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molecular mapping of a powdery mildew resistance gene in common wheat landrace baihulu and its allelism with pm24.powdery mildew is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat in areas with cool and maritime climates. chinese wheat landrace baihulu confers a high level of resistance against a wide range of blumeria graminis dc f. sp. tritici (bgt) races, especially those currently prevailing in shaanxi. the objectives of this study were to determine the chromosome bin location of the mlbhl gene from baihulu and its allelism with pm24. to investigate the inheritance of powdery mildew resistance and detect ...201222772588
detection of two major grain yield qtl in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) under heat, drought and high yield potential environments.a large proportion of the worlds' wheat growing regions suffers water and/or heat stress at some stage during the crop growth cycle. with few exceptions, there has been no utilisation of managed environments to screen mapping populations under repeatable abiotic stress conditions, such as the facilities developed by the international wheat and maize improvement centre (cimmyt). through careful management of irrigation and sowing date over three consecutive seasons, repeatable heat, drought and h ...201222772727
joint ecotoxicology of cadmium and metsulfuron-methyl in wheat (triticum aestivum).herbicide is indispensable for crop production. however, substantial usage of herbicide has led to its increasing accumulation in soils and crops. in addition, cadmium has become one of the widely occurring contaminants in soils due to its significant release into environment via anthropogenic activities. in this study, ecotoxicological investigations were made by exposing the food crop wheat to joint contaminations of cd and metsulfuron-methyl, a sulfonylurea herbicide. we analyzed growth and p ...201322773146
use of dactylaria brochopaga, a predacious fungus, for managing root-knot disease of wheat (triticum aestivum) caused by meloidogyne graminicola.a laboratory experiment was conducted to study the induction of constricting rings and test predation of dactylaria brochopaga isolates against second stage juveniles (j2s) of meloidogyne graminicola. among the five fungal isolates, isolate d showed the greatest number of predatory rings and, consequently, trapped the maximum number of m. graminicola j2s in dual cultures. another pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of d. brochopaga (isolate d) on the management of wheat root-knot di ...201122783087
bioavailability of gold nanomaterials to plants: importance of particle size and surface coating.we used the model organisms nicotiana tabacum l. cv xanthi (tobacco) and triticum aestivum (wheat) to investigate plant uptake of 10-, 30-, and 50-nm diameter au manufactured nanomaterials (mnms) coated with either tannate (t-mnms) or citrate (c-mnms). primary particle size, hydrodynamic size, and zeta potential were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (tem), dynamic light scattering (dls), and electrophoretic mobility measurements, respectively. plants were exposed to nps hydro ...201222784043
identification of differentially senescing mutants of wheat and impacts on yield, biomass and nitrogen partitioning.increasing photosynthetic capacity by extending canopy longevity during grain filling using slow senescing stay-green genotypes is a possible means to improve yield in wheat. ethyl methanesulfonate (ems) mutated wheat lines (triticum aestivum l. cv. paragon) were screened for fast and slow canopy senescence to investigate the impact on yield and nitrogen partitioning. stay-green and fast-senescing lines with similar anthesis dates were characterised in detail. delayed senescence was only apparen ...201222788746
inhibition of tiller bud outgrowth in the tin mutant of wheat is associated with precocious internode development.tillering (branching) is a major yield component and, therefore, a target for improving the yield of crops. however, tillering is regulated by complex interactions of endogenous and environmental signals, and the knowledge required to achieve optimal tiller number through genetic and agronomic means is still lacking. regulatory mechanisms may be revealed through physiological and molecular characterization of naturally occurring and induced tillering mutants in the major crops. here we character ...201222791303
genetic and physiological analysis of rht8 in bread wheat: an alternative source of semi-dwarfism with a reduced sensitivity to brassinosteroids.over the next decade, wheat grain production must increase to meet the demand of a fast growing human population. one strategy to meet this challenge is to raise wheat productivity by optimizing plant stature. the reduced height 8 (rht8) semi-dwarfing gene is one of the few, together with the green revolution genes, to reduce stature of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), and improve lodging resistance, without compromising grain yield. rht8 is widely used in dry environments such as mediterranean cou ...201222791821
qtl mapping of adult-plant resistance to stripe rust in a population derived from common wheat cultivars naxos and shanghai 3/catbird.stripe rust, caused by puccinia striiformis westend. f. sp. tritici erikss., is a severe foliar disease of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) worldwide. use of adult-plant resistance (apr) is an efficient approach to provide long-term protection of crops from the disease. the german spring wheat cultivar naxos showed a high level of apr to stripe rust in the field. to identify the apr genes in this cultivar, a mapping population of 166 recombinant inbred lines (rils) was developed from a cross ...201222798057
nitric oxide alleviates oxidative damage induced by high temperature stress in wheat.effect of sodium nitroprusside (snp), a donor of nitric oxide (no) was examined in two wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars, c 306 (heat tolerant) and pbw 550 (comparatively heat susceptible) to study the extent of oxidative injury and activities of antioxidant enzyme in relation to high temperature (ht) stress. ht stress resulted in a marked decrease in membrane thermostability (mts) and 2, 3, 5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (ttc) cell viability whereas content of lipid peroxide increased in ...201222803328
[complex evaluation for influence of hosts on hemipatasite thesium chinense].to study the influence of host species on growth and development and active component content of thesium chinense.201222803355
[epigenetics of plant vernalization regulated by non-coding rnas].many higher plants must experience a period of winter cold to accomplish the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth. this biological process is called vernalization. some crops such as wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and oilseed rape (brassica napus l.) produce seeds as edible organs, and therefore special measures of rotation and cultivation are necessary for plants to go through an early vernalization for flower differentiation and development, whereas the other crops such as chinese c ...201222805208
qtl mapping of adult-plant resistances to stripe rust and leaf rust in chinese wheat cultivar bainong 64.stripe rust and leaf rust, caused by puccinia striiformis westend. f. sp. tritici erikss. and p. triticina, respectively, are devastating fungal diseases of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). chinese wheat cultivar bainong 64 has maintained acceptable adult-plant resistance (apr) to stripe rust, leaf rust and powdery mildew for more than 10 years. the aim of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci/locus (qtl) for resistance to the two rusts in a population of 179 doubled haploid (dh ...201222806327
a recombinant ω-gliadin-like d-type glutenin and an α-gliadin from wheat (triticum aestivum): two immunoglobulin e binding proteins, useful for the diagnosis of wheat-dependent allergies.among the wheat prolamins, d-type glutenins display a highly repetitive sequence similar to ω-gliadins, but they contain a cysteine, that allows them to be included in the gluten macropolymers. an ω-gliadin-like d-type glutenin, an α-gliadin, and an ω5-gliadin-like d-type glutenin were obtained as recombinant proteins and compared using synchrotron radiation circular dichroism. this technique evidenced the strong thermostability of the ω5-gliadin-like protein. the ige reactivity of recombinant p ...201222809016
nitrate reductase from triticum aestivum leaves: regulation of activity and possible role in production of nitric oxide.nitrate reductase (nr) and peroxidase (pox) are important enzymes involved in the metabolism of reactive oxygen (ros) and nitrogen species in leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings. it has been confirmed that nr activity in wheat leaves depends on the light conditions and the presence of nitrates during the cultivation of the seedlings, and it is regulated by the molybdenum cofactor and phosphorylation. in the present study, confocal microscopy and epr spectroscopy studies showed that ...201222809160
impact of wheat-mung bean intercropping on english grain aphid (hemiptera: aphididae) populations and its natural enemy.the effects of intercropping wheat, triticum aestivum l., with mung bean, vigna radiate l., on the populations of english grain aphid, sitobion avenae (f.) (hemiptera: aphididae), and its natural enemies were evaluated by field and laboratory experiments. the population densities of aphids and their natural enemies were evaluated in the intercropped field against different row ratio combinations of wheat-mung bean. results showed that wheat-mung bean intercropping caused a drop in aphid densitie ...201222812121
cyclical parthenogenetic reproduction in the russian wheat aphid (hemiptera: aphididae) in the united states: sexual reproduction and its outcome on biotypic diversity.in 1986, the russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (kurdjumov) (hemiptera: aphididae), became an invasive species of united states. nearly 20 yr later, new biotypes appeared that were capable of overcoming most sources of resistance and became a renewed threat to wheat, triticum aestivum l., production. cyclical (cp) and obligate (op) parthenogenesis enables aphids to both adapt to changing environments and exploit host resources. we documented these forms of reproduction for russian wheat aphid ...201222812148
efficient regeneration potential is closely related to auxin exposure time and catalase metabolism during the somatic embryogenesis of immature embryos in triticum aestivum l.regeneration of cultured tissue is a prerequisite of agrobacterium- and biolistic-mediated plant transformation. in this study, an efficient protocol for improving wheat (triticum aestivum l.) immature embryo regeneration was developed. based on the statistical analysis of embryogenic callus induction efficiency, green spot differentiation efficiency, and plant regeneration efficiency from five wheat accessions, improved culture conditions were found to be more effective for embryogenic callus p ...201322815184
construction of whole genome radiation hybrid panels and map of chromosome 5a of wheat using asymmetric somatic hybridization.to explore the feasibility of constructing a whole genome radiation hybrid (wgrh) map in plant species with large genomes, asymmetric somatic hybridization between wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and bupleurum scorzonerifolium willd. was performed. the protoplasts of wheat were irradiated with ultraviolet light (uv) and gamma-ray and rescued by protoplast fusion using b. scorzonerifolium as the recipient. assessment of ssr markers showed that the radiation hybrids have the average marker retention ...201222815731
sorting the wheat from the chaff: identifying mirnas in genomic survey sequences of triticum aestivum chromosome 1al.individual chromosome-based studies of bread wheat are beginning to provide valuable structural and functional information about one of the world's most important crops. as new genome sequences become available, identifying mirna coding sequences is arguably as important a task as annotating protein coding sequences, but one that is not as well developed. we compared conservation-based identification of conserved mirnas in 1.5× coverage survey sequences of wheat chromosome 1al with a predictive ...201222815845
identifying loci influencing grain number by microsatellite screening in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).grain number (gn) is one of three major yield-related components in wheat. we used the chinese wheat mini core collection to undertake a genome-wide association analysis of grain number using 531 ssr markers randomly located on all 21 chromosomes. grain numbers of all accessions were measured in four trials, i.e. two environments in four growing seasons. association analysis based on a mixed linear model (mlm) revealed that 27 ssr loci were significantly associated with mean gn (mgn) estimated b ...201222820969
[a novel method for extracting leaf-level solar-induced fluorescence of typical crops under cu stress].the leaf-level solar-induced fluorescence changes when the typical crops are under cu stress, which can be considered as a sensitive indicator to estimate the stress level. in the present study, wheat (triticum aestivum l.), pea (pisum sativum l.) and chinese cabbage (brassica campestris l.) were selected and cultured with copper solutions or copper polluted soil with different cu stress. the apparent reflectance of leaves was measured by an asd fieldspec spectrometer and an integrating sphere. ...201222827073
daphnetin methylation stabilizes the activity of phosphoribulokinase in wheat during cold acclimation.the methylation of daphnetin (7,8-dihydroxycoumarin) to its 8-methyl derivative is catalyzed by a wheat (triticum aestivum l.) o-methyltransferase (taomt1). this enzyme is regulated by cold and photosystem ii excitation pressure (plastid redox state). here, we investigated the biological significance of this methylation and its potential role in modulating the activity of kinases in wheat. to identify the potential kinases that may interact with daphnetin in wheat, the soluble protein extract fr ...201222827600
dna repair and crossing over favor similar chromosome regions as discovered in radiation hybrid of triticum.the uneven distribution of recombination across the length of chromosomes results in inaccurate estimates of genetic to physical distances. in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) chromosome 3b, it has been estimated that 90% of the cross over events occur in distal sub-telomeric regions representing 40% of the chromosome. radiation hybrid (rh) mapping which does not rely on recombination is a strategy to map genomes and has been widely employed in animal species and more recently in some plants. rh map ...201222827734
identification of ppd-b1 alleles in common wheat cultivars by caps marker.photoperiod response is a major determinant of the duration of growth stages in common wheat. in common wheat, many genes play a role in determining flowering time, but the ppd genes located on the homoeologous group 2 play a major role. of these ppd-b1 is located on the short arm of 2b. in 107 common wheat cultivars grown in poland and neighboring countries, the identification of ppd-b1 alleles using in-del analysis by using a caps markers was investigated. 87 cultivars were shown to carry domi ...201222830258
rapd and issr-assisted identification and development of three new scar markers specific for the thinopyrum elongatum e (poaceae) genome.diploid thinopyrum elongatum, a wild relative of wheat, contains many agronomically desirable traits and has potential for increasing genetic variability and introducing desirable characters in this crop. few molecular markers are available for rapid screening of t. elongatum genome segments in the wheat genetic background. we used 36 rapd primers and 33 issr primers to screen for polymorphisms in the common wheat variety chinese spring and in t. elongatum. two rapd markers and one issr marker, ...201222843051
development and characterization of a new tilling population of common bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).mutagenesis is an important tool in crop improvement. however, the hexaploid genome of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) presents problems in identifying desirable genetic changes based on phenotypic screening due to gene redundancy. tilling (targeting induced local lesions in genomes), a powerful reverse genetic strategy that allows the detection of induced point mutations in individuals of the mutagenized populations, can address the major challenge of linking sequence information to the biological ...201222844501
a tandem segmental duplication (tsd) in green revolution gene rht-d1b region underlies plant height variation.• rht-d1c (rht10) carried by chinese wheat (triticum aestivum) line aibian 1 is an allele at the rht-d1 locus. among the rht-1 alleles, little is known about rht-d1c although it determines an extreme dwarf phenotype in wheat. • here, we cloned and functionally characterized rht-d1c using a combination of southern blotting, target region sequencing, gene expression analysis and transgenic experiments. • we found that the rht-d1c allele was generated through a tandem segmental duplication (tsd) of ...201222849513
strong presence of the high grain protein content allele of nam-b1 in fennoscandian wheat.grain protein content in wheat has been shown to be affected by the nam-b1 gene where the wildtype allele confers high levels of protein and micronutrients but can reduce yield. two known non-functional alleles instead increase yield but lead to lower levels of protein and micronutrients. the wildtype allele in hexaploid bread wheat is so far mainly known from historical specimens and a few lines with an emmer wheat introgression. here we report a screening for the wildtype allele in wheats of d ...201222850788
[identification of genes that promote awnedness in the triticum aestivum/aegilops umbellulata introgressive line].genetic analysis of triticum aestivum/aegilops umbellulata introgressive line for the character ear awnedness has been realized. according to the studying the lines and hybrids for the characters awnedness and electrophoresis spectra of microsatellite components the digenic model for control of awnedness is suggested. the model supposes participation of gene--inhibitor of awnedness b1 (5al) and gene--promoter of awnedness awn1 in chromosome 6u of aegilops umbellulata. chromosome 5a of the awned ...201222856141
jasmonate and ethylene dependent defence gene expression and suppression of fungal virulence factors: two essential mechanisms of fusarium head blight resistance in wheat?fusarium head blight (fhb) caused by fusarium species like f. graminearum is a devastating disease of wheat (triticum aestivum) worldwide. mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol produced by the fungus affect plant and animal health, and cause significant reductions of grain yield and quality. resistant varieties are the only effective way to control this disease, but the molecular events leading to fhb resistance are still poorly understood. transcriptional profiling was conducted for the winter whea ...201222857656
β-aminobutyric acid increases abscisic acid accumulation and desiccation tolerance and decreases water use but fails to improve grain yield in two spring wheat cultivars under soil drying.a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of the non-protein amino acid, β-aminobutyric acid (baba), on the homeostasis between reactive oxygen species (ros) and antioxidant defence during progressive soil drying, and its relationship with the accumulation of abscisic acid (aba), water use, grain yield, and desiccation tolerance in two spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars released in different decades and with different yields under drought. drenching the soil with 100 µm ...201222859677
biochemical characterization and kinetic properties of alanine aminotransferase homologues partially purified from wheat (triticum aestivum l.).four homologues of alanine aminotransferase have been isolated from shoots of wheat seedlings and purified by saline precipitation, gel filtration, preparative electrophoresis and anion exchange chromatography on protein-pak q 8hr column attached to hplc. alanine aminotransferase 1 (alaat1) and 2 (alaat2) were purified 303- and 452-fold, respectively, whereas l-glutamate: glyoxylate aminotransferase 1 (ggat1) and 2 (ggat2) were purified 485- and 440-fold, respectively. consistent inhibition of a ...201222863564
inheritance of grain polyphenol oxidase (ppo) activity in multiple wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genetic backgrounds.grain polyphenol oxidase (ppo) activity can cause discoloration of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) food products. five crosses (pi 117635/antelope; fielder/nw03681; fielder/antelope; nw07or1070/antelope; nw07or1066/or2050272h) were selected to study the genetic inheritance of ppo activity. sts markers, ppo18, ppo29 and sts01, were used to identify lines with putative alleles at the ppo-a1 and ppo-d1 loci conditioning low or high ppo activity. anova showed significant genotypic effects on ppo activi ...201222864385
sensory, yield and quality differences between organically and conventionally grown winter wheat.consumers expect organic produce to have higher environmental, health and sensory related qualities than conventional produce. in order to test sensory differences between bio-dynamically, bio-organically and conventionally grown winter wheat (triticum aestivum l., cv. runal), we performed double-blinded triangle tests with two panels on dry wholemeal flour from the harvest years 2006, 2007 and 2009 and from two field replicates of the 'dok' long-term farming system comparison field trial near b ...201222865150
proteomic analysis on salicylic acid-induced salt tolerance in common wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum l.).the influence of salicylic acid (sa) on the salt tolerance mechanism in seedlings of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) was investigated using physiological measurements combined with global expression profiling (proteomics). in the present study, 0.5mm sa significantly reduced nacl-induced growth inhibition in wheat seedlings, manifesting as increased fresh weights, dry weights, and photosynthetic pigments, but decreased lipid peroxidation. two-week-old wheat seedlings treated with 0.5mm sa, 2 ...201222868037
a single nucleotide polymorphism at the vrn-d1 promoter region in common wheat is associated with vernalization response.facultative wheat varieties adapt to a particular environment. but the molecular basis for the facultative growth habit is not clear relative to winter and spring growth habit. two sets of wheat varieties were chosen for this study. set 1 comprised ten spring accessions and set 2 comprised ten facultative accessions. all accessions had been tested by the previously described allele-specific markers and shown having the same allelic composition of vrn-a1 vrn-b1 vrn-d1 and vrn-b3. here we examined ...201222875177
optimizing de novo common wheat transcriptome assembly using short-read rna-seq data.rapid advances in next-generation sequencing methods have provided new opportunities for transcriptome sequencing (rna-seq). the unprecedented sequencing depth provided by rna-seq makes it a powerful and cost-efficient method for transcriptome study, and it has been widely used in model organisms and non-model organisms to identify and quantify rna. for non-model organisms lacking well-defined genomes, de novo assembly is typically required for downstream rna-seq analyses, including snp discover ...201222891638
proteome characterization of developing grains in bread wheat cultivars (triticum aestivum l.).the analyses of protein synthesis, accumulation and regulation during grain development in wheat are more complex because of its larger genome size compared to model plants such as arabidopsis and rice. in this study, grains from two wheat cultivars jimai 20 and zhoumai 16 with different gluten quality properties were harvested at five development stages, and were used to displayed variable expression patterns of grain proteins.201222900893
molecular and cytogenetic characterization of a small alien-segment translocation line carrying the softness genes of haynaldia villosa.the wheat-alien small segment translocation (sast) lines carrying the beneficial genes from wild species are useful genetic stocks for wheat improvement. in this study, to introduce the grain hardness-related genes of haynaldia villosa (l.) schur. into common wheat (triticum aesitivum l.), the mature female gametes of whole-arm wheat--h. villosa translocation line t5vs·5dl was irradiated by 60co-γ ray to develop sast lines involving 5vs. among the bc2f2 population, six homozygous sast lines with ...201222900990
the effects of root endophyte and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth and cadmium accumulation in wheat under cadmium toxicity.the effects of piriformospora indica and glomus mosseae on some growth and physiological parameters, and cadmium (cd) amounts in triticum aestivum cv. sardari39 plants under the toxic levels of cd were investigated. the experiment was carried out including four treatments (p. indica inoculation, g. mosseae inoculation, co-inoculation of g. mosseae and p. indica, and non-inoculation), each having four cd concentrations (0, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 mm cd). in non-inoculated plants, by increasing cd concen ...201222902797
effects of exogenous nitric oxide in wheat seedlings under chilling stress.the effects of nitric oxide (no) on chilling tolerance (contents of hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) and superoxide anion (o2 (-)) and lipid peroxidation level (malondialdehyde, mda)) and the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (sod), peroxidase (pox) and catalase (cat)) were investigated in the leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) exposed to chilling. no treatment was carried out through spraying of sodium nitroprusside (snp), which is a donor of no. to do this, snp concentrations ...201422903172
chemically enhanced phytoextraction of risk elements from a contaminated agricultural soil using zea mays and triticum aestivum: performance and metal mobilization over a three year period.enhanced phytoextraction using edta for the remediation of an agricultural soil contaminated with less mobile risk elements cd and pb originating from smelting activities in príbram (czech republic) was assessed on the laboratory and the field scale. edta was applied to the first years crop zea mays. metal mobilization and metal uptake by the plants in the soil were monitored for two additional years when triticum aestivum was planted. the application ofedta effectively increased water-soluble c ...201222908642
abiotic stress-responsive expression of wali1 and wali5 genes from wheat.two cdna clones, encoding aluminum-responsive wali1 and wali5, were identified in dehydration stress-specific cdna library from wheat. their sequence variations and structural dissimilarities indicated them to be non-homologous genes. expression of both genes was induced by various abiotic stresses as well as in response to plant hormones and oxidative molecules. further, they were expressed differentially in shoot and root tissues of wheat seedlings, their transcripts being specifically abundan ...201222918504
combining peak- and chromatogram-based retention time alignment algorithms for multiple chromatography-mass spectrometry datasets.modern analytical methods in biology and chemistry use separation techniques coupled to sensitive detectors, such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (lc-ms). these hyphenated methods provide high-dimensional data. comparing such data manually to find corresponding signals is a laborious task, as each experiment usually consists of thousands of individual scans, each containing hundreds or even thousands of distinct signals. in order to all ...201222920415
dimerization and protease resistance: new insight into the function of pr-1.the group 1 pathogenesis-related (pr-1) proteins have long been considered hallmarks of hypersensitive response/defense pathways in plants, but their biochemical functions are still obscure despite resolution of the nmr/x-ray structures of several pr-1-like proteins, including p14a (the prototype pr-1). we report here the characterization of two basic pr-1 proteins (pr-1-1 and pr-1-5) recently identified from hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum). both proteins were expressed in pichia pastoris as ...201322921679
allelopathic effect of ashwagandha against the germination and radicle growth of cicer arietinum and triticum aestivum.ashwagandha (withania somnifera) is an important medicinal plant in indian traditional system of medicine and traditionally has been used for several medicinal purposes in the indian subcontinent.201222923955
bacterial putative metacaspase structure from geobacter sulfureducens as a template for homology modeling of type ii triticum aestivum metacaspase (taemcaii).metacaspases, cysteine proteases belonging to the peptidase c14 family, are suspected of being involved in the programmed cell death of plants, although their sequences and substrate specificity differ from those of animal caspases. at present, the knowledge on the metacaspase reaction mechanism is based only on biochemical data and homology models constructed on caspase templates. here we propose a novel template for metacaspase modeling and demonstrate important advantages in comparison to the ...201222924162
increased gibberellin contents contribute to accelerated growth and development of transgenic tobacco overexpressing a wheat ubiquitin gene.overexpressing taub2 promoted stem growth and resulted in early flowering in transgenic tobacco plants. ubiquitin are involved in the production, metabolism and proper function of gibberellin. the ubiquitin-26s proteasome system (ups), in which ubiquitin (ub) functions as a marker, is a post-translational regulatory system that plays a prominent role in various biological processes. to investigate the impact of different ub levels on plant growth and development, transgenic tobacco (nicotiana ta ...201222926030
three-dimensional temporal and spatial distribution of adult rhyzopertha dominica in stored wheat and corn under different temperatures, moisture contents, and adult densities.three-dimensional temporal and spatial distributions of adult rhyzopertha dominica (f.) at adult densities of 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 adults per kg grain and at 20 +/- 1, 25 +/- 1, and 30 +/- 1 degrees c were determined in 1.5 t bins filled with wheat (triticum aestivum l.) with 11.0 +/- 0.8, 13.0 +/- 0.6, and 15.0 +/- 0.5% moisture content (wet basis) or corn (zea mays l.) with 13.0 +/- 0.2% moisture content (wet basis). at each of five sampled locations, grain was separated into three 15-kg vertica ...201222928298
intraspecific sequence comparisons reveal similar rates of non-collinear gene insertion in the b and d genomes of bread wheat.polyploidization is considered one of the main mechanisms of plant genome evolution. the presence of multiple copies of the same gene reduces selection pressure and permits sub-functionalization and neo-functionalization leading to plant diversification, adaptation and speciation. in bread wheat, polyploidization and the prevalence of transposable elements resulted in massive gene duplication and movement. as a result, the number of genes which are non-collinear to genomes of related species see ...201222935214
development of chromosome-arm-specific microsatellite markers in triticum aestivum (poaceae) using ngs technology.the aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of developing chromosome-arm-specific microsatellite markers in wheat on a large scale based on chromosome survey sequences obtained with next-generation sequencing (ngs) technology.201222935363
chemometric formulation of bacterial consortium-avs for improved decolorization of resonance-stabilized and heteropolyaromatic dyes.a bacterial consortium-avs, consisting of pseudomonas desmolyticum ncim 2112, kocuria rosea mtcc 1532 and micrococcus glutamicus ncim 2168 was formulated chemometrically, using the mixture design matrix based on the design of experiments methodology. the formulated consortium-avs decolorized acid blue 15 and methylene blue with a higher average decolorization rate, which is more rapid than that of the pure cultures. the uv-vis spectrophotometric, fourier transform infra red spectrophotometric an ...201222940340
introgression of a leaf rust resistance gene from aegilops caudata to bread wheat.rusts are the most important biotic constraints limiting wheat productivity worldwide. deployment of cultivars with broad spectrum rust resistance is the only environmentally viable option to combat these diseases. identification and introgression of novel sources of resistance is a continuous process to combat the ever evolving pathogens. the germplasm of nonprogenitor aegilops species with substantial amount of variability has been exploited to a limited extent. in the present investigation in ...201222942085
marker-assisted selection of high molecular weight glutenin alleles related to bread-making quality in iranian common wheat (triticum aestivum l.).bread-making quality in hexaploid wheats is a complex trait. it has been shown that the amount and composition of protein can influence dough rheological properties. the high-molecular-weight (hmw) glutenins are encoded by a complex locus, glu-1, on the long arm of group-1 homoeologus chromosome of the a, b and d genomes. in this work we used pcr-based dna markers as a substitution tool to distinguish wheat bread-making quality. we detected pcr-based dna markers for coding sequence of glu-a1x, g ...201222942089
cerealsdb 2.0: an integrated resource for plant breeders and scientists.food security is an issue that has come under renewed scrutiny amidst concerns that substantial yield increases in cereal crops are required to feed the world's booming population. wheat is of fundamental importance in this regard being one of the three most important crops for both human consumption and livestock feed; however, increase in crop yields have not kept pace with the demands of a growing world population. in order to address this issue, plant breeders require new molecular tools to ...201222943283
[immunotoxicologic assessment of genetically modified drought-resistant wheat t349 with gmdreb1].to assess the immunotoxicologic effects of genetically modified drought resistant wheat t349 with gmdreb1 gene.201222943906
[chromosome pairing in wheat-rye abdr hybrids depends on the microsporogenesis pattern].the character of chromosome pairing in meiocytes was studied in f1 wheat-rye triticum aestivum l. x secale cereale l. (abdr, 4x = 28) hybrids with three types of chromosome behavior: reductional, equational, and equational + reductional. a high variation of the frequencies of bivalents and ring univalents was observed in meiocytes with the reductional or equational + reductional type of chromosome behavior. the type of chromosome division was found to affect the bivalent and ring univalent frequ ...201222946327
insecticidal management and movement of the brown stink bug, euschistus servus, in corn.in eastern north carolina, some brown stink bugs, euschistus servus (say) (hemiptera: pentatomidae) are suspected to pass the f(1) generation in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) (poales: poaceae) before moving into corn (zea mays l.) (poales: poaceae). these pests can injure corn ears as they develop. to test their effectiveness as a management tactic, pyrethroids were aerially applied to field corn in two experiments, one with 0.77 ha plots and another with 85 ha plots. euschistus servus population ...201122950984
the role of protein hydrophobicity in thionin-phospholipid interactions: a comparison of α1 and α2-purothionin adsorbed anionic phospholipid monolayers.the plant defence proteins α1- and α2-purothionin (pth) are type 1 thionins from common wheat (triticum aestivum). these highly homologous proteins possess characteristics common amongst antimicrobial peptides and proteins, that is, cationic charge, amphiphilicity and hydrophobicity. both α1- and α2-pth possess the same net charge, but differ in relative hydrophobicity as determined by c18 reversed phase hplc. brewster angle microscopy, x-ray and neutron reflectometry, external reflection ftir a ...201222955734
mapping of wheat mitochondrial mrna termini and comparison with breakpoints in dna homology among plants.mitochondrial dna rearrangements occur very frequently in flowering plants and when close to genes there must be concomitant acquisition of new regulatory cis-elements. to explore whether there might be limits to such dna shuffling, we have mapped the termini of mitochondrial mrnas in wheat, a monocot, and compared them to the known positions for counterpart genes in the eudicot arabidopsis. nine genes share homologous 3' utrs over their full-length and for six of them, the termini map very clos ...201222956245
metabolite profiling of a diverse collection of wheat lines using ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry.genetic differences among major types of wheat are well characterized; however, little is known about how these distinctions affect the small molecule profile of the wheat seed. ethanol/water (65% v/v) extracts of seed from 45 wheat lines representing 3 genetically distinct classes, tetraploid durum (triticum turgidum subspecies durum) (dw) and hexaploid hard and soft bread wheat (t. aestivum subspecies aestivum) (bw) were subjected to ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of- ...201222957002
cool-season annual pastures with clovers to supplement wintering beef cows nursing calves.in december of 3 years, 87 beef cows with nursing calves (594 ± 9.8 kg; calving season, september to november) at side were stratified by body condition score, body weight, cow age, and calf gender and divided randomly into 6 groups assigned to 1 of 6 cool-season annual pastures (0.45 ha/cow) that had been interseeded into a dormant common bermudagrass (cynodon dactylon [l.] pers.)/bahiagrass (paspalum notatum flugge) sod. pastures contained 1 of the following 3 seeding mixtures (2 pastures/mixt ...201222958279
homoeology of thinopyrum junceum and elymus rectisetus chromosomes to wheat and disease resistance conferred by the thinopyrum and elymus chromosomes in wheat.thirteen common wheat "chinese spring" (cs)-thinopyrum junceum addition lines and three common wheat "fukuhokomuji"(fuku)-elymus rectisetus addition lines were characterized and verified as disomic additions of a th. junceum or e. rectisetus chromosome in the wheat backgrounds by fluorescent genomic in situ hybridization. another fuku-e. rectisetus addition line, a1048, was found to contain multiple segregating e. rectisetus chromosomes. seven partial cs-th. junceum amphiploids were identified t ...201222968763
tolerance of photosynthesis to photoinhibition, high temperature and drought stress in flag leaves of wheat: a comparison between a hybridization line and its parents grown under field conditions.photosynthesis and its tolerance to photoinhibition, high temperature and drought stress of flag leaves were investigated in a wheat (triticum aestivum l.) hybridization line (1-12) and its parents (jing-411 and xiaoyan-54). from the beginning of flowering to the 10th day, light-saturated co(2) assimilation rate (p(max)) showed no significant decrease and p(max) of 1-12 was comparable to that of its parents. from the 20th day, p(max) decreased significantly and this decrease was much less in 1-1 ...200622980209
expression of α-amylase inhibitors in diploid triticum species.the aim of the work was to characterize the expression of various α-amylase inhibitors (αais), well known anti-nutritional compounds, for the development of healthier diploid wheat-based functional foods. the salt-soluble protein fractions from the seeds of 53 accessions among triticum monococcum subsp. monococcum (t.m.), t. monococcum subsp. boeoticum (t.b.) and triticum urartu (t.u.) were analyzed by immunoblotting after sds-page and urea-page using polyclonal antibodies (pabs) raised against ...201222980853
identification of the tabtf3 gene in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and the effect of its silencing on wheat chloroplast, mitochondria and mesophyll cell development.the full-length cdna (882bp) and dna (1742bp) sequences encoding a basic transcription factor 3, designated as tabtf3, were first isolated from common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). subcellular localization studies revealed that the tabtf3 protein was mainly located in the cytoplasm and nucleus. in tabtf3-silenced transgenic wheat seedlings obtained using the virus-induced gene silencing (vigs) method, the chlorophyll pigment content was markedly reduced. however, the malonaldehyde (mda) and h(2) ...201222982315
acclimation of leaf nitrogen to vertical light gradient at anthesis in wheat is a whole-plant process that scales with the size of the canopy.vertical leaf nitrogen (n) gradient within a canopy is classically considered as a key adaptation to the local light environment that would tend to maximize canopy photosynthesis. we studied the vertical leaf n gradient with respect to the light gradient for wheat (triticum aestivum) canopies with the aims of quantifying its modulation by crop n status and genetic variability and analyzing its ecophysiological determinants. the vertical distribution of leaf n and light was analyzed at anthesis f ...201222984122
waxy genes from spelt wheat: new alleles for modern wheat breeding and new phylogenetic inferences about the origin of this species.waxy proteins are responsible for amylose synthesis in wheat seeds, being encoded by three waxy genes (wx-a1, wx-b1 and wx-d1) in hexaploid wheat. in addition to their role in starch quality, waxy loci have been used to study the phylogeny of wheat. the origin of european spelt (triticum aestivum ssp. spelta) is not clear. this study compared waxy gene sequences of a spanish spelt collection with their homologous genes in emmer (t. turgidum ssp. dicoccum), durum (t. turgidum ssp. durum) and comm ...201222984164
ecophysiology of nickel phytoaccumulation: a simplified biophysical approach.solute active transport or exclusion by plants can be identified by the values of the transpiration stream concentration factor (tscf=xylem:solution solute concentration ratio). the aim of this study was to estimate this parameter for ni uptake by the ni-hyperaccumulator leptoplax emarginata or the ni-excluder triticum aestivum cultivar 'fidel'. the intact plant tscf for nickel (iptscf(ni)) was calculated as the ratio between the nickel mass accumulation in the leaves and the nickel concentratio ...201222987839
[identity of the rht-11 and rht-b1e reduced plant height genes].the rht (reduced plant height) genes provided a basis for the "green revolution", which led to a substantial increase in wheat productivity. more than 20 rht genes are now known in wheat, rht-b1 and rht-11 being among the most important ones. analysis of a segregating f2 population and molecular analysis of the common wheat cultivars carrying the rht-11 gene showed that the rht-11 and rht-b1e genes are identical.201222988778
transcriptome-scale homoeolog-specific transcript assemblies of bread wheat.bread wheat is one of the world's most important food crops and considerable efforts have been made to develop genomic resources for this species. this includes an on-going project by the international wheat genome sequencing consortium to assemble its large and complex genome, which is hexaploid and contains three closely related 'homoeologous' copies for each chromosome. this multi-national effort avoids the complications polyploidy entails for correct assembly of the genome by sequencing flow ...201222989011
down-regulation of the tagw2 gene by rna interference results in decreased grain size and weight in wheat.for important food crops such as wheat and rice, grain yield depends on grain number and size. in rice (oryza sativa), gw2 was isolated from a major quantitative trait locus for yield and encodes an e3 ring ligase that negatively regulates grain size. wheat (triticum aestivum) has tagw2 homologues in the a, b, and d genomes, and polymorphisms in tagw2-a were associated with grain width. here, to investigate tagw2 function, rna interference (rnai) was used to down-regulate tagw2 transcript levels ...201222996678
isolation and characterization of a bread wheat salinity responsive erf transcription factor.a screen conducted on both a suppression subtractive hybridization and a full length cdna library made from a salinity tolerant bread wheat cultivar sr3 (triticum aestivum cv. sr3) resulted in the recognition of taerf4, a gene including both an ap2/erf domain and a nuclear localization signal. the 982 bp taerf4 cdna comprised a 582 bp open reading frame, encoding a 193 residue polypeptide of molecular weight 20 kda and calculated pi 8.48. a taerf4-gfp fusion protein localized preferentially to t ...201223000066
functional characterization of wheat copalyl diphosphate synthases sheds light on the early evolution of labdane-related diterpenoid metabolism in the cereals.two of the most agriculturally important cereal crop plants are wheat (triticum aestivum) and rice (oryza sativa). rice has been shown to produce a number of diterpenoid natural products as phytoalexins and/or allelochemicals--specifically, labdane-related diterpenoids, whose biosynthesis proceeds via formation of an eponymous labdadienyl/copalyl diphosphate (cpp) intermediate (e.g., the ent-cpp of gibberellin phytohormone biosynthesis). similar to rice, wheat encodes a number of cpp synthases ( ...023009878
functional characterization of wheat ent-kaurene(-like) synthases indicates continuing evolution of labdane-related diterpenoid metabolism in the cereals.wheat (triticum aestivum) and rice (oryza sativa) are two of the most agriculturally important cereal crop plants. rice is known to produce numerous diterpenoid natural products that serve as phytoalexins and/or allelochemicals. specifically, these are labdane-related diterpenoids, derived from a characteristic labdadienyl/copalyl diphosphate (cpp), whose biosynthetic relationship to gibberellin biosynthesis is evident from the relevant expanded and functionally diverse family of ent-kaurene syn ...023009879
cloning and comparative analysis of carotenoid β-hydroxylase genes provides new insights into carotenoid metabolism in tetraploid (triticum turgidum ssp. durum) and hexaploid (triticum aestivum) wheat grains.carotenoid β-hydroxylases attach hydroxyl groups to the β-ionone rings (β-rings) of carotenoid substrates, resulting in modified structures and functions of carotenoid molecules. we cloned and characterized two genes (each with three homeologs), hyd1 and hyd2, which encode β-hydroxylases in wheat. the results from bioinformatic and nested degenerate pcr analyses collectively suggest that hyd1 and hyd2 may represent the entire complement of non-heme di-iron β-hydroxylases in wheat. the homeologs ...201223015203
responses of seedling growth and antioxidant activity to excess iron and copper in triticum aestivum l.the purpose of this study was to analyze phytotoxicity mechanism involved in root growth and to compare physiological changes in the leaves of wheat seedlings exposed to short term iron (fe) and copper (cu) stresses (0, 100, 300 and 500μm). all applied fe or cu concentrations reduced root and shoot lengths, but seed germination was inhibited by cu only at 500μm. analyses using fluorescent dye 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate indicated enhanced h(2)o(2) levels in seedling roots under fe ...201223025893
archaeobotanical study of ancient food and cereal remains at the astana cemeteries, xinjiang, china.starch grain, phytolith and cereal bran fragments were analyzed in order to identify the food remains including cakes, dumplings, as well as porridge unearthed at the astana cemeteries in turpan of xinjiang, china. the results suggest that the cakes were made from triticum aestivum while the dumplings were made from triticum aestivum, along with setaria italica. the ingredients of the porridge remains emanated from panicum miliaceum. moreover, direct macrobotantical evidence of the utilization o ...201223028807
the introgression of rnai silencing of γ-gliadins into commercial lines of bread wheat changes the mixing and technological properties of the dough.in the present work the effects on dough quality by the down-regulation of γ-gliadins in different genetic backgrounds of bread wheat were investigated. rnai-mediated silencing of γ-gliadins was introgressed by conventional crossing into three commercial bread wheat lines (namely 'gazul', 'podenco' and 'arpain'), and along with the transgenic line a1152 (cv. bobwhite) compared with their respective wild types. the protein fractions were quantified by rp-hplc, whereas the technological and mixing ...201223029328
growth, photosynthetic activity and oxidative stress in wheat (triticum aestivum) after exposure of lead to soil.the present study was conducted to assess quantitative information about lead (pb) contamination in soil on the growth and physiology of wheat. solutions with three different concentrations of pb as [pb(no3)2 at 500, 1000 and 2500 microm] were incorporated into the soil to achieve pb-stressed conditions in comparison to unstressed, water treated, control variant. wheat growth measured in terms of root length, shoot length and dry weight exhibited a significant decline with increasing pb concentr ...201223033692
[a cytogenetic study of the blue-grain line of the common wheat cultivar saratovskaya 29].the chromosome composition of the blue-grain line i:s29ba of the cultivar saratovskaya 29 was identified by cytological, gish, and microsatellite analyses and c-banding. it was found that common wheat chromosome 4b of the cultivar saratovskaya 29 was substituted with the agropyron elongatum host. chromosome carrying the gene for blue grain (s:s294ag(4b)) during the construction of this nearly isogenic line. the blue-grain line was tested for productivity. the substitution of total chromosome 4b ...023035544
will intra-specific differences in transpiration efficiency in wheat be maintained in a high co₂ world? a face study.this study evaluates whether the target breeding trait of superior leaf level transpiration efficiency is still appropriate under increasing carbon dioxide levels of a future climate using a semi-arid cropping system as a model. specifically, we investigated whether physiological traits governing leaf level transpiration efficiency, such as net assimilation rates (a(net)), stomatal conductance (g(s)) or stomatal sensitivity were affected differently between two triticum aestivum l. cultivars dif ...201323035842
comparative transcriptome profiling in winter wheat grown under different agricultural practices.wheat (triticum aestivum l.), one of the three most important cereal crops worldwide, has a dominant position in europe due to its adaptability and consumer acceptance particularly as an organic food commodity. organic agriculture is developing rapidly, and its authenticity is presently a subject of great concern to food authorities, as incorrect labeling can represent commercial fraud. a comparative transcriptome profiling was conducted on winter wheat flag leaves of several cultivars growing i ...201223039160
a novel wheat α-amylase inhibitor gene, tahps, significantly improves the salt and drought tolerance of transgenic arabidopsis.on the basis of microarray analyses of the salt-tolerant wheat mutant rh8706-49, a previously unreported salt-induced gene, designated as tahps [triticum aestivum hypothetical (hps)-like protein], was cloned. real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses showed that expression of the gene was induced by abscisic acid, salt and drought. the encoded protein was found to be localized mainly in the plasma membranes. transgenic arabidopsis plants overexpressing tahps were more tolerant to ...201323039848
an r2r3 myb transcription factor in wheat, tapimp1, mediates host resistance to bipolaris sorokiniana and drought stresses through regulation of defense- and stress-related genes.in this study, we report new insights into the function of a wheat (triticum aestivum) myb gene tapimp1 through overexpression and underexpression, and its underlying mechanism in wheat. electrophoretic mobility shift and yeast-one-hybrid assays indicated that tapimp1 can bind to five myb-binding sites including aci, and activate the expression of the genes with the cis-element, confirming that tapimp1 is an myb transcription activator. tapimp1-overexpressing transgenic wheat exhibited significa ...201223046089
phytochemical profile and nutraceutical value of old and modern common wheat cultivars.among health-promoting phytochemicals in whole grains, phenolic compounds have gained attention as they have strong antioxidant properties and can protect against many degenerative diseases. aim of this study was to profile grain phenolic extracts of one modern and five old common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) varieties and to evaluate their potential antiproliferative or cytoprotective effect in different cell culture systems.wheat extracts were characterized in terms of antioxidant activity and ...201223049918
anther extrusion and plant height are associated with type i resistance to fusarium head blight in bread wheat line 'shanghai-3/catbird'.fusarium head blight (fhb) is a destructive wheat disease of global importance. resistance breeding depends heavily on the fhb1 gene. the cimmyt line shanghai-3/catbird (sha3/cbrd) is a promising source without this gene. a recombinant inbred line (ril) population from the cross of sha3/cbrd with the german spring wheat cv. naxos was evaluated for fhb resistance and related traits in field trials using spray and spawn inoculation in norway and point inoculation in china. after spray and spawn in ...201323052019
single-copy gene fluorescence in situ hybridization and genome analysis: acc-2 loci mark evolutionary chromosomal rearrangements in wheat.fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) is a useful tool for physical mapping of chromosomes and studying evolutionary chromosome rearrangements. here we report a robust method for single-copy gene fish for wheat. fish probes were developed from cdna of cytosolic acetyl-coa carboxylase (accase) gene (acc-2) and mapped on chromosomes of bread wheat, triticum aestivum l. (2n = 6x = 42, aabbdd), and related diploid and tetraploid species. another nine full-length (fl) cdna fish probes were mapped ...201223052335
genome-wide identification, classification and expression analysis of genes encoding putative fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l.).fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins (flas), a subclass of arabinogalactan proteins (agps), have both predicted agp-like glycosylated regions and putative fasciclin (fas) domains, which may function in cell adhesion and communication. previous studies have identified 21, 27, and 34 flas in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), rice (oryza sativa), and wheat (triticum aestivum), respectively. in this study, we identified 33 flas in the annotated genome of chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. peki ...201223053954
effects of ion beams pretreatment on damage of uv-b radiation on seedlings of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.).the seeds of winter wheat were pretreated with three different doses of low-energy n(+) beams, and its seedlings were subjected to uv-b irradiation (10.08 kj m(-2) day(-1)) at three-leaves stage. the growth characteristic of seeds, the oxidative damage to membrane system induced by uv-b radiation, and the alleviating effects of n(+) beams pretreatment to radiation damage were investigated. the results showed that the germination rate and seedling rate, respectively, increased 14.09 ± 1.03 and 13 ...201223054823
comparative analysis of genome composition in triticeae reveals strong variation in transposable element dynamics and nucleotide diversity.a 454 sequencing snapshot was utilised to investigate the genome composition and nucleotide diversity of transposable elements (tes) for several triticeae taxa, including triticum aestivum, hordeum vulgare, hordeum spontaneum and secale cereale together with relatives of the a, b and d genome donors of wheat, triticum urartu (a), aegilops speltoides (s) and aegilops tauschii (d). additional taxa containing the a genome, triticum monococcum and its wild relative triticum boeoticum, were also incl ...201323057663
a study of the role of gene tamyb2 and an associated snp in dehydration tolerance in common wheat.the myeloblastosis oncogenes (myb) are one of the important transcription factors that facilitate induction of various developmental and stress responsive genes. they are hence, emerging as key players in improving stress tolerance of plants in response to several abiotic stresses. therefore, isolation and characterization of these genes, development of transgenics and functional molecular markers for useful alleles is central to various crop improvement programs. in this manuscript, we for the ...201223065204
skp1-like-related genes interact with various f-box proteins and may form scf complexes with cullin-f-box proteins in wheat.s-phase kinase-associated protein 1 (skp1), a core component of the skp1-cullin-f-box (scf) e3 ubiquitin ligase complex, functions as an adaptor protein, connecting cullin and f-box proteins. skp1 plays crucial roles in cell-cycle progression, transcriptional regulation, flower formation, signal transduction, and many other cellular processes. skp1-like genes have been largely unstudied in wheat. here, we isolated six wheat skp1-like (taskp) genes from common wheat (triticum aestivum) and analyz ...201323065282
zinc induced phytotoxicity mechanism involved in root growth of triticum aestivum l.this study investigated the inhibition mechanism of root growth in wheat seedlings when exposed to different zinc (zn) concentrations. all applied zn concentration did not affect seed germination, but reduced root length; in contrast, only zn at 3mm inhibited significantly the growth of shoot. the loss of cell viability and the significant increases of lignification as well as the increases of hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)), superoxide radical (o(2)(-)) and malondialdehyde levels were observed in ...201223067545
differential growth and yield by canola (brassica napus l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) arising from alterations in chemical properties of sandy soils due to additions of fly ash.there is a need for field trials on testing agronomic potential of coal fly ash to engender routine use of this technology. two field trials were undertaken with alkaline and acidic fly ashes supplied at between 3 and 6 mg ha⁻¹ to acidic soils and sown to wheat and canola at richmond (eastern australia) and to wheat only at merredin (western australia).201323070937
[phenotypic effects of puroindoline gene alleles of bread wheat].85 winter bread wheat varieties and lines that have been developed mostly in ukraine were analyzed with nir for parameters of hardness and protein content. the hardness data were compared with the data of puroindoline gene alleles analysis done earlier and the published data. significant variation of parameters of hardness was revealed when there was low polymorphism of puroindoline genes indicating the presence of additional genes that influence the hardness parameters.201223074957
potential of antioxidant enzymes in depicting drought tolerance of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).in an effort to determine the biochemical markers for identifying genotypes before sowing for drought tolerance, changes in activities of antioxidant enzymes were determined in the seedlings of five drought-tolerant and five drought-sensitive wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genotypes, each with different genetic background growing under normal and water deficit conditions induced by 6% mannitol. in comparison with non-stressed seedlings, the catalase (cat) activity was upregulated by more than 50% ...201223077787
influence of nine antibiotics on key secondary metabolites and physiological characteristics in triticum aestivum: leaf volatiles as a promising new tool to assess toxicity.extensive worldwide use of antibiotics has resulted in significant diffuse pollution of antibiotics in environment, but understanding the effects of many important antibiotics on plant physiological activity is still limited, especially at realistic environmental concentrations of antibiotics. to gain insight into influences of different antibiotics on plant performance and identify the most promising traits for fast assessment of toxicity, we studied impacts of nine antibiotics (amoxicillin, am ...201323084040
molecular mapping of yr53, a new gene for stripe rust resistance in durum wheat accession pi 480148 and its transfer to common wheat.stripe rust, caused by puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (pst), is one of the most damaging diseases of wheat worldwide. it is essential to identify new genes for effective resistance against the disease. durum wheat pi 480148, originally from ethiopia, was resistant in all seedling tests with several predominant pst races in the us under controlled greenhouse conditions and at multiple locations subject to natural infection for several years. to map the resistance gene(s) and to transfer it t ...201323090143
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