Publications

TitleAbstractYear
Filter
PMID(sorted ascending)
Filter
state of the foreign gene and of the genome in transgenic rice (oryza sativa l.).pcr with random primers (rapd analysis) performed on the dna of embryogenic and non-embryogenic suspension cultured rice and of transformed rice plants allows the evaluation of the extent of dna changes in the different biological materials. this is thus suggested as a convenient approach, in combination with restriction analysis and southerns blotting, to evaluate the integrity of the foreign gene, the stability of the insertion site and the stability of the whole genome.199322358675
in search of function for hypothetical proteins encoded by genes of sa-ja pathways in oryza sativa by in silico comparison and structural modeling.knowledge of rice genome brings new dimensions to the management of abiotic stresses; however, gene sequences in the rice genome are yet to be assigned structure and function. hydrogen peroxide, salicylates and jasmonates act as signal molecules in plants employing common machinery to manage abiotic stress. the present work is primarily focused to assign a structurefunction relationship by modeling of the hypothetical proteins of sa-ja signaling pathway known in arabidopsis thaliana and compare ...201222359427
a built-in mechanism to mitigate the spread of insect-resistance and herbicide-tolerance transgenes into weedy rice populations.the major challenge of cultivating genetically modified (gm) rice (oryza sativa) at the commercial scale is to prevent the spread of transgenes from gm cultivated rice to its coexisting weedy rice (o. sativa f. spontanea). the strategic development of gm rice with a built-in control mechanism can mitigate transgene spread in weedy rice populations.201222359609
genome-wide analysis of the complex transcriptional networks of rice developing seeds.the development of rice (oryza sativa) seed is closely associated with assimilates storage and plant yield, and is fine controlled by complex regulatory networks. exhaustive transcriptome analysis of developing rice embryo and endosperm will help to characterize the genes possibly involved in the regulation of seed development and provide clues of yield and quality improvement.201222363552
different localization patterns of anthocyanin species in the pericarp of black rice revealed by imaging mass spectrometry.black rice (oryza sativa l. japonica) contains high levels of anthocyanins in the pericarp and is considered an effective health-promoting food. several studies have identified the molecular species of anthocyanins in black rice, but information about the localization of each anthocyanin species is limited because methodologies for investigating the localization such as determining specific antibodies to anthocyanin, have not yet been developed matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging ...201222363605
identification of two phytotoxins, blumenol a and grasshopper ketone, in the allelopathic japanese rice variety awaakamai.aqueous methanol extracts of the traditional rice (oryza sativa) variety awaakamai, which is known to have the greatest allelopathic activity among japanese traditional rice varieties, inhibited the growth of roots and shoots of cress (lepidium sativum), lettuce (lactuca sativa), timothy (phleum pratense), digitaria sanguinalis, lolium multiflorum and echinochloa crus-galli. increasing the extract concentration increased the inhibition, suggesting that the extract of awaakamai contains growth in ...201222364828
ethnoveterinary remedies of diseases among milk yielding animals in kathua, jammu and kashmir, india.the triangle of relationship between human beings, animals and plants has existed for ages, and has given rise to intense-relationships and consequently rich traditions of ethnoveterinary knowledge throughout the world. the predominantly rural population and the strong agricultural base have provided unique situation for rich ethnoveterinary practices in the study area.201222366093
oligomerization of the reversibly glycosylated polypeptide: its role during rice plant development and in the regulation of self-glycosylation.a multigenic family of self-glycosylating proteins named reversibly glycosylated polypeptides, designated as rgps, have been usually associated with carbohydrate metabolism, although they are an enigma both at the functional, as well as at the structural level. in this work, we used biochemical approaches to demonstrate that complex formation is linked to rice plant development, in which class 1 oryza sativa rgp (osrgp) would be involved in an early stage of growing plants, while class 2 osrgp w ...201322367534
in-depth molecular and phenotypic characterization in a rice insertion line library facilitates gene identification through reverse and forward genetics approaches.we report here the molecular and phenotypic features of a library of 31,562 insertion lines generated in the model japonica cultivar nipponbare of rice (oryza sativa l.), called oryza tag line (otl). sixteen thousand eight hundred and fourteen t-dna and 12,410 tos17 discrete insertion sites have been characterized in these lines. we estimate that 8686 predicted gene intervals--i.e. one-fourth to one-fifth of the estimated rice nontransposable element gene complement--are interrupted by sequence- ...201222369597
lox genes in blast fungus (magnaporthe grisea) resistance in rice.plant lipoxygenases (lox) are known to play major role in plant immunity by providing front-line defense against pathogen-induced injury. to verify this, we isolated a full-length oslox3 gene and also 12 oslox cdna clones from oryza sativa indica (cultivar pusa basmati 1). we have examined the role played by loxs in plant development and during attack by blast pathogen magnaporthe grisea. gene expression, promoter region analysis, and biochemical and protein structure analysis of isolated oslox3 ...201222370743
molecular and culture-dependent analyses revealed similarities in the endophytic bacterial community composition of leaves from three rice (oryza sativa) varieties.the endophytic bacterial communities of the three most important rice varieties cultivated in uruguay were compared by a multiphasic approach. leaves of mature plants grown in field experiments for two consecutive crop seasons were studied. no significant differences were found in the heterotrophic bacterial density for the three varieties. pantoea ananatis and pseudomonas syringae constituted 51% of the total of the isolates. these species were always present regardless of the variety or the se ...201222375835
targeted disruption of an orthologue of domains rearranged methylase 2, osdrm2, impairs the growth of rice plants by abnormal dna methylation.recent methylome analyses of the entire arabidopsis thaliana genome using various mutants have provided detailed information about the dna methylation pattern and its function. however, information about dna methylation in other plants is limited, partly because of the lack of mutants. to study dna methylation in rice (oryza sativa) we applied homologous recombination-mediated gene targeting to generate targeted disruptants of osdrm2, a rice orthologue of domains rearranged methylase 1 and 2 (dr ...201222380881
[progress in cre/lox site-specific recombination system in higher eukaryotes].cre/lox system derived from p1 bacteriaphage can quickly and effectively achieve gene insertion, deletion, replacement, and inversion by means of site-specific recombination. as one of the most important tools for gene targeting at present, cre/lox system has been widely used in arabidopsis thaliana, oryza sativa l., mus musculus, drosophila melanogaster, danio rerio, and other higher eukaryotic organisms. this review roundly described the basic profile of cre/lox system, and its application in ...201222382059
[characteristics and molecular mapping of a novel chlorophyll-deficient yellow-leaf mutant in rice].a yellow-leaf mutant (yl11) with chlorophyll-deficient in rice (oryza sativa l.) was selected from the progeny of a japonica rice variety "jiahua 1" treated with 60co γ-radiation. in comparison with the wild-type parent, "jiahua 1", the mutant had yellow-leaves at whole growth stages and displayed significantly decreased in chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate. underdeveloped chloroplast and alterations of the major agronomic traits, such as plant-heights, were also observed in the mu ...201222382064
rice asr1 protein with reactive oxygen species scavenging and chaperone-like activities enhances acquired tolerance to abiotic stresses in saccharomyces cerevisiae.abscisic acid stress ripening (asr1) protein is a small hydrophilic, low molecular weight, and stress-specific plant protein. the gene coding region of asr1 protein, which is induced under high salinity in rice (oryza sativa ilmi), was cloned into a yeast expression vector pvtu260 and transformed into yeast cells. heterologous expression of asr1 protein in transgenic yeast cells improved tolerance to abiotic stresses including hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)), high salinity (nacl), heat shock, menad ...201222382682
characterization of genes involved in cytokinin signaling and metabolism from rice.two-component signaling elements play important roles in plants, including a central role in cytokinin signaling. we characterized two-component elements from the monocot rice (oryza sativa) using several complementary approaches. phylogenetic analysis reveals relatively simple orthologous relationships among the histidine kinases in rice and arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana). in contrast, the histidine-containing phosphotransfer proteins (oshps) and response regulators (osrrs) display a higher ...201222383541
loss of cellulose synthase-like f6 function affects mixed-linkage glucan deposition, cell wall mechanical properties, and defense responses in vegetative tissues of rice.mixed-linkage glucan (mlg) is a cell wall polysaccharide containing a backbone of unbranched (1,3)- and (1,4)-linked β-glucosyl residues. based on its occurrence in plants and chemical characteristics, mlg has primarily been associated with the regulation of cell wall expansion due to its high and transient accumulation in young, expanding tissues. the cellulose synthase-like f (cslf) subfamily of glycosyltransferases has previously been implicated in mediating the biosynthesis of this polymer. ...201222388489
two novel positive cis-regulatory elements involved in green tissue-specific promoter activity in rice (oryza sativa l ssp.).in plant genetic engineering, using tissue-specific promoters to control the expression of target gene is an effective way to avoid potential negative effects of using constitutive promoter, such as metabolic burden and so on. however, until now, there are few tissue-specific promoters with strong and reliable expression that could be used in crop biotechnology application. in this study, based on microarray and rt-pcr data, we identified a rice green tissue-specific expression gene dx1 (loc_os1 ...201222388917
biochemical and physiological responses of rice (oryza sativa l.) as influenced by trichoderma harzianum under drought stress.rice is one of the most important food crops drastically affected by drought in lowland rice ecosystems. in the present study, the impact of drought tolerant isolates of endophytic fungus trichoderma harzianum on rice response to drought was investigated. out of 43 trichoderma isolates studied, only five isolates viz., th 56, th 69, th 75, th 82 and th 89 were selected to be drought tolerant as these were able to colonize well on cow dung at low moisture content of 10-20 percent, though two isol ...201222391125
phytotoxicity of arsenate and salinity on early seedling growth of rice (oryza sativa l.): a threat to sustainable rice cultivation in south and south-east asia.arsenic (as) contamination is an important environmental consequence in some parts of salinity-affected south (s) and south-east (se) asia. in this study, we investigated the individual and combined phytotoxicity of arsenic (as) [arsenate; as(v)] and salinity (nacl) on early seedling growth (esg) of saline-tolerant and non-tolerant rice varieties. germination percentage (gp), germination speed (gs) and vigor index (vi) of both saline-tolerant and non-tolerant rice varieties decreased significant ...201222395199
osmyb2p-1, an r2r3 myb transcription factor, is involved in the regulation of phosphate-starvation responses and root architecture in rice.an r2r3 myb transcription factor, osmyb2p-1, was identified from microarray data by monitoring the expression profile of rice (oryza sativa ssp. japonica) seedlings exposed to phosphate (pi)-deficient medium. expression of osmyb2p-1 was induced by pi starvation. osmyb2p-1 was localized in the nuclei and exhibited transcriptional activation activity. overexpression of osmyb2p-1 in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) and rice enhanced tolerance to pi starvation, while suppression of osmyb2p-1 by rn ...201222395576
natural variation in hd17, a homolog of arabidopsis elf3 that is involved in rice photoperiodic flowering.flowering time of rice depends strongly on photoperiodic responses. we previously identified a quantitative trait locus, heading date 17 (hd17), that is associated with a difference in flowering time between japanese rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars. here, we show that the difference may result from a single nucleotide polymorphism within a putative gene that encodes a homolog of the arabidopsis early flowering 3 protein, which plays important roles in maintaining circadian rhythms. our results ...201222399582
rapid determination of endogenous cytokinins in plant samples by combination of magnetic solid phase extraction with hydrophilic interaction chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.a 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (fe₃o₄/sio₂/p(amps-co-egdma)) copolymer was prepared and used as a magnetic solid phase extraction (mspe) medium for recovery of endogenous cytokinins (cks) from plant extracts. this magnetic porous polymer was characterized by electron microscopy, nitrogen sorption experiments, elemental analysis and fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy. it was demonstrated to have high extraction capacity toward cks in plants ...201222401906
protocol for in vitro somatic embryogenesis and regeneration of rice (oryza sativa l.).development of highly efficient and reproducible plant regeneration system has tremendous potential to provide improved technology to assist in genetic transformation of indica rice cultivars for their further exploitation in selection. for the development of a highly reproducible regeneration system through somatic embryogenesis, mature embryos of highly popular rice cultivars i.e., govind (for rainfed areas), pusa basmati-1 (aromatic basmati) and jaya (for irrigated areas) were used. optimum c ...201122403871
the effects of cerium on the growth and some antioxidant metabolisms in rice seedlings.the aims of the present study are to investigate the effects of ce(3+) on the growth and some antioxidant metabolisms in rice seedlings (oryza sativa l. cv shengdao 16).201222407417
genetic control of seed shattering in rice by the apetala2 transcription factor shattering abortion1.seed shattering is an important agricultural trait in crop domestication. sh4 (for grain shattering quantitative trait locus on chromosome 4) and qsh1 (for quantitative trait locus of seed shattering on chromosome 1) genes have been identified as required for reduced seed shattering during rice (oryza sativa) domestication. however, the regulatory pathways of seed shattering in rice remain unknown. here, we identified a seed shattering abortion1 (shat1) mutant in a wild rice introgression line. ...201222408071
the mads29 transcription factor regulates the degradation of the nucellus and the nucellar projection during rice seed development.the mads box transcription factors are critical regulators of rice (oryza sativa) reproductive development. here, we here report the functional characterization of a rice mads box family member, mads29, which is preferentially expressed in the nucellus and the nucellar projection. suppressed expression of mads29 resulted in abnormal seed development; the seeds were shrunken, displayed a low grain-filling rate and suppressed starch biosynthesis, and contained abnormal starch granules. detailed an ...201222408076
chloroplast genome sequence confirms distinctness of australian and asian wild rice.cultivated rice (oryza sativa) is an aa genome oryza species that was most likely domesticated from wild populations of o. rufipogon in asia. o. rufipogon and o. meridionalis are the only aa genome species found within australia and occur as widespread populations across northern australia. the chloroplast genome sequence of o. rufipogon from asia and australia and o. meridionalis and o. australiensis (an australian member of the genus very distant from o. sativa) was obtained by massively paral ...201222408737
rice lgd1 containing rna binding activity affects growth and development through alternative promoters.tiller initiation and panicle development are important agronomical traits for grain production in oryza sativa l. (rice), but their regulatory mechanisms are not yet fully understood. in this study, t-dna mutant and rnai transgenic approaches were used to functionally characterize a unique rice gene, lagging growth and development 1 (lgd1). the lgd1 mutant showed slow growth, reduced tiller number and plant height, altered panicle architecture and reduced grain yield. the fewer unelongated inte ...201222409537
genotypic variation and relationships between quality traits and trace elements in traditional and improved rice (oryza sativa l.) genotypes.in this study, we assessed the extent of genotypic differences among rice genotypes for grain size, milling quality, cooking properties, protein, and the mineral contents of fe, zn, mn, and cu in unpolished rice varieties. further, relationship among grain quality traits and mineral contents was determined. the results showed that the visible difference could be found in the mineral contents among rice genotypes studied. the contents of fe and zn in traditional genotypes were significantly highe ...201122417360
leaf ascorbic acid level--is it really important for ozone tolerance in rice?leaf ascorbic acid (asa) level is thought to be an important trait conferring stress tolerance in plants, but definite evidence regarding its effectiveness in the breeding of stress tolerant crops is lacking. therefore, the stress response of a rice tos17 insertion mutant (nd6172) for a gdp-d-mannose-3',5'-epimerase gene, which is involved in asa biosynthesis, was tested. two fumigation experiments were conducted, in which rice plants (oryza sativa l.) were exposed to (i) high ozone for ten days ...201222417733
a computational analysis on lectin and histone h1 protein of different pulse species as well as comparative study with rice for balanced diet.the issue of balanced nutrition is of great concern to human. meat and fish are the best sources of protein. the affordability of these resources for people in developing countries is less. thus, there is an increasing interest in pulses and its derivates as an alternative to fish and meat. lectin and histone h1 are the most common proteins in various pulses and our interest is in identifying the dominant essential amino acids in them for use as supplements. however, actin and lectin are common ...201222419840
dynamic nucleotide-binding site and leucine-rich repeat-encoding genes in the grass family.the proper use of resistance genes (r genes) requires a comprehensive understanding of their genomics and evolution. we analyzed genes encoding nucleotide-binding sites and leucine-rich repeats in the genomes of rice (oryza sativa), maize (zea mays), sorghum (sorghum bicolor), and brachypodium distachyon. frequent deletions and translocations of r genes generated prevalent presence/absence polymorphism between different accessions/species. the deletions were caused by unequal crossover, homologo ...201222422941
investigation of the differences in thermal stability of two recombinant human serum albumins with 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine liposomes by uv circular dichroism spectropolarimetry.previous studies have demonstrated that liposome-protein interactions can result in changes to the thermal stability of the protein. we utilized far-uv circular dichroism spectropolarimetry and fluorescence spectroscopy to investigate the interaction of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (dppc) liposomes with two recombinant human serum albumins (rhsa). we demonstrate that rhsa expressed in oryza sativa (osrhsa) has improved secondary structure thermal stability compared to rhsa express ...201222423959
comparative phytotoxicity of rac-metolachlor and s-metolachlor on rice seedlings.the toxicity of rac-metolachlor and s-metolachlor on rice (iiyou92, oryza sativa l.) seedlings was determined and compared in a hydroponics experiment. the elongation of shoot, main root, and the number of lateral roots were inhibited in both rac- and s-metolachlor treatments. the 96 h- ic50 of rac- and s-metolachlor were 12.32 and 9.44 μm for shoot, and 4.69 and 1.75 μm for root, respectively. the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll of leaf treated by rac-metolachlor w ...201222424066
heat shock-induced biphasic ca(2+) signature and oscam1-1 nuclear localization mediate downstream signalling in acquisition of thermotolerance in rice (oryza sativa l.).we investigated heat shock (hs)-triggered ca(2+) signalling transduced by a ca(2+) sensor, calmodulin (cam), linked to early transcriptome changes of hs-responsive genes in rice. we observed a biphasic [ca(2+) ](cyt) signature in root cells that was distinct from that in epicotyl and leaf cells, which showed a monophasic response after hs. treatment with ca(2+) and a23187 generated an intense and sustained increase in [ca(2+) ](cyt) in response to hs. conversely, treatment with ca(2+) chelator, ...201222428987
disruption of a rice pentatricopeptide repeat protein causes a seedling-specific albino phenotype and its utilization to enhance seed purity in hybrid rice production.the pentatricopeptide repeat (ppr) gene family represents one of the largest gene families in higher plants. accumulating data suggest that ppr proteins play a central and broad role in modulating the expression of organellar genes in plants. here we report a rice (oryza sativa) mutant named young seedling albino (ysa) derived from the rice thermo/photoperiod-sensitive genic male-sterile line pei'ai64s, which is a leading male-sterile line for commercial two-line hybrid rice production. the ysa ...201222430843
vinyl sulfone functionalization: a feasible approach for the study of the lectin-carbohydrate interactions.carbohydrate-mediated molecular recognition is involved in many biological aspects such as cellular adhesion, immune response, blood coagulation, inflammation, and infection. considering the crucial importance of such biological events in which proteins are normally involved, synthetic saccharide-based systems have emerged as powerful tools for the understanding of protein-carbohydrate interactions. as a new approach to create saccharide-based systems, a set of representative monosaccharides (d- ...201222432968
chloroplast downsizing under nitrate nutrition restrained mesophyll conductance and photosynthesis in rice (oryza sativa l.) under drought conditions.the phenomenon whereby ammonium enhances the tolerance of rice seedlings (oryza sativa l., cv. 'shanyou 63' hybrid indica china) to water stress has been reported in previous studies. to study the intrinsic mechanism of biomass synthesis related to photosynthesis, hydroponic experiments supplying different nitrogen (n) forms were conducted; water stress was simulated by the addition of polyethylene glycol. water stress decreased leaf water potential (ψ(leaf)) under nitrate nutrition, while it ha ...201222433461
rice apc/c(te) controls tillering by mediating the degradation of monoculm 1.rice monoculm 1 (moc1) and its orthologues ls/las (lateral suppressor in tomato and arabidopsis) are key promoting factors of shoot branching and tillering in higher plants. however, the molecular mechanisms regulating moc1/ls/las have remained elusive. here we show that the rice tiller enhancer (te) mutant displays a drastically increased tiller number. we demonstrate that te encodes a rice homologue of cdh1, and that te acts as an activator of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (apc/c) c ...201222434195
cloning and characterization of a gene encoding novel zinc finger protein transcription factor induced under water deficit stress from rice (oryza sativa) cv. n-22.a gene oszni encoding cys3/his1-type zinc finger protein was isolated from the water stress-induced cdna library of rice (oryza sativa) cv. n-22, an early maturing, deep-rooted, drought-tolerant genotype adapted to upland conditions. the in-silico analysis revealed an insert of 800 bp with an orf of 663 nucleotides, encoding 221 amino acids. oszni had three distinct features--nuclear localization signal (nls) present in arg152-arg168, zn finger domain between 185-193 amino acids and 12 amino aci ...201222435142
high-throughput cryopreservation of plant cell cultures for functional genomics.suspension-cultured cell lines from plant species are useful for genetic engineering. however, maintenance of these lines is laborious, involves routine subculturing and hampers wider use of transgenic lines, especially when many lines are required for a high-throughput functional genomics application. cryopreservation of these lines may reduce the need for subculturing. here, we established a simple protocol for cryopreservation of cell lines from five commonly used plant species, arabidopsis t ...201222437846
spread of herbicide-resistant weedy rice (red rice, oryza sativa l.) after 5 years of clearfield rice cultivation in italy.the weedy relative of cultivated rice, red rice, can invade and severely infest rice fields, as reported by rice farmers throughout the world. because of its close genetic relationship to commercial rice, red rice has proven difficult to control. clearfield (cl) varieties, which are resistant to the inhibiting herbicides in the chemical group ahas (acetohydroxyacid synthase), provide a highly efficient opportunity to control red rice infestations. in order to reduce the risk of herbicide resista ...201222443148
rice rna-dependent rna polymerase 6 acts in small rna biogenesis and spikelet development.higher plants have evolved multiple rna-dependent rna polymerases (rdrs), which work with dicer-like (dcl) proteins to produce different classes of small rnas with specialized molecular functions. here we report that osrdr6, the rice (oryza sativa l.) homolog of arabidopsis rdr6, acts in the biogenesis of various types and sizes of small rnas. we isolated a rice osrdr6-1 mutant, which was temperature sensitive and showed spikelet defects. this mutant displays reduced accumulation of tasir-arfs, ...201222443269
differential degradation of photosystem i subunits under iron deficiency in rice.rice (oryza sativa) is one of the staple foods of the world. iron (fe) deficiency is a major abiotic stress factor that contributes world-wide to losses in crop yield and decline in nutritional quality. as cofactor for many enzymes and proteins, iron is an essential element. it plays a pivotal role in chlorophyll (chl) biosynthesis, and iron deficiency may result in decreased chl production and, thus, reduced photosynthetic capacity. photosystem i (psi) is a prime target of iron deficiency becau ...201222445751
expression of osspy and 14-3-3 genes involved in plant height variations of ion-beam-induced kdml 105 rice mutants.the culm length of two semidwarf rice mutants (pkos1, hykos1) obtained from low-energy n-ion beam bombardments of dehusked thai jasmine rice (oryza sativa l. cv. kdml 105) seeds showed 25.7% and 21.5% height reductions and one spindly rice mutant (tkos4) showed 21.4% increase in comparison with that of the kdml 105 control. a cdna-rapd analysis identified differential gene expression in internode tissues of the rice mutants. two genes identified from the cdna-rapd were osspy and 14-3-3, possibly ...201222445891
the mechanism of phloem loading in rice (oryza sativa).carbohydrates, mainly sucrose, that are synthesized in source organs are transported to sink organs to support growth and development. phloem loading of sucrose is a crucial step that drives long-distance transport by elevating hydrostatic pressure in the phloem. three phloem loading strategies have been identified, two active mechanisms, apoplastic loading via sucrose transporters and symplastic polymer trapping, and one passive mechanism. the first two active loading mechanisms require metabol ...201222453778
mechanisms of oryza sativa (poaceae) resistance to tagosodes orizicolus (homoptera: delphacidae) under greenhouse condition in venezuela.tagosodes orizicolus is one of the main plagues of rice in tropical america causing two types of damages, the direct one, feeding and oviposition effect, and an indirect one, by the transmission of the "rice hoja blanca virus". during 2006-2007 we carried out research under greenhouse conditions at fundaci6n danac, venezuela, in order to determine the mechanisms of antixenosis, antibiosis and tolerance to t. orizicolus, which could be acting in commercial varieties and advanced lines of the rice ...201222458212
identification of quantitative trait loci associated with small brown planthopper (laodelphax striatellus fallén) resistance in rice (oryza sativa l.).f(2) and bc(1) populations derived from the cross between 02428 / rathu heenati were used to investigate small brown planthopper (sbph) resistance. using the f(2) population, three qtls for antixenosis against sbph were located on chromosomes 2, 5 and 6, and accounted for 30.75% of the phenotypic variance; three qtls for antibiosis against sbph were detected on chromosomes 8, 9 and 12. qsbph5-c explaining 7.21% of phenotypic variance for antibiosis was identified on chromosome 5 using the bc(1) ...201222458437
black rice (oryza sativa l.) extract attenuates hepatic steatosis in c57bl/6 j mice fed a high-fat diet via fatty acid oxidation.two major risk factors for the onset of fatty liver disease are excessive alcohol intake and obesity, the latter being associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (nafld). the aim of this study was to examine the effects of black rice extract (bre) on hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in high-fat diet-fed mice, providing a model of nafld.201222458550
comparative biochemical and rapd analysis in two varieties of rice (oryza sativa) under arsenic stress by using various biomarkers.multiple biomarker systems have been frequently used to measure the genotoxic effects of environmental pollutants (including heavy metals) on living organisms. in this study, we used leaves of hydroponically grown 14 days old seedlings of rice (oryza sativa) varieties (pb1 and ir64) treated with 50, 150 and 300 μm arsenite (as(iii)) for 24 and 96 h duration. reduction in seed germination, root-shoot length, chlorophyll and protein were observed with increasing as(iii) concentration and duration ...201222459980
characterization of glycine-rich rna-binding proteins in brassica napus under stress conditions.although the functional roles of glycine-rich rna-binding proteins (grps) during stress adaptation have been extensively evaluated in arabidopsis thaliana and rice (oryza sativa), the stress-responsive roles of a majority of grps have not been characterized in other plant species including rapeseed (brassica napus). here, the characteristic features and stress-responsive expression patterns of grps in b. napus (bngrps) were investigated. the genome of b. napus contains seven closely related bngr ...201222462633
a structurally novel hemopexin fold protein of rice plays role in chlorophyll degradation.proteins containing hemopexin fold domain are suggested to have diverse functions in various living organisms. in order to investigate the structure and function of this type of protein in rice plant (oryza sativa), the gene encoding a hemopexin fold protein (oshfp) was cloned, analyzed in silico and characterized. molecular modeling revealed that the oshfp is closely related to other hemopexin fold proteins, but is unique with a cylindrical central tunnel as well as extended n- and c-terminal d ...201222465006
multifunctional crop trait ontology for breeders' data: field book, annotation, data discovery and semantic enrichment of the literature.agricultural crop databases maintained in gene banks of the consultative group on international agricultural research (cgiar) are valuable sources of information for breeders. these databases provide comparative phenotypic and genotypic information that can help elucidate functional aspects of plant and agricultural biology. to facilitate data sharing within and between these databases and the retrieval of information, the crop ontology (co) database was designed to provide controlled vocabulary ...201022476066
nitrification inhibition activity, a novel trait in root exudates of rice.nitrification is an important process in soil--plant systems for providing plant-available nitrate (no(3) (-)). however, no(3) (-) is less stable in soils compared with ammonium (nh(4) (+)) and is more easily lost through leaching, runoff or denitrification. this study tested whether biological nitrification inhibition (bni) activity is present in the root exudates of rice (oryza sativa) and also the extent of variation between different genotypes.201022476072
seed pre-treatment in rice reduces damage, enhances carbohydrate mobilization and improves emergence and seedling establishment under flooded conditions.early flooding helps control weeds but reduces seedling establishment in direct-seeded rice (oryza sativa). when combined with appropriate management practices, the use of genotypes that better tolerate flooding during emergence can enhance crop establishment in flood-prone areas. management options include seed pre-treatment and we tested the influence of pre-soaking for 24 h prior to sowing or of priming (soaking for 24 or 48 h followed by drying).201122476478
transcriptome-wide identification and characterization of mirnas from pinus densata.micrornas (mirnas) play key roles in diverse developmental processes, nutrient homeostasis and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. the biogenesis and regulatory functions of mirnas have been intensively studied in model angiosperms, such as arabidopsis thaliana, oryza sativa and populus trichocarpa. however, global identification of pinus densata mirnas has not been reported in previous research.201222480283
osga20ox1, a candidate gene for a major qtl controlling seedling vigor in rice.seedling vigor is among the major determinants of stable stand establishment in direct-seeded rice (oryza sativa l.) in temperate regions. quantitative trait loci (qtl) for seedling vigor were identified using 250 recombinant inbred lines (rils) derived from a cross between two japonica rice cultivars kakehashi and dunghan shali. seedling heights measured at 14 days after sowing were 20.3 and 29.4 cm for kakehashi and dunghan shali, respectively. for the rils, the height ranged from 14.1 to 31.7 ...201222481119
changes in dna methylation and transgenerational mobilization of a transposable element (mping) by the topoisomerase ii inhibitor, etoposide, in rice.etoposide (epipodophyllotoxin) is a chemical commonly used as an anti-cancer drug which inhibits dna synthesis by blocking topoisomerase ii activity. previous studies in animal cells have demonstrated that etoposide constitutes a genotoxic stress which may induce genomic instability including mobilization of normally quiescent transposable elements (tes). however, it remained unknown whether similar genetically mutagenic effects could be imposed by etoposide in plant cells. also, no information ...201222482475
transfollicular enhancement of gel containing cationic niosomes loaded with unsaturated fatty acids in rice (oryza sativa) bran semi-purified fraction.the 20mm cationic niosomes composed of tween61/cholesterol/ctab at 1:1:0.5m ratio which gave the best physical appearance, particle size, zeta potential and in vitro cytotoxicity were selected from six cationic niosomes prepared from various cationic lipids. the selected cationic niosomes were loaded with the semi-purified fraction 3 of oryza sativa (osf3) which gave the highest in vitro 5α-reductase inhibition activity. the physicochemical characteristics as well as transfollicular penetration ...201222490981
patterns and evolution of nucleotide landscapes in seed plants.nucleotide landscapes, which are the way base composition is distributed along a genome, strongly vary among species. the underlying causes of these variations have been much debated. though mutational bias and selection were initially invoked, gc-biased gene conversion (gbgc), a recombination-associated process favoring the g and c over a and t bases, is increasingly recognized as a major factor. as opposed to vertebrates, evolution of gc content is less well known in plants. most studies have ...201222492812
modulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis by water stress in rice seedlings during chloroplast biogenesis.to understand the impact of water stress on the greening process, water stress was applied to 6-day-old etiolated seedlings of a drought-sensitive cultivar of rice (oryza sativa), pusa basmati-1 by immersing their roots in 40 mm polyethylene glycol (peg) 6000 (-0.69 mpa) or 50 mm peg 6000 (-1.03 mpa) dissolved in half-strength murashige and skoog (ms)-nutrient-solution, 16 h prior to transfer to cool-white-fluorescent + incandescent light. chlorophyll (chl) accumulation substantially declined in ...201222494411
demonstration of osmotically dependent promotion of aerenchyma formation at different levels in the primary roots of rice using a 'sandwich' method and x-ray computed tomography.the effect of environmental factors on the regulation of aerenchyma formation in rice roots has been discussed for a long time, because aerenchyma is constitutively formed under aerated conditions. to elucidate this problem, a unique method has been developed that enables sensitive detection of differences in the development of aerenchyma under two different environmental conditions. the method is tested to determine whether aerenchyma development in rice roots is affected by osmotic stress.201222499856
grain accumulation of selenium species in rice (oryza sativa l.).efficient se biofortification programs require a thorough understanding of the accumulation and distribution of se species within the rice grain. therefore, the translocation of se species to the filling grain and their spatial unloading were investigated. se species were supplied via cut flag leaves of intact plants and excised panicle stems subjected to a ± stem-girdling treatment during grain fill. total se concentrations in the flag leaves and grain were quantified by inductively coupled pla ...201222502742
molecular dissection of atrazine-responsive transcriptome and gene networks in rice by high-throughput sequencing.the residue of atrazine (a herbicide) has become hazards in environments due to its intensive use. however, its molecular toxicity to on plants and human beings is not fully understood. in this study, we performed high-throughput sequencing of atrazine-exposed rice (oryza sativa) to analyze global expression and complexity of genes in the crop. four libraries were constructed from shoots and roots with or without atrazine exposure. we sequenced 5,751,861, 5,790,013, 5,375,999 and 6,039,618 clean ...201222503142
purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of osareb8 from rice, a member of the areb/abf family of bzip transcription factors, in complex with its cognate dna.the areb/abf family of bzip transcription factors play a key role in drought stress response and tolerance during the vegetative stage in plants. to reveal the dna-recognition mechanism of the areb/abf family of proteins, the bzip domain of osareb8, an areb/abf-family protein from oryza sativa, was expressed in escherichia coli, purified and crystallized with its cognate dna. crystals of the osareb8-dna complex were obtained by the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method at 277 k with a reservoir s ...201222505428
combined transcriptomic and physiological approaches reveal strong differences between short- and long-term response of rice (oryza sativa) to iron toxicity.ferrous iron toxicity is a mineral disorder frequently occurring under waterlogged soils where rice is cultivated. to decipher the main metabolic pathways involved in rice response to iron excess, seedlings have been exposed to 125 mg l(-1) feso(4) for 3 weeks. a combined transcriptomic, biochemical and physiological study has been performed after short-term (3 d) or long-term (3 weeks) exposure to iron in order to elucidate the strategy of stress adaptation with time. our results showed that sh ...201222506799
the role of oscom1 in homologous chromosome synapsis and recombination in rice meiosis.com1/sae2 is a highly conserved gene from yeast to higher eukaryotes. its orthologs, known to cooperate with the mrx complex (mre11/rad50/xrs2), are required for meiotic dna double-strand break (dsb) ends resection and specific mitotic dsb repair events. here, the rice (oryza sativa, 2n = 2x = 24) com1/sae2 homolog was identified through positional cloning, termed oscom1. four independent mutants of oscom1 were isolated and characterized. in oscom1 mutants, synaptonemal complex (sc) formation, h ...201222507309
comparing dry ashing and wet oxidation methods. the case of the rice husk (oryza sativa l.).experiments were conducted to determine the effects that different methods for the preparation of modern plant samples have on the resulting phytoliths using rice husks (oryza sp.). the methods that are commonly used in phytolith extraction include (1) dry ashing, (2) acid extraction (3) a combination of both techniques. the results showed that processing methods have an impact on the morphology of two subspecies of rice phytoliths, dry ashing producing more conjoined cell phytoliths or multicel ...201222508318
environment and genotype controls on mercury accumulation in rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivated along a contamination gradient in guizhou, china.accumulation of total hg (thg) and methylmercury (mehg) was investigated among 50 indica rice varieties cultivated in 3 sites in guizhou, china, classified as highly-contaminated, moderately-contaminated, and background sites. concentrations of soil and pore water (depth: 0-2 cm) thg and mehg were poor predictors of thg and mehg concentrations in polished white rice and bran, with significantly higher accumulation in the moderately-contaminated site compared to the other 2 sites (anova, p<0.0001 ...201222513403
gene-sharing networks reveal organizing principles of transcriptomes in arabidopsis and other multicellular organisms.understanding tissue-related gene expression patterns can provide important insights into gene, tissue, and organ function. transcriptome analyses often have focused on housekeeping or tissue-specific genes or on gene coexpression. however, by analyzing thousands of single-gene expression distributions in multiple tissues of arabidopsis thaliana, rice (oryza sativa), human (homo sapiens), and mouse (mus musculus), we found that these organisms primarily operate by gene sharing, a phenomenon wher ...201222517316
characterization and evolution of microrna genes derived from repetitive elements and duplication events in plants.micrornas (mirnas) are a major class of small non-coding rnas that act as negative regulators at the post-transcriptional level in animals and plants. in this study, all known mirnas in four plant species (arabidopsis thaliana, populus trichocarpa, oryza sativa and sorghum bicolor) have been analyzed, using a combination of computational and comparative genomic approaches, to systematically identify and characterize the mirnas that were derived from repetitive elements and duplication events. th ...201222523544
rice mapk phosphatase ibr5 negatively regulates drought stress tolerance in transgenic nicotiana tabacum.the mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) phosphatases (mkps) are important negative regulators in the mapk signaling pathways, which play crucial roles in plant growth, regulation of development and response to environment stresses. several mapks have been reported to be involved in the drought stress response, however, there is no evidence for the specific function of mkps in drought stress. here, a putative mkp in rice (oryza sativa), osibr5, was characterized. expression of osibr5 was indu ...201222525239
comprehensive gene expression analysis of the nac gene family under normal growth conditions, hormone treatment, and drought stress conditions in rice using near-isogenic lines (nils) generated from crossing aday selection (drought tolerant) and ir64.the nac (nam, ataf1/2 and cuc2) genes are plant-specific transcriptional factors known to play diverse roles in various plant developmental processes. we describe the rice (oryza sativa) osnac genes expression profiles (geps) under normal and water-deficit treatments (wdts). the geps of the osnac genes were analyzed in 25 tissues covering the entire life cycle of minghui 63. high expression levels of 17 genes were demonstrated in certain tissues under normal conditions suggesting that these gene ...201222526427
root metabolic response of rice (oryza sativa l.) genotypes with contrasting tolerance to zinc deficiency and bicarbonate excess.plants are routinely subjected to multiple environmental stresses that constrain growth. zinc (zn) deficiency and high bicarbonate are two examples that co-occur in many soils used for rice production. here, the utility of metabolomics in diagnosing the effect of each stress alone and in combination on rice root function is demonstrated, with potential stress tolerance indicators identified through the use of contrasting genotypes. responses to the dual stress of combined zn deficiency and bicar ...201222526504
interaction between temperature and photoperiod in regulation of flowering time in rice.photoperiod and temperature are two pivotal regulatory factors of plant flowering. the floral transition of plants depends on accurate measurement of changes in photoperiod and temperature. the flowering time of rice (oryza sativa) as a facultative short-day (sd) plant is delayed under long-day (ld) and/or low temperature conditions. to elucidate the regulatory functions of photoperiod and temperature on flowering time in rice, we systematically analyzed the expression and regulation of several ...201222527521
effect of silicon deficiency on secondary cell wall synthesis in rice leaf.rice (oryza sativa l.) is a typical si-accumulating plant and is able to accumulate si up to >10 % of shoot dry weight. the cell wall has been reported to become thicker under si-deficient condition. to clarify the relationship between si accumulation and cell wall components, the physical properties of, and macromolecular components and si content in, the pectic, hemicellulosic, and cellulosic fractions prepared from rice seedlings grown in hydroponics with or without 1.5 mm silicic acid were a ...201222527842
reactive oxygen species production and activation mechanism of the rice nadph oxidase osrbohb.reactive oxygen species (ros) produced by plant nadph oxidases (noxes) are important in plant innate immunity. the oryza sativa respiratory burst oxidase homologue b (osrbohb) gene encodes a nox the regulatory mechanisms of which are largely unknown. here, we used a heterologous expression system to demonstrate that osrbohb shows ros-producing activity. treatment with ionomycin, a ca(2+) ionophore, and calyculin a, a protein phosphatase inhibitor, activated ros-producing activity; it was thus os ...201222528669
dissecting substrate specificity of two rice badh isoforms: enzyme kinetics, docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies.fragrance rice (oryza sativa) contains two isoforms of badh, named osbadh1 and osbadh2. osbadh1 is implicated in acetaldehyde oxidation in rice plant peroxisomes, while the non-functional osbadh2 is believed to be involved in the accumulation of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, the major compound of aroma in fragrance rice. in the present study, site-directed mutagenesis, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies were used to investigate the substrate specificity towards bet-ald and gab-a ...201222534193
experimental infection of fusarium proliferatum in oryza sativa plants; fumonisin b1 production and survival rate in grains.fusarium proliferatum is a plant pathogenic fungus associated with crops such as asparagus and corn, and it possesses the ability to produce a range of mycotoxins, including fumonisins. in asia, rice (oryza sativa) is a staple cereal and is occasionally colonized by this fungus without obvious physiological changes. f. proliferatum is closely related to gibberella fujikuroi (anamorph f. fujikuroi) responsible for bakanae disease in rice; however there are few reports of f. proliferatum as a rice ...201222534354
comparative transcriptome analysis of transporters, phytohormone and lipid metabolism pathways in response to arsenic stress in rice (oryza sativa).• arsenic (as) contamination of rice (oryza sativa) is a worldwide concern and elucidating the molecular mechanisms of as accumulation in rice may provide promising solutions to the problem. previous studies using microarray techniques to investigate transcriptional regulation of plant responses to as stress have identified numerous differentially expressed genes. however, little is known about the metabolic and regulatory network remodelings, or their interactions with microrna (mirna) in plant ...201222537016
differential regulation of aquaporins, small gtpases and v-atpases proteins in rice leaves subjected to drought stress and recovery.mechanisms of drought tolerance are complex, interacting, and polygenic. this paper describes patterns of gene expression at precise physiological stages of drought in 35-day-old seedlings of oryza sativa cv. nipponbare. drought was imposed gradually for up to 15 days, causing abscisic acid levels to rise and growth to cease, and plants were then re-watered. proteins were identified from leaf samples after moderate drought, extreme drought, and 3 and 6 days of re-watering. label-free quantitativ ...201222539437
secretome analysis of magnaporthe oryzae using in vitro systems.magnaporthe oryzae is a devastating blast fungal pathogen of rice (oryza sativa l.) that causes dramatic decreases in seed yield and quality. during the early stages of infection by this pathogen, the fungal spore senses the rice leaf surface, germinates, and penetrates the cell via an infectious structure known as an appressorium. during this process, m. oryzae secretes several proteins; however, these proteins are largely unknown mainly due to the lack of a suitable method for isolating secret ...201222539438
molecular evaluation of genetic diversity and association studies in rice (oryza sativa l.).in the present study, we tested rice genotypes that included un(der)exploited landraces of tamil nadu along with indica and japonica test cultivars to ascertain their genetic diversity structure. highly polymorphic microsatellite markers were used for generating marker segregation data. a novel measure, allele discrimination index, was used to determine subpopulation differentiation power of each marker. phenotypic data were collected for yield and component traits. pattern of molecular differen ...201222546822
brassinosteroid action in flowering plants: a darwinian perspective.the year 2012 marks the 150th anniversary of the publication of charles darwin's first botanical book, on the fertilization of orchids (1862), wherein he described pollen grains and outlined his evolutionary principles with respect to plant research. five decades later, the growth-promoting effect of extracts of orchid pollen on coleoptile elongation was documented. these studies led to the discovery of a new class of phytohormones, the brassinosteroids (brs) that were isolated from rapeseed (br ...201222547659
characterization of an abc1 kinase family gene osabc1-2 conferring enhanced tolerance to dark-induced stress in rice.leaf senescence is a complex and highly organized process resulting in numerous changes of gene expression and metabolic procedures. however, the exact mechanisms underlying these changes are not well understood. in this study, we reported a rice (oryza sativa) t-dna insertion mutant impaired in an abc1 kinase family gene with a dwarf and pale-green phenotype. the mutant showed reduced pigment content and photosynthetic efficiency and increased superoxide dismutase activity in leaves. the mutate ...201222548231
chemical composition, nutritional and toxicological evaluation of rice (oryza sativa) grown in fly ash amended soils.the purpose of the present study was to evaluate nutritional and toxicological aspects of rice grown in fly ash amended soils. rice was grown on soils with fly ash (200 t ha(-1) ) and without fly ash at two different geographical locations of india.201222549902
a genetic linkage map of tetraploid orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) and quantitative trait loci for heading date.orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.), or cocksfoot, is indigenous to eurasia and northern africa, but has been naturalized on nearly every continent and is one of the top perennial forage grasses grown worldwide. to improve the understanding of genetic architecture of orchardgrass and provide a template for heading date candidate gene search in this species, the goals of the present study were to construct a tetraploid orchardgrass genetic linkage map and identify quantitative trait loci associa ...201222551303
physiology and bio - chemistry of germination of different types of seeds - iv - effect of certain chemicals on growth anddevelopment of cucumber, mungo, paddy, raddish and tomato plants.the effect of 100 ppm solution of each of kinetin, adenine, uracil and thymine on the vegetative and reproductive growth of cucumis sativus, phaseolus mungo, oryza sativus, raphanus sativus and lycopersicum esculentum plants were studied. the rate of vegetative growth was found to be more in the cucumis sativus, raphanus sativus and lycopersicum esculentum plants treated with all the chemicals mentioned above over that of the controls. phaseolus mungo and oryza sativa plants shows almost the sam ...198422557413
silencing coi1 in rice increases susceptibility to chewing insects and impairs inducible defense.the jasmonic acid (ja) pathway plays a key role in plant defense responses against herbivorous insects. coronatine insensitive1 (coi1) is an f-box protein essential for all jasmonate responses. however, the precise defense function of coi1 in monocotyledonous plants, especially in rice (oryza sativa l.) is largely unknown. we silenced oscoi1 in rice plants via rna interference (rnai) to determine the role of oscoi1 in rice defense against rice leaf folder (lf) cnaphalocrocis medinalis, a chewing ...201222558386
phosphate solubilizers enhance npk fertilizer use efficiency in rice and legume cultivation.it has been reported that phosphate solubilizing bacteria (psb) are the most promising bacteria among the plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr); which may be used as biofertilizers for plant growth and nutrient use efficiency. moreover, these soil micro-organisms play a significant role in regulating the dynamics of organic matter decomposition and the availability of plant nutrients such as nitrogen (n), phosphorus (p), potassium (k) and other nutrients. through this study, the management ...201122558541
rubisco activase is a key regulator of non-steady-state photosynthesis at any leaf temperature and, to a lesser extent, of steady-state photosynthesis at high temperature.the role of rubisco activase in steady-state and non-steady-state photosynthesis was analyzed in wild-type (oryza sativa) and transgenic rice that expressed different amounts of rubisco activase. below 25°c, the rubisco activation state and steady-state photosynthesis were only affected when rubisco activase was reduced by more than 70%. however, at 40°c, smaller reductions in rubisco activase content were linked to a reduced rubisco activation state and steady-state photosynthesis. as a result, ...201222563799
posttranscriptional control of photosynthetic mrna decay under stress conditions requires 3' and 5' untranslated regions and correlates with differential polysome association in rice.abiotic stress, including drought, salinity, and temperature extremes, regulates gene expression at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. expression profiling of total messenger rnas (mrnas) from rice (oryza sativa) leaves grown under stress conditions revealed that the transcript levels of photosynthetic genes are reduced more rapidly than others, a phenomenon referred to as stress-induced mrna decay (smd). by comparing rna polymerase ii engagement with the steady-state mrna level ...201222566494
mutation in terminal flower1 reverses the photoperiodic requirement for flowering in the wild strawberry fragaria vesca.photoperiodic flowering has been extensively studied in the annual short-day and long-day plants rice (oryza sativa) and arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), whereas less is known about the control of flowering in perennials. in the perennial wild strawberry, fragaria vesca (rosaceae), short-day and perpetual flowering long-day accessions occur. genetic analyses showed that differences in their flowering responses are caused by a single gene, seasonal flowering locus, which may encode the f. vesc ...201222566495
genetic diversity in basmati rice (oryza sativa l.) germplasm as revealed by microsatellite (ssr) markers.genetic diversity among rice genotypes, including 15 indica basmati advance lines and 5 basmati improved varieties were investigated by 28 ssr markets including one indel marker. the ssrs covered all the 12 chromosomes that distributed across the rice genomes. the mean number of alleles per locus was 3.60, showing average number of polymorphism information content was 0.48. a total of 101 alleles were also identified from the microsatellite marker loci. a number of ssr markers were also identifi ...201222567855
identification and cloning of the cu/zn superoxide dismutase gene from halophyte plant aeluropus littoralis.reactive oxygen species (ros) derived from molecular oxygen under biotic and abiotic stress such as salinity which have deleterious effects on cell metabolism. the toxic effect of ros counteract by enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic antioxidant system. superoxide dismutase (sod) has a potential role for elimination of ros. halophytes respond to salt stress at different levels and can be a model for increasing salt tolerance in crop plants. thus salt tolerance gene isolation and cloning of gene a ...201222567863
rice choline monooxygenase (oscmo) protein functions in enhancing glycine betaine biosynthesis in transgenic tobacco but does not accumulate in rice (oryza sativa l. ssp. japonica).glycine betaine (gb) is a compatible quaternary amine that enables plants to tolerate abiotic stresses, including salt, drought and cold. in plants, gb is synthesized through two-step of successive oxidations from choline, catalyzed by choline monooxygenase (cmo) and betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (badh), respectively. rice is considered as a typical non-gb accumulating species, although the entire genome sequencing revealed rice contains orthologs of both cmo and badh. several studies unraveled ...201222569963
inflorescence meristem identity in rice is specified by overlapping functions of three ap1/ful-like mads box genes and pap2, a sepallata mads box gene.in plants, the transition to reproductive growth is of particular importance for successful seed production. transformation of the shoot apical meristem (sam) to the inflorescence meristem (im) is the crucial first step in this transition. using laser microdissection and microarrays, we found that expression of panicle phytomer2 (pap2) and three apetala1 (ap1)/fruitfull (ful)-like genes (mads14, mads15, and mads18) is induced in the sam during meristem phase transition in rice (oryza sativa). pa ...201222570445
dynamics of brassinosteroid response modulated by negative regulator lic in rice.brassinosteroids (brs) regulate rice plant architecture, including leaf bending, which affects grain yield. although br signaling has been investigated in arabidopsis thaliana, the components negatively regulating this pathway are less well understood. here, we demonstrate that oryza sativa leaf and tiller angle increased controller (lic) acts as an antagonistic transcription factor of brassinazole-resistant 1 (bzr1) to attenuate the br signaling pathway. the gain-of-function mutant lic-1 and li ...201222570626
dwarf50 (d50), a rice (oryza sativa l.) gene encoding inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase, is required for proper development of intercalary meristem.rice internodes are vital for supporting high-yield panicles, which are controlled by various factors such as cell division, cell elongation and cell wall biosynthesis. therefore, formation and regulation of the internode cell-producing intercalary meristem (im) are important for determining the shape of internodes. to understand the regulation of internode development, we analysed a rice dwarf mutant, dwarf 50 (d50). previously, we reported that parenchyma cells in the elongated internodes of d ...201222574770
Refresh
firstprev
...41424344454647484950...
nextlast
Displaying items 4501 - 4600 of 8745