathology in rescued ferrets which - to the authors' knowledge - has not yet been described in the scientific literature. conscious oral examination was performed on 63 ferrets, of which 49 underwent general anesthesia for further examination. the most ... | 2011 | 21696122 |
| time course of classically conditioned purkinje cell response is determined by initial part of conditioned stimulus. | classical conditioning of a motor response such as eyeblink is associated with the development of a pause in cerebellar purkinje cell firing that is an important driver of the overt response. this conditioned purkinje cell response is adaptively timed and has a specific temporal profile that probably explains the time course of the overt behavior. it is generally assumed that the temporal properties of the conditioned purkinje cell response are determined by the temporal pattern of the parallel ... | 2011 | 21697357 |