Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| [survival of vibrio parahaemolyticus serovar o3:k6 strains under acidic conditions]. | the survival of vibrio parahaemolyticus serovar o3:k6 strains and other serovars in the presence of acetic, citric and hydrochloric acids were studied. there were no differences in resistance to these acids between serovar o3:k6 and the other serovars. at ph 5.6, citric acid was more effective in reducing the number of viable cells of v. parahaemolyticus than acetic acid. however, at ph 4.5, acetic acid was more effective than citric acid. the number of viable cells decreased quickly in the pres ... | 2002 | 12092418 |
| a rapid and improved method for the detection of vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus strains grown on hydrophobic grid membrane filters. | dna probe-based detection methods were developed and characterized as an alternative to time-consuming and less specific conventional protocols. digoxigenin-labeled probes were prepared by polymerase chain reaction amplification of the targeted sequences in the specific amplicons generated from genomic dna. specific probes with high yields were generated for the detection of the tlh gene of vibrio parahaemolyticus and the cth gene of v. vulnificus. colony (southern) hybridization analyses were c ... | 2002 | 12092721 |
| growth and survival of vibrio parahaemolyticus in postharvest american oysters. | oysters at the retail stage of distribution generally contain greater densities of vibrio parahaemolyticus than do oysters at harvest. the objective of this study was to determine the effects of postharvest storage at 26 and 3 degrees c on the growth and survival of naturally occurring v. parahaemolyticus in shellstock american oysters (crassostrea virginica). oysters were collected monthly from may 1998 through april 1999 from mobile bay, alabama, and their v. parahaemolyticus densities were de ... | 2002 | 12092730 |
| litr, a new transcriptional activator in vibrio fischeri, regulates luminescence and symbiotic light organ colonization. | vibrio fischeri is the bacterial symbiont within the light-emitting organ of the sepiolid squid euprymna scolopes. upon colonizing juvenile squids, bacterial symbionts grow on host-supplied nutrients, while providing a bioluminescence that the host uses during its nocturnal activities. mutant bacterial strains that are unable to emit light have been shown to be defective in normal colonization. a 606 bp open reading frame was cloned from v. fischeri that encoded a protein, which we named litr, t ... | 2002 | 12100554 |
| asp(344) and thr(345) are critical for cation exchange mediated by nhad, na(+)/h(+) antiporter of vibrio cholerae. | the vc-nhad is an na(+)/h(+) antiporter from vibrio cholerae belonging to a new family of bacterial na(+)/h(+) antiporters, the nhad family. in the present work we mutagenized five conserved asp and glu residues and one conserved thr residue to ala in order to identify amino acids that are critical for the antiport activity. all mutations fall into two distinct groups: (i) four variants, glu(100)ala, glu(251)ala, glu(342)ala, and asp(393)ala, did not abolish antiport activity but shifted the ph ... | 2002 | 12101001 |
| cloning and characterization of a novel haemolysin in vibrio cholerae o1 that does not directly contribute to the virulence of the organism. | a previously undescribed haemolysin, distinct from the major vibrio cholerae o1 el tor haemolysin, hlya, was cloned from the o1 classical biotype strain z17561. this novel haemolysin showed 71.5% overall similarity to the delta-thermostable direct haemolysin of vibrio parahaemolyticus, and so it has been termed v. cholerae delta-thermostable haemolysin (vc-deltath, encoded by the dth gene). an orf found immediately downstream, which appears to be transcriptionally and translationally linked to d ... | 2002 | 12101305 |
| acute gastroenteritis associated with seafood privately imported from the pacific islands. | to investigate a potential link between consumption of food privately imported from the pacific islands and presentation with acute gastroenteritis to middlemore hospital emergency department. | 2002 | 12117174 |
| comparison of genome structures of vibrios, bacteria possessing two chromosomes. | vibrios are gram-negative gamma-proteobacteria which are ubiquitous in marine and estuarine environments. recently, we demonstrated that some, if not all, vibrio species have two circular chromosomes. the whole genome sequence of vibrio cholerae n16961 has been reported. in this study, we constructed a physical and genetic map of the genome of kanagawa phenomenon-positive vibrio parahaemolyticus strain kx-v237 and compared it with those of v. parahaemolyticus aq4673 and v. cholerae n16961. the g ... | 2002 | 12142404 |
| rapid detection of six types of bacterial pathogens in marine waters by multiplex pcr. | a rapid multiplex pcr (m-pcr) method that allows the simultaneous detection, in a single tube, of six commonly encountered waterborne pathogens is developed. the target genes used were: the aerolysin (aero) gene of aeromonas hydrophila, the invasion plasmid antigen h (ipah) gene of shigella flexneri, the attachment invasion locus (ail) gene of yersinia enterocolitca, the invasion plasmid antigen b (ipab) gene of salmonella typhimurium, the enterotoxin extracellular secretion protein (epsm) gene ... | 2002 | 12146868 |
| filamentous bacteriophages of vibrios are integrated into the dif-like site of the host chromosome. | the dif site is located in the replication terminus region of bacterial chromosomes, having a function of resolving dimeric chromosomes formed during replication. we demonstrate that filamentous bacteriophages of vibrios, such as f237 (vibrio parahaemolyticus) and ctxphi (v. cholerae), are integrated into the dif-like site of host chromosome. | 2002 | 12169621 |
| functional characterization of brucella melitensis normi, an efflux pump belonging to the multidrug and toxic compound extrusion family. | two putative proteins (normi and normii) similar to the multidrug efflux protein norm of vibrio parahaemolyticus are encoded by the brucella melitensis 16 m genome. we show that a drug-hypersusceptible escherichia coli strain overexpressing normi displays increased resistance to norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, tetraphenylphosphonium ion, acriflavine, and berberine. this elevated resistance was proven to be mediated by an energy-dependent efflux mechanism. normi belongs to the multidrug a ... | 2002 | 12183269 |
| [ct evaluation of infectious colitis]. | computed tomography (ct) is useful for evaluating the diagnosis of gastrointestinal disease, such as infectious colitis, in patients with severe pain and bloody diarrhea. during the 7 years between november 1993 and october 2000, 34 patients with infectious colitis (18 male, 16 female; mean age 42 +/- 19 yrs), received emergency ct and colonoscopy because of severe abdominal pain and dysentery. the following organisms were isolated: pathogenic escherichia coli (12), 6 of which were o157:h7 (o-15 ... | 2002 | 12229165 |
| evaluation of an immunochromatography strip assay for the detection of salmonella sp. from poultry. | the present study was conducted to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of an immunochromatography-based diagnostic kit for salmonella. the analytical sensitivity of the test when using pure colonies of different salmonella species was in the range of 1 x 10(4) to 1 x 10(5) colony-forming units per milliliter. the strip detected 19 of 22 strains of salmonella spp. but failed to detect s. worthington, s. choleraesuis var. kunzendorf and s. johannesburg. the strip did not detect 27 different e ... | 2002 | 12296399 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of thermostable direct hemolysin-related hemolysin gene of vibrio parahaemolyticus. | to establish a method for cloning thermostable direct hemolysin-related hemolysin (trh) gene of vibrio parahaemolyticus (vp). | 2002 | 12297472 |
| isolation and genetic characterization of a novel filamentous bacteriophage, a deleted form of phage f237, from a pandemic vibrio parahaemolyticus o4:k68 strain. | we isolated a filamentous bacteriophage, vfo4k68, from the pandemic vibrio parahaemolyticus strain belonging to 04:k68 serovar. the vfo4k68 dna lacked a 1,893-bp fragment present in that of the distinctive region of f237, a filamentous phage isolated from a pandemic 03:k6 strain (nasu, h. et al., j. clin. microbiol., 38, 2156-2161, 2000). the deletion resulted in the formation of a novel open reading frame (orf) that possesses homology to the orf 27 of eta phage and staphylococcal enterotoxin e ... | 2002 | 12363020 |
| vibrio parahaemolyticus scrabc, a novel operon affecting swarming and capsular polysaccharide regulation. | swarming is an adaptation of many bacteria to growth on surfaces. a search for genes controlling swarmer cell differentiation of vibrio parahaemolyticus identified a novel three-gene operon that potentially encodes a pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent enzyme, an extracellular solute-binding protein, and a membrane-bound ggdef- and eal-motif sensory protein. the functions of these motifs, which are named after conserved amino acid sequences, are unknown, although the domains are found singly and in co ... | 2002 | 12374828 |
| pcr and molecular detection for differentiating vibrio species. | vibriosis is an economically important disease of fish, marine invertebrates (particularly penaeid shrimps), and large marine mammals and is responsible for high mortality rates in aquaculture worldwide. some vibrio species are also responsible for zoonoses, whereas others are relatively nonpathogenic. using 16s- and 23s-based pcr reactions, we obtained species-specific patterns and a 470-bp band, respectively. dna sequences obtained on the 23s rrna gene allowed us to identify species-specific p ... | 2002 | 12381564 |
| usefulness of r72h pcr assay for differentiation between vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio alginolyticus species: validation by dna-dna hybridization. | we compared the efficiencies of biochemical methods and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the identification of vibrio parahaemolyticus strains. the 122 isolates studied, identified by biochemical tests as v. parahaemolyticus or vibrio alginolyticus, were tested by r72h pcr assay. the results obtained with the two methods were consistent for 90% of the strains studied. pcr amplification of the r72h fragment generated two unique amplicons, 387 bp and 320 bp in length. for 11% of the strains fro ... | 2002 | 12393193 |
| structure and binding mode of a ribosome recycling factor (rrf) from mesophilic bacterium. | x-ray and nmr analyses on ribosome recycling factors (rrfs) from thermophilic bacteria showed that they display a trna-like l-shaped conformation consisting of two domains. since then, it has been accepted that domain i, consisting of a three-helix bundle, corresponds to the anticodon arm of trna and domain ii and a beta/alpha/beta sandwich structure, corresponds to the acceptor arm. in this study, we obtained a rrf from a mesophilic bacterium, vibrio parahaemolyticus, by gene cloning and carrie ... | 2003 | 12411440 |
| clinical, epidemiological, and socioeconomic analysis of an outbreak of vibrio parahaemolyticus in khanh hoa province, vietnam. | from 1996 onward, a pandemic spread of vibrio parahaemolyticus infections due to one clone has been reported in several asian countries. during a population-based study that relied on passive surveillance, 548 cases of v. parahaemolyticus infection were detected between 1997 and 1999 in the khanh hoa province of vietnam. detection of cases of v. parahaemolyticus infection abruptly stopped in november 1999, although vibrio species other than v. parahaemolyticus continued to be isolated throughout ... | 2002 | 12447738 |
| [discovery of vibrio parahaemolyticus by tsunesaburo fujino]. | 2002 | 12451646 | |
| improved recovery of pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus from oysters using colony hybridization following enrichment. | the traditional streak plating and alternative spread-plating methods were compared for detection of pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus (vp) in oyster enrichments. we found the alternative method to be more efficient: it was quicker (2d vs. 3d) and had a significantly (p < 0.05) greater detection rate than streak plating. | 2003 | 12459249 |
| bactericidal activity of phlorotannins from the brown alga ecklonia kurome. | the bactericidal activity of phlorotannins from brown algae against food-borne pathogenic bacteria (25 strains), methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) (nine strains) and streptococcus pyogenes (one strain) was examined and compared with that of catechins. in addition, the effect of the oral administration of phlorotannins on mice was investigated. phlorotannins, which are oligomers of phloroglucinol, were extracted from thalli of the brown alga ecklonia kurome and prepared by silici ... | 2002 | 12461009 |
| characterization by pcr of vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates collected during the 1997-1998 chilean outbreak. | between november 1997 and april 1998, several human gastroenteritis cases were reported in antofagasta, a city in the north of chile. this outbreak was associated with the consumption of shellfish, and the etiologic agent responsible was identified as vibrio parahaemolyticus. this was the first report of this bacterium causing an epidemic in chile. v. parahaemolyticus was the only pathogenic bacterium isolated from patient stools and from shellfish samples. these isolates were analyzed by polyme ... | 2002 | 12462995 |
| automated postprocessing of electrospray lc/ms data for profiling protein expression in bacteria. | we describe an integrated approach for automating protein analysis of bacterial cell extracts. the method uses electrospray lc/ms to generate chromatographic profiles of proteins present in an extract, along with a software program that automates the data analysis. the software program, retana, automates the sequential summing, centroiding, and deconvolution of multiply charged proteins present in consecutive scans of the lc/ms analysis. this procedure generates a concise, single spectrum of pro ... | 2002 | 12463365 |
| phylogenetic study and identification of human pathogenic vibrio species based on partial hsp60 gene sequences. | the use of hsp60 gene sequences for phylogenetic study and identification of pathogenic marine vibrios was investigated. a 600-bp partial hsp60 gene was amplified by pcr and sequenced from 29 strains representing 15 vibrio species within the family vibrionaceae. sequence comparison of the amplified partial hsp60 gene revealed 71-82% sequence identity among different vibrio species and 96-100% sequence identity among epidemiologically distinct strains with the same species designation. this degre ... | 2002 | 12489780 |
| density of total and pathogenic (tdh+) vibrio parahaemolyticus in atlantic and gulf coast molluscan shellfish at harvest. | the densities of total and pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus in 671 samples of molluscan shellfish harvested in 1999 and 2000 from 14 sites in seven gulf and atlantic coast states were determined at 2-week intervals over a period of 12 to 16 months in each state. changes in v. parahaemolyticus densities in shellfish between harvest and sample analysis were minimized with time and temperature controls. densities were measured by direct plating techniques, and gene probes were used for identifica ... | 2002 | 12495004 |
| the recovery of heat-stressed vibrio parahaemolyticus in artificial seawater and artificial seawater supplemented with chitin microcosms. | 1997 | 12501344 | |
| acid adaptation induces cross-protection against some environmental stresses in vibrio parahaemolyticus. | the relationship of acid adaptation to the resistance of other environmental stresses was examined in vibrio parahaemolyticus. acid-adapted cells were found to have increased resistance to various stresses, including heat, crystal violet, bile, and deoxy cholic acid. however, heat-adapted cells showed no increased resistance against acid stress. adaptation required protein synthesis, since treatment with chloramphenicol during adaptation to ph 5.3 prevented the development of acid resistance. ac ... | 1999 | 12501372 |
| alkaline adaptation induces cross-protection against some environmental stresses and morphological change in vibrio parahaemolyticus. | the relationship between alkaline adaptation and the resistance against environmental stresses was examined in vibrio parahaemolyticus. alkali-adapted cells were found to have increased resistance against various stresses, including heat, crystal violet, deoxycholic acid, and hydrogen peroxide. however, alkali-adapted cells showed no increased resistance against acid stress and heat-adapted cells did not show increased resistance against alkaline stress. furthermore, alkaline treatment induced c ... | 2002 | 12501988 |
| serum antibody levels against select bacterial pathogens in atlantic bottlenose dolphins, tursiops truncatus, from beaufort nc usa and charleston harbor, charleston, sc, usa. | concern over the emergence of zoonotic diseases in marine organisms is growing. in response to this concern, this study set out to measure antibody activities against bacterial pathogens in atlantic bottlenose dolphins, tursiops truncatus, from the coastal estuaries of nc and sc, usa. individuals from charleston sc harbor, a heavily industrialized shipping harbor estuary, and from beaufort nc, a non-shipping estuary, were examined. purified igg was obtained from pooled sera using ammonium sulfat ... | 2003 | 12502036 |
| lysis of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus by 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol produced by pseudomonas sp. amsn isolated from a marine alga. | previously 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (dapg) produced by pseudomonas sp. amsn isolated from a marine alga, had demonstrated a high level of anti-methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) comparable with that of vancomycin. in this study, this substance had bacteriolytic activity against mrsa at 1 microg/ml as well as similar activity against vibrio parahaemolyticus at 24 microg/ml that suggests a novel antibacterial mode of action by this substance. heat and ph stability tests showed it ... | 2003 | 12507841 |
| the norm efflux pump of neisseria gonorrhoeae and neisseria meningitidis recognizes antimicrobial cationic compounds. | in neisseria gonorrhoeae and neisseria meningitidis, we identified a gene that would encode a protein highly similar to norm of vibrio parahaemolyticus (y. morita et al., antimicrob. agents chemother. 42:1778-1782, 1998). a nonpolar insertional mutation in either the gonococcal or meningococcal norm gene resulted in increased bacterial sensitivity to compounds harboring a quaternary ammonium on an aromatic ring (e.g., ethidium bromide, acriflavine hydrochloride, 2-n-methylellipticinium, and berb ... | 2003 | 12533487 |
| oyster-to-oyster variability in levels of vibrio parahaemolyticus. | this study examined the variability in the levels of total and pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus in individual oysters. twenty oysters were collected on three occasions (in june, july, and september 2001) from a site near mobile bay, ala. ten of these oysters were tested immediately, and 10 were tested after 24 h of storage at 26 degrees c. levels of total and pathogenic v. parahaemolyticus were determined by alkaline phosphatase-labeled dna probe procedures targeting the thermolabile hemolysin ... | 2003 | 12540193 |
| [antibiotic resistance and plasmid profiles of vibrio isolates from cultured sparus sarba]. | a total of 51 potential pathogenic vibrios were isolated from moribund silver seabream sparus sarba, which were collected from local fish farms of hong kong. all the isolates were classified and identified as 7 species by the api 20 e system and the scheme of alsina & blanch. these species were vibrio alginolyticus (24 strains), vibrio vulnificus (12 strains), vibrio parahaemolyticus(7 strains), vibrio logei(4 strains), vibrio pelagius ii(2 strains), vibrio fluvialis (1 strains) and vibrio medit ... | 1999 | 12555529 |
| genome sequence of vibrio parahaemolyticus: a pathogenic mechanism distinct from that of v cholerae. | vibrio parahaemolyticus, a gram-negative marine bacterium, is a worldwide cause of food-borne gastroenteritis. v parahaemolyticus strains of a few specific serotypes, probably derived from a common clonal ancestor, have lately caused a pandemic of gastroenteritis. the organism is phylogenetically close to v cholerae, the causative agent of cholera. | 2003 | 12620739 |
| seasonal abundance of total and pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus in alabama oysters. | recent vibrio parahaemolyticus outbreaks associated with consumption of raw shellfish in the united states focused attention on the occurrence of this organism in shellfish. from march 1999 through september 2000, paired oyster samples were collected biweekly from two shellfish-growing areas in mobile bay, ala. the presence and densities of v. parahaemolyticus were determined by using dna probes targeting the thermolabile hemolysin (tlh) and thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) genes for confirma ... | 2003 | 12620838 |
| potentiality of a new compound for in vitro differentiation between halophilic and non-halophilic vibrios. | sensitivity of 21 halophilic vibrios and 16 clinical isolates of non-halophilic vibrios was determined against a new possible antivibrio agent, a pyrimidine analogue, 4, 6-dimethylpyrimidine -2-thiol (4,6-dmpt). it appeared to be a vibriocidal agent, having a mean mic and mbc of 32 microg/ml for halophilic strains and 64 microg/ml for non-halophilic strains and an ld50 of 300 mg/kg body weight of mice. thus, 4,6-dmpt may help an in vitro distinction between halophilic and non-halophilic vibrios. ... | 2002 | 12622188 |
| intercalation activating fluorescence dna probe and its application to homogeneous quantification of a target sequence by isothermal sequence amplification in a closed vessel. | we developed a completely homogeneous and isothermal method of detecting rna sequences and demonstrated ultrarapid and direct quantification of pathogenic gene expression with high sensitivity. the assay is based on performing isothermal rna sequence amplification in the presence of our novel dna probe, an intercalation activating fluorescence dna probe, and measuring the fluorescence intensity of the reaction mixture. when detecting meca gene expression of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus a ... | 2003 | 12633605 |
| detection of pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus in oyster enrichments by real time pcr. | a real time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was developed and evaluated to detect the presence of the thermostable direct hemolysin gene (tdh), a current marker of pathogenicity in vibrio parahaemolyticus. the real time pcr fluorogenic probe and primer set was tested against a panel of numerous strains from 13 different bacterial species. only v. parahaemolyticus strains possessing the tdh gene generated a fluorescent signal, and no cross-reaction was observed with tdh negative vibrio or n ... | 2003 | 12654486 |
| detection of pathogenic bacteria in shellfish using multiplex pcr followed by covalink nh microwell plate sandwich hybridization. | outbreak of diseases associated with consumption of raw shellfish especially oysters is a major concern to the seafood industry and public health agencies. a multiplex pcr amplification of targeted gene segments followed by dna-dna sandwich hybridization was optimized to detect the etiologic agents. first, a multiplex pcr amplification of hns, spvb, vvh, ctx and tl was developed enabling simultaneous detection of total salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium, vibrio vulnificus, vibrio cholerae ... | 2003 | 12654491 |
| vibrio rotiferianus sp. nov., isolated from cultures of the rotifer brachionus plicatilis. | five gram-negative bacterial strains, oxidase-positive, motile by means of more than one polar flagella, facultative anaerobe, arginine dihydrolase-negative, lysine- and omithine decarboxylase-positive, sensitive to the vibriostatic agent o/129, were isolated from a flow-through rotifer culture system in gent, belgium, and previously characterized by fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism. comparison of the 16s rdna sequence of strain lmg 21460t indicated close relationships (approxi ... | 2003 | 12656179 |
| adaptive and inflammatory immune responses in patients infected with strains of vibrio parahaemolyticus. | in patients with diarrhea caused by vibrio parahaemolyticus, antibody-secreting cell responses to thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh), lipopolysaccharide (lps), and whole-cell bacteria were seen. tdh- and lps-specific responses were seen in serum samples, and immunoglobulin a antibody responses were observed in stool. levels of c-reactive protein and nitric oxide metabolites increased in the systemic circulation at the onset of illness. tumor necrosis factor-alpha and lactoferrin levels were hig ... | 2003 | 12660923 |
| pcr detection of a newly emerged pandemic vibrio parahaemolyticus o3:k6 pathogen in pure cultures and seeded waters from the gulf of mexico. | this study describes the optimization of pcr parameters and testing of a wide number of microbial species to establish a highly specific and sensitive pcr-based method of detection of a newly emerged pandemic vibrio parahaemolyticus o3:k6 strain in pure cultures and seeded waters from the gulf of mexico (gulf water). the selected open reading frame 8 (orf8) dna-specific oligonucleotide primers tested were found to specifically amplify all 35 pathogenic v. parahaemolyticus o3:k6 pandemic isolates ... | 2003 | 12676700 |
| inactivation of bacteria in seawater by low-amperage electric current. | seawater used in mariculture has been suspected of being a potential source of infection. in this study, the lethal effects of low-amperage electric treatment on microorganisms were examined in natural seawater and in seawater inoculated with vibrio parahaemolyticus. in both cases, bacteria including v. parahaemolyticus in seawater were completely eliminated in 100 ms by a 0.5-a, 12-v direct current. electron microscopic investigation of the electrically treated bacteria revealed substantial str ... | 2003 | 12676730 |
| application of a microchamber array for dna amplification using a novel dispensing method. | we recently developed a microchamber array chip for dna amplification by adopting semiconductor microfabrication technology; a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was performed in the microchamber array, and the amplified dna was detected using a fluorescent dye. in order to manipulate a single cell or sample into each microchamber individually in this system, the chip was directly sealed with a cover glass slip which impeded the retrieval of the products from each chamber. the present study was the ... | 2002 | 12680464 |
| representation, dispersion, and variation of bacterial indicators in the coastal waters of nagore (east coast of india). | the occurrence of bacterial indicators in the coastal waters of nagore on the east coast of india was studied during two monsoon and nonmonsoon cycles from 1995 to1996. proteus/klebsiella, vibrio parahaemolyticus, and total coliforms were typically present at a mean level of 10(9) colony-forming units/g dry sediment, whereas other indicators such as salmonella, shigella, and v. cholerae were at the 10(5) level. in the water column, total coliforms and salmonella were 2 to 3 orders of magnitude l ... | 2003 | 12683465 |
| structure and serological characterization of 5,7-diamino-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxy-non-2-ulosonic acid isolated from lipopolysaccharides of vibrio parahaemolyticus o2 and o-untypable strain kx-v212. | lipopolysaccharides (lps) of vibrio parahaemolyticus o2 and o-untypable (out) strain (kx-v212) isolated from an individual patient were shown to contain 5,7-diamino-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxy-non-2-ulosonic acid (nonla), which was readily released from lps by mild acid hydrolysis. in the present study, we investigated the chemical and serological properties of nonla isolated from lps of v. parahaemolyticus o2 and out kx-v212. gc-ms and nmr analysis identified the nonla from lps of o2 to be 5,7-diacetami ... | 2003 | 12706971 |
| structural analysis of the carbohydrate backbone of vibrio parahaemolyticus o2 lipopolysaccharides. | a structural investigation has been carried out on the carbohydrate backbone of vibrio parahaemolyticus o2 lipopolysaccharides (lps) isolated by dephosphorylation, o-deacylation and n-deacylation. the carbohydrate backbone is a short-chain saccharide consisting of nine monosaccharide units i.e., 1 mol each of d-galactose (gal), d-glucose (glc), d-glucuronic acid (glca), l-glycero-d-manno-heptose (l,d-hep), d-glycero-d-manno-heptose (d,d-hep), 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (kdo), 5,7-diacet ... | 2003 | 12706972 |
| flagellar basal body flg operon as a virulence determinant of vibrio vulnificus. | vibrio vulnificus, a halophilic estuarine bacterium causing a rapidly progressing fatal septicemia, is highly cytotoxic to eukaryotic cells. to identify new virulence factors associated with cytotoxicity, we constructed a mariner-based transposon (tn himar1) library of the highly virulent clinical isolate mo6-24/o having a double mutation in the hemolysin and protease genes. the himar1 mutant library was extensively screened for the mutants showing decreased cytotoxicity to hela cells. we select ... | 2003 | 12711330 |
| [vibrios (vibrio cholerae, v. parahaemolyticus, v. vulnificus)]. | 2003 | 12718054 | |
| [noncholera vibrio infections (v. parahaemolyticus, v. vulnificus and others)]. | 2003 | 12718068 | |
| an iron-regulated gene required for utilization of aerobactin as an exogenous siderophore in vibrio parahaemolyticus. | a previous investigation using the fur titration assay system showed that vibrio parahaemolyticus possesses a gene encoding a protein homologous to iuta, the outer-membrane receptor for ferric aerobactin in escherichia coli. in this study, a 5.6 kb dna region from the v. parahaemolyticus wp1 genome was cloned and two entire genes, iuta and alcd homologues, were identified which are absent from vibrio cholerae genomic sequences. the v. parahaemolyticus iuta and alcd proteins share 43 % identity w ... | 2003 | 12724383 |
| [effect of irradiation on the shelf-life of aquatic products]. | the effect of irradiation at doses of 0-10 kgy on the shelf-life of aquatic products was determined. the results showed that irradiation could not prolong the shelf-life of aquatic products kept at 25 degrees c. while the aquatic products were kept at refrigerator (4 degrees c), the irradiation could prolong the shelf-life and effectively reduce the total aerobic plate count. irradiation could effectively reduce the number of coliform to less than 300/kg and eliminate shigella shigae, salmonella ... | 2000 | 12725095 |
| the urease gene cluster of vibrio parahaemolyticus does not influence the expression of the thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) gene or the tdh-related hemolysin gene. | in order to investigate why the thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) and the tdh-related hemolysin (trh) of vibrio parahaemolyticus are produced at low levels from urease-positive strains, the effect of the functional urease gene cluster of v. parahaemolyticus on the expression of the tdh and trh genes was examined. transcriptional lacz fusions with the tdh1, tdh2, trh1 and trh2 genes representing variants of the tdh and trh genes were integrated into the chromosome of an escherichia coli strain ... | 2003 | 12725294 |
| bactericidal effect of tio2 photocatalyst on selected food-borne pathogenic bacteria. | titanium dioxide (tio(2)) photocatalysts have attracted great attention as a material for photocatalytic sterilization in the food and environmental industry. this research aimed to design a new photobioreactor and its application to sterilize selected food borne pathogenic bacteria, salmonella choleraesuis subsp., vibrio parahaemolyticus, and listeria monocytogenes. the photocatalytic reaction was carried out with various tio(2) concentrations and ultraviolet (uv) illumination time. a feasible ... | 2003 | 12729712 |
| a polar flagella operon (flg) of aeromonas hydrophila contains genes required for lateral flagella expression. | aeromonas spp. are pathogens of both humans and poikilothermic animals, causing a variety of diseases. certain strains are able to produce two distinct types of flagella; polar flagella for swimming in liquid and lateral flagella for swarming over surfaces. although, both types of flagella have been associated as colonisation factors, little is known about their organisation and expression. here we characterised a complete flagellar locus of aeromonas hydrophila (flg) containing 16 genes, this w ... | 2003 | 12732473 |
| application of polymerase chain reaction for detection of vibrio parahaemolyticus associated with tropical seafoods and coastal environment. | to study the incidence of vibrio parahaemolyticus in seafoods, water and sediment by molecular techniques vs conventional microbiological methods. | 2003 | 12753253 |
| vibrio parahaemolyticus infectious for both humans and edible mollusk abalone. | the aims of this study are to report evidence of the first laboratory-acquired infection of vibrio parahaemolyticus associated with handling experimentally infected abalones and to describe the virulence of the two bacterial strains tested in these animals. two strains of v. parahaemolyticus, one from the stool of a patient with acute gastroenteritis (strain 880713) and the other from the hemolymph of a diseased small abalone haliotis diversicolor supertexta (strain 880915), were identified and ... | 2003 | 12758276 |
| study of capsular polysaccharide from vibrio parahaemolyticus. | the leading cause of food poisoning in both taiwan and japan is vibrio parahaemolyticus infection, whose mechanism of enteropathogenesis is still unclear. to evaluate whether surface components are responsible for the intestinal adhesion of v. parahaemolyticus, we have developed a novel method for isolating the capsular polysaccharide (cps) from v. parahaemolyticus (serotype o4:k8). we found that culturing of v. parahaemolyticus in broth for 1 week or more changed the colony form of the bacteria ... | 2003 | 12761115 |
| response of vibrio parahaemolyticus 03:k6 to a hot water/cold shock pasteurization process. | vibrio vulnificus and v. parahaemolyticus are natural inhabitants of estuarine environments world wide. pathogenic strains of these bacteria are often transmitted to humans through consumption of raw oysters, which flourish in the same estuaries. previous studies reported the effective use of hot water pasteurization followed by cold shock to eliminate from raw oysters naturally and artificially incurred environmental strains of v. vulnificus and v. parahaemolyticus common to the gulf of mexico. ... | 2003 | 12775474 |
| flra, a sigma54-dependent transcriptional activator in vibrio fischeri, is required for motility and symbiotic light-organ colonization. | flagellum-mediated motility of vibrio fischeri is an essential factor in the bacterium's ability to colonize its host, the hawaiian squid euprymna scolopes. to begin characterizing the nature of the flagellar regulon, we have cloned a gene, designated flra, from v. fischeri that encodes a putative sigma(54)-dependent transcriptional activator. genetic arrangement of the flra locus in v. fischeri is similar to motility master-regulator operons of vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahaemolyticus. in ad ... | 2003 | 12775692 |
| the good, the bad and the ugly? | 2003 | 12781519 | |
| the complete sequence of marine bacteriophage vpv262 infecting vibrio parahaemolyticus indicates that an ancestral component of a t7 viral supergroup is widespread in the marine environment. | the 46,012-bp sequence of the marine bacteriophage vpv262 infecting the bacterium vibrio parahaemolyticus is reported. the vpv262 sequence reveals that it is a distant relative of marine roseophage sio1, and an even more distant relative of coliphage t7. vpv262 and sio1 appear to represent a widespread marine phage group that lacks an rna polymerase gene and is ancestral to the t7-like phages. we propose that this group together with the t7-like phages be designated as the t7 supergroup. the anc ... | 2003 | 12781722 |
| density-dependent sorting of physiologically different cells of vibrio parahaemolyticus. | a pure bacterial culture is composed of clonal cells in different physiological states. separation of those subpopulations is critical for further characterization and for understanding various processes in the cultured cells. we used density-dependent cell sorting with percoll to separate subpopulations from cultures of a marine bacterium, vibrio parahaemolyticus. cells from cultures in the exponential and stationary phases were fractionated according to their buoyant density, and their cultura ... | 2003 | 12788764 |
| inactivation by ionizing radiation of salmonella enteritidis, salmonella infantis, and vibrio parahaemolyticus in oysters (crassostrea brasiliana). | irradiation is considered one of the most efficient technological processes for the reduction of microorganisms in food. it can be used to improve the safety of food products, and to extend their shelf lives. oysters are considered one of the most important vehicles for pathogenic bacteria because of their feeding characteristics. the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of a gamma radiation process on high levels of salmonella enteritidis, salmonella infantis, and vibrio parahaemolyt ... | 2003 | 12801004 |
| prevalence and serodiversity of the pandemic clone among the clinical strains of vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated in southern thailand. | we collected diarrhoea specimens in two hospitals in southern thailand in 1999 to examine whether infection by the vibrio parahaemolyticus pandemic clone is prevalent. v. parahaemolyticus was isolated from 317 specimens. seventy-six per cent of the isolated strains had the pandemic clone-specific characteristics (tdh+, trh-, and an unique toxrs sequence detectable by gs-pcr) and an associated characteristic (the orf8 sequence of f237 phage). these strains belonged to the three pandemic servovars ... | 2003 | 12825723 |
| analysis of the envelope proteins of heat-shocked vibrio parahaemolyticus cells by immunoblotting and biotin-labeling methods. | vibrio parahaemolyticus, a common enteropathogen in tropical and subtropical coastal regions, exhibits significant adaptive acid tolerance response and heat-shock response, and the envelope proteins induced by stresses are suggested to be associated with virulence. this work examined the heat-shock proteins located in the envelope of v. parahaemolyticus by two rapid methods; namely, the immunoblotting and biotin-labeling methods. the bacterial cells were cultured at 25 c and heat shocked at 37 o ... | 2003 | 12825892 |
| acute bacterial gastroenteritis: a study of adult patients with positive stool cultures treated in the emergency department. | to investigate the presenting clinical features of acute bacterial gastroenteritis in adult patients treated as outpatients in the emergency department (ed), and the pathogens responsible in this setting and population; and to identify the frequency with which positive stool culture result changes management. | 2003 | 12835343 |
| prevalence of pandemic thermostable direct hemolysin-producing vibrio parahaemolyticus o3:k6 in seafood and the coastal environment in japan. | although thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh)-producing vibrio parahaemolyticus has caused many infections in asian countries, the united states, and other countries, it has been difficult to detect the same pathogen in seafoods and other environmental samples. in this study, we detected and enumerated tdh gene-positive v. parahaemolyticus in japanese seafoods with a tdh-specific pcr method, a chromogenic agar medium, and a most-probable-number method. the tdh gene was detected in 33 of 329 seafo ... | 2003 | 12839757 |
| dominance of vibrio fischeri in secreted mucus outside the light organ of euprymna scolopes: the first site of symbiont specificity. | previous studies of the euprymna scolopes-vibrio fischeri symbiosis have demonstrated that, during colonization, the hatchling host secretes mucus in which gram-negative environmental bacteria amass in dense aggregations outside the sites of infection. in this study, experiments with green fluorescent protein-labeled symbiotic and nonsymbiotic species of gram-negative bacteria were used to characterize the behavior of cells in the aggregates. when hatchling animals were exposed to 10(3) to 10(6) ... | 2003 | 12839763 |
| molecular, serological, and virulence characteristics of vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from environmental, food, and clinical sources in north america and asia. | potential virulence attributes, serotypes, and ribotypes were determined for 178 pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from clinical, environmental, and food sources on the pacific, atlantic, and gulf coasts of the united states and from clinical sources in asia. the food and environmental isolates were generally from oysters, and they were defined as being pathogenic by using dna probes to detect the presence of the thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) gene. the clinical isolates from the ... | 2003 | 12839774 |
| cholera and other types of vibriosis: a story of human pandemics and oysters on the half shell. | vibrios are ubiquitous in the aquatic environment and are commonly present in or on shellfish and other seafood. a small subset of strains/species are able to cause human disease, including the cholera toxin-producing strains of vibrio cholerae that are responsible for epidemic/pandemic cholera; thermostable direct hemolysin-producing strains of vibrio parahaemolyticus; and vibrio vulnificus, which can cause fulminant sepsis. cholera outbreaks can be initiated by transmission of "epidemic" v. ch ... | 2003 | 12856219 |
| lateral flagellar gene system of vibrio parahaemolyticus. | vibrio parahaemolyticus possesses dual flagellar systems adapted for movement under different circumstances. a single polar flagellum propels the bacterium in liquid (i.e., swimming) with a motor that is powered by the sodium motive force. multiple proton-driven lateral flagella enable translocation over surfaces (i.e., swarming). the polar flagellum is produced continuously, while production of lateral flagella is induced when the organism is grown on surfaces. this work describes the isolation ... | 2003 | 12867460 |
| studies on pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus during a warm weather season in the seto inland sea, japan. | vibrio parahaemolyticus is a potentially pathogenic bacterium, occurring naturally in estuarine and marine environments throughout the world. the incidence of this organism in an aquatic environment depends upon many ecofactors. sea water and organic material were collected during the warm weather season from a coast of the seto inland sea, japan, and analysed to determine v. parahaemolyticus densities and the occurrence of pathogenic strains, defined as those possessing tdh and/or trh genes by ... | 2003 | 12871237 |
| bacteria that express lateral flagella enable dissection of the multifunctional roles of flagella in pathogenesis. | flagella are much more than organelles of locomotion and have multiple roles that contribute to pathogenesis. bacteria, such as vibrio parahaemolyticus and aeromonas spp., that possess two distinct flagellar systems (a polar flagellum for swimming in liquid and lateral flagella for swarming over surfaces) are relatively uncommon and provide ideal models for the independent investigation of the contributions of these different types of motility and other flagellar functions to virulence and how t ... | 2003 | 12892877 |
| complete genome sequence of the broad-host-range vibriophage kvp40: comparative genomics of a t4-related bacteriophage. | the complete genome sequence of the t4-like, broad-host-range vibriophage kvp40 has been determined. the genome sequence is 244,835 bp, with an overall g+c content of 42.6%. it encodes 386 putative protein-encoding open reading frames (cdss), 30 trnas, 33 t4-like late promoters, and 57 potential rho-independent terminators. overall, 92.1% of the kvp40 genome is coding, with an average cds size of 587 bp. while 65% of the cdss were unique to kvp40 and had no known function, the genome sequence an ... | 2003 | 12923095 |
| multiple regulators control capsular polysaccharide production in vibrio parahaemolyticus. | vibrio parahaemolyticus, a biofouling marine bacterium and human pathogen, undergoes phase variation displaying translucent (tr) and opaque (op) colony morphologies. prior studies demonstrated that op colonies produce more capsular polysaccharide (cps) than tr colonies and that opacity is controlled by the vibrio harveyi luxr-type transcriptional activator opar. cps has also been shown to be regulated by the scrabc signaling pathway, which involves a ggdef-eal motif-containing sensory protein. t ... | 2003 | 12949095 |
| studies on the enteropathogenic, facultatively halophilic bacteria, vibrio parahaemolyticus. i. morphological, cultural and biochemical properties and its taxonomical position. | 1963 | 14071901 | |
| electron microscopy of flagellation of vibrio parahaemolyticus. | 1964 | 14125370 | |
| [clinical findings of bacterial food poisoning cauxed by vibrio parahaemolyticus]. | 1963 | 14157123 | |
| [biological and immunological studies on the dna derived from vibrio parahaemolyticus. 2nd report. immuno-serological studies on the extracted nucleic acid derived from vibrio parahaemolyticus]. | 1964 | 14252825 | |
| [study on vibriostatic agent with special reference to vibrio parahaemolyticus sensitivity to pteridine derivatives]. | 1964 | 14285725 | |
| [studies on the pathogenicity of vibrio parahaemolyticus. i. oral administration in monkeys and the application of the de-test]. | 1965 | 14295688 | |
| [studies on the growth rate of various food bacteria. 1. the generation time of vibrio parahaemolyticus]. | 1965 | 14326732 | |
| [factors leading to false judgement of the sucrose fermentability of vibrio parahaemolyticus]. | 1965 | 14343322 | |
| antimicrobial performance of alkaline ionic fluid (gc-100x) and its ability to remove escherichia coli o157:h7 from the surface of tomatoes. | an efficacy test of gc-100x, a noncorrosive alkaline ionic fluid (ph 12) composed of free radicals and supplemented with xylitol, was carried out against six major foodborne pathogens-staphylococcus aureus fri 913, salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis atcc 13076, s. enterica serovar typhimurium dt104 korean isolate, vibrio parahaemolyticus atcc 17803, escherichia coli o157:h7 atcc 43894, and pseudomonas aeruginosa kctc 1637-at three different temperatures (4, 25, and 36 degrees c) with or wit ... | 2003 | 14503713 |
| increased sensitivity in pcr detection of tdh-positive vibrio parahaemolyticus in seafood with purified template dna. | pcr is an important method for the detection of thermostable direct hemolysin gene (tdh)-positive (pathogenic hemolysin-producing) strains of vibrio parahaemolyticus in seafood because tdh-negative (nonpathogenic) v. parahaemolyticus strains often contaminate seafood and interfere with the direct isolation of tdh-positive v. parahaemolyticus. in this study, the use of pcr to detect the tdh gene of v. parahaemolyticus in various seafoods artificially contaminated with tdh-positive v. parahaemolyt ... | 2003 | 14503724 |
| [rapid detection and identification of enteropathogenic bacteria by a single strain counting-pcr assay]. | the arbitrarily primed-pcr (ap-pcr) method is a technique to generate patterns of randomly amplified dna fragments, and is often used for typing clinical isolates. currently, we have been developing a modified ap-pcr method, the single strain counting-pcr (ssc-pcr), in order to discriminate among bacterial strains based on amplified patterns with multiple primers. here, we describe the availabilities of the ssc-pcr method to identify and detect enteropathogenic bacteria. the analysis of the ampl ... | 2003 | 14509944 |
| purification and characterization of an antibacterial protein in the skin secretion of rockfish sebastes schlegeli. | an antibacterial protein in the skin secretion of rockfish (sebastes schlegeli) was purified by lectin affinity chromatography on con a-sepharose and gel filtration on tskgel g3000sw. the antibacterial protein featured the high molecular mass and selective action against gram-negative bacteria. the molecular mass of the protein was estimated to be approximately 150 kda in gel filtration and approximately 75 kda by sds-page, suggesting that it is dimeric. the antibacterial principle was an acidic ... | 2003 | 14522599 |
| genotypic analyses of vibrio parahaemolyticus and development of a pandemic group-specific multiplex pcr assay. | a total of 54 vibrio parahaemolyticus strains including pandemic o3:k6 strains and newly emerged o4:k68, o1:k25, o1:k26, and o1:k untypeable strains (collectively referred to as the "pandemic group") were examined for their pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and arbitrarily primed pcr (ap-pcr) profiles and for the presence or absence of genetic marker dna sequences, toxrs/new or orf8, that had been reported elsewhere to be specific for the pandemic group. both pfge and ap-pcr analyses indic ... | 2003 | 14532202 |
| identification of tdh-positive vibrio parahaemolyticus from an outbreak associated with raw oyster consumption in spain. | between august and september 1999, a total of 64 cases of illness were identified in three episodes of acute gastroenteritis associated with the consumption of live oysters from a typical outdoor street market in galicia (northwest spain). nine case patients were hospitalized and analysis of their stool samples revealed the presence of vibrio parahaemolyticus. the strains isolated from two stool samples were studied for antibiotic susceptibility, biochemical characteristics and presence of virul ... | 2003 | 14553923 |
| genome sequences of two closely related vibrio parahaemolyticus phages, vp16t and vp16c. | two bacteriophages of an environmental isolate of vibrio parahaemolyticus were isolated and sequenced. the vp16t and vp16c phages were separated from a mixed lysate based on plaque morphology and exhibit 73 to 88% sequence identity over about 80% of their genomes. only about 25% of their predicted open reading frames are similar to genes with known functions in the genbank database. both phages have cos sites and open reading frames encoding proteins closely related to coliphage lambda's termina ... | 2003 | 14563879 |
| bactericidal effects of konjac fluid on several food-poisoning bacteria. | in this study, the bactericidal effects of japanese alkaline foods on food-poisoning bacteria were evaluated. konjac is an alkaline food soaked in calcinated calcium (the ph of konjac fluid ranges from 11.42 to 12.53). konjac fluids completely inactivated escherichia coli, enterohemorrhagic e. coli o157:h7 and e. coil o26:h9, salmonella enteritidis, vibrio parahemolyticus. and staphylococcus aureus. the initial level of 6 log cfu/ml dramatically decreased after incubation with konjac fluid, and ... | 2003 | 14572219 |
| retention of virulence in viable but non-culturable halophilic vibrio spp. | the viable but non-culturable (vbnc) forms of two environmental strains of vibrio alginolyticus 1 and vibrio parahaemolyticus 66 and one strain of v. parahaemolyticus atcc 43996 showing virulence characteristics (hemolysin production, adhesive and/or cytotoxic ability, in vivo enteropathogenicity) were obtained by culturing bacteria in a microcosm consisting of artificial sea water (asw) and incubating at 5 degrees c with shaking. every 2 days, culturability of the cells in the microcosm was mon ... | 2003 | 14580971 |
| duplex real-time sybr green pcr assays for detection of 17 species of food- or waterborne pathogens in stools. | a duplex real-time sybr green lightcycler pcr (lc-pcr) assay with dna extraction using the qiaamp dna stool mini kit was evaluated with regard to detection of 8 of 17 species of food- or waterborne pathogens in five stool specimens in 2 h or less. the protocol used the same lc-pcr with 20 pairs of specific primers. the products formed were identified based on a melting point temperature (t(m)) curve analysis. the 17 species of food- or waterborne pathogens examined were enteroinvasive escherichi ... | 2003 | 14605150 |
| identification of foodborne bacteria by infrared spectroscopy using cellular fatty acid methyl esters. | identification of bacterial species by profiling fatty acid methyl esters (fames) has commonly been carried out by using a 20-min capillary gas chromatographic procedure followed by library matching of fame profiles using commercial midi databases and proprietary pattern recognition software. fast gc (5 min) fame procedures and mass spectrometric methodologies that require no lipid separation have also been reported. in this study, bacterial identification based on the rapid (2 min) infrared mea ... | 2003 | 14607413 |
| identification and characterization of genes required for biosynthesis and transport of the siderophore vibrioferrin in vibrio parahaemolyticus. | in response to low iron availability, vibrio parahaemolyticus synthesizes and secretes a polyhydroxycarboxylate-type siderophore vibrioferrin which is composed of 1 mol each of 2-ketoglutaric acid, l-alanine, ethanolamine, and citric acid. we have previously reported the cloning and characterization of the pvua gene, which encodes the 78-kda outer membrane receptor protein for ferric vibrioferrin. in this study, nine genes involved in the biosynthesis and transport of vibrioferrin have been iden ... | 2003 | 14617658 |
| new indole alkaloids from the north sea bacterium vibrio parahaemolyticus bio249. | several bis- and tris-indole derivatives were isolated from a north sea bacterium that was closely related to vibrio parahaemolyticus (98% homology). 1,1,3-tris(3-indolyl)butane (3) is a new compound, and 3,3-bis(3-indolyl)butane-2-one (1a), arundine (1b), and 1,1,1-tris(3-indolyl)methane (2a) were isolated from a microorganism for the first time here. additionally, many other known compounds were obtained from the ethyl acetate extract of the culture. their structures were established on the ba ... | 2003 | 14640534 |
| accuracy of six commercially available systems for identification of members of the family vibrionaceae. | six commercially available bacterial identification products were tested with vibrio alginolyticus (12 strains), v. cholerae (30 strains), photobacterium (vibrio) damselae (10 strains), v. fluvialis (10 strains), v. furnissii (4 strains), v. hollisae (10 strains), v. metschnikovii (9 strains), v. mimicus (10 strains), v. parahaemolyticus (30 strains), and v. vulnificus (10 strains) to determine the accuracy of each system for identification. the products included api 20e, crystal e/nf, microscan ... | 2003 | 14662957 |