Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| description of campylobacter curvus and c. curvus-like strains associated with sporadic episodes of bloody gastroenteritis and brainerd's diarrhea. | campylobacter curvus is a rarely encountered campylobacter species in human, animal, and environmental samples. during the course of two investigations, one involving a search for possible bacterial agents causing bloody gastroenteritis and a second concerning a small outbreak of brainerd's diarrhea in northern california, 20 strains of c. curvus or c. curvus-like organisms were isolated by a microfiltration technique and prolonged incubation. the results suggest that c. curvus may be an underap ... | 2005 | 15695649 |
| molecular identification of a novel deltaproteobacterium as the etiologic agent of epizootic bovine abortion (foothill abortion). | epizootic bovine abortion (eba) is endemic in california's coastal range and the foothill regions of the sierra nevada, where it has been the primary diagnosed cause of abortion in beef cattle for >50 years. investigation of these losses has defined a specific fetal syndrome characterized by late-term abortion or birth of weak or dead calves. although the unusual clinical presentation and unique fetal pathology associated with eba have been recognized since the 1950s, the identity of the etiolog ... | 2005 | 15695652 |
| detection and identification of enterocytozoon bieneusi and encephalitozoon species in stool and urine specimens by pcr and differential hybridization. | several species of microsporidia can cause disease in humans in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. enterocytozoon bieneusi and encephalitozoon intestinalis are most commonly associated with chronic diarrhea. all encephalitozoon species, including e. intestinalis, e. hellem, and e. cuniculi, also cause disseminated infections. as distinctive treatment options are available for the different genera, identification is clinically important. we evaluated a pcr with primers direct ... | 2005 | 15695653 |
| characterization of cytolethal distending toxin of campylobacter species isolated from captive macaque monkeys. | an association between certain campylobacter species and enterocolitis in humans and nonhuman primates is well established, but the association between cytolethal distending toxin and disease is incompletely understood. the purpose of the present study was to examine campylobacter species isolated from captive conventionally raised macaque monkeys for the presence of the cdtb gene and for cytolethal distending toxin activity. the identity of each isolate was confirmed on the basis of phenotypic ... | 2005 | 15695658 |
| specialized microbial databases for inductive exploration of microbial genome sequences. | the enormous amount of genome sequence data asks for user-oriented databases to manage sequences and annotations. queries must include search tools permitting function identification through exploration of related objects. | 2005 | 15698474 |
| diversity within the campylobacter jejuni type i restriction-modification loci. | the type i restriction-modification (hsd) systems of 73 campylobacter jejuni strains were characterized according to their dna and amino acid sequences, and/or gene organization. a number of new genes were identified which are not present in the sequenced strain nctc 11168. the closely related organism helicobacter pylori has three type i systems; however, no evidence was found that c. jejuni strains contain multiple type i systems, although hsd loci are present in at least two different chromos ... | 2005 | 15699185 |
| a novel method for accurate operon predictions in all sequenced prokaryotes. | we combine comparative genomic measures and the distance separating adjacent genes to predict operons in 124 completely sequenced prokaryotic genomes. our method automatically tailors itself to each genome using sequence information alone, and thus can be applied to any prokaryote. for escherichia coli k12 and bacillus subtilis, our method is 85 and 83% accurate, respectively, which is similar to the accuracy of methods that use the same features but are trained on experimentally characterized t ... | 2005 | 15701760 |
| etiology of diarrhea in pediatric outpatient settings. | the frequency with which bacteria cause diarrhea evaluated in ambulatory settings is often unknown. we attempted to determine the microbiologic etiology of diarrhea in a private pediatric practice (site a) and a clinic serving largely immigrant children (site b) and to establish guidelines for bacterial culture. | 2005 | 15702043 |
| development of an indirect competitive elisa for detection of campylobacter jejuni subsp.jejuni o:23 in foods. | an indirect enzyme immunoassay for rapid detection of campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni 0:23 has been developed. optimum concentrations of immobilized cells, polyclonal chicken igy, and rabbit anti-igy antibody-horseradish peroxidase conjugate were 3.1 cfu/nl, 10 microg/ml, and 8 microg/ml, respectively. under such conditions, the detection limit reached 50 cfu/microl, limit of quantification being 480 cfu/microl. by testing 5 chromogens, viz. 1,2-benzenediamine, 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazo ... | 2004 | 15702549 |
| clustering the annotation space of proteins. | current protein clustering methods rely on either sequence or functional similarities between proteins, thereby limiting inferences to one of these areas. | 2005 | 15703069 |
| engineering n-linked protein glycosylation with diverse o antigen lipopolysaccharide structures in escherichia coli. | campylobacter jejuni has a general n-linked protein glycosylation system that can be functionally transferred to escherichia coli. in this study, we engineered e. coli cells in a way that two different pathways, protein n-glycosylation and lipopolysaccharide (lps) biosynthesis, converge at the step in which pglb, the key enzyme of the c. jejuni n-glycosylation system, transfers o polysaccharide from a lipid carrier (undecaprenyl pyrophosphate) to an acceptor protein. pglb was the only protein of ... | 2005 | 15703289 |
| overexpression of gd1a ganglioside sensitizes motor nerve terminals to anti-gd1a antibody-mediated injury in a model of acute motor axonal neuropathy. | anti-gd1a ganglioside antibodies (abs) are the serological hallmark of the acute motor axonal form of the post-infectious paralysis, guillain-barre syndrome. development of a disease model in mice has been impeded by the weak immunogenicity of gangliosides and the apparent resistance of gd1a-containing neural membranes to anti-gd1a antibody-mediated injury. here we used mice with altered ganglioside biosynthesis to generate such a model at motor nerve terminals. first, we bypassed immunological ... | 2005 | 15716397 |
| campylobacter spp. in new zealand raw sheep liver and human campylobacteriosis cases. | sheep liver samples were tested for the presence and numbers of campylobacter jejuni and c. coli during both spring and autumn. over the same period, isolates were obtained from human clinical cases from the same geographical area as where the food samples were purchased. a subset of the c. jejuni isolates was typed by both penner serotyping and pulsed field gel electrophoresis using the restriction enzyme smai, to estimate the proportion of liver isolate types that were also isolated from human ... | 2005 | 15718033 |
| relative predicted protein levels of functionally associated proteins are conserved across organisms. | we show that the predicted protein levels of functionally related proteins change in a coordinated fashion over many unicellular organisms. for each protein, we created a profile containing a protein abundance measure in each of a set of organisms. we show that for functionally related proteins these profiles tend to be correlated. using the codon adaptation index as a predictor of protein abundance in 48 unicellular organisms, we demonstrated this phenomenon for two types of functional relation ... | 2005 | 15718304 |
| does campylobacter jejuni infection elicit "demyelinating" guillain-barré syndrome? | 2005 | 15728323 | |
| variation in the strength of selected codon usage bias among bacteria. | among bacteria, many species have synonymous codon usage patterns that have been influenced by natural selection for those codons that are translated more accurately and/or efficiently. however, in other species selection appears to have been ineffective. here, we introduce a population genetics-based model for quantifying the extent to which selection has been effective. the approach is applied to 80 phylogenetically diverse bacterial species for which whole genome sequences are available. the ... | 2005 | 15728743 |
| cmer functions as a transcriptional repressor for the multidrug efflux pump cmeabc in campylobacter jejuni. | cmeabc, a resistance-nodulation-division (rnd) type of efflux pump, contributes to campylobacter resistance to a broad spectrum of antimicrobial agents and is also essential for campylobacter colonization of the animal intestinal tract by mediation of bile resistance. as one of the main systems for campylobacter adaptation to different environments, cmeabc is likely subject to control by regulatory elements. we describe the identification of a transcriptional repressor for cmeabc. insertional mu ... | 2005 | 15728904 |
| translocation and surface expression of lipidated serogroup b capsular polysaccharide in neisseria meningitidis. | the capsule of n. meningitidis serogroup b, (alpha2-->8)-linked polysialic acid and the capsules of other meningococcal serogroups and of other gram-negative bacterial pathogens are anchored in the outer membrane through a 1,2-diacylglycerol moiety. previous work on the meningococcal cps complex in escherichia coli k-12 indicated that deletion of genes designated lipa and lipb caused intracellular accumulation of hyperelongated capsule polymers lacking the phospholipid substitution. to better un ... | 2005 | 15731047 |
| use of genome-wide expression profiling and mutagenesis to study the intestinal lifestyle of campylobacter jejuni. | campylobacter jejuni is the most common bacterial cause of diarrhea worldwide. to colonize the gut and cause infection, c. jejuni must successfully compete with endogenous microbes for nutrients, resist host defenses, persist in the intestine, and ultimately infect the host. these challenges require the expression of a battery of colonization and virulence determinants. in this study, the intestinal lifestyle of c. jejuni was studied using whole-genome microarray, mutagenesis, and a rabbit ileal ... | 2005 | 15731081 |
| investigation of bovine venereal campyloacteriosis in beef cow herds in new zealand. | to determine regional prevalences of beef cow herds in new zealand positive for campylobacter fetus subsp venerealis antibodies in samples of vaginal mucus tested using an immunoglobulin (ig) a enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), and to examine the suitability of the iga elisa for detecting infection with c. fetus subsp venerealis under field conditions in new zealand. | 2005 | 15731834 |
| genotype dynamics of campylobacter jejuni in a broiler flock. | we investigated the genotype diversity and dynamics of campylobacter in a commercial broiler flock during rearing and slaughter. in total, 220 campylobacter jejuni isolates collected on four sampling occasions during rearing and from routine sampling during slaughter were subtyped by smai macrorestriction and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, pfge. eight different smai types were found. during rearing, a subsequent addition of genotypes occurred, with two smai types found at 2 weeks of age and s ... | 2005 | 15737480 |
| prokaryotic phylogenies inferred from protein structural domains. | the determination of the phylogenetic relationships among microorganisms has long relied primarily on gene sequence information. given that prokaryotic organisms often lack morphological characteristics amenable to phylogenetic analysis, prokaryotic phylogenies, in particular, are often based on sequence data. in this work, we explore a new source of phylogenetic information, the distribution of protein structural domains within fully sequenced prokaryotic genomes. the evolution of the structura ... | 2005 | 15741510 |
| rifaximin: a nonabsorbed oral antibiotic. | rifaximin is a rifamycin analogue with a broad spectrum of activity similar to that of rifampin; however, because it is poorly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, the focus of its development has been on intestinal infections and diseases. this agent has proven to be as effective as ciprofloxacin in treating travelers' diarrhea due to escherichia coli, although it is ineffective in treating infections due to campylobacter jejuni. other potential uses for rifaximin in gastroenterologic disord ... | 2005 | 15741929 |
| temperature-dependent genome degradation in the coccoid form of campylobacter jejuni. | campylobacter jejuni undergoes a dramatic morphological transformation from a corkscrew-shaped rod to a coccoid form in response to unfavorable conditions. it has been speculated that the coccoid plays an important role in the survival and dissemination of c. jejuni but questions still remain regarding the viability of coccoid cells. characterization of the genome of coccoid cells found that newly formed coccoid cells (i.e., 1-3 days) had a smai-digestion profile identical to that of spiral-shap ... | 2005 | 15742237 |
| epidemiologic features of campylobacter infection among cats in the upper midwestern united states. | to describe the epidemiologic features of campylobacter infection among cats in the minneapolis-saint paul metropolitan area. | 2005 | 15742694 |
| tetracycline resistance of australian campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolates. | tetracycline resistance in campylobacter is encoded by the tet(o) gene and is usually associated with conjugative plasmids. little was known about tetracycline resistance in australian campylobacter species, therefore we investigated this resistance in 41 campylobacter jejuni and five campylobacter coli strains from humans and healthy chickens. | 2005 | 15743900 |
| borrelia burgdorferi sigma54 is required for mammalian infection and vector transmission but not for tick colonization. | previous studies have shown that a sigma54-sigma(s) cascade regulates the expression of a few key lipoproteins in borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of lyme disease. here, we demonstrate that these sigma factors, both together and independently, regulate a much more extensive number of genes and cellular processes. microarray analyses of sigma54 and sigma(s) mutant strains identified 305 genes regulated by sigma54 and 145 regulated by sigma(s), whereas the sigma54-sigma(s) regulatory cascade appear ... | 2005 | 15743918 |
| enumeration and diversity of campylobacters and bacteriophages isolated during the rearing cycles of free-range and organic chickens. | campylobacters and campylobacter-specific bacteriophages were isolated and enumerated during the rearing cycle of free-range (56 days) and organic chickens (73 days) at 3-day intervals from hatching until slaughter. in both flocks campylobacter jejuni was the initial colonizer but campylobacter coli was detected more frequently from 5 weeks of age. the diversity of the campylobacter isolates was examined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of smai-digested genomic dna and antimicrobial resistanc ... | 2005 | 15746327 |
| establishment of a universal size standard strain for use with the pulsenet standardized pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocols: converting the national databases to the new size standard. | the pulsenet national database, established by the centers for disease control and prevention in 1996, consists of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) patterns obtained from isolates of food-borne pathogens (currently escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella, shigella, and listeria) and textual information about the isolates. electronic images and accompanying text are submitted from over 60 u.s. public health and food regulatory agency laboratories. the pfge patterns are generated according to ... | 2005 | 15750058 |
| role of real-time molecular typing in the surveillance of campylobacter enteritis and comparison of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles from chicken and human isolates. | the goal of the present study was to assess the contribution of real-time molecular typing, used alone or with clinical surveillance, to the prompt identification of clusters of campylobacter enteritis. potential poultry sources were sought by comparing the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis genotypes of human and fresh whole retail chicken isolates collected during the same study period. among 183 human isolates, 82 (45%) had unique genotypes, 72 (39%) represented 26 clusters of 2 to 7 isolates e ... | 2005 | 15750069 |
| comparative typing of campylobacter jejuni by heat-stable serotyping and pcr-based restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. | campylobacter jejuni has become the most common bacterial cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide. rapid, discriminatory typing methods are required to identify potential clusters of infections. the major disadvantage of the well-evaluated and widely used penner heat-stable serotyping method is the high level of nontypeability. the correlation of the types determined by the penner heat-stable serotyping method and pcr-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis of the lipooli ... | 2005 | 15750078 |
| ligand binding properties of bacterial hemoglobins and flavohemoglobins. | bacterial hemoglobins and flavohemoglobins share a common globin fold but differ otherwise in structural and functional aspects. the bases of these differences were investigated through kinetic studies on oxygen, carbon monoxide, and nitric oxide binding. the novel bacterial hemoglobins from clostridium perfringens and campylobacter jejuni and the flavohemoglobins from bacillus subtilis and salmonella enterica serovar typhi have been analyzed. examination of the biochemical and ligand binding pr ... | 2005 | 15751990 |
| towards a better understanding of the substrate specificity of the udp-n-acetylglucosamine c4 epimerase wbpp. | wbpp is the only genuine udp-glcnac (udp-n-acetylglucosamine) c4 epimerase for which both biochemical and structural data are available. this represents a golden opportunity to elucidate the molecular basis for its specificity for n-acetylated substrates. based on the comparison of the substrate binding site of wbpp with that of other c4 epimerases that convert preferentially non-acetylated substrates, or that are able to convert both acetylated and non-acetylated substrates equally well, specif ... | 2005 | 15752069 |
| functional analysis of the campylobacter jejuni n-linked protein glycosylation pathway. | we describe in this report the characterization of the recently discovered n-linked glycosylation locus of the human bacterial pathogen campylobacter jejuni, the first such system found in a species from the domain bacteria. we exploited the ability of this locus to function in escherichia coli to demonstrate through mutational and structural analyses that variant glycan structures can be transferred onto protein indicating the relaxed specificity of the putative oligosaccharyltransferase pglb. ... | 2005 | 15752194 |
| the occurrence of campylobacter subtypes in environmental reservoirs and potential transmission routes. | to identify potential reservoirs and transmission routes of human pathogenic campylobacter spp. | 2005 | 15752345 |
| could flies explain the elusive epidemiology of campylobacteriosis? | unlike salmonellosis with well-known routes of transmission, the epidemiology of campylobacteriosis is still largely unclear. known risk factors such as ingestion of contaminated food and water, direct contact with infected animals and outdoor swimming could at most only explain half the recorded cases. | 2005 | 15752427 |
| a copper(i) protein possibly involved in the assembly of cua center of bacterial cytochrome c oxidase. | sco1 and cox17 are accessory proteins required for the correct assembly of eukaryotic cytochrome c oxidase. at variance with sco1, cox17 orthologs are found only in eukaryotes. we browsed bacterial genomes to search proteins functionally equivalent to cox17, and we identified a class of proteins of unknown function displaying a conserved gene neighborhood to bacterial sco1 genes, all sharing a potential metal binding motif h(m)x10mx21hxm. two members of this group, dr1885 from deinococcus radiod ... | 2005 | 15753304 |
| gene fusions and gene duplications: relevance to genomic annotation and functional analysis. | escherichia coli a model organism provides information for annotation of other genomes. our analysis of its genome has shown that proteins encoded by fused genes need special attention. such composite (multimodular) proteins consist of two or more components (modules) encoding distinct functions. multimodular proteins have been found to complicate both annotation and generation of sequence similar groups. previous work overstated the number of multimodular proteins in e. coli. this work corrects ... | 2005 | 15757509 |
| bioinformatics analysis of the locus for enterocyte effacement provides novel insights into type-iii secretion. | like many other pathogens, enterohaemorrhagic and enteropathogenic strains of escherichia coli employ a type-iii secretion system to translocate bacterial effector proteins into host cells, where they then disrupt a range of cellular functions. this system is encoded by the locus for enterocyte effacement. many of the genes within this locus have been assigned names and functions through homology with the better characterised ysc-yop system from yersinia spp. however, the functions and homologie ... | 2005 | 15757514 |
| fly transmission of campylobacter. | an annual increase in campylobacter infection in england and wales begins in may and reaches a maximum in early june. this increase occurs in all age groups and is seen in all geographic areas. examination of risk factors that might explain this seasonal increase identifies flies as a potential source of infection. the observed pattern of infection is hypothesized to reflect an annual epidemic caused by direct or indirect contamination of people by small quantities of infected material carried b ... | 2005 | 15757548 |
| diverse roles for hspr in campylobacter jejuni revealed by the proteome, transcriptome and phenotypic characterization of an hspr mutant. | campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the developed world. the role of a homologue of the negative transcriptional regulatory protein hspr, which in other organisms participates in the control of the heat-shock response, was investigated. following inactivation of hspr in c. jejuni, members of the hspr regulon were identified by dna microarray transcript profiling. in agreement with the predicted role of hspr as a negative regulator of genes involved in the heat ... | 2005 | 15758235 |
| prevalence of giardia and cryptosporidium in beef cows in southern ontario and in beef calves in southern british columbia. | in 1998 and 1999, fecal samples were collected from 669 beef cows on 39 farms located within 10 counties of ontario. overall prevalences of giardia, cryptosporidium muris, and cryptosporidium parvum in cows were 8.7%, 10.6%, and 18.4%, respectively. of the 39 farms sampled, giardia was detected on 64%, cr. muris on 72%, and cr. parvum on 90%. cryptosporidium parvum was detected in 28% of the cows in 1998 and in 5.2% in 1999. differences between the 2 y were attributed to sampling during calving ... | 2005 | 15759828 |
| development of a real-time fluorescence resonance energy transfer pcr to identify the main pathogenic campylobacter spp. | a simple real-time fluorescence resonance energy transfer (fret) pcr, targeting the gyra gene outside the quinolone resistance-determining region, was developed to identify campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli. these species were distinguished easily, as the corresponding melting points showed a difference of 15 degrees c. a second assay using the same biprobe and pcr conditions, but different pcr primers, was also developed to identify the less frequently encountered campylobacter fetus. ... | 2005 | 15760424 |
| risk factors for domestic sporadic campylobacteriosis among young children in sweden. | a case-control study was conducted in sweden to study risk factors for domestically acquired campylobacter jejuni/coli infections among children aged less than 6 y. a total of 126 cases, reported to the national surveillance system were recruited over 1 y. controls, selected from the population register, were matched to the cases by age, gender, place of residence and time of infection of the case. information was gathered by posted questionnaires. two separate conditional regression models were ... | 2005 | 15764201 |
| prevalence and clonal diversity of campylobacter jejuni from dairy farms and urban sources. | to investigate the role of free-living animals such as sparrows, rodents and flies as potential reservoirs of campylobacter spp on a dairy farm, and to assess the genetic diversity among campylobacter isolates from the farm and an urban source. | 2004 | 15768139 |
| one-year (2003) nationwide pork carcass microbiological baseline data survey in taiwan. | from january through december 2003, swab samples from 1,650 pork carcasses were collected from 39 slaughter plants in taiwan. these samples were analyzed for the prevalence of indicator microorganisms and specific pathogens. viable aerobic bacteria, total coliforms, and escherichia coli were recovered from 100, 95.3, and 87.5% of these carcasses, respectively. of those carcasses that harbored bacteria, the mean aerobic plate, total coliform, and escherichia coli counts were 4.0, 0.6, and 0.1 log ... | 2005 | 15771166 |
| prevalence of campylobacter, salmonella, and escherichia coli on the external packaging of raw meat. | during september and october 2002, 3,662 prepackaged raw meat samples were collected to evaluate the extent and nature of microbiological contamination on external surfaces of the packaging, which could potentially cross-contaminate ready-to-eat foods during and after purchase. salmonella was detected on two (<1%) samples of external packaging (both from raw chicken), and campylobacter was detected on 41 (1.1%) samples of external packaging. the external packaging of game fowl exhibited the high ... | 2005 | 15771168 |
| comparison of methods for the isolation of thermotolerant campylobacter from poultry. | human campylobacteriosis has become the major cause of foodborne gastroenteritis in industrialized countries. although there have been numerous studies investigating the prevalence of campylobacter in animals and raw meat, sensitive and low-cost detection methods are needed to implement effective control measures during primary production and to use as tools in risk assessment studies. thermophilic campylobacter spp. in naturally contaminated (n = 64) and inoculated (n = 16) broiler samples were ... | 2005 | 15771193 |
| haemorrhagic campylobacter jejuni and cmv colitis in a renal transplant recipient. | 2005 | 15772269 | |
| the campylobacter jejuni stringent response controls specific stress survival and virulence-associated phenotypes. | campylobacter jejuni is a highly prevalent food-borne pathogen that causes diarrhoeal disease in humans. a natural zoonotic, it must overcome significant stresses both in vivo and during transmission despite the absence of several traditional stress response genes. although relatively little is understood about its mechanisms of pathogenesis, its ability to interact with and invade human intestinal epithelial cells closely correlates with virulence. a c. jejuni microarray-based screen revealed t ... | 2005 | 15773975 |
| transcriptional slippage in bacteria: distribution in sequenced genomes and utilization in is element gene expression. | transcription slippage occurs on certain patterns of repeat mononucleotides, resulting in synthesis of a heterogeneous population of mrnas. individual mrna molecules within this population differ in the number of nucleotides they contain that are not specified by the template. when transcriptional slippage occurs in a coding sequence, translation of the resulting mrnas yields more than one protein product. except where the products of the resulting mrnas have distinct functions, transcription sl ... | 2005 | 15774026 |
| evidence that the essential response regulator yycf in streptococcus pneumoniae modulates expression of fatty acid biosynthesis genes and alters membrane composition. | the yycfg two-component system, originally identified in bacillus subtilis, is highly conserved among gram-positive bacteria with low g+c contents. in streptococcus pneumoniae, the yycf response regulator has been reported to be essential for cell growth, but the signal to which it responds and the gene members of the regulon remain unclear. in order to investigate the role of yycfg in s. pneumoniae, we increased the expression of yycf by using a maltose-inducible vector and analyzed the genome- ... | 2005 | 15774879 |
| acute disseminated encephalomyelitis associated with campylobacter jejuni infection and antiganglioside gm1 igg antibodies. | 2005 | 15778812 | |
| is campylobacter jejuni enteritis a weekend disease? | 2005 | 15780425 | |
| carbohydrate-binding specificity of the escherichia coli cytolethal distending toxin cdta-ii and cdtc-ii subunits. | intoxication by cytolethal distending toxin depends on assembly of cdtb, the active a component of this ab toxin, with the cell surface-binding (b) component, composed of the cdta-cdtc heterodimer, to form the active holotoxin. here we examine the cell surface binding properties of escherichia coli-derived cdta-ii (cdta-ii(ec)) and cdtc-ii(ec) and their capacity to provide a binding platform for cdtb-ii(ec). using a flow cytometry-based binding assay, we demonstrate that cdtb-ii(ec) binds to the ... | 2005 | 15784546 |
| campylobacter jejuni-induced cytokine responses in avian cells. | campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of human inflammatory enteritis. during the course of human disease numerous proinflammatory cytokines are produced. little is known, however, about the cytokine responses produced during the interaction of this bacterium with the avian host. campylobacter has been considered a commensal of the avian host. any differences in innate responses to this pathogen between the human and avian hosts should lead to a greater understanding of the disease process in hu ... | 2005 | 15784550 |
| new approaches to development of mucosal vaccine against enteric bacterial pathogens; preventing campylobacteriosis. | although vaccination, after having been more than 200 years in medical practice, has proven to be the most effective and the cheapest way to prevent infectious diseases, they remain still the main cause of human premature deaths. as many pathogens enter the human body through the mucosal surfaces, the mucosal way of immunization is considered to be the most promising strategy to decrease the number of human infections. moreover, the oral delivery system eliminates the necessity of injection what ... | 2004 | 15787191 |
| long-term clonal lineages within campylobacter jejuni o:2 strains from different geographical regions and hosts. | the genomic diversity of 11 epidemiologically unrelated strains of campylobacter jejuni (serotype o:2) isolated from different hosts and different geographical regions in germany over a period of 15 years was studied and results were compared with the reference strain nctc11168. by flagellin pcr-rflp typing six fla types were identified, while macrorestriction analysis with three different restriction enzymes revealed almost identical patterns for two human and one bovine strain, even though the ... | 2005 | 15790296 |
| structural basis for the interaction between human milk oligosaccharides and the bacterial lectin pa-iil of pseudomonas aeruginosa. | one of the mechanisms contributing to the protection by breast-feeding of the newborn against enteric diseases is related to the ability of human milk oligosaccharides to prevent the attachment of pathogenic bacteria to the duodenual epithelium. indeed, a variety of fucosylated oligosaccharides, specific to human milk, form part of the innate immune system. in the present study, we demonstrate the specific blocking of pa-iil, a fucose-binding lectin of the human pathogen pseudomonas aeruginosa, ... | 2005 | 15790314 |
| comparative mapping of sequence-based and structure-based protein domains. | protein domains have long been an ill-defined concept in biology. they are generally described as autonomous folding units with evolutionary and functional independence. both structure-based and sequence-based domain definitions have been widely used. but whether these types of models alone can capture all essential features of domains is still an open question. | 2005 | 15790427 |
| biochemical characterization of the campylobacter jejuni cj1294, a novel udp-4-keto-6-deoxy-glcnac aminotransferase that generates udp-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-galnac. | campylobacter jejuni produces multiple glycoproteins whose glycans contain 4-amino 6-deoxy sugars or their derivatives, such as diacetamidobacillosamine or pseudaminic acid. because the proteoglycans contribute to bacterial virulence and their constitutive sugars are not commonly found in humans, inhibitors developed against the enzymes that are responsible for their biosynthesis could be novel therapeutic targets to fight this important food-borne pathogen. the biosynthesis of diacetamidobacill ... | 2005 | 15790564 |
| pilot study for the development of a new campylobacter selective medium at 37 degrees c using aztreonam. | to overcome contamination and temperature inhibition by isolating campylobacter at 37 degrees c. | 2005 | 15790708 |
| evidence for multiple-antibiotic resistance in campylobacter jejuni not mediated by cmeb or cmef. | an efflux system, cmeabc, in campylobacter jejuni was previously described, and a second efflux system, cmedef, has now been identified. the substrates of cmedef include ampicillin, ethidium bromide, acridine, sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds), deoxycholate, triclosan, and cetrimide, but not ciprofloxacin or erythromycin. c. jejuni nctc11168 and two efflux pump knockout strains, cmeb::kan(r) and cmef::kan(r), were exposed to 0.5 to 1 microg of ciprofloxacin/ml in agar plates. all mutants arising from ... | 2005 | 15793099 |
| genotype analysis of campylobacter jejuni isolated from broilers in poland. | twenty-six campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from poultry were analyzed by genotypic typing including its-profiling, rep- and eric-pcr. its-profiling revealed the presence of 8 different genotypes. amplification of rep sequences by pcr gave similar results with 10 different genotypes. eric-pcr was found to be the most discriminatory for typing c. jejuni. as many as 13 different dna patterns were obtained with this technique. based on data obtained it was found that c. jejuni isolates recover ... | 2005 | 15794473 |
| pcr identification of campylobacter coli and campylobacter jejuni by partial sequencing of virulence genes. | the objective of this study was to utilize a multiplex pcr assay for concurrent detection of campylobacter spp. and c. coli or c. jejuni, using probes derived from genes cadf and ceue and an undefined virulence gene. a total of 97 campylobacter strains, isolated from turkey litter (n=74), chicken livers (n=15) and clinical (n=8) samples, were speciated using the pcr-based assay. pcr amplification of the isolates identified a 400-bp cadf gene, conserved in campylobacter species, an 894-bp ceue ge ... | 2005 | 15797819 |
| systematic association of genes to phenotypes by genome and literature mining. | one of the major challenges of functional genomics is to unravel the connection between genotype and phenotype. so far no global analysis has attempted to explore those connections in the light of the large phenotypic variability seen in nature. here, we use an unsupervised, systematic approach for associating genes and phenotypic characteristics that combines literature mining with comparative genome analysis. we first mine the medline literature database for terms that reflect phenotypic simil ... | 2005 | 15799710 |
| antimutator role of dna glycosylase muty in pathogenic neisseria species. | genome alterations due to horizontal gene transfer and stress constantly generate strain on the gene pool of neisseria meningitidis, the causative agent of meningococcal (mc) disease. the dna glycosylase muty of the base excision repair pathway is involved in the protection against oxidative stress. mc muty expressed in escherichia coli exhibited base excision activity towards dna substrates containing a:7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine and a:c mismatches. expression in e. coli fully suppress ... | 2005 | 15805527 |
| crystal structure of the flagellar rotor protein flin from thermotoga maritima. | flin is a component of the bacterial flagellum that is present at levels of more than 100 copies and forms the bulk of the c ring, a drum-shaped structure at the inner end of the basal body. flin interacts with flig and flim to form the rotor-mounted switch complex that controls clockwise-counterclockwise switching of the motor. in addition to its functions in motor rotation and switching, flin is thought to have a role in the export of proteins that form the exterior structures of the flagellum ... | 2005 | 15805535 |
| extracellular secretion of polypeptides using a modified escherichia coli flagellar secretion apparatus. | we developed a modified flagellar type iii secretion apparatus to secrete heterologous polypeptides into the growth medium of escherichia coli. the secretion was facilitated by fusing the 173-bp untranslated dna fragment upstream of the gene flic (encoding flagellin) as well as a transcriptional terminator from flic, into the gene encoding the polypeptide of interest. the polypeptides secreted into the growth medium at concentrations ranging from 1 to 15 mg/l were from campylobacter jejuni (262 ... | 2005 | 15806100 |
| the campylobacter jejuni glycome. | microbial cell surface glycans in the form of glycolipids and glycoproteins frequently play important roles in cell-cell interaction and host immune responses. given the likely importance of these surface structures in the survival and pathogenesis of campylobacter jejuni, a concerted effort has been made to characterise these determinants genetically and structurally since the genome was sequenced in 2000. we review the considerable progress made in characterising the campylobacter glycome incl ... | 2005 | 15808749 |
| prevalence and genetic diversity of campylobacter spp. in environmental water samples from a 100-square-kilometer predominantly dairy farming area. | water samples were taken systematically from a 100-km2 area of mainly dairy farmland in northwestern england and examined for campylobacter spp. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pfge-rflp) and flaa strain typing of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolates were done. data on the water source and the adjacent environment were recorded and examined as explanatory variables. campylobacter spp. were isolated from 40.5% (n = 119) of the water sampl ... | 2005 | 15812015 |
| identification and molecular epidemiology of campylobacter coli isolates from human gastroenteritis, food, and animal sources by amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis and penner serotyping. | campylobacter coli is an infrequently studied but important food-borne pathogen with a wide natural distribution. we investigated its molecular epidemiology by use of amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp)-based genotyping and penner serotyping. serotype reference strains and 177 danish isolates of diverse origin identified by routine phenotyping as c. coli were examined. molecular tools identified some 12% of field isolates as campylobacter jejuni, emphasizing the need for improved ident ... | 2005 | 15812025 |
| explorative multifactor approach for investigating global survival mechanisms of campylobacter jejuni under environmental conditions. | explorative approaches such as dna microarray experiments are becoming increasingly important in microbial research. despite these major technical advancements, approaches to study multifactor experiments are still lacking. we have addressed this problem by using rotation testing and a novel multivariate analysis of variance (manova) approach (50-50 manova) to investigate interacting experimental factors in a complex experimental design. furthermore, a new rotation testing based method was intro ... | 2005 | 15812042 |
| differential detection of five mouse-infecting helicobacter species by multiplex pcr. | several species of helicobacter have been isolated from laboratory mice, including h. bilis, h. hepaticus, h. muridarum, h. rodentium, and h. typhlonius, which appear to be the most common. the most widely used published method for molecular detection of these agents is pcr amplification of a conserved region of 16s rrna, but differential speciation requires restriction enzyme digestion of the amplicons. this study was undertaken to determine pcr conditions that would simultaneously and specific ... | 2005 | 15817762 |
| a millennium update on pediatric diarrheal illness in the developing world. | more than one billion diarrhea episodes occur every year among children younger than 5 years of age in socioeconomically developing countries causing 2 to 2.5 million deaths. more than twenty viral, bacterial, and parasitic enteropathogens are currently associated with acute diarrhea. rotavirus and diarrheagenic escherichia coli are the most common pathogens responsible for acute diarrhea episodes in children; shigella spp., salmonella spp, campylobacter jejuni/coli, vibrio cholerae, aeromonas s ... | 2005 | 15825143 |
| antimicrobial resistance of selected salmonella isolates from food animals and food in alberta. | salmonella isolates (n = 209) obtained from food animals and foods in alberta during 1996 through 1999 were tested for sensitivity to 17 antimicrobials. of the 3553 antimicrobial susceptibility tests on salmonella isolates, 11.8% were positive for resistance. these isolates were commonly resistant to tetracycline (35.4%), streptomycin (32.5%), sulfamethoxazole (28.7%), ticarcillin (27.3%), and ampicillin (26.8%). resistance to at least 1 antimicrobial was observed in 112 isolates (53.6%). salmon ... | 2005 | 15825516 |
| hepatocyte growth factor (hgf) in fecal samples: rapid detection by surface plasmon resonance. | the development of biosensors, based on surface plasmon resonance (spr) technology, enables monitoring of a variety of biospecific interactions without the need for chemical-, biological- or radiological-labelled reagents. | 2005 | 15826299 |
| frequency and characteristics of selected enteropathogens in fecal and rectal specimens from childhood diarrhea in trinidad, 1998-2000. | to determine the prevalence and characteristics of selected enteric pathogens in diarrheic children in six counties of the island of trinidad. | 2005 | 15826396 |
| prevalence and diversity of campylobacter jejuni in pig herds on farms with and without cattle or poultry. | the prevalence and diversity of campylobacter jejuni was investigated in pig herds on farms with and without cattle or poultry production. a bacteriological screening of pig cecal samples from 247 finisher herds was carried out at the slaughter-house. subsequently, a follow-up study was conducted in 24 herds (either with or without prior c. jejuni isolation from pigs) in which fecal samples were collected from pigs and, if present, cattle and poultry. samples were analyzed for presence of campyl ... | 2005 | 15830662 |
| pathogenesis of afa/dr diffusely adhering escherichia coli. | over the last few years, dramatic increases in our knowledge about diffusely adhering escherichia coli (daec) pathogenesis have taken place. the typical class of daec includes e. coli strains harboring afae-i, afae-ii, afae-iii, afae-v, dr, dr-ii, f1845, and nfa-i adhesins (afa/dr daec); these strains (i) have an identical genetic organization and (ii) allow binding to human decay-accelerating factor (daf) (afa/dr(daf) subclass) or carcinoembryonic antigen (cea) (afa/dr(cea) subclass). the atypi ... | 2005 | 15831825 |
| considerations for development of whole cell bacterial vaccines to prevent diarrheal diseases in children in developing countries. | enteric pathogens constitute a major pediatric threat in the developing world through their impact on morbidity and mortality, physical and cognitive development and cause and effect relationship with malnutrition. although many bacterial pathogens can cause diarrheal diseases, a group of less than 10 including shigella spp., enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec), vibrio cholerae, and possibly, campylobacter jejuni account for a significant percentage of these diseases in developing countries. ... | 2005 | 15837361 |
| among b cell non-hodgkin's lymphomas, malt lymphomas express a unique antibody repertoire with frequent rheumatoid factor reactivity. | we analyzed the structure of antigen receptors of a comprehensive panel of mature b non-hodgkin's lymphomas (b-nhls) by comparing, at the amino acid level, their immunoglobulin (ig)v(h)-cdr3s with cdr3 sequences present in genbank. follicular lymphomas, diffuse large b cell lymphomas, burkitt's lymphomas, and myelomas expressed a cdr3 repertoire comparable to that of normal b cells. mantle cell lymphomas and b cell chronic lymphocytic leukemias (b-clls) expressed clearly restricted albeit differ ... | 2005 | 15837810 |
| a glimpse into the expanded genome content of vibrio cholerae through identification of genes present in environmental strains. | vibrio cholerae has multiple survival strategies which are reflected both in its broad distribution in many aquatic environments and its high genotypic diversity. to obtain additional information regarding the content of the v. cholerae genome, suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) was used to prepare libraries of dna sequences from two southern california coastal isolates which are divergent or absent in the clinical strain v. cholerae o1 el tor n16961. more than 1,400 subtracted clones w ... | 2005 | 15838025 |
| phosphorylation-independent activity of atypical response regulators of helicobacter pylori. | the genome of the gastric pathogen helicobacter pylori harbors a remarkably low number of regulatory genes, including three and five open reading frames encoding two-component histidine kinases and response regulators, respectively, which are putatively involved in transcriptional regulation. two of the response regulator genes, hp1043 and hp166, proved to be essential for cell growth, and inactivation of the response regulator gene hp1021 resulted in a severe growth defect, as indicated by a sm ... | 2005 | 15838037 |
| characterization of enhancer binding by the vibrio cholerae flagellar regulatory protein flrc. | the human pathogen vibrio cholerae is a highly motile organism by virtue of a polar flagellum, and motility has been inferred to be an important aspect of virulence. it has previously been demonstrated that the sigma(54)-dependent activator flrc is necessary for both flagellar synthesis and for enhanced intestinal colonization. in order to characterize flrc binding, we analyzed two flrc-dependent promoters, the highly transcribed flaa promoter and the weakly transcribed flgk promoter, utilizing ... | 2005 | 15838043 |
| presence of campylobacter jejuni in various organs one hour, one day, and one week following oral or intracloacal inoculations of broiler chicks. | day-old broiler chicks (n=30) were obtained from a commercial hatchery and inoculated, either orally or intracloacally, with a characterized strain of campylobacter jejuni. at 1 hr, 1 day, and 1 wk after inoculation, broilers (n = 5) from the orally and intracloacally inoculated groups along with control birds (n=4) were humanely killed by cervical dislocation. the broilers from the control and treatment groups were aseptically opened, and the thymus, spleen, liver/gallbladder, bursa of fabriciu ... | 2005 | 15839431 |
| signal transduction in campylobacter jejuni-induced cytokine production. | campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of food-borne illness in the usa and one of the most common causes of diarrhoea worldwide. central to its pathogenicity is its ability to induce the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (il)-8 in intestinal epithelial cells. here, we demonstrated that c. jejuni infection of intestinal epithelial cells results in the activation of the erk and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases and that the erk kinase pathway is essential for il-8 ... | 2005 | 15839895 |
| helicobacter pylori and other helicobacter species in gallbladder and liver of patients with chronic cholecystitis detected by immunological and molecular methods. | despite several recent reports on the detection of helicobacter dna in human bile, there are still uncertainties concerning the correlation of these findings with biliary tract and liver diseases. | 2005 | 15841721 |
| helicobacter pylori binds to cd74 on gastric epithelial cells and stimulates interleukin-8 production. | the pathogenesis associated with helicobacter pylori infection requires consistent contact with the gastric epithelium. although several cell surface receptors have been suggested to play a role in adhesion, the bacterium-host interactions that elicit host responses are not well defined. this study investigated the interaction of h. pylori with the class ii major histocompatibility complex (mhc)-associated invariant chain (ii; cd74), which was found to be highly expressed by gastric epithelial c ... | 2005 | 15845476 |
| b-cell and t-cell immune responses to experimental helicobacter pylori infection in humans. | the acute antibody and t-cell immune response to helicobacter pylori infection in humans has not been studied systematically. serum from h. pylori-naive volunteers challenged with h. pylori and cured after 4 or 12 weeks was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for anti-h. pylori-specific immunoglobulin m (igm) and iga established using bacterial lysates from homologous (the infecting strain) and heterologous h. pylori. proteins recognized by igm antibody were identified by mass spectrome ... | 2005 | 15845507 |
| cytolethal distending toxin (cdt)-negative campylobacter jejuni strains and anti-cdt neutralizing antibodies are induced during human infection but not during colonization in chickens. | the cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) of campylobacter jejuni was detectable, using an in vitro assay, in most but not all of 24 strains tested. the reason for the absence of toxin activity in these naturally occurring cdt-negative c. jejuni strains was then investigated at the genetic level. cdt is encoded by three highly conserved genes, cdta, -b, and -c. in the cdt-negative strains, two types of mutation were identified. the cdt activities of c. jejuni strains possessing both types of mutatio ... | 2005 | 15845513 |
| the microbial rosetta stone database: a compilation of global and emerging infectious microorganisms and bioterrorist threat agents. | thousands of different microorganisms affect the health, safety, and economic stability of populations. many different medical and governmental organizations have created lists of the pathogenic microorganisms relevant to their missions; however, the nomenclature for biological agents on these lists and pathogens described in the literature is inexact. this ambiguity can be a significant block to effective communication among the diverse communities that must deal with epidemics or bioterrorist ... | 2005 | 15850481 |
| characterization of a recombinant type ii 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase from helicobacter pylori. | dah7p (3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate) synthase catalyses the condensation reaction between phosphoenolpyruvate (pep) and d-erythrose 4-phosphate (e4p) as the first committed step in the biosynthesis of aromatic compounds in plants and micro-organisms. previous work has identified two families of dah7p synthases based on sequence similarity and molecular mass, with the majority of the mechanistic and structural studies being carried out on the type i paralogues from escherichia coli ... | 2005 | 15853768 |
| relationship between mutations in the gyra gene and quinolone resistance in clinical isolates of corynebacterium striatum and corynebacterium amycolatum. | quinolone susceptibility was analyzed in 17 clinical isolates of corynebacterium striatum and 9 strains of corynebacterium amycolatum by the e-test method in mueller-hinton agar plates. the c. striatum atcc 6940 strain was used as a control strain. the amplified quinolone resistance determining regions of the gyra genes of c. amycolatum and c. striatum were characterized. four in vitro quinolone-resistant mutants of c. amycolatum were selected and analyzed. both in vivo and in vitro quinolone-re ... | 2005 | 15855486 |
| evaluation of a pcr assay for the detection and identification of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in retail poultry products. | a pcr-based method was applied to campylobacter detection in poultry samples at the retail level. in total, 73 retail poultry samples purchased from supermarkets in the basque country area in the north of spain were examined using both culture and molecular (alternative) methods. in our routine method, the worldwide iso 10272:1995 standard of preston broth incubated at 42 degrees c for conventional campylobacter detection was adopted. the molecular method was comprised of a dna extraction kit co ... | 2005 | 15862456 |
| factors contributing to infectious diarrhea-associated pancreatic enzyme alterations. | several pathogens have been involved as etiologic agents of acute pancreatitis. we studied 59 patients presenting acute infectious diarrhea in order to determine the incidence as well as to identify factors which may contribute to the occurrence of pancreatic enzyme alteration or true acute pancreatitis. | 2005 | 15864174 |
| fluoroquinolone-resistant campylobacter isolates from conventional and antibiotic-free chicken products. | the use of fluoroquinolones (fqs) in poultry production is an important issue in public health today. in february 2002, two prominent u.s. poultry companies pledged to stop using fqs for flock-wide treatment. one year later, we began a survey of campylobacter isolates on chicken products from these two companies and from two producers claiming total abstention from antibiotic use. using both standard isolation methods and new methods modified to enhance detection of fq-resistant campylobacter, w ... | 2005 | 15866763 |
| structural and functional divergence of muts2 from bacterial muts1 and eukaryotic msh4-msh5 homologs. | muts homologs, identified in nearly all bacteria and eukaryotes, include the bacterial proteins muts1 and muts2 and the eukaryotic muts homologs 1 to 7, and they often are involved in recognition and repair of mismatched bases and small insertion/deletions, thereby limiting illegitimate recombination and spontaneous mutation. to explore the relationship of muts2 to other muts homologs, we examined conserved protein domains. fundamental differences in structure between muts2 and other muts homolo ... | 2005 | 15866941 |
| antimicrobial resistance profiles of campylobacter jejuni isolates from wild birds in sweden. | in order to determine the occurrence and frequency of resistant strains of the bacterium campylobacter jejuni and to establish baseline mics in isolates from an environmental reservoir, the resistance profiles of 10 antimicrobial substances were determined for 137 c. jejuni isolates from wild birds in sweden. observed mics were generally low, with only low to moderate incidence of resistance to the tested compounds. one isolate, however, was resistant to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin, indicat ... | 2005 | 15870331 |
| the origin and evolution of operons: the piecewise building of the proteobacterial histidine operon. | the structure and organization of 470 histidine biosynthetic genes from 47 different proteobacteria were combined with phylogenetic inference to investigate the mechanisms responsible for assembly of the his pathway and the origin of his operons. data obtained in this work showed that a wide variety of different organization strategies of his gene arrays exist and that some his genes or entire his operons are likely to have been horizontally transferred between bacteria of the same or different ... | 2005 | 15871048 |