Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| a nationwide outbreak of salmonella bovismorbificans associated with sprouted alfalfa seeds in finland, 2009. | salmonella enterica serotype bovismorbificans is a rare serotype in finland. in june 2009, a nationwide outbreak of s. bovismorbificans infections occurred, and 42 clinical isolates were identified. we conducted a case-control study enrolling 28 cases and 48 matched controls, and found ready-to-eat alfalfa sprouts associated with the infection (odds ratioôçâ=ôçâ35.2, 95% confidence interval 2.8-435). the sprouts were traced back to a domestic producer, with the seeds originating in italy. althou ... | 2011 | 21824360 |
| substrate analysis of arabidopsis pp2c-type protein phosphatases. | protein phosphorylation by protein kinases can be reversed by the action of protein phosphatases. in plants, the ser/thr-specific phosphatases dominate among the protein phosphatase families with the type 2c protein phosphatases (pp2cs) being the most abundant among them. pp2cs are monomeric enzymes that require metal cations for their activity and are insensitive to known phosphatase inhibitors. pp2cs were shown to counteract the mitogen-activated protein kinase (map kinase/mapk) activities in ... | 2011 | 21837565 |
| stable integration and expression of a plant defensin in tomato confers resistance to fusarium wilt. | -á plant defensins are small cysteine-rich peptides which belong to a group of pathogenasis related defense mechanism proteins. the proteins inhibit the growth of a broad range of microbes and are highly stable under extreme environmental stresses. tomato cultivation is affected by fungal disease such as fusarium wilt. in order to overcome fungal damages, transgenic tomato plants expressing the medicago sativa defensin gene msdef 1 under the control of the camv 35s promoter were developed. the f ... | 2010 | 21844692 |
| degradation of lignified secondary cell walls of lucerne (medicago sativa l.) by rumen fungi growing in methanogenic co-culture. | to compare the abilities of the monocentric rumen fungi neocallimastix frontalis, piromyces communis and caecomyces communis, growing in coculture with methanobrevibacter smithii, to colonize and degrade lignified secondary cell walls of lucerne (alfalfa) hay. | 2011 | 21848807 |
| starch source and content in postpartum dairy cow diets: effects on plasma metabolites and reproductive processes. | the objective of this study was to examine the effects of dietary starch source and content in the immediate postpartum period on plasma metabolites and hormones and ovarian follicular development. one of 3 diets was fed in a randomized block design to 40 cows from calving until 70 d in milk. the diets contained 45% alfalfa silage (as), 45% barley silage (bs), or 41% barley silage and 4% supplemental starch (ss) on a dry matter basis. all diets contained 45% barley-based concentrate and 10% alfa ... | 2011 | 21854936 |
| variation in residual feed intake in holstein-friesian dairy heifers in southern australia. | feed conversion efficiency of dairy cattle is an important component of the profitability of dairying, given that the cost of feed accounts for much of total farm expenses. residual feed intake (rfi) is a useful measure of feed conversion efficiency, as it can be used to compare individuals with the same or differing levels of production during the period of measurement. if genetic variation exists in rfi among dairy cattle, selection for lower rfi could improve profitability. in this experiment ... | 2011 | 21854946 |
| nutrient mass balance and performance of feedlot cattle fed corn wet distillers grains plus solubles. | two experiments using 96 steers each were conducted to evaluate the impact of corn wet distillers grains plus solubles (wdgs) concentration on steer performance, n loss, and p mass balance. feeding wdgs as an energy source instead of protein may increase n release into the environment but also the amount of n removed in the manure. calves (bw = 294 ± 33 kg) were fed 167 d from november to may (winter) and yearlings (bw = 373 ± 24 kg) were fed 133 d from june to october (summer). treatments consi ... | 2011 | 21856891 |
| how good is the turbid medium-based approach for accounting for light partitioning in contrasted grass--legume intercropping systems? | most studies dealing with light partitioning in intercropping systems have used statistical models based on the turbid medium approach, thus assuming homogeneous canopies. however, these models could not be directly validated although spatial heterogeneities could arise in such canopies. the aim of the present study was to assess the ability of the turbid medium approach to accurately estimate light partitioning within grass-legume mixed canopies. | 2011 | 21865218 |
| a point mutation in the medicago sativa gsa gene provides a novel, efficient, selectable marker for plant genetic engineering. | bacterial selectable marker genes (smg) conferring antibiotic resistance are valuable tools in plant genetic engineering, but public concern and regulatory requirements have stimulated the development of alternative selection systems. we have previously demonstrated that a mutated synechococcus elongatus heml gene encoding glutamate 1-semialdehyde aminotransferase (gsa) is an efficient smg in alfalfa. in fact, gsa is irreversibly inhibited by gabaculine (3-amino-2,3-dihydrobenzoic acid), but the ... | 2011 | 21875626 |
| a fluctuating thermal regime improves survival of cold-mediated delayed emergence in developing megachile rotundata (hymenoptera: megachilidae). | a significant concern in the commercial application of the alfalfa leafcutting bee, megachile rotundata (f.) (hymenoptera: megachilidae), for pollination is synchronizing bee emergence and activity with peak crop bloom. previous studies have demonstrated that the commercial spring incubation of this species can be successfully interrupted by low temperature incubation, thereby slowing development and giving producers flexibility in timing emergence to weather conditions or crop bloom. in this st ... | 2011 | 21882678 |
| Host suitability and gas exchange response of grapevines to potato leafhopper (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). | Although potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), is highly polyphagous, classic host studies do not recognize grapevines (Vitis spp.), as suitable hosts. Recently, injury has been reported and reproduction documented within grape vineyards, suggesting a host expansion for the leafhopper. To document this apparent expansion in host use, we determined whether grape plants were suitable hosts for potato leafhopper reproduction, measured the consequence of feeding injur ... | 2011 | 21882698 |
| quantitative genetics of feeding behavior in two ecological races of the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum. | much of the diversity of herbivorous insects stems from the adaptive divergence of populations onto different host plants. this often involves the evolution of specialized patterns of host acceptance that in turn lead to assortative mating for insects that mate exclusively on their hosts. here, we explore the genetic architecture of feeding behavior in a herbivorous insect that has become a model for the study of incipient speciation, the pea aphid (acyrthosiphon pisum). we use crosses between i ... | 2012 | 21897437 |
| relationships between early experience to dietary diversity, acceptance of novel flavors, and open field behavior in sheep. | this study determined whether early experiences by sheep to monotonous or diverse diets influence: (1) plasmatic profiles of cortisol, a hormone involved in stress responses by mammals, before and after an acth challenge, (2) the readiness to eat new foods in a new environment, (3) general fearfulness and response to separation--as measured by the open field test (oft) and stress induced hyperthermia (sih)--and (4) the link between (2) and (3). thirty, 2-mo-old lambs were randomly assigned to 3 ... | 2012 | 21903122 |
| fadd is required for utilization of endogenous fatty acids released from membrane lipids. | fadd is an acyl coenzyme a (coa) synthetase responsible for the activation of exogenous long-chain fatty acids (lcfa) into acyl-coas. mutation of fadd in the symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacterium sinorhizobium meliloti promotes swarming motility and leads to defects in nodulation of alfalfa plants. in this study, we found that s. meliloti fadd mutants accumulated a mixture of free fatty acids during the stationary phase of growth. the composition of the free fatty acid pool and the results obtaine ... | 2011 | 21926226 |
| corn silage versus corn silage:alfalfa hay mixtures for dairy cows: effects of dietary potassium, calcium, and cation-anion difference. | corn silage (cs) has replaced alfalfa hay (ah) and haylage as the major forage fed to lactating dairy cows, yet many dairy producers believe that inclusion of small amounts of alfalfa hay or haylage improves feed intake and milk production. alfalfa contains greater concentrations of k and ca than corn silage and has an inherently higher dietary cation-anion difference (dcad). supplemental dietary buffers such as nahco(3) and k(2)co(3) increase dcad and summaries of studies with these buffers sho ... | 2011 | 21943761 |
| ruminal fermentation, milk fatty acid profiles, and productive performance of holstein dairy cows fed 2 different safflower seeds. | a lactation trial was conducted to determine the effects of supplementing whole safflower seeds (ss) on ruminal fermentation, lactational performance, and milk fatty acid (fa) profiles. nine multiparous holstein cows (days in milk = 110 ± 20) were used in a replicated 3 × 3 latin square design. each period lasted 21 d, with 14 d of adaptation and 7 d of data collection. within square, cows were randomly assigned to a sequence of 3 dietary treatments as follows: cottonseed total mixed ration (tmr ... | 2011 | 21943764 |
| Molecular breeding of transgenic white clover (Trifolium repens L.) with field resistance to Alfalfa mosaic virus through the expression of its coat protein gene. | Viral diseases, such as Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), cause significant reductions in the productivity and vegetative persistence of white clover plants in the field. Transgenic white clover plants ectopically expressing the viral coat protein gene encoded by the sub-genomic RNA4 of AMV were generated. Lines carrying a single copy of the transgene were analysed at the molecular, biochemical and phenotypic level under glasshouse and field conditions. Field resistance to AMV infection, as well as mi ... | 2011 | 21947755 |
| characterization of rhizobia from legumes of agronomic interest grown in semi-arid areas of central spain relates genetic differences to soil properties. | a study of symbiotic bacteria from traditional agricultural legumes from central spain was performed to create a collection of rhizobia from soils differing in physicochemical, analytical and/or agroecological properties which could be well-adapted to the environmental conditions of this region, and be used for sustainable agricultural practices. thirty-six isolates were obtained from root-nodules of fifteen legume species (including cicer arietinum, lathyrus sativus, lens culinaris, lupinus spp ... | 2011 | 21953333 |
| from model to crop: functional analysis of a stay-green gene in the model legume medicago truncatula and effective use of the gene for alfalfa improvement. | medicago truncatula has been developed into a model legume. its close relative alfalfa (medicago sativa) is the most widely grown forage legume crop in the united states. by screening a large population of m. truncatula mutants tagged with the transposable element of tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) cell type1 (tnt1), we identified a mutant line (nf2089) that maintained green leaves and showed green anthers, central carpels, mature pods, and seeds during senescence. genetic and molecular analyses rev ... | 2011 | 21957014 |
| Effects of forage level in feedlot finishing diets on carcass characteristics and palatability of Jersey beef. | Jersey cattle are known for producing carcasses with a greater amount of marbling, but they require more days on feed to achieve acceptable market weights as compared with other breeds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary forage level (12 vs. 24% sudangrass:alfalfa hay, DM-basis) in steam-flaked, corn-based finishing diets on carcass characteristics, beef palatability, and retail color stability of steaks from Jersey beef compared to conventionally-fed commodity bee ... | 2011 | 21965452 |
| Recent Progress in Development of Tnt1 Functional Genomics Platform for Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicus in Bulgaria. | Legumes, as protein-rich crops, are widely used for human food, animal feed and vegetable oil production. Over the past decade, two legume species, Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicus, have been adopted as model legumes for genomics and physiological studies. The tobacco transposable element, Tnt1, is a powerful tool for insertional mutagenesis and gene inactivation in plants. A large collection of Tnt1-tagged lines of M. truncatula cv. Jemalong was generated during the course of the project ... | 2011 | 21966253 |
| phytotoxicity and uptake of nitroglycerin in a natural sandy loam soil. | nitroglycerin (ng) is widely used for the production of explosives and solid propellants, and is a soil contaminant of concern at some military training ranges. ng phytotoxicity data reported in the literature cannot be applied directly to development of ecotoxicological benchmarks for plant exposures in soil because they were determined in studies using hydroponic media, cell cultures, and transgenic plants. toxicities of ng in the present studies were evaluated for alfalfa (medicago sativa), b ... | 2011 | 21975007 |
| Influence of alfalfa grazing-based feeding systems on carcass fat colour and meat quality of light lambs. | One hundred and twenty-seven lambs were fed as follows: lambs and dams grazing alfalfa (Gr); the same as Gr but lambs had access to concentrate (Gr + S); ewes grazed and lambs received milk and concentrate until weaning and thereafter concentrate and straw (Rat-Gr); ewes and lambs were stall-fed (Ind). Lambs were slaughtered at 22-24 kg live weight and fat and M. rectus abdominis colour was measured instrumentally and subjectively. The evolution of the instrumental colour and texture of M. longi ... | 2012 | 21983425 |
| rhizobium petrolearium sp. nov., isolated from oil-contaminated soil. | two gram-staining-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria, designated strains sl-1(t) and f11 which had the ability to decompose polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) were isolated from soil samples contaminated by oil. the cells were motile by polar or lateral flagella. according to comparison of 16s rrna gene sequences, strains sl-1(t) and f11 were identical and showed the greatest degree of similarity (96.8 %) to both r. oryzae alt505(t) and r. mesosinicum ccbau 25010(t); however, only r. or ... | 2011 | 21984664 |
| Robust RNAi-based resistance to mixed infection of three viruses in soybean plants expressing separate short hairpins from a single transgene. | Transgenic plants expressing double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) of virus origin have been previously shown to confer resistance to virus infections through the highly conserved RNA-targeting process termed RNA silencing or RNA interference (RNAi). In this study we applied this strategy to soybean plants and achieved robust resistance to multiple viruses with a single dsRNA-expressing transgene. Unlike previous reports that relied on the expression of one long inverted repeat (IR) combining sequences of ... | 2011 | 21999157 |
| supplementing endophyte-infected tall fescue or reed canarygrass with alfalfa or birdsfoot trefoil increases forage intake and digestibility by sheep. | background: we hypothesized that alfalfa (alf) or birdsfoot trefoil (bft) eaten prior to a meal of endophyte-infected tall fescue (tf) or reed canarygrass (rcg) would provide benefits not possible when tf or rcg are eaten alone. in trial 1, four groups of five lambs were first offered alf for 30 min followed by either tf or rcg for 3.5 h in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of a completely randomized design that included grass (tf or rcg) with or without alf. trial 2 was similar to trial 1 except we ... | 2011 | 22002685 |
| adaptation of rhizobium leguminosarum to pea, alfalfa and sugar beet rhizospheres investigated by comparative transcriptomics. | abstract: background: the rhizosphere is the microbe-rich zone around plant roots and is a key determinant of the biosphere's productivity. comparative transcriptomics was used to investigate general and plant-specific adaptations during rhizosphere colonization. rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae was grown in the rhizospheres of pea (its legume nodulation host), alfalfa (a non-host legume) and sugar beet (non-legume). gene expression data were compared to metabolic and transportome maps to ... | 2011 | 22018401 |
| Animal performance and milk fatty acid profile of dairy goats fed diets with different unsaturated plant oils. | The effect of supplementing a basal diet with 1 of 3 plant oils on productive efficiency and milk fatty acid composition was studied in dairy goats. Sixteen Malagueña goats were used in a 4×4 Latin square experiment with 21-d periods and 4 goats per treatment. The basal diet comprised 30% alfalfa hay and 70% pelleted concentrate. Experimental treatments were control (basal diet without added oil) and the basal diet supplemented with 48g/d of high oleic sunflower oil (HOSFO), regular sunflower oi ... | 2011 | 22032358 |
| in situ assessment of phytotechnologies for multicontaminated soil management. | due to human activities, large volumes of soils are contaminated with organic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and very often by metallic pollutants as well. multipolluted soils are therefore a key concern for remediation. this work presents a long-term evaluation of the fate and environmental impact of the organic and metallic contaminants of an industrially polluted soil under natural and plant-assisted conditions. a field trial was followed for four years according to six ... | 2011 | 22046763 |
| effects of breed and sire on carcass characteristics and fatty acid profiles of crossbred wagyu and angus steers. | in a two-year experiment, 54 steers sired by seven wagyu bulls [american wagyu association (awa) sire numbers 331, 384, 388, 411, 429, 433 and 488] and 15 steers sired by two angus bulls, all out of angus-hereford cows, were used to evaluate the effects of sire and breed on carcass characteristics and fatty acid composition. steers were given ad-libitum access to a high-concentrate diet (15 % alfalfa cubes and 85 % barley supplement) for at least 170 days. breed and individual sire effects were ... | 1996 | 22060571 |
| the relative effect of dietary energy density on repleted and resting muscle glycogen concentrations. | the aim of this study was to assess the effect of dietary energy density on the glycogen concentration of bovine gluteus medius (gm) and longissimus thoracis et lumborum (ltl) muscles in castrated and intact males. cattle received diet c (90% whole corn and supplement: 10% alfalfa haylage) or diet ah (100% alfalfa haylage) in three experiments involving a 2×2 factorial cross-over design. cattle fed an ah diet for 70 days prior to the first experiment had high glycogen concentrations in the gm (1 ... | 2000 | 22060611 |
| fatty acid composition of goat diets vs intramuscular fat. | twenty boer x spanish goats, at the age range of 90-118 days, were assigned to two dietary treatments, with 10 animals fed a grain ration (g) and the other 10 grazed in rangeland. the grain ration contained sorghum grain (67.5%), cottonseed hulls, dehydrated alfalfa meal, cottonseed meal, soybean meal, molasses, and mineral and vitamin supplements. animals were slaughtered at the age range of 206-234 days. intramuscular fat (if) and the diet specimens - representative samples of g and the parts ... | 2000 | 22060786 |
| meat quality of wether lambs grazed on either saltbush (atriplex nummularia) plus supplements or lucerne (medicago sativa). | the meat quality of 42, 8 month-old cross-bred wether lambs that had been grazed on either predominantly saltbush (atriplex nummularia) and supplemented with pasture hay (n=14) or oat grain (n=14) for 68 days was compared to lambs grazed predominantly on lucerne (medicago sativa; n=14). the lambs used in the study ranged in un-fasted liveweight from 44.5 to 63.6kg pre-slaughter. there was no significant (p>0.05) difference between the treatments for liveweight, but there was a significant (p<0.0 ... | 1999 | 22061540 |
| effect of dietary oregano oil supplementation on lamb meat characteristics. | the effect of dietary oregano essential oil supplementation on lamb meat characteristics was investigated. eight male and eight female chios lambs were divided into two equal groups. the first group was fed with the control diet consisting of concentrated feed and alfalfa hay, whereas the second group consumed the same diet, the only difference being that the concentrated feed was uniformly sprayed with oregano essential oil (1ml/kg). duration of the experimental period was two months. no differ ... | 2008 | 22062749 |
| meat quality of mixed sex lambs grazing pasture and supplemented with, roughage, oats or oats and sunflower meal. | the meat quality of 8-9-month-old cryptorchid, wether and ewe lambs (poll dorset×border leicester×merino) was assessed. these lambs were grazed over summer and autumn from weaning (november) on lucerne (medicago sativa) or ryegrass/clover (lolium rigidum/trifolium subterranean) pasture at two locations (a or b). after 72 days lambs grazed on lucerne were supplemented with either ad lib clover hay or clover silage. those grazed on the ryegrass/clover pasture were supplemented from weaning with ei ... | 2001 | 22062782 |
| beef lipids in relation to animal breed and nutrition in argentina. | fatty acid (fa) composition of intramuscular fat (imf) in m. longissimus dorsi (ld) was measured in 72 steers from angus (a), charolais×angus (cha×a) and holstein argentine (ha) breeds. the steers were allotted to four dietary treatments of six animals each: t1, steers grazed on pasture; t2, steers supplemented with cracked corn grain (0.7% of live-weight) daily and free access to pasture; t3, steers supplemented with cracked corn grain (1% of live-weight) daily and free access to pasture; and t ... | 2008 | 22062910 |
| animal performance and meat quality in cull cows with early weaned calves in argentina. | early weaning of calves (60 days old) is adopted in cow-calf operations for its high reproductive response. the objective of this research work was to find how age classes are related to beef quality in early weaning cull cows. twenty four cows were grouped in four different age classes (teeth and number of calves produced) from two teeth and no calf produced, up to 12 years and 7 calves produced. all cows grazed a perennial pasture based on alfalfa and fescue. there were differences (p<0.05) in ... | 2008 | 22062912 |
| meat quality of lambs produced in the mesopotamia region of argentina finished on different diets. | the meat quality of corriedale lambs (40kg live weight) produced in the mesopotamia region (argentina) was assessed. these lambs had different finishing diets: only native grass pasture, ground alfalfa and alfalfa-linseed pellet (70/30). carcass yield, longissimus dorsi area, backfat thickness, marbling, ph, meat and subcutaneous fat color, cooking loss, warner-bratzler shear force, fat, protein and moisture content were determined. lambs finished on alfalfa-linseed pellet had the highest carcas ... | 2008 | 22062919 |
| meat and fat colour as a tool to trace grass-feeding systems in light lamb production. | ninety-five lambs were fed as follows: lambs and dams grazing alfalfa (gr); as gr but lambs had access to concentrate (gr+s); ewes grazed and lambs received milk and concentrate until weaning and thereafter concentrate and straw (rat-gr); ewes and lambs were stall-fed (ind). lambs were slaughtered at 22-24 kg of live-weight and fat and m. rectus abdominis colour measured. visual appraisal scores of gr and ind were significantly different. the absolute value of the integral of the translated spec ... | 2008 | 22063328 |
| influence of finishing systems on hydrophilic and lipophilic oxygen radical absorbance capacity (orac) in beef. | the aim of this research was to: (1) develop a reliable extraction procedure and assay to determine antioxidant activity in meat products, and (2) assess the effect of beef finishing system (forage-finished: alfalfa, pearl millet or mixed pastures vs. concentrate-finished) on longissimus muscle antioxidant activity. the effect of extraction method (ethanol concentration and extraction time), protein removal, and sample preparation method (pulverization or freeze drying) were first evaluated to d ... | 2008 | 22063579 |
| carcass quality in male fallow deer (dama dama): effects of age and supplementary feeding. | thirty-two male fallow deer, half 18- and half 30-month-old, were slaughtered after a 4-month feeding trial on pasture alone or with daily supplement of 500 g (dry matter) concentrate/head (eight each 18- and 30-month-old). the concentrate was composed of 40% maize, 25% sugar beet pulp, 20% alfalfa, 13% soy flakes, 2% minerals and vitamins. supplemented deer were heavier (49.9 vs 45.0 kg) and their carcasses produced higher dressing proportions (61.5 vs 57.2%) and bigger amounts of first quality ... | 2002 | 22063647 |
| Impact of Lygus spp. (Hemiptera: Miridae) on damage, yield and quality of lesquerella (Physaria fendleri), a potential new oil-seed crop. | Lesquerella, Physaria fendleri (A. Gray) S. Watson, is a mustard native to the western United States and is currently being developed as a commercial source of valuable hydroxy fatty acids that can be used in a number of industrial applications, including biolubricants, biofuel additives, motor oils, resins, waxes, nylons, plastics, corrosion inhibitors, cosmetics, and coatings. The plant is cultivated as a winter-spring annual and in the desert southwest it harbors large populations of arthropo ... | 2011 | 22066187 |
| estrogenic botanical supplements, health-related quality of life, fatigue, and hormone-related symptoms in breast cancer survivors: a heal study report. | it remains unclear whether estrogenic botanical supplement (ebs) use influences breast cancer survivors' health-related outcomes. | 2011 | 22067368 |
| nitrogen metabolism in sinorhizobium meliloti-alfalfa symbiosis: dissecting the role of glnd and pii proteins. | to contribute nitrogen for plant growth and establish an effective symbiosis with alfalfa, sinorhizobium meliloti rm1021 needs normal operation of the glnd protein, a bifunctional uridylyltransferase/uridylyl-cleavage enzyme that measures cellular nitrogen status and initiates a nitrogen stress response (nsr). however, the only two known targets of glnd modification in rm1021, the pii proteins glnb and glnk, are not necessary for effectiveness. we introduced a tyr→phe variant of glnb, which cann ... | 2012 | 22074345 |
| changes of vitamins a, e, and c and lipid peroxidation status of breeding and pregnant sheep during dry seasons on medium-to-low quality forages. | this study assessed the changes of plasma vitamin a, e, and c and the lipid peroxidation status of sheep during breeding and pregnancy under drought conditions. the study was conducted on 105 cross-bred fat tailed ewes, 3-5 years old with body condition scores (bcs) of 2.5 to 3.5. the ewes were grazing on medium-to-low quality forages during summer and low quality forages within the succeeding months and had ad libitum access to a mixture of alfalfa hay (40%) and wheat straw (60%) in the afterno ... | 2012 | 22083269 |
| the medicago genome provides insight into the evolution of rhizobial symbioses. | legumes (fabaceae or leguminosae) are unique among cultivated plants for their ability to carry out endosymbiotic nitrogen fixation with rhizobial bacteria, a process that takes place in a specialized structure known as the nodule. legumes belong to one of the two main groups of eurosids, the fabidae, which includes most species capable of endosymbiotic nitrogen fixation. legumes comprise several evolutionary lineages derived from a common ancestor 60 million years ago (myr ago). papilionoids ar ... | 2011 | 22089132 |
| production of 7-o-methyl aromadendrin, a medicinally valuable flavonoid, in escherichia coli. | 7-o-methyl aromadendrin (7-oma) is an aglycone moiety of one of the important flavonoid-glycosides found in several plants such as populus alba and eucalyptus maculata with various medicinal applications. to produce such valuable natural flavonoids in large quantity, e. coli cell factory has been developed to employ various plant biosynthetic pathways. here, we report the generation of 7-oma from its precursor p-coumaric acid in e. coli for the first time. primarily, naringenin (nrn) (flavanone) ... | 2011 | 22101053 |
| salicylic acid mediates the reduced growth of lignin down-regulated plants. | down-regulation of the enzyme hydroxycinnamoyl coa: shikimate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (hct) in thale cress (arabidopsis thaliana) and alfalfa (medicago sativa) leads to strongly reduced lignin levels, reduced recalcitrance of cell walls to sugar release, but severe stunting of the plants. levels of the stress hormone salicylic acid (sa) are inversely proportional to lignin levels and growth in a series of transgenic alfalfa plants in which lignin biosynthesis has been perturbed at different ... | 2011 | 22123972 |
| [effects of copper stress on medicago sativa seedlings leaf antioxidative system]. | this paper studied the effects of different concentration (0, 10, 30, 50, and 100 micromol x l(-1)) cuso4 on the leaf physiological and biochemical characteristics of medicago sativa seedlings cultured with 1/4-strength hoagland nutrient solution. in treatments 30, 50, and 100 micromol x l(-1) of cuso4, the leaf h2o2, oh., and mda contents and fe-sod and est activities increased, and gsh and asa contents increased significantly. with increasing concentration cu, the pod, gr, and apx activities i ... | 2011 | 22126037 |
| overexpression of alfalfa mitochondrial hsp23 in prokaryotic and eukaryotic model systems confers enhanced tolerance to salinity and arsenic stress. | the cloning and characterization of a gene (mshsp23) coding for a heat shock protein in alfalfa in a prokaryotic and model plant system is described. mshsp23 contains a 633 bp orf encoding a polypeptide of 213 amino acids and exhibits greater sequence similarity to mitochondrial shsps from dicotyledons than to those from monocotyledons. when expressed in bacteria, recombinant mshsp23 conferred tolerance to salinity and arsenic stress. furthermore, mshsp23 was cloned in a plant expressing vector ... | 2012 | 22127759 |
| reovirus genomes from plant-feeding insects represent a newly discovered lineage within the family reoviridae. | a complex set of double-stranded rnas (dsrnas) was isolated from threecornered alfalfa hopper (spissistilus festinus), a plant-feeding hemipteran pest. a subset of these dsrnas constitute the genome of a new reovirus, provisionally designated spissistilus festinus reovirus (spfrv). spfrv was present in threecornered alfalfa hopper populations in the san joaquin valley of california, with incidence ranging from 10% to 60% in 24 of 25 sample sets analyzed. the 10 dsrna segments of spfrv were compl ... | 2011 | 22142476 |
| nine eriophyoid mite species from iran (acari, eriophyidae). | nine eriophyoid mites, including two new species and five new records, from iran are described and illustrated. they are aceria acroptiloni shevchenko & kacalev, 1974, rec. n. on rhaponticum repens (l.) hidalgo (asteraceae); aceria anthocoptes (nalepa, 1892), rec. n. on cirsium arvense (l.) scop. (asteraceae); aceria lactucae (canestrini, 1893), rec. n. on lactuca virosa l. (asteraceae); aceria pulicarissp. n. on pulicaria gnaphalodes (vent.) boiss. (asteraceae); aceria tosichella keifer, 1969 o ... | 2011 | 22144865 |
| relationship between the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes and feed efficiency in fat-tailed ghezel lambs. | this study was conducted to investigate relationships between mitochondrial respiratory chain complex activities, feed efficiency, and carcass traits in sheep. a group of ghezel male lambs sired by a single ram were randomly allotted to individual pens. the lambs were fed ad libitum with a fattening diet containing 30% roughage (corn silage and alfalfa hay) and 70% concentrate for 70 d to individually phenotype each lamb for fcr, adjusted fcr (afcr), and residual feed intake (rfi). the lambs wer ... | 2011 | 22147474 |
| Status of tobacco viruses in Serbia and molecular characterization of tomato spotted wilt virus isolates. | In a four-year survey to determine the presence and distribution of viruses in tobacco crops at 17 localities of the Vojvodina Province and Central Serbia, 380 samples were collected and analyzed by DAS-ELISA. Out of the seven viruses tested, tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), potato virus Y (PVY), tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), and alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) were detected in 37.9, 33.4, 28.7, 23.9, and 15.5% of the total tested samples, respectively. TSWV was the most ... | 2011 | 22149499 |
| Fermentation kinetics of sainfoin hay with and without PEG. | The in vitro gas production technique was applied to evaluate the biological activity of tannins in sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) hay cut at four progressive phenological stages. The buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) rumen fluid was used as inoculum, polyethylene glycol (PEG) was added as specific binding agent and an alfalfa hay (AH) was used as control. All samples were analysed for chemical composition and condensed tannin (CTs). According to the phenological stage of sainfoin, crude protein ... | 2011 | 22168179 |
| fattening performance and carcass traits of chios male lambs fed under traditional and intensive feeding conditions. | this study was carried out to compare the fattening performance and carcass traits of chios male lambs fed under traditional and intensive feeding conditions. in the study, a total of 34 lambs were randomly separated into traditional (t) and intensive (i) groups in equal numbers. lambs in group t were fed on ration prepared in local style and grazed in olive grove for 8 h/day. on the other hand, lambs in group i were fed on 255 g alfalfa hay animal(-1) day(-1) and ad libitum mixed feed. after a ... | 2011 | 22187360 |
| effect of different forage sources on performance and feeding behavior of holstein calves. | one hundred seventy-nine holstein male calves [44.7 kg of body weight (bw) and 8.3 d of age] participated in a series of 3 experiments to evaluate the effect of different forage sources on performance, apparent digestibility, and feeding behavior. animals in each study were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 different dietary treatments: control (con) calves were fed starter feed without any forage provision (this treatment was repeated in each of the 3 experiments), and the 2 other treatments consiste ... | 2012 | 22192208 |
| effects of subacute ruminal acidosis challenges on fermentation and endotoxins in the rumen and hindgut of dairy cows. | the effects of a grain-based subacute ruminal acidosis (sara) challenge (gbsc) and an alfalfa-pellet sara challenge (apsc) on fermentation and endotoxins in the rumen and in the cecum, as well as on endotoxins in peripheral blood, were determined. six nonlactating holstein cows with cannulas in the rumen and cecum were used in the study. a 3×3 latin square arrangement of treatments with 4-wk experimental periods was adopted. during the first 3 wk of each experimental period, all cows received a ... | 2012 | 22192209 |
| changes in ruminal bacterial community composition following feeding of alfalfa ensiled with a lactic acid bacterial inoculant. | some silage inoculants help to improve silage quality and promote an increase in milk production, possibly through altering the rumen microflora. we hypothesized that rumen bacterial community composition (bcc) would be different in cows fed alfalfa ensiled with the inoculant lactobacillus plantarum mtd/1 (lp) compared with those fed alfalfa ensiled without the inoculant (ctrl). eight ruminally cannulated holstein cows were allotted to 2 diets (ctrl or lp) in a double crossover design with four ... | 2012 | 22192212 |
| free ferulic acid uptake in ram lambs. | the objective of this research was to investigate the fate of free ferulic acid (fa) in sheep. ferulic acid is normally present in plants, bound to the indigestible cell wall. if the fa present in a ruminant diet is released from the cell wall with feed pretreatment methods, fa may be released into the rumen for digestion and/or absorption into the bloodstream. eight male dorset x finn lambs were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment (trt) concentrations, 0 (control), 3, 6 or 9 g/d free fa as pa ... | 2011 | 22205674 |
| [effect of spiders (arachnida: araneae) as predators of insect pest in alfalfa crops (medicago sativa) (fabaceae) in argentina]. | spiders are predators that reduce insect pest populations in agroecosystems. trials were conducted to measure the selectivity against different insect preys, the daily consumption, effect of predators alone and together with a known number of preys, and the indirect effect of predators on vegetation. for this, experimental units (1 x 1m) were used covered with a fine plastic mesh. misumenops pallidus, oxyopes salticus and araneus sp. were used as generalist predators, and aphids, weevils, locust ... | 2011 | 22208081 |
| Expression of an alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) ethylene response factor gene MsERF8 in tobacco plants enhances resistance to salinity. | Ethylene response factors (ERF) play crucial roles in plant development and response to stresses. Here, a novel cDNA fragment (MsERF8) encoding an ERF protein with an AP2 domain was isolated and characterized from alfalfa. The MsERF8 cDNA has an open reading frame of 603 bp and encodes a nuclear protein of 201 amino acids. Q-RT-PCR analysis revealed that MsERF8 was strongly enriched in roots and leaves compared with stems, flower buds and flowers of mature alfalfa plants. Bioinformatic analysis ... | 2011 | 22209951 |
| large-scale, spatially-explicit test of the refuge strategy for delaying insecticide resistance. | the refuge strategy is used worldwide to delay the evolution of pest resistance to insecticides that are either sprayed or produced by transgenic bacillus thuringiensis (bt) crops. this strategy is based on the idea that refuges of host plants where pests are not exposed to an insecticide promote survival of susceptible pests. despite widespread adoption of this approach, large-scale tests of the refuge strategy have been problematic. here we tested the refuge strategy with 8 y of data on refuge ... | 2012 | 22215605 |
| foraging range of honey bees, apis mellifera, in alfalfa seed production fields. | a study was conducted in 2006 and 2007 designed to examine the foraging range of honey bees, apis mellifera (hymenoptera: apidae), in a 15.2 km(2) area dominated by a 128.9 ha glyphosate-resistant roundup ready® alfalfa seed production field and several non-roundup ready alfalfa seed production fields (totaling 120.2 ha). each year, honey bee self-marking devices were placed on 112 selected honey bee colonies originating from nine different apiary locations. the foraging bees exiting each apiary ... | 2011 | 22224495 |
| in situ identification of carboxymethyl cellulose-digesting bacteria in the rumen of cattle fed alfalfa or triticale. | a method was developed and used to arrest and stain reducing sugars (glucose) produced by bacteria with cell-surface-associated carboxymethyl cellulase (cmcase) and endoglucanase activities (cmc bacteria) in the rumen of cows fed alfalfa or triticale. precipitation of silver oxide on the surface of individual cells was observed using cellulolytic bacterial pure cultures with known cmcase activity and rumen mixed cultures. the cmc bacteria in the liquid and solid fractions of the rumen digesta we ... | 2012 | 22224860 |
| effects of a combination of hinokitiol (β-thujaplicin) and an organic acid mixture on ruminal fermentation in heifers fed a high-grain diet. | this study evaluated the effects of hinokitiol (a natural antibacterial compound extracted from thujopsis dolabrata var. hondai) and an organic acid mixture (citrate content 50%) on ruminal fermentation. antibacterial properties were examined by measuring minimal inhibitory concentration. hinokitiol at 1.56 µg/ml or an organic acid mixture at 1600 µg/ml inhibited streptococcus bovis growth. the combination of 0.78 µg/ml hinokitiol and 200 µg/ml of an organic acid mixture also inhibited s. bovis ... | 2012 | 22250737 |
| field and vegetable crops as hosts of larval western spotted cucumber beetle (coleoptera: chrysomelidae). | the western spotted cucumber beetle, diabrotica undecimpunctata undecimpunctata mannerheim, is an important pest of melons (cucurmis melo l.) in northern california. recent observations indicate that adults are using alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) as a feeding host and larvae may be developing on the roots. greenhouse studies were conducted during the winters of 2009 and 2010 in which larval development was compared on the roots of six field and vegetable crops commonly grown in the southern sacra ... | 2011 | 22251641 |
| chalkbrood transmission in the alfalfa leafcutting bee: the impact of disinfecting bee cocoons in loose cell management systems. | understanding pathogen transmission could illuminate new methods for disease prevention. a case in point is chalkbrood in the alfalfa leafcutting bee [megachile rotundata (f.)]. propagation of this solitary bee is severely hampered by chalkbrood, a larval disease caused by ascosphaera aggregata (ascomycota). alfalfa leafcutting bees nest in existing cavities in wood or hollow reeds and overwinter as larvae. in the early summer, emerging adults frequently must chew through dead, diseased siblings ... | 2011 | 22251678 |
| effect of temperature on post-wintering development and total lipid content of alfalfa leafcutting bees. | temperature plays an important role in effective management of the alfalfa leafcutting bee [megachile rotundata (f.); megachilidae], the major commercial pollinator of seed alfalfa [medicago sativa (l.); fabaceae] in north america. to improve our understanding of threshold and optimum rearing temperatures of m. rotundata, we examined the effect of temperature on postwintering development by using a greater number of temperature treatments than applied in previous studies (19 versus eight or fewe ... | 2011 | 22251693 |
| desiccation induces viable but non-culturable cells in sinorhizobium meliloti 1021. | sinorhizobium meliloti is a microorganism commercially used in the production of e.g. medicago sativa seed inocula. many inocula are powder-based and production includes a drying step. although s. meliloti survives drying well, the quality of the inocula is reduced during this process. in this study we determined survival during desiccation of the commercial strains 102f84 and 102f85 as well as the model strain usda1021.the survival of s. meliloti 1021 was estimated during nine weeks at 22% rela ... | 2012 | 22260437 |
| efficacy of a post enrichment acid treatment for isolation of escherichia coli o157:h7 from alfalfa sprouts. | the enrichment, detection and isolation procedure in the current us fda bam have been shown effective for escherichia coli o157:h7 in a wide variety of foods. recently reported modifications to the enrichment protocol, including post-enrichment immunomagnetic separation (ims) procedures have improved sensitivity of the method for alfalfa sprouts. however, cultural isolation on selective agar plates still presents a challenge in this food matrix. the focus of this study was to reduce levels of co ... | 2012 | 22265287 |
| anthelmintic efficacy of five tropical native australian plants against haemonchus contortus and trichostrongylus colubriformis in experimentally infected goats (capra hircus). | the study of the anthelmintic properties of plants rich in plant secondary metabolites can provide ecologically sound methods for the treatment of parasites on grazing animals. the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the anthelmintic effect of five tropical native australian plant species rich in plant secondary metabolites on adult haemonchus contortus and trichostrongylus colubriformis in experimentally infected goats. thirty young, nematode-free goats were infected with 2500 h. conto ... | 2012 | 22265804 |
| effects of varying rates of tallgrass prairie hay and wet corn gluten feed on productivity of lactating dairy cows. | productivity of lactating dairy cows fed diets with wet corn gluten feed (wcgf, sweet bran, cargill inc., blair, ne) as the primary energy substrate and prairie hay as the primary source of physically effective neutral detergent fiber (pendf) was assessed relative to a control diet. forty-eight holstein cows, 100 to 250 d in milk, were randomly assigned to 1 of 6 pens and pens were randomly assigned to treatment sequence in a replicated 3×3 latin square. treatments were a control diet with 18% a ... | 2012 | 22281347 |
| short communication: effects of feeding sweet sorghum silage on milk production of lactating dairy cows. | the objective of this study was to determine the feeding value of sweet sorghum silage (ss) for dairy cows compared with alfalfa silage (as). two diets were formulated with a 50:50 forage:concentrate ratio. sweet sorghum silage and as constituted 70% of the forage in each diet (dry matter basis). twelve lactating holstein cows in early lactation were used in a crossover experiment. relative to as, ss contained 58% more neutral detergent fiber and 36.6 and 72.7% less acid detergent lignin and cru ... | 2012 | 22281350 |
| ability of commercially available dairy ration programs to predict duodenal flows of protein and essential amino acids in dairy cows. | the objective of this analysis was to compare the rumen submodel predictions of 4 commonly used dairy ration programs to observed values of duodenal flows of crude protein (cp), protein fractions, and essential aa (eaa). the literature was searched and 40 studies, including 154 diets, were used to compare observed values with those predicted by aminocow (ac), agricultural modeling and training systems (amts), cornell-penn-miner (cpm), and national research council 2001 (nrc) models. the models w ... | 2012 | 22281359 |
| stay-green ranking and maturity of corn hybrids: 2. effects on the performance of lactating dairy cows. | to address producer concerns that feeding high stay-green (sg) corn hybrids is associated with decreased performance and health problems in dairy cows, this study examined how the performance of cows was affected by feeding hybrids with contrasting sg rankings and maturities. two near-isogenic corn hybrids with high (hsg; croplan genetics 691, croplan genetics, st. paul, mn) and low (lsg; croplan genetics 737) sg rankings were grown on separate halves of a 10-ha field, harvested at 27% (maturity ... | 2012 | 22281361 |
| nad(p)+-malic enzyme mutants of sinorhizobium sp. strain ngr234, but not azorhizobium caulinodans ors571, maintain symbiotic n2 fixation capabilities. | c(4)-dicarboxylic acids appear to be metabolized via the tricarboxylic acid (tca) cycle in n(2)-fixing bacteria (bacteroids) within legume nodules. in sinorhizobium meliloti bacteroids from alfalfa, nad(+)-malic enzyme (dme) is required for n(2) fixation, and this activity is thought to be required for the anaplerotic synthesis of pyruvate. in contrast, in the pea symbiont rhizobium leguminosarum, pyruvate synthesis occurs via either dme or a pathway catalyzed by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinas ... | 2012 | 22307295 |
| mtpar myb transcription factor acts as an on switch for proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in medicago truncatula. | mtpar (medicago truncatula proanthocyanidin regulator) is an myb family transcription factor that functions as a key regulator of proanthocyanidin (pa) biosynthesis in the model legume medicago truncatula. mtpar expression is confined to the seed coat, the site of pa accumulation. loss-of-function par mutants contained substantially less pa in the seed coat than the wild type, whereas levels of anthocyanin and other specialized metabolites were normal in the mutants. in contrast, massive accumul ... | 2012 | 22307644 |
| e. coli o157:h7 population reduction from alfalfa seeds with malic acid and thiamine dilauryl sulfate and quality evaluation of the resulting sprouts. | it has been reported that washing seeds with a 20000 ppm ca(ocl)(2) solution as recommended by the u.s. food and drug administration is unable to eliminate e. coli cells attached to seed surfaces, and the bacterial cells that have survived a sanitation wash can proliferate during sprouting to a high population. the objectives of this research were to examine the efficacy of malic acid (ma) and thiamine dilauryl sulfate (tds) combined treatments on the inactivation of e. coli o157:h7 on alfalfa s ... | 2012 | 22309403 |
| in silico insights into the symbiotic nitrogen fixation in sinorhizobium meliloti via metabolic reconstruction. | sinorhizobium meliloti is a soil bacterium, known for its capability to establish symbiotic nitrogen fixation (snf) with leguminous plants such as alfalfa. s. meliloti 1021 is the most extensively studied strain to understand the mechanism of snf and further to study the legume-microbe interaction. in order to provide insight into the metabolic characteristics underlying the snf mechanism of s. meliloti 1021, there is an increasing demand to reconstruct a metabolic network for the stage of snf i ... | 2012 | 22319621 |
| fermentation, degradation and microbial nitrogen partitioning for three forage colour phenotypes within anthocyanidin-accumulating lc-alfalfa progeny. | alfalfa has the disadvantage of having a rapid initial rate of protein degradation, which results in pasture bloat, low efficiency of protein utilisation and excessive nitrogen (n) pollution into the environment for cattle. introducing a gene that stimulates the accumulation of monomeric/polymeric anthocyanidins might reduce the ruminal protein degradation rate (by fixing protein and/or direct interaction with microbes) and additionally reduce methane emission. the objectives of this study were ... | 2012 | 22337233 |
| comparative genomic analysis of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar weltevreden foodborne strains with other serovars. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar weltevreden is a dominant serovar associated with foodborne gastroenteritis in south-east asia and emerging in europe associated with fresh vegetables. here we compared the genome of strain 2007-60-3289-1 linked to an alfalfa sprout outbreak in scandinavia with a s. weltevreden strain isolated from scallops in the usa and with other s. enterica serovars. a unique plasmid psw82 was identified for s. weltevreden carrying a two-component type ii non-ribos ... | 2012 | 22341936 |
| a novel phytotoxic nonenolide from phomopsis sp. hccb03520. | a novel phytotoxic nonenolide, (6s,7r,9r)-6,7-dihydroxy-9-propylnon-4-eno-9-lactone (1), was isolated from solid cultures of the endophytic fungus phomopsis sp. hccb03520, together with three known compounds, cytochalasin h (2), cytochalasin n (3), and epoxycytochalasin h (4). the structures of these compounds were elucidated through spectroscopic analysis, and the absolute configurations were determined by cd spectroscopy. phytotoxic activities of compounds 1-4 were also investigated. compound ... | 2012 | 22344916 |
| temperature stress affects the expression of immune response genes in the alfalfa leafcutting bee, megachile rotundata. | environmental stresses are thought to be associated with increases in disease suceptibility, attributable to evolutionary trade-offs between the energy demands required to deal with stress vs pathogens. we compared the effects of temperature stress and pathogen exposure on the immune response of a solitary bee, megachile rotundata. using an oligonucleotide microarray with 125 genes (375 probes), we determined that both high and low temperatures increased the expression of immune response genes i ... | 2012 | 22356318 |
| measuring residual feed intake in dairy heifers fed an alfalfa (medicago sativa) cube diet. | selection for divergence between individuals for efficiency of feed utilization (residual feed intake, rfi) has widespread application in the beef industry and is usually undertaken when animals are fed diets based on silages with grain. the objective of this research was to develop a feeding system (using gallagher, hamilton, new zealand, electronics) to measure rfi for growth in holstein-friesian heifers (aged 5-9 mo), and identify divergent individuals to be tested for rfi during lactation. a ... | 2012 | 22365228 |
| comparison of effects of dietary coconut oil and animal fat blend on lactational performance of holstein cows fed a high-starch diet. | dietary medium-chain fatty acids (c(8:0) through c(12:0)) are researched for their potential to reduce enteric methane emissions and to increase n utilization efficiency in ruminants. we aimed to 1) compare coconut oil (cno; ~60% medium-chain fatty acids) with a source of long-chain fatty acids (animal fat blend; afb) on lactational responses in a high-starch diet and 2) determine the effect of different dietary concentrations of cno on dry matter intake (dmi). in experiment 1, the control diet ... | 2012 | 22365230 |
| phenotypic and phylogenetic analysis of lactic acid bacteria isolated from forage crops and grasses in the tibetan plateau. | a total of 140 lactic acid bacteria (lab) strains were isolated from corn, alfalfa, clover, sainfoin, and indian goosegrass in the tibetan plateau. according to phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, 16s rdna sequence, and reca gene pcr amplification, these lab isolates were identified as belonging to five genera and nine species. corn contained more lab species than other forage crops. leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides, lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, lactobacillus brevis, and weissella ... | 2012 | 22367939 |
| alfalfa forage digestibility, quality and yield under future climate change scenarios vary with sinorhizobium meliloti strain. | elevated co(2) may decrease alfalfa forage quality and in vitro digestibility through a drop in crude protein and an enhancement of fibre content. the aim of the present study was to analyse the effect of elevated co(2), elevated temperature and sinorhizobium meliloti strains (102f78, 102f34 and 1032 gmi) on alfalfa yield, forage quality and in vitro dry matter digestibility. this objective is in line with the selection of s. meliloti strains in order to maintain high forage yield and quality un ... | 2012 | 22369772 |
| control of xiphinema index populations by fallow plants under greenhouse and field conditions. | the dagger nematode xiphinema index has a high economic impact in vineyards by direct pathogenicity and above all by transmitting the grapevine fanleaf virus (gflv). agrochemicals have been largely employed to restrict the spread of gflv by reducing x. index populations but are now banned. as an alternative to nematicides, the use of fallow plants between two successive vine crops was assessed. we selected plant species adapted to vineyard soils and exhibiting negative impact on nematodes and we ... | 2012 | 22376084 |
| models analyses for allelopathic effects of chicory at equivalent coupling of nitrogen supply and ph level on f. arundinacea, t. repens and m. sativa. | alllelopathic potential of chicory was investigated by evaluating its effect on seed germination, soluble sugar, malondialdehyde (mda) and the chlorophyll content of three target plants species (festuca arundinacea, trifolium repens and medicago sativa). the secretion of allelochemicals was regulated by keeping the donor plant (chicory) separate from the three target plant species and using different ph and nitrogen levels. leachates from donor pots with different ph levels and nitrogen concentr ... | 2012 | 22384054 |
| [effects of plant hedgerow on population dynamics of wheat aphid and its natural enemies]. | this paper studied the effects of planting different kinds of plant hedgerow (amorpha fruticosa, vetiveria zizanioides, eulaliopsis binata, and medicago sativa) on the population dynamics of wheat aphid and its natural enemies in the hillside wheat fields in ziyang city of sichuan province, southwest china. on the 20 degrees hillside, a. fruticosa hedgerow inhibited the occurrence of wheat aphid in the wheat field significantly, and the parasitoid densities were equal to or significantly lower t ... | 2011 | 22384596 |
| early experience with diverse foods increases intake of nonfamiliar flavors and feeds in sheep. | this study determined whether early experiences by sheep with monotonous or diverse diets influence intake of unfamiliar flavors and feeds later in life. thirty 2-mo-old lambs were randomly assigned to 3 treatment diets (n = 10): diverse (div), diverse with plant toxins (div+t), and monotonous (mon). lambs in div received in 9 successive periods of exposure 4-way choice combinations of 2 foods high in energy and 2 foods high in protein from an array of 6 foods: 3 high in energy [beet pulp, oat g ... | 2012 | 22393032 |
| silencing of the rac1 gtpase mtrop9 in medicago truncatula stimulates early mycorrhizal and oomycete root colonizations but negatively affects rhizobial infection. | rac/rop proteins (ρ-related gtpases of plants) are plant-specific small g proteins that function as molecular switches within elementary signal transduction pathways, including the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ros) generation during early microbial infection via the activation of nadph oxidase homologs of plants termed rboh (for respiratory burst oxidase homolog). we investigated the role of medicago truncatula jemalong a17 small gtpase mtrop9, orthologous to medicago sativa rac1, via ... | 2012 | 22399646 |
| pcr analysis of expr gene regulating biosynthesis of exopolysaccharides in sinorhizobium meliloti. | exopolysaccharide (eps) production by the rhizobacterium sinorhizobium meliloti is essential for root nodule formation on its legume host (alfalfa), and for establishment of a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis between the two partners. production of eps ii (galactoglucan) by certain s. meliloti strains results in a mucoid colony phenotype. other strains that are unable to produce eps ii display a dry phenotype, due to the presence of an insertion element in the gene expr, a key regulator involved in man ... | 2012 | 22419591 |
| duration and frequency of a high temperature pulse affect survival of emergence-ready megachile rotundata (hymenoptera: megachilidae) during low-temperature incubation. | synchronizing megachile rotundata (f.) nesting activity with alfalfa bloom is essential for ensuring optimal pollination for alfalfa seed production. this is achieved by timing the initiation of spring bee incubation so that adults will emerge -2 wk before peak bloom. if weather conditions change so as to delay the bloom, bee managers will commonly expose the developing bees to a period of low-temperature incubation to slow their development. we have previously demonstrated survival during low-t ... | 2012 | 22420249 |
| the potential use of n-alkanes, long-chain alcohols and long-chain fatty acids as diet composition markers: indoor validation with sheep and herbage species from the rangeland of inner mongolia of china. | to investigate the potential use of n-alkanes (alkanes), long-chain alcohols (alcohols) and long-chain fatty acids (acids) for estimating the diet composition of sheep, in a feeding trial. a total of 18 sheep were assigned randomly to three different diets (diet a, diet b and diet c) containing up to eight herbage species (leymus chinensis, leymus dasystachys, elymus sibiricum, chenopodium album, puccinellia chinampoensis, medicago sativa, saussurea sinuata and bromus inermis). faecal recoveries ... | 2012 | 22436224 |
| effects of alfalfa silage storage structure and roasting corn on ruminal digestion and microbial cp synthesis in lactating dairy cows. | the objective of this experiment was to quantify the effects of unroasted or roasted ground-shelled corn (gsc), when fed with alfalfa ensiled in bag, bunker, or o2-limiting tower silos on ruminal digestion and microbial cp synthesis in lactating dairy cows. the roasted corn was heat-treated in a propane-fired roasting system. alfalfa was harvested as second cutting from fields with regrowth of the same maturity. a portion of each field was allotted to each silo. the diets with 3 × 2 factorial ar ... | 2012 | 22436279 |
| phytochemical complementarities among endophyte-infected tall fescue, reed canarygrass, birdsfoot trefoil and alfalfa affect cattle foraging. | we determined whether plant diversity and sequence of plant ingestion affected foraging when cattle chose from plants that varied in concentrations of alkaloids, tannins and saponins. we hypothesized cattle that ate high-alkaloid grasses (endophyte-infected tall fescue (tf) or reed canarygrass (rcg)) would prefer forages high in tannins (birdsfoot trefoil, bft+) or saponins (alfalfa, alf+), because tannins and saponins can bind to alkaloids, presumably reducing their absorption. we further hypot ... | 2012 | 22436285 |
| dairy cows' reproductive response to feeding level differs according to the reproductive stage and the breed. | reproductive performance has decreased over the last decades in many dairy systems. this study aimed at comparing the effects of a high- and a low-feeding level on reproductive stages (cyclicity, oestrus and fertility) of holstein and normande cows in a grass-based winter compact calving system. high-fed cows received a total mixed ration composed of 55% maize silage, 15% dehydrated alfalfa pellets and 30% concentrate in winter and 4 kg/day concentrate supply at grazing. low-fed cows only receiv ... | 2011 | 22439995 |
| fenugreek (trigonella foenum-graecum l.) as an alternative forage for dairy cows. | fenugreek is a novel forage crop in canada that is generating interest as an alternative to alfalfa for dairy cows. to evaluate the value of fenugreek haylage relative to alfalfa haylage, six, second lactation holstein cows (56 ± 8 days in milk), which were fitted with rumen cannulas (10 cm i.d., bar diamond inc., parma, id, usa) were used in a replicated three × three latin square design with 18-day periods. diets consisting of 400 g/kg haylage, 100 g/kg barley silage and 500 g/kg concentrate o ... | 2011 | 22440282 |