Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| seasonal risk of low pathogenic avian influenza virus introductions into free-range layer farms in the netherlands. | poultry can become infected with avian influenza viruses (aiv) via (in) direct contact with infected wild birds. free-range chicken farms in the netherlands were shown to have a higher risk for introduction of low pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) virus than indoor chicken farms. therefore, during outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai), free-range layers are confined indoors as a risk mitigation measure. in this study, we characterized the seasonal patterns of aiv introductions in ... | 2020 | 32506770 |
| nlrc5 serves as a pro-viral factor during influenza virus infection in chicken macrophages. | avian influenza viruses (aivs) cause major economic losses to the global poultry industry. many host factors have been identified that act as regulators of the inflammatory response and virus replication in influenza a virus (iav) infected cells including nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (nod) like receptor (nlr) family proteins. evidence is emerging that nlrc5, the largest nlr member, is a regulator of host immune responses against invading pathogens including viruses; however, its rol ... | 2020 | 32509599 |
| protection of layers and breeders against homologous or heterologous hpaiv by vaccines from korean national antigen bank. | korean government has selected and stocked five type antigens of two clades as korean national antigen bank having high possibility of introduction to korea. we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the clade 2.3.2.1c and 2.3.4.4c h5nx vaccines from the korean avian influenza (ai) national antigen bank for emergency preparedness for their potency and protective efficacy against lethal homologous and heterologous viruses in layer and breeder chickens practically. the pd50 (dose of vaccine that protec ... | 2020 | 32523096 |
| pathological and molecular characterization of h5 avian influenza virus in poultry flocks from egypt over a ten-year period (2009-2019). | avian influenza virus (aiv) remains one of the enzootic zoonotic diseases that challenges the poultry industry in egypt. in the present study, a total of 500 tissue samples were collected from 100 chicken farms (broilers and layers) suspected to be infected with aiv through the period from 2009 to 2019 from dakahlia governorate, egypt. these samples were pooled in 100 working samples and screened for aiv then the positive samples were subjected to histopathological examination combined with real ... | 2020 | 32527004 |
| year‑round influenza a virus surveillance in mallards (anas platyrhynchos) reveals genetic persistence during the under‑sampled spring season. | active influenza a virus (iav) surveillance in wild waterfowl in the united states has revolved around convenience-based sampling methods, resulting in gaps in surveillance during the spring season. we conducted active iav surveillance in mallards continuously from july 2017 to july 2019 in the coastal marshes of lake erie near port clinton, ohio. we aimed to understand ecological and evolutionary dynamics of iav across multiple seasons, including the under‑sampled spring season. we collected 20 ... | 2020 | 32545281 |
| protection from influenza by intramuscular gene vector delivery of a broadly neutralizing nanobody does not depend on antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity. | cross-subtype neutralizing single domain antibodies against influenza present new opportunities for immunoprophylaxis and pandemic preparedness. their simple modular structure and single open reading frame format are highly amenable to gene therapy-mediated delivery. we have previously described r1a-b6, an alpaca-derived single domain antibody (nanobody), that is capable of potent cross-subtype neutralization in vitro of h1n1, h5n1, h2n2, and h9n2 influenza viruses, through binding to a highly c ... | 2020 | 32547534 |
| effects of an h7 highly pathogenic and related low pathogenic avian influenza virus on chicken egg production, viability, and virus contamination of egg contents and surfaces. | both highly pathogenic (hp) and low pathogenic (lp) avian influenza virus (aiv) can cause decreases or even cessation of egg production in chickens and turkeys. production of abnormal eggs (deformed, thin-shelled, soft-shelled) can also be caused by aiv infection. additionally, egg surfaces and contents may also be contaminated with virus. because data quantifying these effects are lacking, white plymouth rock hens were inoculated with hp or lp aiv while in production. no decreases in egg produc ... | 2020 | 32550614 |
| y-box-binding protein 3 (ybx3) restricts influenza a virus by interacting with viral ribonucleoprotein complex and imparing its function. | the influenza a virus (iav) ribonucleoprotein (vrnp) complex consists of polymerase subunits, nucleoprotein (np) and viral rna and is responsible for rna transcription and replication. interactions between the vrnp complex and host factors play important roles in virus replication, pathogenicity and species tropism. in this study, strep-tag affinity purification coupled with mass spectrometry was used to identify host factors that interact with iav vrnp complex in infected human cells. we purifi ... | 2020 | 32553055 |
| immunostimulant effect of a mixed herbal extract on infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) vaccinated chickens in the context of a co-infection model of avian influenza virus h9n2 and ibdv. | this study was conducted to assess the comparative effects of a mixed herbal extract (mhe) containing ocimum sanctum, withania somnifera, emblica officinalis, tinospora cordifolia, mangifera indica, and asphaltum (shilajit) on infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv)-vaccinated (vac) chickens infected with ibdv and avian influenza virus (aiv) h9n2. the experiment included three groups (g1-g3): g1, the negative control group; g2, the vac + challenged (ch) group; and g3, the vac + ch + mhe group. mh ... | 2020 | 32563798 |
| the presence of poultry influenza strains in two live bird markets near the east-west boundary of vietnam. | the spread of avian influenza virus among asian countries is becoming a concern after influenza epidemics in recent years. this study is aimed at identifying the subtypes of avian influenza viruses collected from healthy chickens and ducks at two live bird markets in a border province of vietnam and the lao people democratic republic. cloacal and tracheal swab samples from 100 chickens and 101 ducks were collected in may 2017. all samples were screened to detect avian influenza virus by real-tim ... | 2020 | 32566655 |
| srsf10 inhibits the polymerase activity and replication of avian influenza virus by regulating the alternative splicing of chicken anp32a. | compared with mammalian anp32a, most avian-coded anp32a contains a 33 amino acids insertion (ch-anp32a-33) or a 29 amino acids insertion (ch-anp32a-29), which can rescue the mammalian-restricted avian influenza virus polymerase activity, with ch-anp32a-33 exhibiting a more potent phenotype. the alternative splicing of 3' splice sites (sss) of chicken anp32a intron 4 generates full-length ch-anp32a-33 and truncated ch-anp32a-29. in this study, we found a splicing regulatory cis-element that affec ... | 2020 | 32574681 |
| a ligation and restriction enzyme independent cloning technique: an alternative to conventional methods for cloning hard-to-clone gene segments in the influenza reverse genetics system. | reverse genetics is used in many laboratories around the world and enables the creation of tailor-made influenza viruses with a desired genotype or phenotype. however, the process is not flawless, and difficulties remain during cloning of influenza gene segments into reverse genetics vectors (phw2000, phh21, pcaggs). reverse genetics begins with making cdna copies of influenza gene segments and cloning them into bi-directional (phw2000) or uni-directional plasmids (phh21, pcaggs) followed by tra ... | 2020 | 32576218 |
| contributions of ha1 and ha2 subunits of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in induction of neutralizing antibodies and protection in chickens. | highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv) subtype h5n1 causes a devastating disease in poultry. vaccination is an effective method of controlling avian influenza virus (aiv) infection in poultry. the hemagglutinin (ha) protein is the major determinant recognized by the immune system of the host. cleavage of the ha precursor ha0 into ha1 and ha2 subunits is required for infectivity of the aiv. we evaluated the individual contributions of ha1 and ha2 subunits to the induction of hpaiv serum ... | 2020 | 32582071 |
| seroprevalence of avian influenza in baltic common eiders (somateria mollissima) and pink-footed geese (anser brachyrhynchus). | blood plasma was collected during 2016-2018 from healthy incubating eiders (somateria molissima, n = 183) in three danish colonies, and healthy migrating pink-footed geese (anser brachyrhynchus, n = 427) at their spring roost in central norway (svalbard breeding population) and their novel flyway through the finnish baltic sea (russian breeding population). these species and flyways altogether represent terrestrial, brackish and marine ecosystems spanning from the western to the eastern and nort ... | 2020 | 32585505 |
| survey of serum amyloid a and bacterial and viral frequency using qpcr levels in recently captured feral donkeys from death valley national park (california). | feral donkey removal from state land has raised concerns in terms of disease transmission between equine species. disease outbreaks may occur as a result of the relocation of animals to new environments. virus and bacteria dna load and serum amyloid a derived from the pathogenic processes that they involve were measured in recently captured donkeys. blood and nasal swabs were collected from 85 donkeys (death valley national park, shoshone, california); 24 were retested after 30/60 days in the sc ... | 2020 | 32585994 |
| geographical variation in the risk of h7n9 human infections in china: implications for risk-based surveillance. | the influenza a (h7n9) subtype remains a public health problem in china affecting individuals in contact with live poultry, particularly at live bird markets. despite enhanced surveillance and biosecurity at lbms h7n9 viruses are now more widespread in china. this study aims to quantify the temporal relationship between poultry surveillance results and the onset of human h7n9 infections during 2013-2017 and to estimate risk factors associated with geographical risk of h7n9 human infections in co ... | 2020 | 32587266 |
| a77 1726, the active metabolite of the anti-rheumatoid arthritis drug leflunomide, inhibits influenza a virus replication in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting the activity of janus kinases. | the newly reassorted iav subtypes from zoonotic reservoirs respond poorly to current vaccines and antiviral therapy. there is an unmet need in developing novel antiviral drugs for better control of iav infection. the cellular factors that are crucial for virus replication have been sought as novel molecular targets for antiviral therapy. recent studies have shown that janus kinases (jak), jak1, and jak2, play an important role in iav replication. leflunomide is an anti-inflammatory drug primaril ... | 2020 | 32598086 |
| induction of cross-group broadly reactive antibody response by natural h7n9 avian influenza virus infection and immunization with inactivated h7n9 vaccine in chickens. | pre-existing immunity against the conserved haemagglutinin (ha) stalk underlies the elicitation of cross-group antibody induced by natural h7n9 virus infection and immunization in humans. however, whether broadly reactive antibodies can be induced by h7n9 infection and immunization in the absence of pre-existing stalk-specific immunity is unclear. in this study, antibody response induced by h7n9 virus infection and immunization with inactivated and viral-vectored h7n9 vaccines in naïve chickens ... | 2020 | 32602258 |
| establishing a robust manufacturing platform for recombinant veterinary vaccines: an adenovirus-vector vaccine to control newcastle disease virus infections of poultry in sub-saharan africa. | developing vaccine technology platforms to respond to pandemic threats or zoonotic diseases is a worldwide high priority. the risk of infectious diseases transmitted from wildlife and domestic animals to humans makes veterinary vaccination and animal health monitoring highly relevant for the deployment of public health global policies in the context of "one world, one health" principles. sub-saharan africa is frequently impacted by outbreaks of poultry diseases such as avian influenza and newcas ... | 2020 | 32604755 |
| pathogenicity of different h5n6 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus strains and host immune responses in chickens. | the h5n6 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv) has been circulating in china since 2013. in this report, we describe our recent chicken experimental studies investigating the pathogenicity and transmission of four h5n6 hpaiv field strains of different origins (gs39, ck44, dk47 and ck74) and the host immune responses. four-week-old specific-pathogen-free chickens were inoculated intranasally with one of the four h5n6 hpaiv strains (one strain per group). among the contact chickens, the ... | 2020 | 32605756 |
| molecular cloning, tissue distribution and function analysis of duck tlr7. | toll-like receptors (tlrs) play an important role in detecting pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps). among the tlrs, tlr7 is involved in the recognition of antiviral compounds and single-stranded rna. this study was designed to explore the structure and function of tlr7 in duck (anas platyrhynchos), a natural host for avian influenza virus. firstly, the full-length cdna of shaoxing egg-laying duck tlr7 (dutlr7) was obtained using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) ... | 2020 | 32609043 |
| supplemental dietary selenium enhances immune responses conferred by a vaccine against low pathogenicity avian influenza virus. | selenium is a trace mineral that has antioxidant activities and can influence the immune system. however, antiviral effects of selenium have not been well studies in chickens. chickens were therefore fed diets supplemented with two levels of two different sources of selenium (organic: selenium enriched yeast; sey or inorganic: sodium selenite; ss). chickens in the control groups did not receive supplemental dietary selenium. at 14 and 21 days of age, chickens were vaccinated with an inactivated ... | 2020 | 32615272 |
| pathogenicity of clade 2.3.2.1 h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in american kestrel (falco sparverius). | birds of prey, including endangered species, have been infected with h5 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (hpaivs) in several countries. in this present study, we assessed the pathogenicity of the clade 2.3.2.1 h5n1 hpaiv in american kestrels (falco sparverius) with a view to preventing future outbreaks in raptors. the kestrels were intranasally inoculated with the virus or fed the meat of chicks that had died from viral infection. kestrels in both groups initially had reduced food intak ... | 2020 | 32619103 |
| investigation of avian influenza viruses (h9n2-h5nx) in pigeons during highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in iran, in 2016. | avian influenza (ai) virus (h9n2 and h5 subtypes) infections in birds cause major concerns around the world. the majority of the avian species, such as domestic, pet, and wild birds, are natural and experimental hosts of avian influenza viruses. there are global concerns about members of the columbidae family, namely pigeons or doves, for their role as the potential interspecies bridge in influenza a viruses ecology. the acquired scientific data in this regard is still not clear since there are ... | 2020 | 32621448 |
| avian influenza overview august - november 2018. | between 16 august and 15 november 2018, 14 highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) a(h5n8) outbreaks in poultry establishments in bulgaria and seven hpai a(h5n6) outbreaks, one in captive birds in germany and six in wild birds in denmark and the netherlands were reported in the european union (eu). no human infection due to hpai a(h5n8) and a(h5n6) viruses have been reported in europe so far. seroconversion of people exposed during outbreaks in russia has been reported in one study. although th ... | 2018 | 32625795 |
| avian influenza overview february - may 2018. | between 16 february and 15 may 2018, three highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) a(h5n6) and 11 hpai a(h5n8) outbreaks in poultry holdings, one hpai a(h5n6) and one hpai a(h5n8) outbreak in captive birds, and 55 hpai a(h5n6) wild bird events were reported in europe. there is no evidence to date that hpai a(h5n6) viruses circulating in europe are associated with clades infecting humans. fewer hpai wild bird cases have been detected than during the same period of previous year. most of mortalit ... | 2018 | 32625951 |
| sigma animal disease data model: a comprehensive approach for the collection of standardised data on animal diseases. | the european commission is routinely asking efsa for scientific and technical support in the epidemiological analysis of animal disease outbreaks (i.e. african swine fever, lumpy skin disease and avian influenza) and to report or assess surveillance data (i.e. echinococcus multilocularis and avian influenza). for this purpose, efsa has over the last years carried out several data collections and gathered specific information on outbreaks, surveillance activities and concerned animal populations ... | 2019 | 32626101 |
| avian influenza overview august - november2019. | between 16 august and 15 november 2019, one low pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) a(h5) outbreak in poultry in france was reported in europe. genetic characterisation reveals that the virusclusterswith eurasian lpai viruses. no highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) outbreaks in birds were notified in europe in the relevant period for this report. hpai a(h5n6) viruswas identified in chickens in nigeria, this isthe first report of hpai a(h5n6) from the african continent.fewerhpai outbreaks in a ... | 2019 | 32626216 |
| replication of a dog-origin h6n1 influenza virus in cell culture and mice. | the world's first natural avian-origin h6n1 influenza a virus infection case in dogs was confirmed in taiwan in 2014. the h6n1 virus in chickens has been endemic in taiwan since 1972. whether the dog h6n1 virus has interspecies transmission potential is the key issue we aim to understand. following one virus passage in embryonated eggs and two further passages in mdck cells, we obtained two virus derivatives, e01ee (pb1 739e and pb2 627e) and e01gk (pb1 739g and pb2 627k), respectively. the path ... | 2020 | 32629810 |
| patterns of avian influenza a (h5) and a (h9) virus infection in backyard, commercial broiler and layer chicken farms in bangladesh. | in order to control highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n1 and low pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) h9n2 virus spread in endemically infected countries, a detailed understanding of infection patterns is required. we conducted cross-sectional studies in bangladesh in 2016 and 2017, on 144 backyard, 106 broiler and 113 layer chicken farms. although all sampled birds were negative for h5 virus by rt-pcr, h5 antibodies were detected in unvaccinated birds on all three farming systems. higher ... | 2020 | 32639112 |
| irradiation by a combination of different peak-wavelength ultraviolet-light emitting diodes enhances the inactivation of influenza a viruses. | influenza a viruses (iavs) pose a serious global threat to humans and their livestock. this study aimed to determine the ideal irradiation by ultraviolet-light emitting diodes (uv-leds) for iav disinfection. we irradiated the iav h1n1 subtype with 4.8 mj/cm2 uv using eight uv-leds [peak wavelengths (wl) = 365, 310, 300, 290, 280, 270, and 260 nm)] or a mercury low pressure (lp)-uv lamp (peak wl = 254 nm). inactivation was evaluated by the infection ratio of madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells ... | 2020 | 32650492 |
| co-circulation of both low and highly pathogenic avian influenza h5 viruses in current poultry epidemics in taiwan. | highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) a(h5) viruses belonging to clade 2.3.4.4c of the a/goose/guangdong/1/96-like (gs/gd) lineage caused severe global outbreaks in domestic birds from 2014 to 2015, that also represented the first incursions of gs/gd viruses into taiwan and the usa. however, few studies have investigated the circulation of clade 2.3.4.4c viruses after 2015. here, we describe gs/gd clade 2.3.4.4c and mexican-like h5n2 viruses that were isolated in taiwan during active surveill ... | 2020 | 32661493 |
| transmission experiments support clade-level differences in the transmission and pathogenicity of cambodian influenza a/h5n1 viruses. | influenza a/h5n1 has circulated in asia since 2003 and is now enzootic in many countries in that region. in cambodia, the virus has circulated since 2004 and has intermittently infected humans. during this period, we have noted differences in the rate of infections in humans, potentially associated with the circulation of different viral clades. in particular, a reassortant clade 1.1.2 virus emerged in early 2013 and was associated with a dramatic increase in infections of humans (34 cases) unti ... | 2020 | 32666894 |
| complete coding genome sequence of an avian influenza a/h3n8 virus strain detected in north kazakhstan in 2018. | we report the complete coding genome sequence of the influenza a/h3n8 virus, isolated from anas querquedula in northern kazakhstan in 2018. phylogenetic analysis of the surface antigens of strain a/garganey/north-kazakhstan/45/2018 showed that its hemagglutinin belonged to the asian line, while its neuraminidase was assigned to the eurasian group. | 2020 | 32675181 |
| evolutionarily missing and conserved trna genes in human and avian. | viral infection heavily relies on host transfer rna (trna) for viral rna decoding. counterintuitively, not all trna species based on anticodon are matched to all 64-triplet codons during evolution. life solves this problem by cognate trna species via wobbling decoding. we found that 14 out of 64 trna genes in humans and the main avian species (chicken and duck) were parallelly missing, including 8 trna-a34nn and 6 trna-g34nn species. by analyzing the conservation of key motifs in trna genes, we ... | 2020 | 32679345 |
| full-length genome sequences of the first h9n2 avian influenza viruses isolated in the northeast of algeria. | h9n2 avian influenza viruses (aiv) has a worldwide geographic distribution and affects poultry of different types of production. h9n2 aiv was first reported in the northeast of algeria in april 2017, following an outbreak associated with high mortality, in broiler flocks. in the present study, we report full-length genome sequences of aiv h9n2, and the detailed phylogeny and molecular genetic analyses. | 2020 | 32680533 |
| 'big data' in animal health research - opportunities and challenges. | automated systems for high-input data collection and data storage have led to exponential growth in the availability of information. such datasets and the tools applied to them have been referred to as 'big data'. starting with a systematic review of the terms 'informatics, bioinformatics and big data' in animal health this special issue of ahrr illustrates some big-data applications with papers on how the use of various omics methods may be used to facilitate the development of improved diagnos ... | 2020 | 32684189 |
| detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza in sekong province lao pdr 2018-potential for improved surveillance and management in endemic regions. | significant global efforts have been directed towards understanding the epidemiology of highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) across poultry production systems and in wild-bird reservoirs, yet understanding of disease dynamics in the village poultry setting remains limited. this article provides a detailed account of the first laboratory-confirmed outbreak of hpai in the south-eastern provinces of lao pdr, which occurred in a village in sekong province in october 2018. perspectives from an an ... | 2020 | 32686364 |
| evolution and extensive reassortment of h5 influenza viruses isolated from wild birds in china over the past decade. | lethal infection of wild birds with different subtypes of h5 viruses continuously occur. to investigate the genetic evolution and pathogenicity of h5 viruses in wild birds, we performed a detailed genetic and biologic analysis of 27 viruses, including h5n1, h5n2, h5n6, and h5n8 subtypes, that were responsible for avian influenza outbreaks in wild birds in china over the past decade. we found that these 27 viruses, bearing different clades/subclades of ha, were complicated reassortants and formed ... | 2020 | 32686602 |
| sequence analysis and pathogenicity of avian orthoavulavirus 1 strains isolated from poultry flocks during 2015-2019. | newcastle disease (nd) causes severe economic losses in poultry industry worldwide. egyptian poultry industry suffered from severe economic losses since the isolation of velogenic newcastle disease virus (vndv) genotype viid in 2011 and up till now despite the use of different vaccination programs. so, this study aimed to isolate and characterize the vndv from a total of 120 poultry flocks from ten provinces in the egyptian delta region with a history of respiratory manifestation, high mortaliti ... | 2020 | 32698866 |
| immune escape adaptive mutations in the h7n9 avian influenza hemagglutinin protein increase virus replication fitness and decrease pandemic potential. | h7n9 avian influenza viruses (aivs) continue to evolve and remain a huge threat to human health and the poultry industry. previously, serially passaging the h7n9 a/anhui/1/2013 virus in the presence of homologous ferret antiserum resulted in immune escape viruses containing amino acid substitutions alanine to threonine at residues 125 (a125t) and 151 (a151t) and leucine to glutamine at residue 217 (l217q) in the hemagglutinin (ha) protein. these ha mutations have also been found in field isolate ... | 2020 | 32699084 |
| genetic characteristics and pathogenesis of h5 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses from wild birds and domestic ducks in south korea. | h5 and h7 subtypes of low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (lpaivs) can mutate to highly pathogenic forms and are therefore subject to stringent controls. we characterized h5 lpaivs isolated from wild-bird habitats and duck farms in south korea from 2010 to 2017. through nationwide active surveillance for aivs, 59 h5 lpaivs were isolated from wild-bird habitats (a mean annual rate of 5.3% of aiv isolations). in 2015, one lpai h5n3 strain was isolated on a duck farm. phylogenetic analysis revea ... | 2020 | 32699272 |
| 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide inhibits apoptosis in influenza a(h5n1) virus-infected human lung epithelial cells via the caspase-9-dependent intrinsic apoptotic pathway which contributes to its antiviral activity. | influenza a virus (iav) infection represents a global health challenge. excavating antiviral active components from traditional chinese medicine (tcm) is a promising anti-iav strategy. our previous studies have demonstrated that 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (dap), a major ingredient of a tcm herb called andrographis paniculata, shows anti-iav activity that is mainly effective against a/chicken/hubei/327/2004 (h5n1), a/duck/hubei/xn/2007 (h5n1), and a/pr/8/34 (h1n1) in vitro and in viv ... | 2020 | 32702348 |
| genetic characterization of a novel north american-origin avian influenza a (h6n5) virus isolated from bean goose of south korea in 2018. | the complex overlap in waterfowl migratory pathways across the world has established numerous occurrences of genetic reassortment and intercontinental spread of avian influenza virus (aiv) over long distances, thereby calling for huge efforts and targeted surveillance for infection control. during annual surveillance in south korea in 2018, a novel avian influenza h6n5 (k6) subtype was isolated from the fecal sample of wild bird. genomic characterization using a phylogenetic tree indicated the k ... | 2020 | 32709116 |
| phylogenetic characterization of a reassortant h5n2 influenza a virus from a resident mexican duck (anas diazi). | congregation of different migratory and resident bird species on aquatic ecosystems during winter migration increases contact rates and enhances influenza a virus (iav) transmission. however, scarce research has been focused on the resident bird's contribution to the viral ecology at a local scale. the mexican duck (anas diazi) is an endemic endangered anatid from mexico. this resident species shares aquatic habitats with migratory birds in the wetlands of central mexico. therefore, here we desc ... | 2020 | 32721589 |
| health profile of free-range wild boar (sus scrofa) subpopulations hunted in santa catarina state, brazil. | wild boars represent a potential dissemination source of important pathogens to public and animal health, since they can host several pathogens. this study aimed to evaluate the health profile of wild boars hunted for population control in the state of santa catarina (sc), south of brazil. for this study, tissue and blood samples were collected from 61 wild boars hunted from october 2017 to november 2018. all 61 serum samples were screened for antibodies by different assays, presenting the follo ... | 2020 | 32725949 |
| contribution of segment 3 to the acquisition of virulence in contemporary h9n2 avian influenza viruses. | h9n2 avian influenza viruses (aivs) circulate in poultry throughout much of asia, the middle east, and africa. these viruses cause huge economic damage to poultry production systems and pose a zoonotic threat both in their own right and in the generation of novel zoonotic viruses, for example, h7n9. in recent years, it has been observed that h9n2 viruses have further adapted to gallinaceous poultry, becoming more highly transmissible and causing higher morbidity and mortality. here, we investiga ... | 2020 | 32727875 |
| immune profiling of influenza-specific b- and t-cell responses in macaques using flow cytometry-based assays. | influenza remains a significant global public health burden, despite substantial annual vaccination efforts against circulating virus strains. as a result, novel vaccine approaches are needed to generate long-lasting and universal broadly cross-reactive immunity against distinct influenza virus strains and subtypes. several new vaccine candidates are currently under development and/or in clinical trials. the successful development of new vaccines requires testing in animal models, other than mic ... | 2020 | 32741011 |
| functional neuraminidase inhibitor resistance motifs in avian influenza a(h5nx) viruses. | neuraminidase inhibitors (nais) are antiviral agents recommended worldwide to treat or prevent influenza virus infections in humans. past influenza virus pandemics seeded by zoonotic infection by avian influenza viruses (aiv) as well as the increasing number of human infections with aiv have shown the importance of having information about resistance to nais by avian nas that could cross the species barrier. in this study we introduced four nai resistance-associated mutations (n2 numbering) prev ... | 2020 | 32750468 |
| aiv polyantigen epitope expressed by recombinant baculovirus induces a systemic immune response in chicken and mouse models. | the protective efficacy of avian influenza virus (aiv) vaccines is unsatisfactory due to the presence of various serotypes generated by genetic reassortment. thus, immunization with a polyantigen chimeric epitope vaccine may be an effective strategy for protecting poultry from infection with different aiv subtypes. | 2020 | 32758272 |
| distinct mirna profile of cellular and extracellular vesicles released from chicken tracheal cells following avian influenza virus infection. | innate responses provide the first line of defense against viral infections, including the influenza virus at mucosal surfaces. communication and interaction between different host cells at the early stage of viral infections determine the quality and magnitude of immune responses against the invading virus. the release of membrane-encapsulated extracellular vesicles (evs), from host cells, is defined as a refined system of cell-to-cell communication. evs contain a diverse array of biomolecules, ... | 2020 | 32764349 |
| pathogenicity and transmissibility of clade 2.3.4.4 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype h5n6 in pigeons. | pigeons were previously thought to be resistant to h5 viruses and to play a minimal role in spreading these viruses. in this study, we evaluated the pathogenicity of two clade 2.3.4.4 h5n6 viruses in pigeons and the potential viral transmissibility to specific-pathogen-free chickens in direct close contact with experimentally infected pigeons. no pigeons from the a/goose/eastern china/xin/2015 (gs/xin) group exhibited clinical signs or mortality, and the virus was only detected in a few organs. ... | 2020 | 32768222 |
| vaccine efficacy on the novel reassortant h9n2 virus in indonesia. | vaccination is one of the leading methods of controlling the spread of the avian influenza (ai) viruses in indonesia. the variety of circulating viruses and their ability to mutate must be followed by updating the vaccine master seed used in the field. in this study, we identified the reassortant h9n2 viruses in chicken farms that showed significant problems in decreased egg production with high mortality. the reassortant h9n2 viruses derived the pb2 gene from the h5n1 virus. the pathogenicity t ... | 2020 | 32785201 |
| understanding the motivation of western java smallholder broiler farmers to uptake measures against highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai). | understanding broiler farmers' intention toward highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) control is important to design successful hpai control programs. we used theory of planned behavior (tpb) to identify factors (i.e., attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control) associated with the intentions of western-java small-scale broiler farmers toward implementing cleaning and disinfection (c&d), vaccination, reporting, and stamping-out without or with 50% compensation. for this, 203 ... | 2020 | 32793640 |
| avian influenza surveillance at the human-animal interface in lebanon, 2017. | avian influenza viruses (aivs) cause severe diseases in poultry and humans. in lebanon, aiv h9n2 was detected in 2006 and 2010 and h5n1 was detected in 2016. | 2020 | 32794162 |
| experimental infection of domestic geese (anser anser var. domesticus) with h5n8 gs/gd and h7n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. | prior to the emergence of the asian-origin h5 goose/guangdong/1/96 (gs/gd) lineage, highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (hpaiv) had rarely caused high mortalities in domestic geese. in 2016/2017 european epidemics, h5n8 gs/gd clade 2.3.4.4 group b produced an unprecedented number of outbreaks in waterfowl holdings. in this study, the pathogenesis of h5n8 hpaiv in comparison with h7n1 hpaiv, and the role of domestic geese in the epidemiology of these viruses, were evaluated. local and comme ... | 2020 | 32795171 |
| l226q mutation on influenza h7n9 virus hemagglutinin increases receptor-binding avidity and leads to biased antigenicity evaluation. | since the first outbreak in 2013, the influenza a (h7n9) virus has continued emerging and has caused over five epidemic waves. suspected antigenic changes of the h7n9 virus based on hemagglutination inhibition (hi) assay during the fifth outbreak have prompted the update of h7n9 candidate vaccine viruses (cvvs). in this study, we comprehensively compared the serological cross-reactivities induced by the hemagglutinins (has) of the earlier cvv a/anhui/1/2013 (h7/ah13) and the updated a/guangdong/ ... | 2020 | 32796071 |
| interleukin 12-containing influenza virus-like-particle vaccine elevate its protective activity against heterotypic influenza virus infection. | to produce monovalent and bivalent influenza vaccines composed of virus-like particles (vlps) containing hemagglutinin (ha), we generated four recombinant baculoviruses derived from bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (bmnpv) and autographa california nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv). monovalent fukushima (a/tufted duck/fukushima/16/2011 [h5n1]) (fkh5) and anhui (a/anhui/1/2013 [h7n9]) (anh7) vlp influenza vaccines were produced in silkworm pupae infected with fkh5-bmnpv or anh7-bmnpv. to p ... | 2020 | 32802975 |
| analysis of mirnas and their target genes associated with mucosal damage caused by transport stress in the mallard duck intestine. | bowel health is an important factor for duck rearing that has been linked to feed uptake and growth and death rates. because the regulatory networks associated with acute stress-mediated injury in the duck gastrointestinal tract have not clearly elucidated, we aimed to explore potential mirna-mrna pairs and their regulatory roles in oxidative stress injury caused by transport stress. here, 1-day-old mallard ducklings from the same breeder flock were collected and transported for 8 h, whereas the ... | 2020 | 32810175 |
| influenza a virus is transmissible via aerosolized fomites. | influenza viruses are presumed, but not conclusively known, to spread among humans by several possible routes. we provide evidence of a mode of transmission seldom considered for influenza: airborne virus transport on microscopic particles called "aerosolized fomites." in the guinea pig model of influenza virus transmission, we show that the airborne particulates produced by infected animals are mainly non-respiratory in origin. surprisingly, we find that an uninfected, virus-immune guinea pig w ... | 2020 | 32811826 |
| generation of a recombinant chickenized monoclonal antibody against the neuraminidase of h9n2 avian influenza virus. | we previously reported a monoclonal antibody (mab), 1g8, against the neuraminidase (na) of h9n2 avian influenza virus (aiv) with significant na inhibitory activity. to generate a recombinant chickenized mab (rcmab) against the na of h9n2 aiv for passive immunization in poultry, the gene of the fragment of antigen binding (fab) of mab 1g8 was cloned and fused with the fragment crystallizable (fc) gene of chicken igy. the rcmab 1g8 was expressed in cos-1 cells and could be detected in cell culture ... | 2020 | 32816156 |
| the genome sequence of an h6n5 influenza a virus strain isolated from a northern pintail (anas acuta) sampled in alaska, usa, shares high identity with that of a south korean wild bird strain. | we report the genome sequence of an h6n5 influenza a virus isolated from a northern pintail sampled in alaska in 2017. all segment sequences shared >99% nucleotide identity with those of a wild bird strain from south korea. this finding supports viral dispersal between east asia and north america by wild birds. | 2020 | 32817149 |
| continuous reassortment of clade 2.3.4.4 h5n6 highly pathogenetic avian influenza viruses demonstrating high risk to public health. | since it firstly emerged in china in 2013, clade 2.3.4.4 h5n6 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (hpaivs) has rapidly replaced predominant h5n1 to become the dominant h5 subtype in china, especially in ducks. not only endemic in china, it also crossed the geographical barrier and emerged in south korea, japan, and europe. here, we analyzed the genetic properties of the clade 2.3.4.4 h5n6 hpaivs with full genome sequences available online together with our own isolates. phylogenetic analys ... | 2020 | 32824873 |
| anti-influenza protective efficacy of a h6 virus-like particle in chickens. | h6 avian influenza viruses (aivs) have a worldwide distribution, and they pose a potential concern for public health. in taiwan, h6 aivs have circulated in domestic chickens for more than 40 years, and certain strains have crossed the species barrier to infect mammals. with the goal of containing the disease, there is a pressing need to develop a safe and effective vaccine for pandemic preparedness. in this study, we prepared a virus-like particle (vlp) that consisted of the hemagglutinin (ha) a ... | 2020 | 32825685 |
| population genomic transformations induced by isolation of wild bird avian influenza viruses (orthomyxoviridae) in embryonated chicken eggs. | isolation and cultivation of wild-type viruses in model organism cells or tissues is standard practice in virology. oftentimes, the virus host species is distantly related to the species from which the culture system was developed. thus, virus culture in these tissues and cells basically constitutes a host jump, which can lead to genomic changes through genetic drift and/or adaptation to the culture system. we directly sequenced 70 avian influenza virus (orthomyxoviridae) genomes from oropharyng ... | 2020 | 32827730 |
| taishan pinus massoniana pollen polysaccharide inhibits h9n2 subtype influenza virus infection both in vitro and in vivo. | the h9n2 subtype avian influenza virus (aiv) is one of the most prevalent aiv subtypes that can be found throughout most countries. currently, due to the neglect of low pathogenic avian influenza virus (lpaiv) and monotonous control technique, an expanding h9n2 virus epizootic have been arisen and causes great economic losses in the poultry industry. therefore, novel anti-influenza drugs are necessary for the prevention and control of h9n2 aiv. our previous studies have found that taishan pinus ... | 2020 | 32827926 |
| detection of pb2 627 k mutation in two highly pathogenic isolates of the h7n9 subtype influenza a virus from chickens in northern china. | 2020 | 32828821 | |
| co-infection of salmonella enteritidis with h9n2 avian influenza virus in chickens. | salmonella and avian influenza virus are important pathogens affecting the poultry industry and human health worldwide. in this experimental study, we evaluated the consequences of co-infection of salmonella enteritidis (se) with h9n2 avian influenza virus (h9n2-aiv) in chickens. four groups were included: control group, h9n2-aiv group, h9n2-aiv + se group, and se group. infected chickens were intranasally inoculated with h9n2-aiv at 21 days of age and then orally administered se on the same day ... | 2020 | 32835500 |
| the emergence of h7n7 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus from low pathogenicity avian influenza virus using an in ovo embryo culture model. | outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv) often result in the infection of millions of poultry, causing up to 100% mortality. hpaiv has been shown to emerge from low pathogenicity avian influenza virus (lpaiv) in field outbreaks. direct evidence for the emergence of h7n7 hpaiv from a lpaiv precursor with a rare di-basic cleavage site (dbcs) was identified in the uk in 2008. the dbcs contained an additional basic amino acid compared to commonly circulating lpaivs that harbor a ... | 2020 | 32839404 |
| poultry farmer response to disease outbreaks in smallholder farming systems in southern vietnam. | avian influenza outbreaks have been occurring on smallholder poultry farms in asia for two decades. farmer responses to these outbreaks can slow down or accelerate virus transmission. we used a longitudinal survey of 53 small-scale chicken farms in southern vietnam to investigate the impact of outbreaks with disease-induced mortality on harvest rate, vaccination, and disinfection behaviors. we found that in small broiler flocks (≤16 birds/flock) the estimated probability of harvest was 56% highe ... | 2020 | 32840482 |
| comparison of autogenous and commercial h9n2 avian influenza vaccines in a challenge with recent dominant virus. | avian influenza (ai) caused by ai virus subtype h9n2 is a prevalent viral disease with enormous economic losses in poultry farms through significant respiratory and gastrointestinal manifestations. the degree of protection obtained from a vaccine strongly depends on the level of antigenic similarity between challenge and vaccine virus. | 2020 | 32849889 |
| low pathogenic avian influenza virus isolates with different levels of defective genome segments vary in pathogenicity and transmission efficiency. | defective interfering particles (dips) of influenza virus are generated through incorporation of highly truncated forms of genome segments, mostly those coding polymerase complex proteins (pb2, pb1, pa). such particles are able to replicate only in the presence of a virus with the complete genome, thus dips may alter the infection outcome by suppressing production of standard virus particles, but also by stimulating the immune response. in the present study we compared the clinical outcome, mort ... | 2020 | 32859269 |
| recombinant hemagglutinin glycoproteins provide insight into binding to host cells by h5 influenza viruses in wild and domestic birds. | clade 2.3.4.4, h5 subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (hpaivs) have caused devastating effects across wild and domestic bird populations. we investigated differences in the intensity and distribution of the hemagglutinin (ha) glycoprotein binding of a clade 2.3.4.4 h5 hpaiv compared to a h5 low pathogenic avian influenza virus (lpaiv). recombinant ha from gene sequences from a hpaiv, a/northern pintail/washington/40964/2014(h5n2) and a lpaiv, a/mallard/mn/410/2000(h5n2) were genera ... | 2020 | 32861143 |
| assessing the efficacy of a recombinant h9n2 avian influenza virus-inactivated vaccine. | the h9n2 avian influenza virus has been widely spread in poultry around the world. it is proved to the world that the avian influenza virus can directly infect human beings without any intermediate host adaptation in "1997 hong kong avian influenza case," which shows that the avian influenza virus not only causes significant losses to the poultry industry but also affects human health. in this study, we aimed to address the problem of low protection of avian h9n2 subtype influenza virus vaccine ... | 2020 | 32867977 |
| serological screening of influenza a virus antibodies in cats and dogs indicates frequent infection with different subtypes. | influenza a viruses (iavs) infect humans and a variety of other animal species. infections with some subtypes of iav were also reported in domestic cats and dogs. in addition to animal health implications, close contact between companion animals and humans also poses a potential risk of zoonotic iav infections. in this study, serum samples from different cat and dog cohorts were analyzed for iav antibodies against seven iav subtypes, using three distinctive iav-specific assays differing in iav s ... | 2020 | 32878956 |
| serological evidence of avian influenza in captive wild birds in a zoo and two safari parks in bangladesh. | avian influenza (ai) is endemic and frequently causes seasonal outbreaks in winter in bangladesh due to high pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n1 and low pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) h9n2. among avian influenza a viruses (aiv), h5, h7, and h9 subtypes have the most zoonotic potential. captive birds in zoos and safari parks are used for educational, recreational, breeding, and conservational purposes in bangladesh. to screen for aiv in captive birds to assess potential public health threat ... | 2020 | 32882787 |
| efficacy evaluation of commercial vaccines against circulating filed isolates of avian influenza h9n2 and infectious bronchitis viruses in broiler chickens. | 2020 | 32896117 | |
| continued evolution of h5nx avian influenza viruses in bangladeshi live poultry markets: pathogenic potential in poultry and mammalian models. | the genesis of novel influenza viruses through reassortment poses a continuing risk to public health. this is of particular concern in bangladesh, where highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses of the a(h5n1) subtype are endemic and cocirculate with other influenza viruses. active surveillance of avian influenza viruses in bangladeshi live poultry markets detected three a(h5) genotypes, designated h5n1-r1, h5n1-r2, and h5n2-r3, that arose from reassortment of a(h5n1) clade 2.3.2.1a viruses. the ... | 2020 | 32907981 |
| swine micrornas ssc-mir-221-3p and ssc-mir-222 restrict the cross-species infection of avian influenza virus. | avian influenza virus (aiv) can cross species barriers to infect humans and other mammals. however, these species-cross transmissions are most often dead-end infections due to host restriction. current research about host restriction focuses mainly on the barriers of cell membrane, nuclear envelope, and host proteins; whether micrornas (mirnas) play a role in host restriction is largely unknown. in this study, we used porcine alveolar macrophage (pam) cells as a model to elucidate the role of mi ... | 2020 | 32907982 |
| molecular survey of respiratory and immunosuppressive pathogens associated with low pathogenic avian influenza h9n2 subtype and virulent newcastle disease viruses in commercial chicken flocks. | the study was carried out in 48 poultry flocks to elucidate the roles of various complicating pathogens involved along with newcastle disease (nd)/ low pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) outbreaks. necropsy was conducted and samples were collected for the isolation of newcastle disease virus (ndv), influenza a virus, infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), pathogenic bacteria; molecular detection of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv), fowl adeno virus (fav), chicken anaemia virus (cav), mycopla ... | 2017 | 32908424 |
| orally administered recombinant baculovirus vaccine elicits partial protection against avian influenza virus infection in mice. | avian influenza outbreaks have placed a tremendous economic burden on the poultry industry, necessitating the need for an effective vaccine. although multiple vaccine candidates are available, its development is hindered by several drawbacks associated with the vaccine platforms and as such, more improvements to the vaccines are needed. therefore, in this study, the vaccine efficacy in the murine models was assessed prior to evaluation in chickens. an oral recombinant baculovirus (rbv) vaccine e ... | 2020 | 32910984 |
| pathobiology of the highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses h7n1 and h5n8 in different chicken breeds and role of mx 2032 g/a polymorphism in infection outcome. | chickens are highly susceptible to highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (hpaivs). however, the severity of infection varies depending of the viral strain and the genetic background of the host. in this study, we evaluated the pathogenesis of two hpaivs (h7n1 and h5n8) and assessed the susceptibility to the infection of local and commercial chicken breeds from spain. eight chicken breeds were intranasally inoculated with 105 eld50 of a/chicken/italy/5093/1999 (h7n1) or a/goose/spain/ia17cr02 ... | 2020 | 32912265 |
| lactobacillus plantarum surface-displayed influenza antigens (np-m2) with flic flagellin stimulate generally protective immune responses against h9n2 influenza subtypes in chickens. | the h9n2 avian influenza virus (aiv) causes serious economic losses to the poultry industry every year. vaccines that induce a mucosal immune response may be successful against influenza virus infection because its transmission occurs primarily in the mucosa. to develop novel and potent oral vaccines based on lactobacillus plantarum (l. plantarum) to control the spread of aiv in poultry industry, in the present study, we constructed and expressed fusions of the influenza antigens np and m2 with ... | 2020 | 32919197 |
| enterotropism of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus h5n8 from the 2016/2017 epidemic in some wild bird species. | in 2016/2017, h5n8 highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) virus of the goose/guangdong lineage spread from asia to europe, causing the biggest and most widespread hpai epidemic on record in wild and domestic birds in europe. we hypothesized that the wide dissemination of the 2016 h5n8 virus resulted at least partly from a change in tissue tropism from the respiratory tract, as in older hpaiv viruses, to the intestinal tract, as in low pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) viruses, allowing more ef ... | 2020 | 32928280 |
| avian influenza virus prevalence and subtype diversity in wild birds in shanghai, china, 2016-2018. | from 2016 to 2018, surveillance of influenza a viruses in wild birds was conducted in shanghai, located at the east asian-australian flyway, china. a total of 5112 samples from 51 species of wild birds were collected from three different wetlands. the total three-year prevalence of influenza a viruses among them was 8.8%, as assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) methods, and the total prevalence was higher in anseriformes (26.3%) than in the charadriiformes (2.3%) and the othe ... | 2020 | 32948009 |
| effectiveness of a simultaneous rhvt-f(nd) and rhvt-h5(ai) vaccination of day-old chickens and the influence of ndv- and aiv-specific mda on immune response and conferred protection. | the recombinant herpesvirus of turkey (rhvt) vaccines targeting newcastle disease (nd) and h5nx avian influenza (ai) have been demonstrated efficient in chickens when used individually at day-old. given the practical field constraints associated with administering two vaccines separately and in the absence of a currently available bivalent rhvt vector vaccine expressing both f(nd) and h5(ai) antigens, the aim of this study was to investigate whether interference occurs between the two vaccines w ... | 2020 | 32948028 |
| genetic characterization of a novel genotype h9n2 avian influenza virus from chicken in south china. | 2020 | 32956732 | |
| the pathogenesis of a north american h5n2 clade 2.3.4.4 group a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in surf scoters (melanitta perspicillata). | aquatic waterfowl, particularly those in the order anseriformes and charadriiformes, are the ecological reservoir of avian influenza viruses (aivs). dabbling ducks play a recognized role in the maintenance and transmission of aivs. furthermore, the pathogenesis of highly pathogenic aiv (hpaiv) in dabbling ducks is well characterized. in contrast, the role of diving ducks in hpaiv maintenance and transmission remains unclear. in this study, the pathogenesis of a north american a/goose/1/guangdong ... | 2020 | 32967673 |
| a highly pathogenic h5n1 influenza a virus isolated from a flamingo on the caspian sea shore. | in 2015, in the kazakh part of the northern caspian sea region, during the monitoring of wild birds for avian influenza viruses, a highly pathogenic a/flamingo/mangistau/6570/2015(h5n1) influenza virus was isolated from a dead flamingo. this study aimed to obtain the complete genome sequence of the isolate. | 2020 | 32972927 |
| experimental infection and pathology of two highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n1 viruses isolated from crow and chicken in house crows (corvus splendens). | we investigated the experimental infection of two highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n1 viruses isolated from crow (a/crow/assam/142119/2008) and chicken (a/chicken/sikkim/151466/2009) in house crows (corvus splendens). both viruses caused infection in crows, where four out of six and three out of six crows succumbed to h5n1 infection within 11 days post challenge by crow and chicken viruses, respectively. the major clinical signs in crows were wing paralysis, circling and torticollis. the viru ... | 2020 | 32985206 |
| research note: rapid detection of avian infectious laryngotracheitis virus with real-time fluorescence-based recombinase-aided amplification. | in this study, specific primers and fluorescent probes were designed to target the thymidine kinase (tk) gene sequence of avian infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv). through specificity and sensitivity tests, a real-time fluorescence-based recombinase-aided amplification (rf-raa) method for detecting iltv was established. the results showed that the method was specific and could be used to accurately detect iltv, and there was no cross-reaction with newcastle disease virus (ndv), avian infl ... | 2020 | 32988516 |
| analysis of the codon usage pattern of ha and na genes of h7n9 influenza a virus. | novel h7n9 influenza virus transmitted from birds to human and, since march 2013, it has caused five epidemic waves in china. although the evolution of h7n9 viruses has been investigated, the evolutionary changes associated with codon usage are still unclear. herein, the codon usage pattern of two surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na), was studied to understand the evolutionary changes in relation to host, epidemic wave, and pathogenicity. both genes displayed a low co ... | 2020 | 32992529 |
| characterization of avian influenza virus h10-h12 subtypes isolated from wild birds in shanghai, china from 2016 to 2019. | h10, h11 and h12 (h10-h12) subtypes of the avian influenza virus (aiv) are associated with waterfowl. although these subtypes of aiv are infrequently detected in nature, they can undergo reassortment with other aiv subtypes. few h10-h12 subtypes of aiv have been isolated from wild birds in china. in this study, 12 aiv isolates of h10-h12 subtypes were identified via routine surveillance of wild birds in shanghai, china from 2016 to 2019, including two h10, three h11 and seven h12 isolates. seque ... | 2020 | 32992999 |
| cross-protection by inactivated h5 pre-pandemic vaccine seed strains against diverse goose/guangdong lineage h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. | the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv) h5n1 a/goose/guangdong/1996 lineage (gs/gd) is endemic in poultry across several countries in the world, and has caused lethal, sporadic infections in humans. vaccines are important in hpai control for both poultry and in pre-pandemic preparedness in humans. this study assessed inactivated pre-pandemic vaccine strains in a one health framework, focusing on the genetic and antigenic diversity of field h5n1 gs/gd viruses from the agricultural sec ... | 2020 | 32999029 |
| migration, pathogens and the avian microbiome: a comparative study in sympatric migrants and residents. | animals generally benefit from their gastrointestinal microbiome, but the factors that influence the composition and dynamics of their microbiota remain poorly understood. studies of nonmodel host species can illuminate how microbiota and their hosts interact in natural environments. we investigated the role of migratory behaviour in shaping the gut microbiota of free-ranging barn swallows (hirundo rustica) by studying co-occurring migrant and resident subspecies sampled during the autumn migrat ... | 2020 | 33001530 |
| evaluation of vaccination strategies to control an avian influenza outbreak in french poultry production networks using evacs tool. | france recently faced two epizootic waves of highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) in poultry (h5n6 in 2015-2016 and h5n8 in 2016-2017), mainly in the fattening duck production sector. vaccination against avian influenza (ai) is currently not authorised in france even though its potential benefits were discussed during these epizootic events. the objective of this work was to evaluate the potential efficiency of different vaccination strategies that could be applied against ai in france. the ... | 2020 | 33002655 |
| natural and experimental persistence of highly pathogenic h5 influenza viruses in slurry of domestic ducks, with or without lime treatment. | infections by a/h5 and a/h7 avian influenza viruses (aivs) can cause acute disease and are therefore notifiable in poultry and wild birds. during winter 2015-2016, several cases of infection caused by highly pathogenic (hp) aivs belonging to the a/h5n1, a/h5n2 and a/h5n9 subtypes, were detected in south-western france. throughout winter 2016-2017, several cases of infections mainly caused by a/h5n8 hp aiv (a/gooses/gd/1/96 clade 2.3.4.4) were detected across europe. on both occasions, the viruse ... | 2020 | 33008818 |
| antiviral activity of a novel mixture of natural antimicrobials, in vitro, and in a chicken infection model in vivo. | the aim of this study was to test in vitro the ability of a mixture of citrus extract, maltodextrin, sodium chloride, lactic acid and citric acid (aurashield l) to inhibit the virulence of infectious bronchitis, newcastle disease, avian influenza, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) and bovine coronavirus viruses. secondly, in vivo, we have investigated its efficacy against infectious bronchitis using a broiler infection model. in vitro, these antimicrobials had expressed antivi ... | 2020 | 33024252 |
| phylogenetic analysis of hemagglutinin gene and evaluation of the viral shedding of h9n2 avian influenza viruses using real-time rt-pcr in spf chickens. | in recent years, the h9n2 influenzavirus has been circulating widely in poultry farms causing extensive damage. the hemagglutinin (ha) genes of the two virus isolates of h9n2 subtype in specific pathogen-free chickens were studied to determine the shedding rate in the host’s oropharyngeal and cloacal routes and their genetic relationship. the sequence analysis and phylogenetic study of the samples were performed by comparing each isolate with other h9n2 isolates in the gene bank. in th ... | 2020 | 33025774 |
| a fluorescence polarization immunoassay for the rapid detection of antibody against influenza a virus in chicken and goat sera. | highly pathogenic influenza a viruses (iavs) cause substantial damage to the poultry industry. a simple and quick testing method is required for strict control of this infectious agent. the fluorescence polarization immunoassay (fpia) is a rapid test based on antigen-antibody binding, which can detect antigen-specific antibody in the infected animal samples within a few minutes. fpia is a one-step reaction assay that does not require a secondary antibody and complicated steps. we evaluated the u ... | 2020 | 33025860 |