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genetic behaviour of physiological traits conferring cytosolic k+/na+ homeostasis in wheat.a plant's ability to maintain an optimal cytosolic k(+)/na(+) ratio has long been cited as a key feature of salinity tolerance. as traditional whole-leaf nutrient analysis does not account for tissue and organelle-specific ion sequestration, the predictive value of this index at the whole-plant level is not always satisfactory. consequently, suitable in situ methods for functionally assessing the activity of the key membrane transporters contributing to this trait at the cellular level need to b ...201222117736
[establishment of wheat-rye addition lines and de novo powdery mildew resistance gene from chromosome 5r].the f5 plants derived from octoploid triticale × common wheat were investigated by fish methods using repetitive dna sequences pas1 and psc119.2 as probes. the disease resistance of these plants was also screened and evaluated in the field. the 1r, 2r, 3r, 4r, 5r, 6r and 7r monosomic addition lines and 1r and 2r disomic addition lines were found. the occurrence frequencies of chromosomes 1r and 4r addition lines were higher than that of chromosomes 2r, 3r, 5r, 6r, and 7r addition lines in the hi ...201122120083
cell walls of developing wheat starchy endosperm: comparison of composition and rna-seq transcriptome.the transcriptome of the developing starchy endosperm of hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum) was determined using rna-seq isolated at five stages during grain fill. this resource represents an excellent way to identify candidate genes responsible for the starchy endosperm cell wall, which is dominated by arabinoxylan (ax), accounting for 70% of the cell wall polysaccharides, with 20% (1,3;1,4)-β-d-glucan, 7% glucomannan, and 4% cellulose. a complete inventory of transcripts of 124 glycosyltransf ...201222123899
self-organized crystallization patterns from evaporating droplets of common wheat grain leakages as a potential tool for quality analysis.we studied the evaporation-induced pattern formation in droplets of common wheat kernel leakages prepared out of ancient and modern wheat cultivars as a possible tool for wheat quality analysis. the experiments showed that the substances which passed into the water during the soaking of the kernels created crystalline structures with different degrees of complexity while the droplets were evaporating. the forms ranged from spots and simple structures with single ramifications, through dendrites, ...201122125430
Biodegradation of crystal violet by Agrobacterium radiobacter.Agrobacterium radiobacter MTCC 8161 completely decolorized the Crystal Violet with 8 hr (10 mg/L) at static anoxic conditions. The decreased decolorization capability by A. radiobacter was observed, when the Crystal Violet concentration was increased from 10 to 100 mg/L. Semi-synthetic medium containing 1% yeast extract and 0.1% NH4C1 has shown 100% decolorization of Crystal Violet within 5 hr. A complete degradation of Crystal Violet by A. radiobacter was observed up to 7 cycles of repeated add ...201122128547
competitive performance of transgenic wheat resistant to powdery mildew.genetically modified (gm) plants offer an ideal model system to study the influence of single genes that confer constitutive resistance to pathogens on the ecological behaviour of plants. we used phytometers to study competitive interactions between gm lines of spring wheat triticum aestivum carrying such genes and control lines. we hypothesized that competitive performance of gm lines would be reduced due to enhanced transgene expression under pathogen levels typically encountered in the field. ...201122132219
rna-seq in grain unveils fate of neo- and paleopolyploidization events in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).whole genome duplication is a common evolutionary event in plants. bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is a good model to investigate the impact of paleo- and neoduplications on the organization and function of modern plant genomes.201122136458
ectopic expression of a wheat myb transcription factor gene, tamyb73, improves salinity stress tolerance in arabidopsis thaliana.myb transcription factors (tfs) play pivotal roles in the abiotic stress response in plants, but their characteristics and functions in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) have not been fully investigated. a novel wheat myb tf gene, tamyb73, is reported here based on the observation that its targeting probe showed the highest salinity-inducibility level among all probes annotated as myb tfs in the cdna microarray. tamyb73 is a r2r3 type myb protein with transactivation activity, and binds with types i, ...201222140235
identification and expression pattern of ribosomal l5 gene in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.).the full-length cdna sequence (1158 bp) encoding a ribosomal l5 protein, designated as tal5, was firstly isolated from common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) using the rapid amplification of cdna ends method (race). the open reading frame (orf) of tal5 gene was 906 bp, and its deduced amino acid sequence (301 residues) shared high similarity to those of other higher plant l5 proteins. tal5 protein contained a putative 5s binding region (74 amino acids). tal5 dna sequence was further cloned, and seq ...201222143034
plant morphophysiological and anatomical factors associated with nitrous oxide flux from wheat (triticum aestivum).experiments were conducted to study the dynamics of nitrous oxide (n₂o) emission from wheat varieties viz., sonalika, huw 468, huw 234 and dbw 14 grown in alluvial soils of north bank plain agroclimatic zone of assam, india. attempts were made to find out the relationship of n₂o emission with plant morphophysiological, anatomical and soil properties. n₂o fluxes from wheat varieties ranged from 40 μg n₂o-n m⁻² h⁻¹ to 295 μg n₂o-n m⁻² h⁻¹. soil organic carbon and soil temperature have shown signif ...201222146810
Acetylation degree of chitin in the protective response of wheat plants.Influences on the acetylation degree of chitin manifested by proteins from cultural filtrates of strains of the fungus Septoria nodorum different in aggressiveness and of extracts from leaves of the susceptible (Triticum aestivum) and resistant (Triticum timopheevii) wheat plants infected with these strains were studied. Chitin deacetylase was found among the extracellular proteins of the fungus. Its activity was higher in the aggressive strain of the fungus than in the non-aggressive one, and t ...201122150279
environmental assay on the effect of poultry manure application on soil organisms in agroecosystems.this paper reports the effects produced on the organisms of the soil (plants, invertebrates and microorganisms), after the application of two types of poultry manure (sawdust and straw bed) on an agricultural land. the test was made using a terrestrial microcosm, multi-species soil system (ms3) developed in inia. there was no difference in the germination for any of the three species of plants considered in the study. the biomass was increased in the wheat (triticum aestivum) coming from ground ...201122154182
towards an understanding of wheat chloroplasts: a methodical investigation of thylakoid proteome.we utilized percoll density gradient centrifugation to isolate and fractionate chloroplasts of korean winter wheat cultivar cv. kumgang (triticum aestivum l.). the resulting protein fractions were separated by one dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1d-page) coupled with ltq-fticr mass spectrometry. this enabled us to detect and identify 767 unique proteins. our findings represent the most comprehensive exploration of a proteome to date. based on annotation information from the unipr ...201222160430
Hyperspectral and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging to Analyse the Impact of Fusarium culmorum on the Photosynthetic Integrity of Infected Wheat Ears.Head blight on wheat, caused by Fusarium spp., is a serious problem for both farmers and food production due to the concomitant production of highly toxic mycotoxins in infected cereals. For selective mycotoxin analyses, information about the on-field status of infestation would be helpful. Early symptom detection directly on ears, together with the corresponding geographic position, would be important for selective harvesting. Hence, the capabilities of various digital imaging methods to detect ...201122163820
in vitro effect of wheat bran (triticum aestivum) extract on calcium oxalate urolithiasis crystallization.urolithiasis can lead to the loss of renal function in some cases. in this study, we tested the inhibiting effect of wheat bran (triticum aestivum l) extract on calcium oxalate crystallization in a turbidimetric model, by ftir spectroscopy, and polarized microscopy. the results show that this plant extract has a major inhibitory effect on calcium oxalate crystallization.201122164778
kinetic properties of cell wall bound superoxide dismutase in leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) following stripe rust (puccinia striiformis) infection.stripe rust (puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici) is the most devastating disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) accounting huge economical losses to the industry worldwide. hd 2329 was a widely grown wheat cultivar which had become highly susceptible to stripe rust and was used to understand the biochemical aspects of the host pathogen interaction through characterization of superoxide dismutase (sod). in the present study, two types of sod, ionically or covalently bound to the particulate frac ...201122165293
[identification of allelic state of leaf rust-resistance lr34 gene in the cultivars of soft winter wheat of ukrainian breeding].the distribution of alleles at the lr34 locus associated with leaf rust resistance among winter common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars of ukrainian breeding was studied. co-dominant molecular-genetic marker cssfr5 was used for detection of the allelic condition of the lr34 locus. the cultivars with detected allele lr34(+) were identified as potentially "resistant" and the cultivars in which detected allele lr34(-) were identified as potentially "susceptible". the collection of the cultiva ...201122168043
[molecular-genetic analysis of the breeding bread wheat lines with starch of amylopectin type].pcr-analysis with primers to wx-loci of t. aestivum l. genome lets us run the controlled selection of genotypes with null-alleles of wx-genes while creating bread wheat lines with amylopectin type of starch. microsatellite analysis of selected individual plants which were the carries of three null-alleles of wx-genes (wx-a1b, wx-b1b, wx-d1b) and the cluster analysis in the complex allowed us to pick out four genotypes, which were very close related genetically to the parent form variety kuyalnik ...201122168045
hexavalent chromium reduction and plant growth promotion by staphylococcusarlettae strain cr11.cr(vi), a mutagenic and carcinogenic pollutant in industrial effluents, was effectively reduced by an indigenous tannery effluent isolate staphylococcus arlettae strain cr11 under aerobic conditions. the isolate could tolerate cr(vi) up to 2000 and 5000mgl(-1) in liquid and solid media respectively. s. arlettae cr11 effectively reduced 98% of 100mgl(-1) cr(vi) in 24h. reduction for initial cr(vi) concentrations of 500 and 1000mgl(-1) was 98% and 75%, respectively in 120h. the isolate was also po ...201122169713
identification and comparative mapping of a powdery mildew resistance gene derived from wild emmer (triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides) on chromosome 2bs.powdery mildew, caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is an important foliar disease of wheat worldwide. wild emmer (triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides) is a valuable genetic resource for improving disease resistance in common wheat. a powdery mildew resistance gene conferring resistance to b. graminis f. sp. tritici isolate e09 at the seedling and adult stages was identified in wild emmer accession iw170 introduced from israel. an incomplete dominant gene, temporarily designated mliw170, ...201122170431
effect of freeze drying and oven drying on antioxidant properties of fresh wheatgrass.the effects of freeze drying and hot air drying on total phenolics, total flavonoids and antioxidant properties of flour from seven-day-old fresh wheatgrass (triticum aestivum l.) were investigated. in the quantitative analysis of antioxidative components, fresh wheatgrass samples had the highest amount of ascorbic acid and chlorophyll, but the lowest amount of total flavonoids and phenolics. in the analysis of ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay (frap), ethanolic extract from freeze-dried w ...201222171655
in vitro-cultured wheat spikes provide a simplified alternative for studies of cadmium uptake in developing grains.an immature wheat spike culture system was used to monitor cadmium (cd) accumulation in grains, hulls and awns of bread wheat and durum wheat. immature spikes were cultured prior to anthesis in a medium containing 50 g l(-1) sucrose and 0.4 g l(-1) l-glutamine, supplemented with 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 20 or 25 mg l(-1) cadmium chloride (cdcl(2)). grains were collected at maturity and their cd accumulation was determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (icp-ms).201222173723
Characterization of a wheat heme oxygenase-1 gene and its responses to different abiotic stresses.In animals and recently in plants, heme oxygenase-1 (HO1) has been found to confer protection against a variety of oxidant-induced cell and tissue injuries. In this study, a wheat (Triticum aestivum) HO1 gene TaHO1 was cloned and sequenced. It encodes a polypeptide of 31.7 kD with a putative N-terminal plastid transit peptide. The amino acid sequence of TaHO1 was found to be 78% similar to that of maize HO1. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that TaHO1 clusters together with the HO1-like sequences ...201122174625
Transcriptome analysis of h(2)o(2)-treated wheat seedlings reveals a h(2)o(2)-responsive Fatty Acid desaturase gene participating in powdery mildew resistance.Hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) plays important roles in plant biotic and abiotic stress responses. However, the effect of H(2)O(2) stress on the bread wheat transcriptome is still lacking. To investigate the cellular and metabolic responses triggered by H(2)O(2), we performed an mRNA tag analysis of wheat seedlings under 10 mM H(2)O(2) treatment for 6 hour in one powdery mildew (PM) resistant (PmA) and two susceptible (Cha and Han) lines. In total, 6,156, 6,875 and 3,276 transcripts were found to ...201122174904
assessing wheat (triticum aestivum) genotypes for "yr" resistance genes using conserved regions and simple-sequence motifs.analysis of dna sequence variation among genotypes is useful for differentiation of wheat accessions, selection strategies and genetic development of crop plants. we screened molecular markers for yellow rust resistance genes (yr7, yr9, yr15, yr18, yr26, and yrh52), which are in the gene-rich regions of wheat chromosomes 1b, 2b, and 7d, to investigate dna sequence differences and repeat motifs and numbers between wheat cultivars resistant (izgi2001, sonmez2001, pi178383) and susceptible (aytin98 ...201122180070
the induction of mycotoxins by trichothecene producing fusarium species.in recent years, many fusarium species have emerged which now threaten the productivity and safety of small grain cereal crops worldwide. during floral infection and post-harvest on stored grains the fusarium hyphae produce various types of harmful mycotoxins which subsequently contaminate food and feed products. this article focuses specifically on the induction and production of the type b sesquiterpenoid trichothecene mycotoxins. methods are described which permit in liquid culture the small ...201222183670
inhibition of fusarium graminearum growth in flour gel cultures by hexane-soluble compounds from oat (avena sativa l.) flour.fusarium head blight, incited by the fungus fusarium graminearum, primarily affects wheat (triticum aestivum) and barley (hordeum vulgarum), while oat (avena sativa) appears to be more resistant. although this has generally been attributed to the open panicle of oats, we hypothesized that a chemical component of oats might contribute to this resistance. to test this hypothesis, we created culture media made of wheat, barley, and oat flour gels (6 g of flour in 20 ml of water, gelled by autoclav ...201122186063
asynchronous flowering and within-plant flowering diversity in wheat and the implications for crop resilience to heat.self-pollination dominates in wheat, with a small level of out-crossing due to flowering asynchrony and male sterility. however, the timing and synchrony of male and female flowering in wheat is a crucial determinant of seed set and may be an important factor affecting gene flow and resilience to climate change. here, a methodology is presented for assessing the timing and synchrony of flowering in wheat, triticum aestivum.201222186277
chromosomes 3b and 4d are associated with several milling and baking quality traits in a soft white spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) population.wheat is marketed based on end-use quality characteristics and better knowledge of the underlying genetics of specific quality parameters is essential to enhance the breeding process. a set of 188 recombinant inbred lines from a 'louise' by 'penawawa' mapping population was grown in two crop years at two locations in the pacific northwest region of the united states and data were collected on 17 end-use quality traits using established quality analysis protocols. using an established genetic lin ...201222186959
large scale in silico identification of myb family genes from wheat expressed sequence tags.the myb proteins constitute one of the largest transcription factor families in plants. much research has been performed to determine their structures, functions, and evolution, especially in the model plants, arabidopsis, and rice. however, this transcription factor family has been much less studied in wheat (triticum aestivum), for which no genome sequence is yet available. despite this, expressed sequence tags are an important resource that permits opportunities for large scale gene identific ...201222187170
rootrak: automated recovery of three-dimensional plant root architecture in soil from x-ray microcomputed tomography images using visual tracking.x-ray microcomputed tomography (μct) is an invaluable tool for visualizing plant root systems within their natural soil environment noninvasively. however, variations in the x-ray attenuation values of root material and the overlap in attenuation values between roots and soil caused by water and organic materials represent major challenges to data recovery. we report the development of automatic root segmentation methods and software that view μct data as a sequence of images through which root ...201222190339
a genetic playground for enhancing grain number in cereals.improving the yield stability of cereal crops with a view to bolstering global food security is an important priority. the components of final grain number per plant at harvest are determined by fertile spikes per plant, number of fertile spikelets per spike and number of grains per spikelet. in this review article, we focus on the genetic factors of floral development and inflorescence architecture known to influence grain number and provide a broad overview of genes and genetic pathways that p ...022197176
Epiphytic pink-pigmented methylotrophic bacteria enhance germination and seedling growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum) by producing phytohormone.Methylotrophic bacteria were isolated from the phyllosphere of different crop plants such as sugarcane, pigeonpea, mustard, potato and radish. The methylotrophic isolates were differentiated based on growth characteristics and colony morphology on methanol supplemented ammonium mineral salts medium. Amplification of the mxaF gene helped in the identification of the methylotrophic isolates as belonging to the genus Methylobacterium. Cell-free culture filtrates of these strains enhanced seed germi ...201122200783
drought responses of leaf tissues from wheat cultivars of differing drought tolerance at the metabolite level.drought has serious effects on the physiology of cereal crops. at the cellular and specifically the metabolite level, many individual compounds are increased to provide osmoprotective functions, prevent the dissociation of enzymes, and to decrease the number of reactive oxygen species present in the cell. we have used a targeted gc-ms approach to identify compounds that differ in three different cultivars of bread wheat characterized by different levels of tolerance to drought under drought stre ...201222207720
characterization of the wheat gene encoding a grain-specific lipid transfer protein tdpr61, and promoter activity in wheat, barley and rice.the tapr61 gene from bread wheat encodes a lipid transfer protein (ltp) with a hydrophobic signal peptide, predicted to direct the tapr61 protein to the apoplast. modelling of tapr61 revealed the presence of an internal cavity which can accommodate at least two lipid molecules. the full-length gene, including the promoter sequence of a tapr61 orthologue, was cloned from a bac library of triticum durum. quantitative rt-pcr analysis revealed the presence of tapr61 and tdpr61 mainly in grain. a tra ...201222213809
dissection and cytological mapping of barley chromosome 2h in the genetic background of common wheat.we used gametocidal (gc) chromosomes 2c and 3c(sat) to dissect barley 2h added to common wheat. the gc chromosome induces chromosomal breakage resulting in chromosomal aberrations in the progeny of the 2h addition line of common wheat carrying the monosomic gc chromosome. we conducted in situ hybridization to select plants carrying structurally rearranged aberrant 2h chromosomes and characterized them by sequential c-banding and in situ hybridization. we established 66 dissection lines of common ...201122214592
heteroplasmy and expression of mitochondrial genes in alloplasmic and euplasmic wheat.the plant chondriome confers a complex nature. the atp4 gene (formerly called orf25) of aegilops crassa (cr) harbors the promoter sequence of the rps7 gene from common wheat (triticum aestivum cv. chinese spring, cs). the rps7 gene of cr has the promoter sequence of cs atp6. the atp6 gene of cr contains an unknown sequence inside of its coding region. since repeat sequences have been found around the breaking points, these structural alterations are most likely generated through homologous recom ...201122214593
nucleotide diversity and molecular evolution of the wag-2 gene in common wheat (triticum aestivum l) and its relatives.in this work, we examined the genetic diversity and evolution of the wag-2 gene based on new wag-2 alleles isolated from wheat and its relatives. only single nucleotide polymorphisms (snp) and no insertions and deletions (indels) were found in exon sequences of wag-2 from different species. more snps and indels occurred in introns than in exons. for exons, exons+introns and introns, the nucleotide polymorphism π decreased from diploid and tetraploid genotypes to hexaploid genotypes. this finding ...201122215965
gene flow in genetically modified wheat.understanding gene flow in genetically modified (gm) crops is critical to answering questions regarding risk-assessment and the coexistence of gm and non-gm crops. in two field experiments, we tested whether rates of cross-pollination differed between gm and non-gm lines of the predominantly self-pollinating wheat triticum aestivum. in the first experiment, outcrossing was studied within the field by planting "phytometers" of one line into stands of another line. in the second experiment, outcro ...201122216349
h(+)/phenanthrene symporter and aquaglyceroporin are implicated in phenanthrene uptake by wheat (triticum aestivum l.) roots.polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) are ubiquitous organic pollutants that are toxic to human and nonhuman organisms. dietary intake of pahs is a dominant route of exposure for the general population because food crops are a major source of dietary pahs. the mechanism for crop root uptake of pahs remains unclear. here we reveal that wheat root uptake of pahs involves active and passive processes. the passive uptake is mercury and glycerol dependent. mercury and glycerol inhibit uptake, indic ...201222218187
wheat wrky genes tawrky2 and tawrky19 regulate abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic arabidopsis plants.wrky-type transcription factors are involved in multiple aspects of plant growth, development and stress response. wrky genes have been found to be responsive to abiotic stresses; however, their roles in abiotic stress tolerance are largely unknown especially in crops. here, we identified stress-responsive wrky genes from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and studied their functions in stress tolerance. forty-three putative tawrky genes were identified and two multiple stress-induced genes, tawrky2 a ...201222220579
in vitro fermentation of arabinoxylan oligosaccharides and low molecular mass arabinoxylans with different structural properties from wheat ( triticum aestivum l.) bran and psyllium ( plantago ovata forsk) seed husk.ball milling was used for producing complex arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (axos) and low molecular mass arabinoxylans (ax) from wheat bran, pericarp-enriched wheat bran, and psyllium seed husk. the arabinose to xylose ratio of the samples produced varied between 0.14 and 0.92, and their average degree of polymerization (avdp) ranged between 42 and 300. their fermentation for 48 h in an in vitro system using human colon suspensions was compared to enzymatically produced wheat bran axos with an ar ...201222224418
antioxidant activity-guided fractionation of blue wheat (uc66049 triticum aestivum l.).antioxidant activity-guided fractionation based on three in vitro antioxidant assays (folin-ciocalteu, teac, and leucomethylene blue assays) was used to identify major antioxidants in blue wheat (uc66049 triticum aestivum l.). after consecutive extractions with solvents of various polarities and multiple chromatographic fractionations, several potent antioxidants were identified by nmr spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. anthocyanins (delphinidin-3-glucoside, delphinidin-3-rutinoside, cyanidin-3 ...201222225003
genes encoding hevein-like defense peptides in wheat: distribution, evolution, and role in stress response.hevein-like plant defense peptides wamp-1a/b with a unique 10-cys motif are found in the wheat triticum kiharae seeds. three different wamp genomic and cdna sequences were derived from t. kiharae; no introns were spotted in the protein-coding regions of the genes. the deduced wamp precursor proteins consist of a signal peptide, mature peptide (wamp) and c-terminal prosequence. origin of wamps from class i/iv chitinases via deletion of the catalytic domain is proposed based on homology between th ...201222227377
arbuscular mycorrhizal protein mrna over-expression in bread wheat seedlings by trichoderma harzianum raifi (krl-ag2) elicitation.association between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) and majority of terrestrial plant species provides many benefits to plants that range from stress alleviation and bioremediation in soils polluted with heavy metals to plant growth promotion and yield quantity. some non-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi such as, trichoderma harzianum, are known to enhance the amf symbiosis with vascular plants. however, information about their role in amf symbiosis is still limited. shoots of (avocet s) wheat see ...201222227493
prevalence of puroindoline d1 and puroindoline b-2 variants in u.s. pacific northwest wheat breeding germplasm pools, and their association with kernel texture.kernel texture is a major factor influencing the classification and end use properties of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), and is mainly controlled by the puroindoline a (pina) and puroindoline b (pinb) genes. recently, a new puroindoline gene, puroindoline b-2 (pin b-2), was identified. in this study, 388 wheat cultivars and advanced breeding lines from the u.s. pacific northwest were investigated for frequencies of puroindoline d1 alleles and pinb-2 variants 2 and 3. results indicated that pinb-d ...201222231024
toxicology of isoproturon to the food crop wheat as affected by salicylic acid.isoproturon, a herbicide belonging to the phenylurea family, is widely used to kill weeds in soils. recent study indicated that isoproturon has become a contaminant in ecosystems due to its intensive use, thus bringing environmental risks to crop production safety. salicylic acid (sa) is one of the components in plant defense signaling pathways and regulates diverse physiological responses to biotic and environmental stresses. the purpose of the study is to help to understand how sa mediates the ...201222231370
lead (pb)-induced biochemical and ultrastructural changes in wheat (triticum aestivum) roots.the focus of the present study was to explore lead (pb)-induced metabolic alterations vis-à-vis ultrastructural changes in wheat roots to establish pb toxicity syndrome at a structural level. pb (50-500 μm) enhanced malondialdehyde (an indicator of lipid peroxidation) and hydrogen peroxide content, and electrolyte leakage, thereby suggesting reactive oxygen species-induced disruption of membrane integrity and oxidative stress in wheat roots. the activities of superoxide dismutases and catalases ...201322231903
[effect of triterpenoid glycosides on alpha- and beta-amylase activity and total protein content in wheat seedlings].influence of the aleanolic acid glycosides from silphium perfoliatum l. (silphioside b, c, e and g) and their progenins on the amylase activity and total protein content in wheat seedlings was studied. treatment of the triticum aestivum l. seeds with 1-10 microm water solutions of mono- and diglycosides (mono- and bisdesmosines) elevated the alpha-amylase and total amylase activities in seedlings. silphioside e containing three glucose moieties in its molecule did not change alpha-amylase activi ...201622232893
[salicylic and jasmonic acids in regulation of the proantioxidant state in wheat leaves infected by septoria nodorum berk].influence of mediators of the signal systems of salicylic (sa) and jasmonic (ja) acids and their mixture on reactive oxygen species' (ros) (superoxide radical o2*- and h2o2) generation and activity of oxidoreductases (oxalate oxidase, peroxidase and catalase) in leaves of wheat triticum aestivum l. infected by septoria leaf blotch pathogen septoria nodorum berk. has been studied. presowing treatment of seeds by sa and ja decreased the development rate of fungus on wheat leaves. sa provided earli ...201122232904
cloning and expression of an endo-1, 4-beta-xylanase from the coffee berry borer, hypothenemus hampei.abstract: background: the coffee berry borer, hypothenemus hampei, reproduces and feeds exclusively on the mature endosperm of the coffee seed, which has a cell wall composed mainly of a heterogeneous mixture of hemicellulose polysaccharides, including arabinoxylans. xylanases are digestive enzymes responsible for the degradation of xylan based polymers, hydrolyzing them into smaller molecules that are easier to assimilate by insects. we report the cloning, expression and enzymatic characteriza ...201222233686
evaluation of tropically adapted straightbred and crossbred cattle: postweaning gain and feed efficiency when finished in a temperate climate.beef cows in the subtropical usa must be adapted to the stressors of the environment, typically supplied by using brahman breeding. calves produced in the region, however, are usually grown and finished in more temperate regions, and have a perceived reputation for poor adg and feed efficiency during finishing. compromised fertility and carcass quality often associated with the brahman have increased interest in tropically adapted bos taurus breed types. the objective of this study was to evalua ...201222247114
analysis of the spatio-temporal distribution of eurygaster integriceps (hemiptera: scutelleridae) by using spatial analysis by distance indices and geostatistics.eurygaster integriceps puton (hemiptera: scutelleridae) is the most serious insect pest of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and barley (hordeum vulgare l.) in iran. in this study, spatio-temporal distribution of this pest was determined in wheat by using spatial analysis by distance indices (sadie) and geostatistics. global positioning and geographic information systems were used for spatial sampling and mapping the distribution of this insect. the study was conducted for three growing seasons in gh ...201122251736
pleiotropic increases in free non-polar lipid, glycolipid and phospholipid contents in waxy bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grain.diethyl ether-extractable free lipid (fl), non-polar or neutral lipid (nl), glycolipid (gl) and phospholipid (pl) contents and water-saturated 1-butanol (wsb)-extractable non-starch lipid (nsl)-monogalactosyldiglyceride (mgdg), digalactosyldiglyceride (dgdg) and phosphatidylcholine (pc)-contents in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grain were evaluated to elucidate the possible influence of the wx-d1 gene on the lipid composition.201222252607
rapid plant identification using species- and group-specific primers targeting chloroplast dna.plant identification is challenging when no morphologically assignable parts are available. there is a lack of broadly applicable methods for identifying plants in this situation, for example when roots grow in mixture and for decayed or semi-digested plant material. these difficulties have also impeded the progress made in ecological disciplines such as soil- and trophic ecology. here, a pcr-based approach is presented which allows identifying a variety of plant taxa commonly occurring in centr ...201222253728
effect of light on the gene expression and hormonal status of winter and spring wheat plants during cold hardening.the effect of light on gene expression and hormonal status during the development of freezing tolerance was studied in winter wheat (triticum aestivum var. mv emese) and in the spring wheat variety nadro. ten-day-old plants (3-leaf stage) were cold hardened at 5°c for 12 days under either normal (250 µmol m(-2) s(-1) ) or low (20 µmol m(-2) s(-1) ) light conditions. comprehensive analysis was carried out to explore the background of frost tolerance and the differences between these wheat varieti ...201222257084
the antioxidative defense system is involved in the delayed senescence in a wheat mutant tasg1.wheat, which is the most important food crop worldwide, is a cereal that presents considerable potential for increased yield. a new wheat (triticum aestivum l.) mutant tasg1 with delayed leaf senescence was constructed using ethyl methane sulfonate as a mutagen. natural senescence in tasg1 was distinctly delayed in the field, as indicated by the slower progression of chlorophyll degradation, net photosynthetic rate than its wild type. further, the malondialdehyde and the hydrogen peroxide conten ...201222262312
[effects of irrigation on the water soluble carbohydrate contents in different wheat cultivars stem and sheath and the grain yield].taking two wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars jimai 20 and taishan 22 as test objects, this paper studied the effects of different irrigation treatments on the water soluble carbohydrate contents in penult stem internode and sheath and the grain yield. four irrigation treatments were installed, i. e. , no irrigation (w0), irrigation at overwintering and jointing stages (w1), irrigation at overwintering, jointing and anthesis stages (w2), and irrigation at overwintering, jointing, anthesis an ...201122263448
[contribution of wheat rhizosphere respiration to soil respiration under elevated atmospheric co2 and nitrogen application].with the support of free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (face) system and by using isotope 13c technique, and through planting wheat (triticum aestivum l., c3 crop) on a soil having been planted with maize (zea mays l., c4 crop) for many years, this paper studied the effects of elevated atmospheric co2 and nitrogen application on the delta 13c value of soil emitted co2 and the wheat rhizosphere respiration. with the growth of wheat, the delta 13c value of soil emitted co2 had a gradual decrease. ...201122263454
[effects of intercropping sedum plumbizincicola in wheat growth season under wheat-rice rotation on the crops growth and their heavy metals uptake from different soil types].a pot experiment with heavy metals- contaminated black soil from heilongjiang province, alluvial soil from henan province, and paddy soil from zhejiang province was conducted to study the effects of intercropping sedum plumbizincicola in wheat growth season under wheat (triticum aestivum) - rice (oryza sativa) rotation on the growth of the crops and their heavy metals uptake, aimed to explore the feasibility of simultaneous grain production and heavy metals-contaminated soil phytoremediation in ...201122263481
next-generation sequencing applications for wheat crop improvement.• bread wheat (triticum aestivum; poaceae) is a crop plant of great importance. it provides nearly 20% of the world's daily food supply measured by calorie intake, similar to that provided by rice. the yield of wheat has doubled over the last 40 years due to a combination of advanced agronomic practice and improved germplasm through selective breeding. more recently, yield growth has been less dramatic, and a significant improvement in wheat production will be required if demand from the growing ...201222268223
the temporal and species dynamics of photosynthetic acclimation in flag leaves of rice (oryza sativa) and wheat (triticum aestivum) under elevated carbon dioxide.in this study, we tested for the temporal occurrence of photosynthetic acclimation to elevated [co₂] in the flag leaf of two important cereal crops, rice and wheat. in order to characterize the temporal onset of acclimation and the basis for any observed decline in photosynthetic rate, we characterized net photosynthesis, g(s) , g(m) , c(i) /c(a) , c(i) /c(c) , v(cmax) , j(max) , cell wall thickness, content of rubisco, cytochrome (cyt) f, n, chlorophyll and carbohydrate, mrna expression for rbc ...201222268610
the ph1 locus suppresses cdk2-type activity during premeiosis and meiosis in wheat.despite possessing multiple sets of related (homoeologous) chromosomes, hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum) restricts pairing to just true homologs at meiosis. deletion of a single major locus, pairing homoeologous1 (ph1), allows pairing of homoeologs. how can the same chromosomes be processed as homologs instead of being treated as nonhomologs? ph1 was recently defined to a cluster of defective cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk)-like genes showing some similarity to mammalian cdk2. we reasoned that ...201222274628
global transgenerational gene expression dynamics in two newly synthesized allohexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum) lines.alteration in gene expression resulting from allopolyploidization is a prominent feature in plants, but its spectrum and extent are not fully known. common wheat (triticum aestivum) was formed via allohexaploidization about 10,000 years ago, and became the most important crop plant. to gain further insights into the genome-wide transcriptional dynamics associated with the onset of common wheat formation, we conducted microarray-based genome-wide gene expression analysis on two newly synthesized ...201222277161
health-promoting phytochemicals of italian common wheat varieties grown under low-input agricultural management.the increasing interest in organic food products and environmental friendly practices has emphasised the importance of selecting crop varieties suitable for the low-input sector. moreover, in recent years the relationship between diet and human health has gained much attention among consumers. the aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the agronomic performance and the nutrient and phytochemical composition of old and modern italian wheat genotypes grown under low-input management.201222278616
identification of high-temperature-responsive genes in cereals.high temperature influences plant development and can reduce crop yields. we examined how ambient temperature influences reproductive development in the temperate cereals wheat (triticum aestivum) and barley (hordeum vulgare). high temperature resulted in rapid progression through reproductive development in long days, but inhibited early stages of reproductive development in short days. activation of the long-day flowering response pathway through day-length-insensitive alleles of the photoperi ...201222279145
[combination effects of enhanced uv-b radiation and o3 stress on photosynthetic characteristics of winter wheat].experiments were conducted under open-top-chambers conditions to assess the photosynthetic responses of wheat plants (triticum aestivum l., yangmail6) to supplemental uv-b radiation (10%-10.9% higher then control group, t1) and enhanced ozone [(100 +/- 9) nmol x mol(-1), t2], separately and in combination (combination treatment, t3), making use of lcpro + portable photosynthesis system and diving-pam fluorometer to determine gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. results indicated ...201122279919
contrasting responses of salinity-stressed salt-tolerant and intolerant winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars to ozone pollution.contrasting winter wheat cultivars, salt-tolerant dk961 and intolerant jn17, which sown in no salinity (-s) and salinity (+s) boxes were exposed to charcoal filtered air (cf) and elevated o(3) (+o(3)) in open top chambers (otcs) for 30 days. in -s dk961 and jn17 plants, +o(3) dk961 and jn17 plants had significantly lower light-saturated net photosynthetic rates (a(sat), 26% and 24%), stomatal conductance (g(s), 20% and 32%) and chlorophyll contents (10% and 21%), while o(3) considerably increase ...201222285371
[metabolic changes in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) plants under action of bioregulator stifun].under action of growth-stimulating concentrations of bioregulator stifun on wheat plants, an increase of functional activity of nucleoli of meristematic cells; contents of lectin (wheat germ agglutinin); and activity of proteinases, tripsin inhibitors, and atpase activity was established. the pool of free amino acids was increased under bioregulator use. levels of methionine, phenylalanine, cysteine, lysine, and tyrosine were increased. it is likely that stifun could activate protein biosynthesi ...201522288197
transcriptional programs regulating seed dormancy and its release by after-ripening in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.).seed dormancy is an important agronomic trait in wheat (trticum aestivum). seeds can be released from a physiologically dormant state by after-ripening. to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of after-ripening in conferring developmental switches from dormancy to germination in wheat seeds, we performed comparative transcriptomic analyses between dormant (d) and after-ripened (ar) seeds in both dry and imbibed states. transcriptional activation of genes represented by a core ...201222292455
lr68: a new gene conferring slow rusting resistance to leaf rust in wheat.the common wheat cultivar parula possesses a high level of slow rusting, adult plant resistance (apr) to all three rust diseases of wheat. previous mapping studies using an avocet-yra/parula recombinant inbred line (ril) population showed that apr to leaf rust (puccinia triticina) in parula is governed by at least three independent slow rusting resistance genes: lr34 on 7ds, lr46 on 1bl, and a previously unknown gene on 7bl. the use of field rust reaction and flanking markers identified two f(6) ...201222297565
complex phytohormone responses during the cold acclimation of two wheat cultivars differing in cold tolerance, winter samanta and spring sandra.hormonal changes accompanying the cold stress (4°c) response that are related to the level of frost tolerance (ft; measured as lt50) and the content of the most abundant dehydrin, wcs120, were compared in the leaves and crowns of the winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cv. samanta and the spring wheat cv. sandra. the characteristic feature of the alarm phase (1 day) response was a rapid elevation of abscisic acid (aba) and an increase of protective proteins (dehydrin wcs120). this response was f ...201222304971
different peroxidase activities and expression of abiotic stress-related peroxidases in apical root segments of wheat genotypes with different drought stress tolerance under osmotic stress.one-week-old seedlings of triticum aestivum l. cv. plainsman v, a drought tolerant; and cappelle desprez, a drought sensitive wheat cultivar were subjected gradually to osmotic stress using polyethylene glycol (peg 6000) reaching 400 mosm on the 11th day. compared to controls cv. plainsman v maintained the root growth and relative water content of root tissues, while these parameters were decreased in the drought sensitive cv. cappelle desprez under peg-mediated osmotic stress. simultaneously, h ...201222305075
a stomatal ozone flux-response relationship to assess ozone-induced yield loss of winter wheat in subtropical china.stomatal ozone flux and flux-response relationships were derived for winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grown under fully open-air ozone fumigation. a stomatal conductance (g(sto)) model developed for wheat in europe was re-parameterized. compared to european model parameterizations, the main changes were that the vpd and radiation response functions were made less and more restrictive, respectively, and that the temperature function was omitted. the re-parameterized g(sto) model performed well ...201222310057
genetic mapping of new seed-expressed polyphenol oxidase genes in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).polyphenol oxidase (ppo) enzymatic activity is a major cause in time-dependent discoloration in wheat dough products. the ppo-a1 and ppo-d1 genes have been shown to contribute to wheat kernel ppo activity. recently a novel ppo gene family consisting of the ppo-a2, ppo-b2, and ppo-d2 genes has been identified and shown to be expressed in wheat kernels. in this study, the sequences of these five kernel ppo genes were determined for the spring wheat cultivars louise and penawawa. the two cultivars ...201222311372
common wheat determination in durum wheat samples through lc/ms analysis of gluten peptides.a method to detect the presence of common wheat in durum wheat flour samples was developed and tested. flour samples, or ground wheat samples, were digested by pepsin and chymotrypsin, and the peptide mixture obtained was analyzed by lc/esi-ms and lc/esi-ms/ms, which led to the identification of two marker peptides. one peptide was coded only in the dd genome, and thus present only in common wheat; the second was present in all wheat samples (both common and durum), so it was used as marker of t ...201222311426
polysaccharide isolated from triticum aestivum stimulates insulin release from pancreatic cells via the atp-sensitive k+ channel.traditional natural plants have been used throughout the world for their antidiabetic effects. the aim of the present study was to investigate the stimulating activity of a polysaccharide extract derived from t. aestivum sprout (tasp) on insulin secretion in vitro using the rin-5f pancreatic β-cell line and rat pancreatic islets. in these experiments, tasp (0.1 to 2 mg/ml) augmented glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in a dose-dependent manner in the presence of a stimulatory glucose concentra ...201222322245
optimization and validation of the reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection method for the separation of tocopherol and tocotrienol isomers in cereals, employing a novel sorbent material.the separation and determination of tocopherols (ts) and tocotrienols (t3s) by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection has been developed and validated after optimization of various chromatographic conditions and other experimental parameters. analytes were separated on a perfectsil target ods-3 (250 × 4.6 mm, 3 μm) column filled with a novel sorbent material of ultrapure silica gel. the separation of ts and t3s was optimized in terms of mobile-phase com ...022324450
near-isogenic wheat lines carrying altered function alleles of the rht-1 genes exhibit differential responses to potassium deprivation.most of the elements involved in the integration of signals of low external k(+)-supply into a physiological response pathway remain essentially unknown. the aim of this work was to study the influence exerted by della proteins, which are known to be key components for the control of growth, on plant responses during k(+) deprivation in wheat (triticum aestivum) by using two sets of near-isogenic lines (nils) in the maringa and april bearded cultivars. after k(+) shortage, the nils of both culti ...201222325882
differential regulation of alanine aminotransferase homologues by abiotic stresses in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings.wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings contain four alanine aminotransferase (alaat) homologues. two of them encode alaat enzymes, whereas two homologues act as glumate:glyoxylate aminotransferase (ggat). to address the function of the distinct alaat homologues a comparative examination of the changes in transcript level together with the enzyme activity and alanine and glutamate content in wheat seedlings subjected to low oxygen availability, nitrogen and light deficiency has been studied. shoo ...201222327955
sequence composition and gene content of the short arm of rye (secale cereale) chromosome 1.the purpose of the study is to elucidate the sequence composition of the short arm of rye chromosome 1 (secale cereale) with special focus on its gene content, because this portion of the rye genome is an integrated part of several hundreds of bread wheat varieties worldwide.201222328922
selection of parents for crossing based on genotyping and phenotyping for stripe rust (puccinia striiformis) resistance and agronomic traits in bread wheat breeding.bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) germplasm consisting of 45 genotypes were clustered phenotypically using ten morphological traits and area under disease progress curve (audpc) as measure of stripe rust resistance. the clustering was ratified by using twenty three molecular markers (ssr, est and sts) linked to stripe rust (puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) resistant qtls. the aim was to asses the extent of genetic variability among the genotypes in order to select the parents for crossing b ...201122329159
comprehensive functional analyses of expressed sequence tags in common wheat (triticum aestivum).about 1 million expressed sequence tag (est) sequences comprising 125.3 mb nucleotides were accreted from 51 cdna libraries constructed from a variety of tissues and organs under a range of conditions, including abiotic stresses and pathogen challenges in common wheat (triticum aestivum). expressed sequence tags were assembled with stringent parameters after processing with inbuild scripts, resulting in 37,138 contigs and 215,199 singlets. in the assembled sequences, 10.6% presented no matches w ...201222334568
the isolation and characterisation of the wheat molecular zipper i homologue, tazyp1.the synaptonemal complex (sc) is a proteinaceous tripartite structure used to hold homologous chromosomes together during the early stages of meiosis. the yeast zip1 and its homologues in other species have previously been characterised as the transverse filament protein of the synaptonemal complex. proper installation of zyp1 along chromosomes has been shown to be dependent on the axial element-associated protein, asy1 in arabidopsis.201222340255
identification and validation of a major quantitative trait locus for slow-rusting resistance to stripe rust in wheat.stripe (yellow) rust, caused by puccinia striiformis westend. f. sp. tritici eriks (pst), is one of the most important wheat (triticum aestivum l.) diseases and causes significant yield losses. a recombinant inbred (ri) population derived from a cross between yanzhan 1 and xichang 76-9 cultivars was evaluated for resistance to wheat stripe rust strain cyr32 at both the seedling and adult plant stages. four resistance quantitative trait loci (qtls) were detected in this population, in which the m ...201222349012
over-expression of tamyb33 encoding a novel wheat myb transcription factor increases salt and drought tolerance in arabidopsis.salt and drought stresses often adversely affect plant growth and productivity, myb transcription factors have been shown to participate in the response to these stresses. here we identified a new r2r3-type myb transcription factor gene tamyb33 from wheat (triticum aestivum). tamyb33 was induced by nacl, peg and aba treatments, and its promoter sequence contains putative abre, myb and other abiotic stress related cis-elements. ectopic over-expression of tamyb33 in arabidopsis thaliana remarkably ...201222350156
organization of actin cytoskeleton during meiosis i in a wheat thermo-sensitive genic male sterile line.bs366 is a thermo-sensitive male sterile line of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) for two-line hybrid breeding, which exhibits aberrant meiotic cytokinesis under low temperature. through transcriptome analysis, a possible regulatory role for plant actin cytoskeleton was suggested. however, the organization of actin cytoskeleton in meiosis has been poorly understood so far. here, fixed microsporocytes during meiosis were labeled with tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate-phalloidin and 4',6-diamidino-2 ...201322350736
tamca4, a novel wheat metacaspase gene functions in programmed cell death induced by the fungal pathogen puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici.programmed cell death (pcd) is a physiological process to remove redundant or harmful cells, for the development of multicellular organisms, or for restricting the spread of pathogens (hypersensitive response). metacaspases are cysteine-dependent proteases which play an essential role in pcd. triticum aestivum metacaspase 4 (tamca4) is a type ii metacaspase gene cloned from 'suwon11' wheat, with typical structural features such as peptidase c14 caspase domain and a long linker sequence between t ...201222352715
development and application of est-based markers specific for chromosome arms of rye (secale cereale l.).to develop a set of molecular markers specific for the chromosome arms of rye, a total of 1,098 and 93 primer pairs derived from the expressed sequence tag (est) sequences distributed on all 21 wheat chromosomes and 7 rye chromosomes, respectively, were initially screened on common wheat 'chinese spring' and rye cultivar 'imperial'. four hundred and fourteen est-based markers were specific for the rye genome. seven disomic chromosome addition lines, 10 telosomic addition lines and 1 translocatio ...201222354334
molecular cytogenetic identification of a novel dwarf wheat line with introgressed thinopyrum ponticum chromatin.novel dwarfing germplasms and dwarfing genes are valuable for the wheat breeding. a novel semi-dwarf line, 31505-1, with reduced height compared with its common wheat parent, was derived from a cross between common wheat and thinopyrum ponticum. cytological studies demonstrated that 31505-1 contained 42 chromosomes and formed 21 bivalents at meiotic metaphase i. genomic in situ hybridization (gish) analysis showed that 31505-1 had no large th. ponticum chromosome fragments. fluorescence in situ ...201222357212
identification of quantitative trait loci (qtl) for resistance to fusarium crown rot (fusarium pseudograminearum) in multiple assay environments in the pacific northwestern us.fusarium crown rot (fcr), caused by fusarium pseudograminearum and f. culmorum, reduces wheat (triticum aestivum l.) yields in the pacific northwest (pnw) of the us by as much as 35%. resistance to fcr has not yet been discovered in currently grown pnw wheat cultivars. several significant quantitative trait loci (qtl) for fcr resistance have been documented on chromosomes 1a, 1d, 2b, 3b, and 4b in resistant australian cultivars. our objective was to identify qtl and tightly linked ssr markers fo ...201222366812
the distal portion of the short arm of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) chromosome 5d controls endosperm vitreosity and grain hardness.kernel vitreosity is an important trait of wheat grain, but its developmental control is not completely known. we developed back-cross seven (bc(7)) near-isogenic lines in the soft white spring wheat cultivar alpowa that lack the distal portion of chromosome 5d short arm. from the final back-cross, 46 bc(7)f(2) plants were isolated. these plants exhibited a complete and perfect association between kernel vitreosity (i.e. vitreous, non-vitreous or mixed) and single kernel characterization system ...201222366813
functional markers in wheat: current status and future prospects.functional markers (fm) are developed from sequence polymorphisms present in allelic variants of a functional gene at a locus. fms accurately discriminate alleles of a targeted gene, and are ideal molecular markers for marker-assisted selection in wheat breeding. in this paper, we summarize fms developed and used in common wheat. to date, more than 30 wheat loci associated with processing quality, agronomic traits, and disease resistance, have been cloned, and 97 fms were developed to identify 9 ...201222366867
the impact of photoperiod insensitive ppd-1a mutations on the photoperiod pathway across the three genomes of hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum).flowering time is a trait that has been extensively altered during wheat domestication, enabling it to be highly productive in diverse environments and providing a rich source of variation for studying adaptation mechanisms. hexaploid wheat is ancestrally a long-day plant, but many environments require varieties with photoperiod insensitivity (pi) that can flower in short days. pi results from mutations in the ppd-1 gene on the a, b or d genomes, with individual mutations conferring different de ...201222372488
genetic dissection of grain yield and physical grain quality in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) under water-limited environments.in the water-limited bread wheat production environment of southern australia, large advances in grain yield have previously been achieved through the introduction and improved understanding of agronomic traits controlled by major genes, such as the semi-dwarf plant stature and photoperiod insensitivity. however, more recent yield increases have been achieved through incremental genetic advances, of which, breeders and researchers do not fully understand the underlying mechanism(s). a doubled ha ...201222374139
the origin of spelt and free-threshing hexaploid wheat.it is widely believed that hexaploid wheat originated via hybridization of hulled tetraploid emmer with aegilops tauschii (genomes dd) and that the nascent hexaploid was spelt, from which free-threshing wheat evolved by mutations. to reassess the role of spelt in the evolution of triticum aestivum, 4 disomic substitution lines of ae. tauschii chromosome 2d in chinese spring wheat were developed and one of them was used to map the tg locus, which controls glume tenacity in ae. tauschii, relative ...201222378960
effect of low temperature on chlorophyll biosynthesis in albinism line of wheat (triticum aestivum) fa85.the 'stage albinism line of winter wheat' fa85 exhibits a severe block in chlorophyll (chl) biosynthesis with prolonged low-temperature treatment. the correlations between leaf color and low temperature provide more comprehensive understanding of low temperature as an environmental signal that regulate the metabolic changes in the entire chl-synthesizing pathway. in this study, we investigated differences in chl biosynthesis between leaves of aibian1 and fa85 by measuring their chl precursors an ...201222380525
characterization of a wheat (triticum aestivum l.) expansin gene, taexpb23, involved in the abiotic stress response and phytohormone regulation.expansins are proteins that are generally accepted to be key regulators of cell wall extension and plant growth. we examined the expression pattern of taexpb23, a wheat (triticum aestivum l.) expansin gene, under exogenous phytohormone and abiotic stress treatments. in addition, we evaluated its function in the tolerance to salt stress and high temperature (ht) by overexpressing it in transgenic tobacco plants. in subcellular localization assays, taexpb23 localized to the cell wall. expression a ...201222381655
variability of gene expression after polyhaploidization in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).interspecific hybridization has a much greater effect than chromosome doubling on gene expression; however, the associations between homeologous gene expression changes and polyhaploidization had rarely been addressed. in this study, cdna-single strand conformation polymorphism analysis was applied to measure the expression of 30 homeologous transcripts in naturally occurring haploid (abd, 2n = 21) and its polyploid maternal parent yumai 21a (aabbdd, 2n = 42) in wheat. only one gene (tc251989) s ...201122384315
[molecular genetic characteristics of the wx-b1e allele from common wheat and applicability of the dna markers for its identification].molecular genetic characterization of the wx-b1e allele identified by the authors of the study in the common wheat cultivar korotyshka was performed. the 804-bp wx-b1e fragment was cloned and sequenced. comparison of the sequence obtained with that for the wild-type allele of common wheat (wx-b1a) demonstrated that wx-b1e carried the 34-bp insertion, 8-bp deletion, and 23 nucleotide substitutions. blast analysis revealed the highest homology with the nucleotide sequences of wx genes from triticu ...201122384689
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