Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| [changes of etiology of chronic sinusitis]. | to explore etiology distribution changes of chronic naso sinusitis. | 2012 | 22568256 |
| il1rl1 gene variants and nasopharyngeal il1rl-a levels are associated with severe rsv bronchiolitis: a multicenter cohort study. | targets for intervention are required for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis, a common disease during infancy for which no effective treatment exists. clinical and genetic studies indicate that il1rl1 plays an important role in the development and exacerbations of asthma. human il1rl1 encodes three isoforms, including soluble il1rl1-a, that can influence il33 signalling by modifying inflammatory responses to epithelial damage. we hypothesized that il1rl1 gene variants and soluble il ... | 2012 | 22574108 |
| comparative in vitro activity of sitafloxacin against bacteria isolated from thai patients with urinary tract infections and lower respiratory tract infections. | to determine comparative in vitro activity of sitafloxacin against clinical isolates of bacteria from thai patients with urinary tract infection and those with lower respiratory tract infection. | 2012 | 22574524 |
| genome sequence of kingella kingae septic arthritis isolate pykk081. | kingella kingae is a human oral bacterium that can cause infections of the skeletal system in children. the bacterium is also a cardiovascular pathogen causing infective endocarditis in children and adults. we report herein the draft genome sequence of septic arthritis k. kingae strain pykk081. | 2012 | 22582375 |
| in vitro activity of tp-271 against mycobacterium abscessus, mycobacterium fortuitum, and nocardia species. | the in vitro activities of tp-271, a novel fluorocycline antimicrobial, against 22 isolates of mycobacterium abscessus, 22 isolates of mycobacterium fortuitum, and 19 isolates of nocardia spp. were studied by a microtiter broth dilution method. the mic(90)s for m. abscessus, m. fortuitum, and nocardia spp. were 0.5 μg/ml, 0.03 μg/ml, and 8 μg/ml, respectively. tp-271 was significantly more active than the respective control drug in virtually all tests. | 2012 | 22585214 |
| performances of the vitek ms matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry system for rapid identification of bacteria in routine clinical microbiology. | rapid and cost-effective matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms)-based systems will replace conventional phenotypic methods for routine identification of bacteria. we report here the first evaluation of the new maldi-tof ms-based vitek ms system in a large clinical microbiology laboratory. this system uses an original spectrum classifier algorithm and a specific database designed for the identification of clinically relevant species. we have te ... | 2012 | 22593596 |
| ceftaroline fosamil for community-acquired bacterial pneumonia and acute bacterial skin and skin structure infection. | bacterial resistance is increasing on a global basis, making treatment options more limited. the development of new agents to meet this threat is a matter of urgency. ceftaroline fosamil , a member of an advanced cephalosporin class of antimicrobials, is currently approved by the us food and drug administration for use in for acute bacterial skin and skin structure infection (absssi) and community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. ceftaroline displays activity against gram-positive and gram-negative ... | 2012 | 22594846 |
| relationship between oral anaerobic bacteria and otitis media with effusion. | in this study hypothesing the translocation of oral bacteria from oropharynx into the middle ear cavity may be involved in the pathogenesis of otitis media with effusion (ome), we aimed to investigate the presence and similarity of fusobacterium nucleatum and treponema denticola in saliva, nasopharyngeal secretion and the middle ear effusion samples from the children with ome. | 2012 | 22606045 |
| functional heterogeneity in the basophil cell lineage. | cd4(+) t-helper type 2 (th2) cells, characterized by their expression of interleukin (il)-4, il-5, il-9, and il-13, are required for immunity to helminth parasites and promote the pathological inflammation associated with asthma and allergic diseases. recent reports from a number of laboratories have indicated that basophils can influence the induction and/or effector stages of th2 cytokine-mediated inflammation. however, the impact of basophils appears to depend on the anatomical location and n ... | 2012 | 22608258 |
| identification of ata, a multifunctional trimeric autotransporter of acinetobacter baumannii. | acinetobacter baumannii has recently emerged as a highly troublesome nosocomial pathogen, especially in patients in intensive care units and in those undergoing mechanical ventilation. we have identified a surface protein adhesin of a. baumannii, designated the acinetobacter trimeric autotransporter (ata), that contains all of the typical features of trimeric autotransporters (ta), including a long signal peptide followed by an n-terminal, surface-exposed passenger domain and a c-terminal domain ... | 2012 | 22609912 |
| role of sulfatide in normal and pathological cells and tissues. | sulfatide is 3-o-sulfogalactosylceramide that is synthesized by two transferases (ceramide galactosyltransferase and cerebroside sulfotransferase) from ceramide and is specifically degraded by a sulfatase (arylsulfatase a). sulfatide is a multifunctional molecule for various biological fields including the nervous system, insulin secretion, immune system, hemostasis/thrombosis, bacterial infection, and virus infection. therefore, abnormal metabolism or expression change of sulfatide could cause ... | 2012 | 22619219 |
| rapid detection of streptococcus pyogenes in pleural fluid samples from pediatric patients with empyema. | a total of 120 pleural fluid specimens from 113 pediatric patients were tested using two rapid antigen detection assays for streptococcus pyogenes. results were compared to culture, gram stain, and pcr results. each rapid antigen assay detected 9 out of 10 (90%) pcr-positive samples, with 100% specificity. these antigen detection assays are useful to provide microbiological diagnosis of empyema caused by s. pyogenes. | 2012 | 22622442 |
| the chemical composition of endotoxin isolated from intestinal strain of desulfovibrio desulfuricans. | desulfovibrio desulfuricans anaerobes are constituents of human alimentary tract microflora. there are suggestions that they take part in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and some gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders, such as ulcerative colitis or crohn's disease. endotoxin is one of gram-negative bacteria cellular components that influence these microorganisms pathogenicity. endotoxin is a lipid-polisaccharide heteropolymer consisting of three elements: lipid a, core oligosaccharide, and o- ... | 2012 | 22629175 |
| the antibiotic cj-15,801 is an antimetabolite that hijacks and then inhibits coa biosynthesis. | the natural product cj-15,801 is an inhibitor of staphylococcus aureus, but not other bacteria. its close structural resemblance to pantothenic acid, the vitamin precursor of coenzyme a (coa), and its michael acceptor moiety suggest that it irreversibly inhibits an enzyme involved in coa biosynthesis or utilization. however, its mode of action and the basis for its specificity have not been elucidated to date. we demonstrate that cj-15,801 is transformed by the uniquely selective s. aureus panto ... | 2012 | 22633408 |
| bacterial rna mediates activation of caspase-1 and il-1β release independently of tlrs 3, 7, 9 and trif but is dependent on unc93b. | recognition of foreign nucleic acids is important for the induction of an innate immune response against invading pathogens. although the pathways involved in sensing bacterial dna and viral rna are now well established, only limited knowledge is available on mechanisms underlying recognition of bacterial rna. it has been reported that intracellular delivery of escherichia coli rna activates the nlrp3 inflammasome, but whether this is a general property of bacterial rna remains unclear as are th ... | 2012 | 22634614 |
| bacterium-generated nitric oxide hijacks host tumor necrosis factor alpha signaling and modulates the host cell cycle in vitro. | in mammalian cells, nitric oxide (no·) is an important signal molecule with concentration-dependent and often controversial functions of promoting cell survival and inducing cell death. an inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) in various mammalian cells produces higher levels of no· from l-arginine upon infections to eliminate pathogens. in this study, we reveal novel pathogenic roles of no· generated by bacteria in bacterium-host cell cocultures using moraxella catarrhalis, a respiratory tract ... | 2012 | 22636782 |
| sequence, structure and functional diversity of pd-(d/e)xk phosphodiesterase superfamily. | proteins belonging to pd-(d/e)xk phosphodiesterases constitute a functionally diverse superfamily with representatives involved in replication, restriction, dna repair and trna-intron splicing. their malfunction in humans triggers severe diseases, such as fanconi anemia and xeroderma pigmentosum. to date there have been several attempts to identify and classify new pd-(d/e)kk phosphodiesterases using remote homology detection methods. such efforts are complicated, because the superfamily exhibit ... | 2012 | 22638584 |
| clinical and antimicrobial susceptibility data of 140 streptococcus pseudopneumoniae isolates in france. | we report retrospective analysis of the clinical and antimicrobial susceptibility data of 140 streptococcus pseudopneumoniae isolates. strains were isolated mostly from respiratory tract samples from patients with underlying diseases. in the case of infection, pneumonia, mainly aspiration pneumonia, was the most frequent (27.1% of the patients). we documented high rates of decreased susceptibilities and resistance to erythromycin and tetracycline (57% and 43% of the isolates, respectively), as w ... | 2012 | 22644030 |
| role of c-jun n-terminal protein kinase 1/2 (jnk1/2) in macrophage-mediated mmp-9 production in response to moraxella catarrhalis lipooligosaccharide (los). | moraxella catarrhalis is a gram negative bacterium and a leading causative agent of otitis media (om) in children. recent reports have provided strong evidence for the presence of high levels of matrix metalloproteinase (mmps) in effusion fluids from children suffering with om, however, the precise mechanisms by which mmps are generated are currently unknown. we hypothesized that mmps are secreted from macrophages in the presence of m. catarrhalis lipooligosaccharide (los). in this report, we de ... | 2012 | 22655080 |
| moraxella catarrhalis activates murine macrophages through multiple toll like receptors and has reduced clearance in lungs from tlr4 mutant mice. | moraxella catarrhalis is a gram negative bacterium and a leading causative agent of otitis media (om) in children. several recent reports have provided strong evidence for an association between toll like receptors and om. it has been found that both streptococcus pneumoniae and nontypeable haemophilus influenzae activate host protective immune responses through toll like receptors (tlrs), however, the precise mechanism by which moraxella catarrhalis initiates the host immune response is current ... | 2012 | 22662179 |
| bacteriology of deep carious lesions underneath amalgam restorations with different pulp-capping materials--an in vivo analysis. | microorganisms remaining in dentin following cavity preparation may induce pulp damage, requiring the use of pulp-capping agents with antimicrobial activity underneath permanent restorations. | 2012 | 22666827 |
| inflammation in the middle ear of children with recurrent or chronic otitis media is associated with bacterial load. | viral upper respiratory tract infections have been described as an important factor in the development of otitis media (om), although it is unclear whether they facilitate bacterial om or can directly cause om. to clarify the role of viral infections in om, we compared the relative contribution of viruses and bacteria with the induction of inflammatory cytokine responses in the middle ear of children suffering from om. | 2012 | 22668804 |
| update on the clinical utility and optimal use of cefditoren. | this article reviews and updates published data on cefditoren. the in vitro activity of cefditoren and its potential pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic adequacy to cover emerging resistance phenotypes in the present decade is reviewed. cefditoren's in vitro activity against most prevalent bacterial respiratory pathogens in the community and its pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profile suggests a significant role for cefditoren in the treatment of respiratory tract infections. clinical trials (in acu ... | 2012 | 22675264 |
| composition of the adult digestive tract bacterial microbiome based on seven mouth surfaces, tonsils, throat and stool samples. | to understand the relationship between our bacterial microbiome and health, it is essential to define the microbiome in the absence of disease. the digestive tract includes diverse habitats and hosts the human body's greatest bacterial density. we describe the bacterial community composition of ten digestive tract sites from more than 200 normal adults enrolled in the human microbiome project, and metagenomically determined metabolic potentials of four representative sites. | 2012 | 22698087 |
| pneumococcal conjugate vaccines and otitis media: an appraisal of the clinical trials. | streptococcus pneumoniae is the predominant otitis media pathogen and its prevention through effective vaccination could diminish childhood illness and antibiotic use. this paper reviews 5 pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv) trials that used otitis media as an endpoint: northern california kaiser permanente (nckp; vaccine, 7-valent pcv [pcv7]-crm); finnish otitis media (finom; vaccines, pcv7-crm or pcv7-ompc); native american trial (vaccine, pcv7-crm); pneumococcal otitis efficacy trial (poet; ... | 2012 | 22701486 |
| proteomic analysis of neisseria gonorrhoeae biofilms shows shift to anaerobic respiration and changes in nutrient transport and outermembrane proteins. | neisseria gonorrhoeae, the causative agent of gonorrhea, can form biofilms in vitro and in vivo. in biofilms, the organism is more resistant to antibiotic treatment and can serve as a reservoir for chronic infection. we have used stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (silac) to compare protein expression in biofilm and planktonic organisms. two parallel populations of n. gonorrhoeae strain 1291, which is an arginine auxotroph, were grown for 48 h in continuous-flow chambers over ... | 2012 | 22701624 |
| antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of betula aetnensis rafin. (betulaceae) leaves extract. | this study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effects, the radical scavenging activity (by dpph and abts tests) and the antioxidant capacity (by β-carotene bleaching test) of betula aetnensis leaves extract. the antimicrobial activity was tested against 14 gram-positive clinical strains, 2 atcc gram-positive strains, 10 gram-negative clinical strains and 4 gram-negative atcc strains. streptococcus pyogenes ery-s and ery-r1 were the most sensitive. betula aetnensis was considerably active agains ... | 2013 | 22703292 |
| current epidemiology and growing resistance of gram-negative pathogens. | in the 1980s, gram-negative pathogens appeared to have been beaten by oxyimino-cephalosporins, carbapenems, and fluoroquinolones. yet these pathogens have fought back, aided by their membrane organization, which promotes the exclusion and efflux of antibiotics, and by a remarkable propensity to recruit, transfer, and modify the expression of resistance genes, including those for extended-spectrum β-lactamases (esbls), carbapenemases, aminoglycoside-blocking 16s rrna methylases, and even a quinol ... | 2012 | 22707882 |
| in young children, persistent wheezing is associated with bronchial bacterial infection: a retrospective analysis. | young children with persistent wheezing pose a diagnostic and therapeutical challenge to the pediatrician.we aimed to evaluate bacterial bronchial infection as a possible reason for non response to conventional asthma therapy, and to identify and characterise the predominant pathogens involved. | 2012 | 22726254 |
| regulation of bacterial trafficking in the nasopharynx. | bacterial 'colonisation' of the nasopharynx by potential bacterial pathogens is frequent in early childhood and is frequent as part of a dynamic process in which the microbiota of the oral and nasopharynx are established. new understanding recognizes this process is evolving and that competition and likely regulation occurs among potential pathogens as well as between pathogens and commensals. such events elicit host responses that either results in clearance or persistence within the nasal and ... | 2012 | 22726870 |
| bacterial biofilms in the upper airway - evidence for role in pathology and implications for treatment of otitis media. | understanding the nature of the biofilm component in the pathogenesis of otitis media [om] will likely have a meaningful influence on the development of novel strategies to prevent and/or treat this highly prevalent pediatric disease. the design of vaccine candidates for om that currently focus on preventing colonization are predicated on the assumption that by reducing the burden of bacteria present in the pediatric nasopharynx, one could reduce or eliminate the likelihood of retrograde ascensi ... | 2012 | 22726871 |
| concurrent assay for four bacterial species including alloiococcus otitidis in middle ear, nasopharynx and tonsils of children with otitis media with effusion: a preliminary report. | to detect the prevalences of alloiococcus otitidis, as well as haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, and moraxella catarrhalis in children with chronic otitis media with effusion (ome) and to simultaneously investigate the colonization of these bacteria in the nasopharynx and palatine tonsils of these patients. | 2012 | 22737288 |
| isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria from chronic suppurative otitis media patients in kerman, iran. | chronic supportive otitis media (csom) is one of the commonest illnesses in ent practice. this study was conducted to find out the various aerobic microorganisms associated with csom and their current antimicrobial susceptibility patterns to commonly used antimicrobials. | 2011 | 22737435 |
| one third of middle ear effusions from children undergoing tympanostomy tube placement had multiple bacterial pathogens. | because previous studies have indicated that otitis media may be a polymicrobial disease, we prospectively analyzed middle ear effusions of children undergoing tympanostomy tube placement with multiplex polymerase chain reaction for four otopathogens. | 2012 | 22741759 |
| natural insertion of the bro-1 β-lactamase gene into the gatcab operon affects moraxella catarrhalis aspartyl-trna(asn) amidotransferase activity. | only about half of bacterial species use an asparaginyl-trna synthetase (asnrs) to attach asn to its cognate trna(asn). other bacteria, including the human pathogen moraxella catarrhalis, a causative agent of otitis media, lack a gene encoding asnrs, and form asn-trna(asn) by an indirect pathway catalysed by two enzymes: first, a non-discriminating aspartyl-trna synthetase (nd-asprs) catalyses the formation of aspartyl-trna(asn) (asp-trna(asn)); then, a trna-dependent amidotransferase (gatcab) t ... | 2012 | 22745266 |
| microbiological study of patients hospitalized for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ae-copd) and the usefulness of analytical and clinical parameters in its identification (virae study). | respiratory infection is the most common cause for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ae-copd). the aim of this work was to study the etiology of the respiratory infection in order to assess the usefulness of the clinical and analytical parameters used for copd identification. | 2012 | 22745532 |
| autosomal dominant stat3 deficiency and hyper-ige syndrome: molecular, cellular, and clinical features from a french national survey. | autosomal dominant deficiency of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (stat3) is the main genetic etiology of hyper-immunoglobulin (ig) e syndrome. we documented the molecular, cellular, and clinical features of 60 patients with heterozygous stat3 mutations from 47 kindreds followed in france. we identified 11 known and 13 new mutations of stat3. low levels of interleukin (il)-6-dependent phosphorylation and nuclear translocation (or accumulation) of stat3 were observed in epstein- ... | 2012 | 22751495 |
| the antibiotic resistance arrow of time: efflux pump induction is a general first step in the evolution of mycobacterial drug resistance. | we hypothesize that low-level efflux pump expression is the first step in the development of high-level drug resistance in mycobacteria. we performed 28-day azithromycin dose-effect and dose-scheduling studies in our hollow-fiber model of disseminated mycobacterium avium-m. intracellulare complex. both microbial kill and resistance emergence were most closely linked to the within-macrophage area under the concentration-time curve (auc)/mic ratio. quantitative pcr revealed that subtherapeutic azi ... | 2012 | 22751536 |
| structures of staphylococcus aureus peptide deformylase in complex with two classes of new inhibitors. | peptide deformylase (pdf) catalyzes the removal of the formyl group from the n-terminal methionine residue in newly synthesized polypeptides, which is an essential process in bacteria. four new inhibitors of pdf that belong to two different classes, hydroxamate/pseudopeptide compounds [pmt387 (7a) and pmt497] and reverse-hydroxamate/nonpeptide compounds [pmt1039 (15e) and pmt1067], have been developed. these compounds inhibited the growth of several pathogens involved in respiratory-tract infect ... | 2012 | 22751663 |
| upper respiratory tract microbial communities, acute otitis media pathogens, and antibiotic use in healthy and sick children. | the composition of the upper respiratory tract microbial community may influence the risk for colonization by the acute otitis media (aom) pathogens streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. we used culture-independent methods to describe upper respiratory tract microbial communities in healthy children and children with upper respiratory tract infection with and without concurrent aom. nasal swabs and data were collected in a cross-sectional study of 240 child ... | 2012 | 22752171 |
| antimicrobial activities of fidaxomicin. | fidaxomicin is bactericidal against clostridium difficile. the combined results of 8 in vitro studies of 1323 c. difficile isolates showed the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) range of fidaxomicin to be ≤ 0.001-1 μg/ml, with a maximum mic for inhibition of 90% of organisms (mic(90)) of 0.5 μg/ml. isolates from 2 phase iii clinical trials demonstrated that fidaxomicin mics of baseline isolates did not predict clinical cure, failure, or recurrence of c. difficile infections. no resistance to ... | 2012 | 22752863 |
| comparison of the surface and core bacteria in tonsillar and adenoid tissue with beta-lactamase production. | adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy, indicated for children with recurrent or persistent symptoms of infection or hypertrophy, are among the most frequent operations performed in children. this study was carried out for investigating the microbial flora of the tonsils and adenoids regarding to core and surface microorganisms and also pathogen microrganisms' beta-lactamase production rate. cultures were taken from the core and surface of tonsils and adenoids of the 91 patients at the time of the surg ... | 2011 | 22754799 |
| modified lipooligosaccharide structure protects nontypeable haemophilus influenzae from igm-mediated complement killing in experimental otitis media. | nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) is a gram-negative, human-restricted pathogen. although this bacterium typically colonizes the nasopharynx in the absence of clinical symptoms, it is also one of the major pathogens causing otitis media (om) in children. complement represents an important aspect of the host defense against nthi. in general, nthi is efficiently killed by complement-mediated killing; however, various resistance mechanisms have also evolved. we measured the complement resis ... | 2012 | 22761391 |
| nationwide surveillance of bacterial respiratory pathogens conducted by the surveillance committee of japanese society of chemotherapy, japanese association for infectious diseases, and japanese society for clinical microbiology in 2009: general view of the pathogens' antibacterial susceptibility. | for the purpose of nationwide surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial respiratory pathogens from patients in japan, the japanese society of chemotherapy (jsc) started a survey in 2006. from 2009, jsc continued the survey in collaboration with the japanese association for infectious diseases and the japanese society for clinical microbiology. the fourth-year survey was conducted during the period from january and april 2009 by the three societies. a total of 684 strains were col ... | 2012 | 22766652 |
| identification of the genes involved in riemerella anatipestifer biofilm formation by random transposon mutagenesis. | riemerella anatipestifer causes epizootics of infectious disease in poultry that result in serious economic losses to the duck industry. our previous studies have shown that some strains of r. anatipestifer can form a biofilm, and this may explain the intriguing persistence of r. anatipestifer on duck farms post infection. in this study we used strain ch3, a strong producer of biofilm, to construct a library of random tn4351 transposon mutants in order to investigate the genetic basis of biofilm ... | 2012 | 22768127 |
| extracellular igc2 constant domains of ceacams mediate pi3k sensitivity during uptake of pathogens. | several pathogenic bacteria utilize receptors of the ceacam family to attach to human cells. binding to different members of this receptor family can result in uptake of the bacteria. uptake of neisseria gonorrhoeae, a gram-negative human pathogen, via ceacams found on epithelial cells, such as ceacam1, cea or ceacam6, differs mechanistically from phagocytosis mediated by ceacam3, a ceacam family member expressed selectively by human granulocytes. | 2012 | 22768164 |
| respiratory syncytial virus promotes moraxella catarrhalis-induced ascending experimental otitis media. | otitis media (om) is a polymicrobial disease wherein prior or concurrent infection with an upper respiratory tract virus plays an essential role, predisposing the middle ear to bacterial invasion. in episodes of acute bacterial om, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most commonly isolated virus and thus serves as an important co-pathogen. of the predominant bacterial agents of om, the pathogenesis of disease due to moraxella catarrhalis is the least well understood. rigorous study of m. ca ... | 2012 | 22768228 |
| the utility of nasopharyngeal culture in the management of chronic adenoiditis. | to examine the utility of nasopharyngeal culture in the management of children with chronic adenoiditis to determine if it results in a change in antibiotic therapy. | 2012 | 22784508 |
| relationship between periodontitis-related antibody and frequent exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | to identify patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) who are susceptible to frequent exacerbations is important. although periodontitis aggravated by poor oral hygiene might increase the risk of lower respiratory tract infection, the relationship between periodontitis and copd exacerbations remains unknown. this prospective cohort study investigates the relationship between periodontitis-related antibody and exacerbation frequency over a one-year period. | 2012 | 22792372 |
| comparison of plasma, epithelial lining fluid, and alveolar macrophage concentrations of solithromycin (cem-101) in healthy adult subjects. | the steady-state concentrations of solithromycin in plasma were compared with concomitant concentrations in epithelial lining fluid (elf) and alveolar macrophages (am) obtained from intrapulmonary samples during bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) in 30 healthy adult subjects. subjects received oral solithromycin at 400 mg once daily for five consecutive days. bronchoscopy and bal were carried out once in each subject at either 3, 6, 9, 12, or 24 h after the last administered dose of s ... | 2012 | 22802254 |
| nlpi facilitates deposition of c4bp on escherichia coli by blocking classical complement-mediated killing, which results in high-level bacteremia. | neonatal meningitis escherichia coli (nmec) is the most common gram-negative organism that is associated with neonatal meningitis, which usually develops as a result of hematogenous spread of the bacteria. there are two key pathogenesis processes for nmec to penetrate into the brain, the essential step for the development of e. coli meningitis: a high-level bacteremia and traversal of the blood-brain barrier (bbb). our previous study has shown that the bacterial outer membrane protein nlpi contr ... | 2012 | 22802341 |
| repellency effects of essential oils of myrtle (myrtus communis), marigold (calendula officinalis) compared with deet against anopheles stephensi on human volunteers. | malaria and leishmaniasis are two most significant parasitic diseases which are endemic in iran. over the past decades, interest in botanical repellents has increased as a result of safety to human. the comparative efficacy of essential oils of two native plants, myrtle (myrtus communis) and marigold (calendula officinalis) collected from natural habitats at southern iran was compared with deet as synthetic repellent against anopheles stephensi on human subjects under laboratory condition. | 2011 | 22808414 |
| human metapneumovirus infections on the icu: a report of three cases. | although human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is primarily known as a causative agent of respiratory tract infections in children, the virus also can cause respiratory infections in adults. hmpv infections tend to be mild and are self-limiting, but the infections can be severe in the elderly and immunocompromised patients. because hmpv infection is quite common, it should be considered in every patient with respiratory failure in the intensive care unit (icu). we describe three adult patients, including ... | 2012 | 22812412 |
| impact of recent antibiotics on nasopharyngeal carriage and lower airway infection in indigenous australian children with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. | indigenous australian children have increased rates of bronchiectasis. despite a lack of high-level evidence on effectiveness and antibiotic resistance, these children often receive long-term antibiotics. in this study, we determined the impact of recent macrolide (primarily azithromycin) and β-lactam antibiotic use on nasopharyngeal colonisation, lower airway infection (>10(4) cfu/ml of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid culture) and antibiotic resistance in non-typeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) ... | 2012 | 22819151 |
| macrolide and tetracycline resistance among moraxella catarrhalis isolates from 2009 to 2011. | the activity of macrolides and other antimicrobials was evaluated by clinical and laboratory standards institute reference broth microdilution methods for moraxella catarrhalis isolates collected during 2009-2011. in europe, the united states, and latin america, m. catarrhalis resistance to macrolides and tetracycline was <1%. however, in the asia-pacific region, clarithromycin and tetracycline resistance was 7.6% and 3.2%, respectively. the higher resistance rate in the asia-pacific region to c ... | 2012 | 22819241 |
| molecular mechanism of macrolide-lincosamide resistance in moraxella catarrhalis. | we identified a moraxella catarrhalis strain with high-level resistance to azithromycin (mic>256 mg l(-1)), nsh1, isolated from nasopharyngeal swab samples from an inpatient with acute bronchitis in a japanese hospital in 2011 and determined its mechanism of macrolide-lincosamide resistance. antimicrobial susceptibility of m. catarrhalis strains was determined using the etest and agar dilution methods. mutations in the four 23s rrna alleles, the ribosomal proteins l4 and l22, and methylase genes ... | 2012 | 22820696 |
| overview of lower respiratory tract infections: diagnosis and treatment. | because the diagnosis and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) continue to present decision-making challenges, a number of professional organizations have developed treatment guidelines to provide parameters for diagnosis and treatment. the infectious diseases society of america (idsa) and the american thoracic society (ats) both recently updated their guidelines for the treatment of cap to take into account the changes that have occurred in antimicrobial susceptibility and the availa ... | 2002 | 22826663 |
| restoring functional status: a long-term case report of severe lung and ventilatory muscle pump dysfunction involving recurrent bacterial pneumonias. | prolonged mechanical ventilation contributes to immobility and deconditioning making efforts to safely discontinue ventilator support desirable. this case report documents how implementing physical therapy treatment interventions, based on the guide to physical therapist practice, can help to restore a person's functional status even after multiple years of mechanical ventilation dependency. | 2012 | 22833704 |
| an investigation of the frequency of bacteraemia following dental extraction, tooth brushing and chewing. | we conducted a study to determine the frequency of bacteraemias following dental extraction and common oral procedures, namely tooth brushing and chewing, and the relationship between bacteraemia and oral health in black patients. positive blood cultures were detected in 29.6% of patients after dental extraction, in 10.8% of patients after tooth brushing and in no patients after chewing. no relationship between the state of oral health, which was assessed using the plaque and gingival indices, a ... | 2012 | 22836157 |
| thin-section ct findings in pseudomonas aeruginosa pulmonary infection. | the aim of this study was to assess clinical and pulmonary thin-section ct findings in patients with acute pseudomonas aeruginosa (pa) pulmonary infection. | 2012 | 22844034 |
| response to infections in patients with asthma and atopic disease: an epiphenomenon or reflection of host susceptibility? | associations between respiratory tract infections and asthma inception and exacerbations are well established. infant respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus infections are known to be associated with an increased risk of asthma development, and among children with prevalent asthma, 85% of asthma exacerbations are associated with viral infections. however, the exact nature of this relationship remains unclear. is the increase in severity of infections an epiphenomenon, meaning respiratory tra ... | 2012 | 22846746 |
| a bcam0223 mutant of burkholderia cenocepacia is deficient in hemagglutination, serum resistance, adhesion to epithelial cells and virulence. | burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) bacteria are a problematic group of microorganisms causing severe infections in patients with cystic fibrosis. in early stages of infection, bcc bacteria must be able to adhere to and colonize the respiratory epithelium. although this is not fully understood, this primary stage of infection is believed to be in part mediated by a specific type of adhesins, named trimeric autotransporter adhesins (taas). these homotrimeric proteins exist on the surface of many g ... | 2012 | 22848588 |
| pneumonia in healthy canadian children and youth: practice points for management. | although immunization has decreased the incidence of bacterial pneumonia in vaccinated children, pneumonia remains common in healthy children. unless it is totally impractical, a chest radiograph should be performed to confirm the diagnosis of pneumonia. factors such as age, vital signs and other measures of illness severity are critical in the decision regarding whether to admit a patient to hospital. because streptococcus pneumoniae continues to be the most common cause of bacterial pneumonia ... | 2011 | 22851898 |
| prospective evaluation of a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry system in a hospital clinical microbiology laboratory for identification of bacteria and yeasts: a bench-by-bench study for assessing the impact on time to identification and cost-effectiveness. | matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) has been found to be an accurate, rapid, and inexpensive method for the identification of bacteria and yeasts. previous evaluations have compared the accuracy, time to identification, and costs of the maldi-tof ms method against standard identification systems or commercial panels. in this prospective study, we compared a protocol incorporating maldi-tof ms (maldi protocol) with the current standard ident ... | 2012 | 22855510 |
| [acute otitis media: prevalence of ear pathogens in patients at a public hospital]. | acute otitis media (aom) is one of the most common diseases in childhood and is the most common cause of antibiotic prescriptions in children. the gold standard for identifying the pathogens causing aom is tympanocentesis. this is only possible in the stage of aom when exudate is retained in the middle ear. the aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of organisms causing aom in eutrophic patients at a public paediatric hospital. | 2013 | 22858160 |
| changes in prevalence and load of airway bacteria using quantitative pcr in stable and exacerbated copd. | prevalence and load of airway bacteria in stable and exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) has been previously studied using microbiological culture. molecular techniques, such as quantitative pcr (qpcr), may be more informative. | 2012 | 22863758 |
| blood urea nitrogen to serum albumin ratio independently predicts mortality and severity of community-acquired pneumonia. | early studies of community-acquired pneumonia showed that nonsurvivors had higher blood urea nitrogen levels and lower serum albumin levels than survivors. therefore, elevation of the blood urea nitrogen to serum albumin (b/a) ratio may identify patients with community-acquired pneumonia who are becoming critically ill. this study investigated the correlation between commonly used laboratory markers, in particular the b/a ratio, and clinical outcomes of community-acquired pneumonia. | 2012 | 22866010 |
| does the adoption of eucast susceptibility breakpoints affect the selection of antimicrobials to treat acute community-acquired respiratory tract infections? | in several european countries, by the end of 2012, clsi guidelines will be replaced by eucast. we compared antimicrobial susceptibility results of a large number of respiratory pathogens using both eucast and previously adopted clsi criteria to evaluate the impact on susceptibility patterns and the possible consequences that could occur in clinical practice due to this replacement.for s. pyogenes and s. aureus, the interpretation of susceptibility data using the eucast criteria did not produce r ... | 2012 | 22866984 |
| korean clinical practice guidelines: otitis media in children. | acute otitis media (aom) and otitis media with effusion (ome) are common infections in children, and their diagnosis and treatment have significant impacts on the health of children and the costs of providing national medical care. in 2009, the korean otologic society organized a committee composed of experts in the field of otolaryngology, pediatrics, and family medicine to develop korean clinical practice guidelines (cpg) for otitis media in children with the goal of meeting regional medical a ... | 2012 | 22876048 |
| minor criteria of infectious disease society of america/american thoracic society for severe community-acquired pneumonia can predict delayed treatment response. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical aspects of patients satisfying the infectious disease society of america/american thoracic society (idsa/ats) minor severity criteria, focusing on their treatment response to empirical antibiotics. in total, 381 community-acquired pneumonia (cap) patients who did not require mechanical ventilation or vasopressors at admission were enrolled, and 50 (13.1%) satisfied the minor severity criteria (i.e. , minor severe cap [minor-scap]). the ra ... | 2012 | 22876058 |
| bloodstream infections in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension treated with intravenous prostanoids: insights from the reveal registry®. | to evaluate the rate of and potential risk factors for bloodstream infections (bsis) using data from the reveal (registry to evaluate early and long-term pulmonary arterial hypertension [pah] disease management) registry(®), which provides current information about patients with pah. | 2012 | 22883740 |
| acute submandibular sialadenitis-a case report. | many conditions affect the salivary glands. acute sialadenitis is infectious or inflammatory disorders of the salivary glands. the exact frequency of submandibular sialadenitis is unclear. the acute conditions more typically involve the parotid and submandibular glands. during an acute inflammatory process, there is swelling of the affected gland, overlying pain, gland tenderness, fever, and on occasion difficulty in opening the mouth. initial treatment should include rehydration oral antistaphy ... | 2012 | 22888457 |
| microbial carriage state of peripheral blood dendritic cells (dcs) in chronic periodontitis influences dc differentiation, atherogenic potential. | the low-grade oral infection chronic periodontitis (cp) has been implicated in coronary artery disease risk, but the mechanisms are unclear. in this study, a pathophysiological role for blood dendritic cells (dcs) in systemic dissemination of oral mucosal pathogens to atherosclerotic plaques was investigated in humans. the frequency and microbiome of cd19(-)bdca-1(+)dc-sign(+) blood myeloid dcs (mdcs) were analyzed in cp subjects with or without existing acute coronary syndrome and in healthy co ... | 2012 | 22891282 |
| azithromycin for indigenous children with bronchiectasis: study protocol for a multi-centre randomized controlled trial. | the prevalence of chronic suppurative lung disease (csld) and bronchiectasis unrelated to cystic fibrosis (cf) among indigenous children in australia, new zealand and alaska is very high. antibiotics are a major component of treatment and are used both on a short or long-term basis. one aim of long-term or maintenance antibiotics is to reduce the frequency of acute pulmonary exacerbations and symptoms. however, there are few studies investigating the efficacy of long-term antibiotic use for csld ... | 2012 | 22891748 |
| aware ceftaroline surveillance program (2008-2010): trends in resistance patterns among streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis in the united states. | ceftaroline fosamil, the prodrug form of the active metabolite ceftaroline, is a new broad-spectrum parenteral cephalosporin with antibacterial activity against the prevalent respiratory pathogens streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, and staphylococcus aureus. bacterial resistance surveillance (5330 isolates) was conducted in the united states between 2008 and 2010 to assess the in vitro activity of ceftaroline and comparator antibacterial agents against invas ... | 2012 | 22903951 |
| ceftaroline potency among 9 us census regions: report from the 2010 aware program. | ceftaroline is a new antibacterial agent that is active against the major bacterial pathogens found in acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections and community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. the 2010 assessing worldwide antimicrobial resistance evaluation (aware) surveillance program in the united states collected a total of 8434 bacterial isolates from 65 us medical centers across 9 us regions. the isolates were cultured and tested for susceptibility to ceftaroline and comparator agents ... | 2012 | 22903952 |
| the human milk protein-lipid complex hamlet sensitizes bacterial pathogens to traditional antimicrobial agents. | the fight against antibiotic resistance is one of the most significant challenges to public health of our time. the inevitable development of resistance following the introduction of novel antibiotics has led to an urgent need for the development of new antibacterial drugs with new mechanisms of action that are not susceptible to existing resistance mechanisms. one such compound is hamlet, a natural complex from human milk that kills streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) using a mechanism ... | 2012 | 22905269 |
| characteristics of infectious diseases in hospitalized patients during the early phase after the 2011 great east japan earthquake: pneumonia as a significant reason for hospital care. | natural catastrophes increase infectious disease morbidity rates. on march 11, 2011, a 9.0-magnitude earthquake and associated pacific coast tsunami struck east japan. the aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of patients with infectious diseases who needed hospitalization after this disaster. | 2013 | 22911275 |
| microbiome diversity in the bronchial tracts of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | culture of bacteria from bronchial secretions in respiratory patients has low sensitivity and does not allow for complete assessment of microbial diversity across different bronchial compartments. in addition, a significant number of clinical studies are based on sputum samples, and it is not known to what extent they describe the real diversity of the mucosa. in order to identify previously unrecognized lower airway bacteria and to investigate the complexity and distribution of microbiota in pa ... | 2012 | 22915614 |
| efficacy and safety of oral gemifloxacin for the empirical treatment of pneumonia. | respiratory tract infections (rti) are common causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. initial antibiotic therapy in upper and lower respiratory tract infections is usually empirical. the increasing evidence of antibacterial resistance in the pathogens commonly associated with pneumonia has raised concerns about the efficacy of currently available therapies and poses a challenge to clinicians. gemifloxacin is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agent exhibiting potent activity against ... | 2012 | 22919164 |
| trimeric autotransporter adhesins in members of the burkholderia cepacia complex: a multifunctional family of proteins implicated in virulence. | trimeric autotransporter adhesins (taas) are multimeric surface proteins exclusively found in bacteria. they are involved in various biological traits of pathogenic gram-negative bacteria including adherence, biofilm formation, invasion, survival within eukaryotic cells, serum resistance, and cytotoxicity. taas have a modular architecture composed by a conserved membrane-anchored c-terminal domain and a variable number of stalk and head domains. in this study, a bioinformatic approach has been u ... | 2011 | 22919579 |
| dps promotes survival of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae in biofilm communities in vitro and resistance to clearance in vivo. | nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) is a common airway commensal and opportunistic pathogen that persists within surface-attached biofilm communities. in this study, we tested the hypothesis that bacterial stress-responses are activated within biofilms. transcripts for several factors associated with bacterial resistance to environmental stress were increased in biofilm cultures as compared to planktonic cultures. among these, a homolog of the dna-binding protein from starved cells (dps) w ... | 2012 | 22919649 |
| nontypeable haemophilus influenzae biofilms: role in chronic airway infections. | like many pathogens inhabiting mucosal surfaces, nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) forms multicellular biofilm communities both in vitro and in various infection models. in the past 15 years much has been learned about determinants of biofilm formation by this organism and potential roles in bacterial virulence, especially in the context of chronic and recurrent infections. however, this concept has not been without some degree of controversy, and in the past some have expressed doubts a ... | 2012 | 22919686 |
| quorum signaling and sensing by nontypeable haemophilus influenzae. | quorum signals are diffusible factors produced by bacteria that coordinate communal responses. for nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi), a series of recent papers indicate that production and sensing of quorum signals are determinants of biofilm formation/maturation and persistence in vivo. in this mini-review i will summarize the current knowledge about quorum signaling/sensing by this organism, and identify specific topics for additional study. | 2012 | 22919689 |
| prevention of infection in immunosuppressive patients with autoimmune nephrosis by using an immunostimulating bacterial lysate broncho-vaxom. | the utilization of immunosuppressive agents presents patients with autoimmune nephrosis at a high risk of infection. the present trial was to investigate the efficacy and safety of broncho-vaxom on preventing infection in immunosuppressive patients with autoimmune nephrosis. | 2012 | 22922768 |
| [nasopharyngeal carriage of children 6 to 60 months during the implementation of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine]. | since 2001 in france, a nasopharyngeal carriage study was set up for children six to 24 months old. any data are available for older children (25 to 60 months). the aim of this study is to compare the nasopharyngeal carriage in children with acute otitis media (aom) or healthy between both age groups (6/24 months versus 25/60 months). moreover, during the study period, the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv13) has replaced pcv7 in june 2010. | 2012 | 22925540 |
| tympanocentesis results of a canadian pediatric myringotomy population, 2008 to 2010. | this study was completed to evaluate the middle ear microbiology of a pediatric population with chronic otitis media with effusion and to determine if there has been a change in the spectrum of microorganisms or their antibiotic susceptibility in the modern age of antibiotic therapy. | 2012 | 22935180 |
| oxidized phospholipids impair pulmonary antibacterial defenses: evidence in mice exposed to cigarette smoke. | patients with copd are associated with poor pulmonary anti-bacterial innate defenses, which increase the risk for frequent acute exacerbations caused by bacterial infection. despite elevated numbers of phagocytes (macrophages and neutrophils), airways of patients with copd show stable bacterial colonization. a defect in the phagocytic ability of alveolar macrophages (ams) is one of the primary reasons for failure to clear the invading bacteria in airways of smokers and copd patients and also in ... | 2012 | 22935414 |
| etiology and incidence of viral and bacterial acute respiratory illness among older children and adults in rural western kenya, 2007-2010. | few comprehensive data exist on disease incidence for specific etiologies of acute respiratory illness (ari) in older children and adults in africa. | 2012 | 22937071 |
| antibiotics for bronchiectasis exacerbations in children: rationale and study protocol for a randomised placebo-controlled trial. | despite bronchiectasis being increasingly recognised as an important cause of chronic respiratory morbidity in both indigenous and non-indigenous settings globally, high quality evidence to inform management is scarce. it is assumed that antibiotics are efficacious for all bronchiectasis exacerbations, but not all practitioners agree. inadequately treated exacerbations may risk lung function deterioration. our study tests the hypothesis that both oral azithromycin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid ... | 2012 | 22937736 |
| presentation and management of pediatric orbital cellulitis. | orbital cellulitis is a serious, vision-threatening infection. | 2011 | 22942886 |
| early-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults randomized clinical trial: comparison of 8 versus 15 days of antibiotic treatment. | the optimal treatment duration for ventilator-associated pneumonia is based on one study dealing with late-onset of the condition. shortening the length of antibiotic treatment remains a major prevention factor for the emergence of multiresistant bacteria. | 2012 | 22952580 |
| moraxella catarrhalis: from interactions with the host immune system to vaccine development. | moraxella catarrhalis is a human-restricted commensal that over the last two decades has developed into an emerging respiratory tract pathogen. the bacterial species is equipped with various adhesins to facilitate its colonization. successful evasion of the human immune system is a prerequisite for moraxella infection. this strategy involves induction of an excessive proinflammatory response, intervention of granulocyte recruitment to the infection site, activation of selected pattern recognitio ... | 2012 | 22953708 |
| pneumococcal carbohydrate transport: food for thought. | streptococcus pneumoniae relies exclusively on carbohydrates as a carbon source and devotes 30% of all transport mechanisms to carbohydrate import. pneumococci utilize at least 32 carbohydrates in vitro. however, some proposed substrates are not human-derived, so it is unclear where they are encountered in the host niche, and other substrates remain unidentified. the majority of transporter loci are conserved, arguing against redundancy and instead for distinct roles during pathogenesis. despite ... | 2012 | 22959614 |
| an antimicrobial evaluation of plants used for the treatment of respiratory infections in rural maputaland, kwazulu-natal, south africa. | abundant availability of medicinal plants in the study area offers low cost health care, but scientific validation is needed in order to lend credibility to the traditional use against respiratory infections. | 2012 | 22960551 |
| infectious background of febrile advanced lung cancer patients who received chemotherapy. | the study aimed to determine the diagnostic utility of procalcitonin (pct) in order to discriminate between infective fever and fever due to inflammation in febrile advanced lung cancer patients treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy. a total of 121 patients with advanced lung cancer, treated with a cytotoxic chemotherapy regimen between september 2007 and september 2008 at kyoto university hospital, were recruited. blood samples were obtained on the first day of the fever. serum c-reactive protein ... | 2010 | 22966393 |
| viral-bacterial interactions in acute otitis media. | acute otitis media (aom) is a polymicrobial disease, which usually occurs as a complication of viral upper respiratory tract infection (uri). while respiratory viruses alone may cause viral aom, they increase the risk of bacterial middle ear infection and worsen clinical outcomes of bacterial aom. uri viruses alter eustachian tube (et) function via decreased mucociliary action, altered mucus secretion and increased expression of inflammatory mediators among other mechanisms. transient reduction ... | 2012 | 22968233 |
| lung microbiology and exacerbations in copd. | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is the most common chronic respiratory condition in adults and is characterized by progressive airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. the main etiological agents linked with copd are cigarette smoking and biomass exposure but respiratory infection is believed to play a major role in the pathogenesis of both stable copd and in acute exacerbations. acute exacerbations are associated with more rapid decline in lung function and impaired quality ... | 2012 | 22969296 |
| nontypeable haemophilus influenzae genetic islands associated with chronic pulmonary infection. | haemophilus influenzae (hi) colonizes the human respiratory tract and is an important pathogen associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). bacterial factors that interact with the human host may be important in the pathogenesis of copd. these factors, however, have not been well defined. the overall goal of this study was to identify bacterial genetic elements with increased prevalence among h. influenzae strains isolated from patients with copd compared to those isolated from ... | 2012 | 22970300 |
| coinfection with staphylococcus aureus increases risk of severe coagulopathy in critically ill children with influenza a (h1n1) virus infection. | h1n1 influenza with coinfections has been implicated to have high morbidity and mortality. we hypothesized that critically ill children with 2009 h1n1 and coinfections are at a higher risk of developing disseminated intravascular coagulation. | 2012 | 22971587 |