Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| perforation of the small intestine in a patient with disseminated pneumocystis carinii infection in aids. | perforation of the small intestine due to a segmental transmural pneumocystis carinii infiltrate of the whole circumference was found in a surgical resection specimen as the cause of an acute abdomen in a 48-year-old heterosexual male patient suffering from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. on autopsy, a disseminated pneumocystis carinii infection was found involving spleen, thyroid gland and lymph nodes. the origin of this disseminated infection was a recurrent and severe pneumocystis carinii ... | 1996 | 8705791 |
| risks and benefits of aerosolized pentamidine and cotrimoxazole in primary prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-1-infected patients: a two-year italian multicentric randomized controlled trial. the italian pcp study group. | we randomized 220 hiv-1-infected subjects to receive aerosolized pentamidine (300 mg/4 weeks) or orally trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (320-1600 mg/day) for primary prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), and evaluated pcp and toxoplasmic encephalitis (te) occurrence and survival. patients developing toxicity switched to the other regimen. analysis was on intention-to-treat. at 1 year of study, we observed in the pentamidine group a non-significant excess of pcp (4 vs. 1) and te (7 v ... | 1996 | 8708369 |
| detecting infection and inflammation with technetium-99m-labeled stealth liposomes. | the performance of 99mtc stealth liposomes was investigated in various rat models. | 1996 | 8708782 |
| hiv-associated respiratory diseases. | the lungs of individuals infected with hiv are often affected by opportunistic infections and tumours; over two-thirds of patients have at least one respiratory episode during the course of their disease. despite the availability of effective prophylaxis, infection with the fungus pneumocystis carinii remains a common cause of respiratory disease. bacterial infections, which occur more frequently in hiv-infected persons than in the general population, and tuberculosis are increasing causes of mo ... | 1996 | 8709692 |
| pulmonary complications of hiv infection. | pulmonary disease is a major source of morbidity and mortality in hiv-infected persons. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia has decreased substantially during the last eight years, but in the united states it remains the most common disorder that announces the onset of aids. in contrast, tuberculosis is by far the most important aids-associated indicator disease in developing countries. community-acquired acute bacterial pneumonia is a common hiv-linked complication throughout the world; pneumonia oc ... | 1996 | 8712766 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. diagnosis using immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies]. | 1996 | 8714195 | |
| validating literature-based models with direct clinical trial results: the cost-effectiveness of secondary prophylaxis for pcp in aids patients. | to compare literature-based estimates of the cost-effectiveness ratios of strategies for secondary prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in aids patients with estimates obtained using data from a recent comparative clinical trial. | 1996 | 8717596 |
| recent advances in the prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1996 | 8718463 | |
| serum igg antibody response to pneumocystis carinii among immunosuppressed, malnourished and healthy rats. | pneumocystis carinii is an important opportunistic pulmonary pathogen that causing pneumonia in premature infants, children with immunodeficiency diseases and patients of all ages receiving immunosuppressive agents. in this work, humoral immune responses to this organism were studied, using ifat during the period of infection and recovery of immunosuppressed and malnourished rats compared to healthy group. where sever pneumonitis similar to that seen in humans can be induced in this experimental ... | 1996 | 8721229 |
| zidovudine, trimethoprim, and dapsone pharmacokinetic interactions in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | zidovudine is widely prescribed for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. trimethoprim and dapsone are commonly used in the management of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-infected patients. to examine the pharmacokinetic interactions among these drugs, eight hiv-infected patients (26 to 43 years old) with a mean cd4 count of 524.4 +/- 405.7 cells per mm3 received zidovudine (200 mg), trimethoprim (200 mg), and dapsone (100 mg) as single agents and in two- and three- ... | 1996 | 8723472 |
| in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory effects of anti-pneumocystis carinii drugs. | the anti-pneumocystis carinii drug effects on mitogen-, antigen-, and interleukin-2-induced proliferative responses and on natural killer (nk) cell-mediated activity were analyzed in vivo (rats) and in vitro (normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells). splenocytes derived from in vivo piritrexim- and clindamycin-treated rats showed a significant inhibition of mitogen-induced proliferative responses. in vitro exposure to clindamycin, piritrexim, and pyrimethamine caused an inhibition of hum ... | 1996 | 8723488 |
| trophozoite elimination in a rat model of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by clinically achievable plasma deferoxamine concentrations. | in a rat model of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, a 3-week infusion of deferoxamine producing concentrations in plasma of > or = 1.5 micrograms m-1 eliminated the trophozoite life cycle stage. since this concentration is well below that routinely achieved in patients treated for iron overload, deferoxamine has promise as a therapy for aids-associated p.carinii pneumonia. | 1996 | 8723489 |
| rapid oral desensitization to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in infants and children. | although trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is the preferred chemoprophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, there are frequent ige-mediated reactions among children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). oral desensitization allows more patients to receive chemoprophylaxis, but it has been studied in only a limited number of children. | 1996 | 8724071 |
| 6,7-disubstituted 2,4-diaminopteridines: novel inhibitors of pneumocystis carinii and toxoplasma gondii dihydrofolate reductase. | four novel, disubstituted diaminopteridines have been identified which antagonize the uptake of a folate precursor (para-aminobenzoic acid) by rat-derived pneumocystis carinii maintained in short-term axenic culture at concentrations ranging from 4.5 to 26 microm. the compounds were at least 10 to 100 times more active than trimethoprim in this assay. none of these entities exhibited toxicity to mammalian cell lines at < 100 microm. the same structures also caused significant inhibition of toxop ... | 1996 | 8726003 |
| antibacterial activities of epiroprim, a new dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, alone and in combination with dapsone. | epiroprim (epm; ro 11-8958) is a new selective inhibitor of microbial dihydrofolate reductase. epm displayed excellent activity against staphylococci, enterococci, pneumococci, and streptococci which was considerably better than that of trimethoprim (tmp). epm was also active against tmp-resistant strains, although the mics were still relatively high. its combination with dapsone (dds) was synergistic and showed as in vitro activity superior to that of the tmp combination with sulfamethoxazole ( ... | 1996 | 8726004 |
| nosocomial colonization and infection in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | nosocomial infections appear to be increased in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), compared to individuals with asymptomatic infection due to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). risk factors for bacterial colonization and infection include immunosuppression, prior treatment with some antibiotics, increased hospitalizations with longer lengths of stay, greater exposure to invasive devices such as indwelling intravenous or urinary catheters, and the degree of immunosuppressio ... | 1996 | 8727620 |
| cavitary pulmonary lesions in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | the differential diagnosis of cavitary pulmonary lesions in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is broad, especially in patients with advanced disease. in patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, cavitation is an uncommon manifestation of a common disease. it is unusual in patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis, coccidioidomycosis, and histoplasmosis but occurs frequently in patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, cav ... | 1996 | 8729207 |
| factors associated with the development of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1996 | 8729234 | |
| surfactant protein-a levels increase during pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the rat. | in bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and in lungs of glucocorticoid-immunosuppressed rats infected with p. carinii, surfactant phospholipid levels are reduced. however, levels of the surfactant-associated protein-a (sp-a) in bal are 4-5 times higher than normal in patients with p. carinii pneumonia. in this study, we examined the effects of glucocorticoid immunosuppression and p. carinii infection on sp-a mess ... | 1996 | 8730021 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in childhood systemic lupus erythematosus. | although pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is known to occur in adults with systemic lupus erythematosus (sle), this infection has rarely been described in childhood sle. we describe 3 children with sle who developed pcp and describe risk factors for this complication. | 1996 | 8730139 |
| pleural leak localization with tc-99m pentetate aerosol in an aids patient with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1996 | 8732844 | |
| pneumocystis carinii in a patient with pulmonary sarcoidosis and idiopathic cd4+ t lymphocytopenia. | a case of pulmonary sarcoidosis and idiopathic cd4+ t lymphocytopenia is reported. pneumocystis carinii was detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of a young homosexual man who was asymptomatic without any evidence of congenital or acquired immunodeficiency but with a low cd4+ cell count. a clinical and histological diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis was made. during follow up the patient had oral candidiasis and a cd4+ cell count persistently below 300/microliters. this case is highly sug ... | 1996 | 8733504 |
| [fungal infections in 100 patients subjected to heart transplantation]. | to evaluate prevalence, causes, clinical aspects, topography and deaths due to fungal infections diagnosed in a series of patients submitted to heart transplantation. | 1996 | 8734861 |
| detection of pneumocystis carinii dna in blood by pcr is not of value for diagnosis of p. carinii pneumonia. | a nested pcr which amplified a portion of the mitochondrial large-subunit rrna gene of pneumocystis carinii was used to detect p. carinii dna in blood from patients with p. carinii pneumonia. p. carinii dna was not detected in serum and was detected at low levels of blood cells. | 1996 | 8735128 |
| detection of pneumocystis carinii sequences in serum by polymerase chain reaction. | the clinical significance of the detection of pneumocystis carinii dna was evaluated, as well as the detection of circulating p. carinii antigen from serum using previously collected samples. fourteen serum samples from 13 patients were diagnosed positively for p. carinii dna by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). ten of 14 episodes (71.4%) of pulmonary complications were compatible with p. carinii pneumonia. two patients were definitely diagnosed as having had p. carinii pneumonia at autopsy. all ... | 1996 | 8736207 |
| hydrolytic enzyme of the alveolar macrophage in diffuse pulmonary interstitial disease. | hydrolytic enzymes [acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, beta-d-n-acetyl glucosaminidase (beta-d-naga), lysozyme and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ace)] are the major constituents of alveolar macrophages (am). these enzymes play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of interstitial lung diseases. cell-associated activity of several enzymes in alveolar macrophages obtained from control subjects (n = 5) and patients suffering five representative types of interstitial pulmonary diseases [sarcoidosis ... | 1996 | 8736208 |
| enteric pathogens associated with gastrointestinal dysfunction in children with hiv infection. | infants and young children with hiv infection commonly suffer from gastrointestinal manifestations of their disease. many hiv infected children have evidence of persistent diarrhoea, malabsorption, malnutrition or growth failure. the aetiology and pathogenesis of gastrointestinal dysfunction in hiv infected children have not been well defined. we performed immunocytochemical analyses on intestinal tissue from 19 hiv-infected children with gastrointestinal dysfunction or growth failure. none of t ... | 1996 | 8737389 |
| prevention of infection in children with acute leukaemia. no major difference between total and selective bowel decontamination. | to evaluate the effect of total bowel decontamination (td) and selective bowel decontamination (sd) in a non-protective environment clinical and laboratory data of children treated for acute leukaemia between 1983 and 1991 were analysed retrospectively. from 1983 until 1989 34 patients [18 acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia (anll) patients, 16 acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (all) patients] received td and 31 patients (8 anll patients, 23 all patients) received sd from 1987 until 1991. td consisted ... | 1996 | 8739653 |
| [efficiency of combination chemotherapy and interferon-alpha therapy in a patient with aids-related cutaneous and gastrointestinal kaposi's sarcoma]. | a 40-year-old male was admitted to the hospital with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). two months before admission the patient had a high fever, general fatigue and mild epigastic tenderness. on admission, physical examination revealed numerous small tumors on the head, gingiva, neck, nasal ala, anterior forehead, anterior thoracic, bilateral sole and bilateral lower limbs. at that time, the cd4 cell count was 130/microliters. upper gi endoscopy ... | 1996 | 8741713 |
| [analysis of 1,187 consecutive cases of aids: variations and trends in time]. | the characteristics of aids patients in spain have already been described, as have the factors which may or may not be present at the time of aids diagnosis influence in the prognosis. the introduction of zidovudine and later other antiretroviral drugs have improved the prognosis versus historical controls. nonetheless, advances in prevention, control and the treatment of opportunistic infections have provided the greatest influence in the development of clinical manifestations of aids: the aim ... | 1996 | 8744367 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the transplant recipient]. | the aim of the present was to study the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of 20 cases of pneumonia by pneumocystis carinii (npc) diagnosed over the last 10 years in renal, renopancreatic, liver and bone marrow transplant recipients. | 1996 | 8744368 |
| [pneumonia diagnosed with bronchoscopy in hiv-positive patients]. | the object of our research is to analyse the microbiological results of the samples which have been obtained by means of fibronchoscopy (fb) from hiv positive patients from 1991 until 1993. | 1996 | 8744373 |
| cutaneous pneumocystis carinii and cryptococcus neoformans in aids. | a patient with aids was found to have skin lesions which contained the organisms pneumocystis carinii and cryptococcus neoformans. both organisms were identified using haematoxylin and eosin, gomori methenamine silver, giemsa and mucicarmine stains. electron microscopy was performed and confirmed their presence. the clinical presentation, histopathology, differential diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous p. carinii and c. neoformans in aids is presented. | 1996 | 8745906 |
| pneumocystis carinii and parasitic infections in transplantation. | pneumocystis carinii remains an important pathogen in organ transplantation. new therapeutic options have been developed for the prevention and treatment of p. carinii pneumonia. parasitic infections are recognized more frequently in potential organ donors or recipients as travel and technology for transplantation extend into endemic regions. parasites important to transplantation are largely those that can replicate in humans and that cause infection, the intensity of which is regulated by immu ... | 1995 | 8747777 |
| intrapulmonary and systemic pharmacokinetics of aerosolized pentamidine used for prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. | a study was conducted to determine the intrapulmonary and systemic pharmacokinetics of aerosolized pentamidine prophylaxis (app) in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). 151 patients received high-dose (300 mg twice a month or 600 mg once a month) app as part of a previously published clinical trial, and 29 additional patients received standard-dose (300 mg once a month) app. serial blood samples were obtained from the first cohort: 577 samples were obtained from 76 patients ... | 1995 | 8750367 |
| pneumonia in cats caused by pneumocystis carinii purified from mouse lungs. | fourteen mice trapped in or near houses were infected with pneumocystis carinii and the establishment of pneumonia was helped by injecting with cortisone acetate for 6 weeks. then 16 cats were infected with p. carinii by injection of lung homogenate from the mice which contained from 1.3 x 10(5) to 2.6 x 10(5) p. carinii cysts. the infection resulted in severe cough and tachypnea in cats 1-8 injected with cortisone acetate, and a subclinical infection in cats 9-16. in cats 1-8, the main patholog ... | 1996 | 8750695 |
| spontaneous pneumothorax in the aids population. | spontaneous pneumothorax (sp) in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) has become the leading cause of nontraumatic pneumothorax in the urban population. however, the appropriate treatment, especially the role of surgical intervention, remains controversial. a retrospective study of 33 patients with aids who were treated for 38 episodes of sps (5 bilateral sps) at our institution was conducted. the study consisted of 25 males (76%) and 8 females (24%) with a mean age of 38 year ... | 1996 | 8751768 |
| pneumothorax as the presenting sign of pneumocystis carinii infection in an hiv-positive child with prior lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis. | an hiv-positive child presented with a pneumothorax secondary to cavitary pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis had been evident on earlier radiographs but had resolved, concurrent with a decrease in her cd4 counts, before the radiographic changes of pcp became evident. as immune function declines in hiv-positive children, the chest radiograph may paradoxically clear. in such a setting, development of focal lung disease, including pneumothorax, may herald pne ... | 1996 | 8753672 |
| naturally acquired pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in gene disruption mutant mice: roles of distinct t-cell populations in infection. | when kept under strict specific-pathogen-free conditions, h-21-abeta (abeta(-/-),t-cell receptor beta (tcrbeta(-/-)), and recombinase-activating gene 1 (rag-1(-/-) gene disruption mutant mice, deficient in conventional cd4+ t cells, tcralphabeta cells, and all peripheral t and b lymphocytes, respectively, consistently developed lethal pneumocystis carinii pneumonia through natural infection. the most severe symptoms appeared in rag-1(-/-) mutants. in contrast, tcrdelta(-/-) and beta2-microglobul ... | 1996 | 8757854 |
| the first one hundred aids cases in hong kong. | to study the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the first 100 reported aids cases in hong kong. | 1996 | 8758375 |
| madin darby canine kidney: a new cell line for pneumocystis carinii in vitro culture. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is a highly frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised subjects, particularly in hiv-infected ones. the biology of p. carinii is poorly understood because of the lack of reliable synthetic media or adequate cell lines to grow this opportunistic pathogen in continuous culture. we reported the suitability of the mdck (madin darby canine kidney, attc ccl 34) cell line to support the temporary microorganism's growth in vitro and the experiment ... | 1996 | 8758555 |
| lack of activity of artemether for prophylaxis and treatment of toxoplasma gondii and pneumocystis carinii infections in rat. | artemisinin and its derivatives have been found effective in vivo against plasmodium and in vitro against toxoplasma gondii and pneumocystis carinii. we tested the activity of artemether for prophylaxis and treatment in the rat model of concurrent t. gondii and p. carinii infection. artemether at doses of 18 and 100 mg/kg administered (s.c.) in prophylaxis did not prevent toxoplasmosis or pneumocystosis, while trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (reference treatment) was effective for prevention of bot ... | 1996 | 8758556 |
| cd4 and total lymphocyte counts as predictors of hiv disease progression. | cd4+ t-lymphocyte (cd4) counts are a standard laboratory marker of disease progression in hiv infection, but expense precludes their use in large parts of the world. total lymphocyte counts (tlc), in contrast, are widely available. we compared cd4 and tlc counts as predictors of developing aids or death in 831 hiv-positive out-patients (582 males and 249 females with both homosexual (males, n = 316) and heterosexual (n = 515) transmission patterns. the first cd4 count < 200/microliter and first ... | 1996 | 8759490 |
| aerobic bacteria, chlamydia trachomatis, pneumocystis carinii and cytomegalovirus as agents of severe pneumonia in small infants. | the authors studied 58 infants hospitalized for pneumonia in a semi-intensive care unit. age ranged from 1 complete to 6 incomplete months. the infants were sent from another hospital in 20 cases and from home in a further 38. pulmonary involvement, which was alveolar in 46 cases and interstitial in 12, was bilateral in 31 children. the investigation was carried out prospectively on the etiological agents associated with respiratory infection to look for evidence of aerobic bacteria (blood cultu ... | 1996 | 8762633 |
| employment of terbinafine against pneumocystis carinii infection in rat models. | the anti-pneumocystis carinii response of terbinafine together with that of three other compounds, trimethoprim sulphamethoxazole (tmp-smx), atovaquone (atq) and albendazole (alb), has been investigated in immunosuppressed sprague-dawley rats with established pneumocystosis. drugs were administered orally (terbinafine in dosages of 40 and 80 mg/kg per day, tmp 12.5 mg/kg per day plus smx 62.5 mg/kg per day, atq 100 mg/kg per day and alb 600 mg/kg per day) to six rat groups except one which serve ... | 1996 | 8763466 |
| synthesis of tumor necrosis factor-alpha mrna in bronchoalveolar lavage cells from human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cells from a cohort of 34 human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons with established pneumocystis carinii pneumonia were examined for expression of tumor necrosis factors (tnf-alpha) mrna by fluorescence in situ hybridization with an antisense riboprobe. video image analysis was used to develop a quantitative assay that evaluates relative single-cell levels of mrna. the resulting data were analyzed as an antisense-to-sense ratio and examined for correlation betwe ... | 1996 | 8769632 |
| diversity of host species and strains of pneumocystis carinii is based on rrna sequences. | we have amplified by pcr pneumocystis carinii cytoplasmic small-subunit rrna (variously referred to as 16s-like or 18s-like rrna) genes from dna extracted from bronchoalveolar lavage and induced sputum specimens from patients positive for p. carinii and from infected ferret lung tissue. the amplification products were cloned into puc18, and individual clones were sequenced. comparison of the determined sequences with each other and with published rat and partial human p.carinii small-subunit rrn ... | 1996 | 8770515 |
| morphological study of bacteria of the respiratory system using fluorescence microscopy of papanicolaou-stained smears with special regard to the identification of mycobacteria sp. | in papanicolaou-stained smears certain structures such as nucleoli, pneumocystis carinii, charcot-leyden crystals, bacteria and fungi show a brilliant fluorescence. the morphological characteristics of microorganisms which can be detected by this system, especially mycobacteria, are described. this screening method offers the possibility of providing the clinician with a provisional diagnosis within hours. proof of the nature of the organisms should be obtained by culture. | 1995 | 8770540 |
| rapid microscopic detection of cytomegalovirus and pcp in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens. | this article describes how bronchoalveolar lavage specimens can be screened rapidly and inexpensively for pneumocystis carinii and cytomegalovirus infections with materials available in any hospital laboratory. | 1996 | 8772406 |
| five year leukaemia-free survival of 72% and 77% for early stage acute and chronic myeloid leukaemia treated by hla-identical sibling bone marrow transplantation. | hla-identical sibling bone marrow transplantation is an accepted treatment for patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (aml) and chronic myeloid leukaemia (cml). we have recently reported improving results in hla-identical sibling transplant over the ten year period 1981-1990. in this report we described the outcome in patients transplanted at st vincent's hospital, sydney between 1989 and 1993. | 1996 | 8775529 |
| severe community-acquired pneumonia. | severe community-acquired pneumonia is a distinct clinical entity usually requiring intensive care unit (icu) management. among community-acquired pneumonia (cap) requiring hospital admission, approximately 10% will receive icu care and the mortality rate ranges from 21% to 47%. host-related factors, clinical presentation, laboratory and radiographic findings on admission are useful in identifing the patient at high risk for fulminant pneumonia. the most common organisms responsible for severe c ... | 1996 | 8776779 |
| severe pulmonary infections in aids patients. | pulmonary infections are a very common complication in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) patients. these infections may be severe enough to initiate the admission of these patients to intensive care units (icu). pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is the most frequent cause of icu admission because of acute respiratory failure. mortality of icu-admitted patients with this infection has changed with time. initial reports confirmed a high mortality (80% to 90%). after 1985, the mortality ... | 1996 | 8776781 |
| immunopathogenesis and spectrum of infections in systemic lupus erythematosus. | this study reviews the pertinent immunopathologic mechanisms that contribute to increased susceptibility to infection in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) and the spectrum of infections in patients with sle. it assesses the impact on patient care, morbidity, and mortality. | 1996 | 8778988 |
| incidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after renal transplantation. impact of immunosuppression. | the incidence and potential risk factors of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in our population of renal transplant recipients were analyzed retrospectively. of 1427 patients who received transplants between january 1986 and june 1994, 1192 were evaluated. four different immunosuppressive regimens were applied: (1) cyclosporine (csa) + prednisolone (pred), (2) csa + azathioprine (aza, 2 mg/kg/day) + pred, (3) csa + aza + antithymocyte globulin, and (4) (after december 1, 1993, european multic ... | 1996 | 8779695 |
| [pancytopenia and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia associated with low dose methotrexate pulse therapy for rheumatoid arthritis--case report and review of literature]. | low-dose weekly pulse mtx therapy is effective for rheumatoid arthritis (ra) and is used for patients with ra who are unresponsive to conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (dmards). we used mtx to a 62-year-old man with ra who had received dmards for 5 years. mtx was effective for ra but after 12 weeks mtx therapy started, he complicated pancytopenia and developed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. we reviewed all ra patients reported in japan and in the world from 1965, complicated wi ... | 1996 | 8779792 |
| molecular biology and epidemiology of pneumocystis carinii infection in aids. | 1996 | 8780810 | |
| the role of t cells in infection-driven interstitial pneumonia after bone marrow transplantation in mice. | over the course of five weeks, there were no significant histopathological changes in the lungs of mice given either allogeneic or syngeneic bone marrow transplants (bmt) with whole body irradiation (wbi). however, all mice that received both wbi and pneumocystis carinii inoculation developed a more protracted and severe interstitial pneumonia than that of normal mice given p carinii. this pneumonia was exacerbated by allogeneic bmt but was ameliorated by syngeneic bmt. the interstitial pneumoni ... | 1996 | 8781619 |
| rejection treatment and cytomegalovirus infection as risk factors for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in renal transplant recipients. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is an infection of immunocompromised patients. the purpose of our study was to estimate the risk of pcp in renal transplant recipients in relation to number, timing, and type of rejection treatments and to cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection. in a case-control study, 15 renal transplant recipients with proven pcp were compared with 95 controls. the relative risks of pcp for 1, 2, and > or = 3 rejection treatments vs. no such treatment were 1.7 (95% ci, 0.2-12.5), ... | 1996 | 8783687 |
| granulomatous pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with low-grade lymphoid malignancies: a diagnostic dilemma. | 1996 | 8783726 | |
| identification of extrapulmonary pneumocystis carinii in immunocompromised rats by pcr. | pneumocystis carinii has been shown to cause extra-alveolar infections in humans, but the lack of a reproducible animal model has hindered the elucidation of mechanisms of p. carinii dissemination. in the present study, pcr and the immunosuppressed rat model were used to gain further insight into the dissemination of p. carinii organisms in extrapulmonary (ep) tissues. primer sequences specific to major surface glycoprotein (msg) and dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) were used to detect p. carinii ... | 1996 | 8784565 |
| dna sequences identical to pneumocystis carinii f. sp. carinii and pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis in samples of air spora. | samples of ambient air collected with three different types of spore traps in a rural location were examined for the presence of pneumocystis carinii by screening for p. carinii-specific dna sequences by dna amplification. eleven spore trap samples were analyzed by nested pcr, using oligonucleotide primers designed for the gene encoding the mitochondrial large subunit rrna of p. carinii f. sp. carinii and p. carinii f. sp. hominis. the samples were collected over a 3-year period during the month ... | 1996 | 8784583 |
| [intolerance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids. search for predictive factors]. | the treatment and the prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is based on trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. however, hypersensitivity reactions occur often in hiv-infected patients. in this study, clinical and biological parameters of 27 pcp-patients treated by this drug association were analyzed. we divided the drug reactions into two groups according to the severity. a drug reaction occurred in 59.2% of the patients and was note as a mild reaction in 18.5% of the cases and as a severe ... | 1995 | 8787293 |
| primary and secondary prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii related complications in hiv patients. | 1996 | 8793444 | |
| effect of long-term primary aerosolized pentamidine prophylaxis on breakthrough pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | aerosolized pentamide is a well-tolerated primary prophylaxis regimen for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients. it is now commonly administered for prolonged periods. we therefore studied the effect of long-term inhalation on breakthrough pcp. we recorded clinical, immunological, radiological and microbiological data, as well as therapy and clinical course of all episodes with confirmed pcp diagnosed at our institution between january 1, 19 ... | 1996 | 8793464 |
| complementary therapies in hiv disease. | this study was designed to determine whether a standardized program of complementary therapies combined with appropriate standard medical care would have a measurable influence on the course of hiv disease when compared with data from other groups. all 10 participants began this study in 1988 with a diagnosis of asymptomatic hiv-positive. they received a 1-month orientation to the program and were then seen at 3-month intervals for follow-up data collection. data were compared with two groups th ... | 1996 | 8795921 |
| [a case of aids with intractable cryptococcal meningitis]. | a 38-year-old hemophiliac, who had been infected with hiv by the administration of blood products and had been diagnosed as aids by the onset of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, was admitted to our hospital with the complaints of headache and vomiting. after he was diagnosed as cryptococcal meningitis using the microscopy, cryptococcal antigen detection and culture of cerebrospinal fluid, treatment with amphotericin-b and fluconazole was started. as there was no clinical improvement, spinal drain ... | 1996 | 8797310 |
| autopsy patterns of disease among subgroups of an inner-city bronx aids population. | the bronx, new york, has a large, inner-city, aids population which contains a greater proportion of women and intravenous drug users and a lower percentage of homosexuals than the u.s. aids population overall. because this population is reflective of the evolving trends in the national aids population, our objective was to gain an understanding of patterns of infections, malignancies, and cause of death among these individuals. all autopsies (252) performed on patients with aids at two hospital ... | 1996 | 8797686 |
| aids-associated non-hodgkin's lymphomas as primary and secondary aids diagnoses in hemophiliacs. hemophilia malignancy study group. | we studied the characteristics and temporal trends of aids- associated non-hodgkin's lymphoma (aids-nhl) in individuals with hemophilia. prospective data were collected on 33 hiv-positive hemophiliacs with aids-nhl enrolled in the hemophilia malignancy study (hms), of whom 21 had primary and 12 had secondary or subsequent aids-defining illnesses, and analyzed for frequency and temporal trends. as compared with primary aids- nhl, secondary aids-nhl occurred at an older mean age, 37 versus 29 year ... | 1996 | 8797689 |
| non specific pcr products using rat-derived pneumocystis carinii dihydrofolate reductase gene-specific primers in dna amplification of human respiratory samples. | dna amplification using dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) primers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (balfs) from patients with pneumocystis carinii (pc) pneumonia yielded low sensitivity and specificity. amplified products of balfs from an aids patient without pc pneumonia and five patients with pc pneumonia were cloned and sequenced. all samples showed the same sequence without any homology with dhfr cdna of rat pc, or with any dhfr sequences in databases at the dna or amino acid level. the data de ... | 1996 | 8799372 |
| clinical features of aids in the edinburgh city hospital cohort. | in order to describe the clinical features of aids, particularly injection drug use (idu) related aids in patients attending the regional infectious diseases unit in edinburgh a prospective review of the 680 hiv-positive patients, 30% of whom were women and 68% were infected via idu was undertaken. the commonest aids-related clinical problem in edinburgh was pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). whilst gender differences were not apparent in terms of clinical problems, differences were observed ... | 1996 | 8799781 |
| [changes in the spectrum of aids-defining diseases in spain]. | since the late 1980s the use of prophylaxis against several aids-diagnostic diseases has been recommended. in order to detect the impact of these measures we analyzed the shifts in the spectrum of aids-diagnostic diseases in spain. | 1996 | 8801384 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. complications of cytotoxic treatment in a systemic vasculitis]. | we report a patient with systemic vasculitis who developed a pneumocystis carinii pneumonia whilst he was on steroid n cyclophosphamide treatment. severe lymphopenia was noted with a cd4 count of 0.023 x10(9)/1 with no evidence of human immunodeficiency virus infection. a literature review of recent reports about this particular topic reveals that the development of lymphopenia in patients under immunosuppressor treatment is a fact of a paramount importance. in that sense, a periodic monitorizat ... | 1995 | 8804172 |
| unique telomeric expression site of major-surface-glycoprotein genes of pneumocystis carinii. | major cell surface glycoproteins (msg) of pneumocystis carinii play a crucial role in the host-parasite interactions involved in p. carinii pneumonia in aids patients. genes encoding msgs are repeated, highly polymorphic, and distributed among all of the 14-15 chromosomes. here we show, by bal-31 exonuclease cleavage and dna cloning experiments, that the unique expression site (previously termed ucs) of msg genes located in the 500-kb chromosome is telomeric. the 11-kb genomic ucs fragment isola ... | 1996 | 8804856 |
| new model of oropharyngeal and gastrointestinal colonization by candida albicans in cd4+ t-cell-deficient mice for evaluation of antifungal agents. | a new model for the evaluation of antifungal compounds against oropharyngeal and gastrointestinal mucosal colonization by candida albicans was developed. to simulate the immune deficiency observed in aids patients, mice were depleted of cd4+ t lymphocytes by the injection of either gk1.5 hybridoma cells or purified anti-cd4+ t lymphocytes by the injection of either gk1.5 hybridoma cells or purified anti-cd4+ monoclonal antibody derived from gk1.5 hybridoma cells in tissue culture. fluorescence-a ... | 1996 | 8807048 |
| late onset pneumocystis carinii pneumonia following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. | we retrospectively reviewed all positive pneumocystis carinii findings among adult patients who had received an allogeneic bm transplant at the helsinki university central hospital between july 1990 and december 1993. the aim was to define the incidence of late onset pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in bmt patients who had routinely received pcp prophylaxis for 6 months post-bmt. in 110 bmt patients, 16 episodes of pcp were documented. only one patient had been receiving pcp prophylaxis at t ... | 1996 | 8807114 |
| physical and social correlates of perceived psychological support among hospitalized aids patients. | persons living with hiv disease are faced with a broad array of physical and psychosocial problems across the trajectory of their illness. almost all will be hospitalized for nursing care during the course of their disease. the purpose of this study was to explore the physical health and social correlates of perceived psychological support among hospitalized aids patients. the sample consisted of 168 aids patients hospitalized with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). each patient rated his or ... | 1996 | 8807393 |
| [sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim-induced pneumonitis in a patient with hemophilia b who was infected with the human immunodeficiency virus]. | severe cellular immunosuppression developed in a 25-year-old man with hemophilia b who was infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). four days after administration of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (smx-tmp) for prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), diffuse uptake of both lungs was confirmed on a 67ga scintigram. reticular shadows were also seen throughout both lung fields on a chest ct scan. these findings were compatible with pcp, according to the guidelines for ... | 1996 | 8810766 |
| detection of pneumocystis carinii with direct fluorescence antibody and calcofluor white stain. | direct fluorescence monoclonal antibody stain (dfa) was compared prospectively, with calcofluor white (cfw) stain for the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii in 163 respiratory specimens from 97 patients. the patient population included persons with hiv infection (58%), bone marrow transplant recipients (10%), immunosuppressed patients owing to chemotherapy (21%) and others (11%). nineteen specimens including 12 sputa, six bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (bals) and one induced sputum were positive b ... | 1996 | 8811365 |
| use of natural surfactant in an hiv-infected infant with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1996 | 8814483 | |
| pleural pseudotumoral mass revealing an extrapulmonary pneumocystis carinii infection. | 1996 | 8816165 | |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with methotrexate. a report of two cases. | use of methotrexate to treat rheumatoid arthritis is associated with pulmonary adverse effects in 3% to 5% of cases. in addition to immunoallergic lung disease, bronchitis and pneumonia due to pyogenic organisms, opportunistic lower respiratory tract infections have been reported, including, to our knowledge, 18 cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. we report two new cases of p. carinii pneumonia in methotrexate-treated rheumatoid arthritis patients. one case occurred in a 62-year-old woman w ... | 1996 | 8817757 |
| pneumocystis carinii infection: current treatment and prevention. | pneumocystis carinii is a common cause of pneumonia in individuals who are immunosuppressed by hiv infection. use of molecular biological techniques show that p. carinii is a fungus and that infection in man is not a zoonosis. invasive tests such as sputum induction or bronchoscopy are used to make the diagnosis of p. carinii pneumonia. life long primary prophylaxis is given to hiv positive individuals with cd4+ lymphocyte counts < 0.20 x 10(9)/l or a cd4: total lymphocyte ratio of < 1.5, consti ... | 1996 | 8818828 |
| treatment of fungal infection in aids. | fungal infections affect virtually all patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). superficial infection (seborrheic dermatitis, tinea capitis, tinea corporis and tinea cruris) is more common than in the general population and can be difficult to eradicate. mucosal disease (oropharyngeal, oesophageal and vaginal candidosis) is very common and often recurs. in advanced aids, patients usually fail to respond to topical therapy and often to systemic therapy and isolates of candida ... | 1996 | 8818831 |
| detection of pneumocystis carinii dna in sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage samples by polymerase chain reaction. | 1996 | 8818916 | |
| [thoracotomy as treatment for pneumothorax associated with pneumocystic carinii pneumonia in a patient with hemophilia a and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is the most common respiratory infection in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and inhalation of pentamidine aerosol is currently used for secondary prophylaxis. a 16-year-old patient with hemophilia a and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome had a spontaneous pneumothorax during inhalation of pentamidine aerosol for secondary prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. tube thoracostomy and pleurodesis were done without success. thoracotomy ... | 1995 | 8822005 |
| preventing pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children: new guidelines for prophylaxis. cdc, us public health service, and the infectious disease society of america. | 1996 | 8822291 | |
| alternative dapsone dosage regimen for prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1996 | 8822303 | |
| influence of pneumocystis carinii on nitrite production by rat alveolar macrophages. | nitrite production by rat alveolar macrophages was studied to determine the role of l-arginine oxidation in the interaction between these cells and pneumocystis carinii. alveolar macrophages from rats obtained from two different breeders were used: rats from janvier breeder had latent p. carinii infection, while those from charles river breeder were bred in a germ-free environment. pneumocystis carinii increased in vitro nitrite generation by unstimulated alveolar macrophages from janvier rats o ... | 1996 | 8822811 |
| cloning of the s-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase gene of pneumocystis carinii. | 1996 | 8822814 | |
| reliable one-tube nested pcr for detection and sscp-typing of pneumocystis carinii. | 1996 | 8822815 | |
| antigenic variation by telomeric recombination of major-surface-glycoprotein genes of pneumocystis carinii. | 1996 | 8822816 | |
| evaluation of pcr technique for diagnosing pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv positive patients using oropharyngeal washings. | 1996 | 8822817 | |
| antibody responses to pneumocystis carinii in hospital personal with and without exposure to patients with p. carinii pneumonia. | 1996 | 8822818 | |
| identification of a cell division cycle (cdc2) homologue in pneumocystis carinii. | 1996 | 8822819 | |
| the role of alveolar macrophages in pneumocystis carinii elimination from the lower respiratory tract. | 1996 | 8822820 | |
| pneumocystis carinii modulates cyclin-dependant kinase activity in a lung epithelial cell line. | 1996 | 8822821 | |
| pneumocystis carinii glycoprotein a stimulates interleukin-8 production and inflammatory cell activation in alveolar macrophages and cultured monocytes. | 1996 | 8822823 | |
| detection of pneumocystis carinii dna in hiv patients with p. carinii pneumonia (pcp) and in animal models. | 1996 | 8822824 | |
| comparison of two pcr methods for detection of pneumocystis carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. | 1996 | 8822825 | |
| microwave processing of pneumocystis carinii for electron microscopy. | 1996 | 8822826 |