Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| interaction of a host protein with core complexes of bacteriophage phi6 to control transcription. | bacteriophages of the family cystoviridae have genomes consisting of three double-stranded rna (dsrna) segments, l, s, and m, packaged within a polyhedral capsid along with rna polymerase. transcription of genomic segment l is activated by the interaction of host protein yajq with the capsid structure. segment l codes for the proteins of the inner capsid, which are expressed early in infection. green fluorescent protein (gfp) fusions with yajq produce uniform fluorescence in uninfected cells and ... | 2010 | 20164238 |
| differential innate immune signalling via ca(2+) sensor protein kinases. | innate immunity represents the first line of inducible defence against microbial infection in plants and animals. in both kingdoms, recognition of pathogen- or microbe-associated molecular patterns (pamps or mamps, respectively), such as flagellin, initiates convergent signalling pathways involving mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) cascades and global transcriptional changes to boost immunity. although ca(2+) has long been recognized as an essential and conserved primary mediator in plant ... | 2010 | 20164835 |
| regional variations in the population structure of pseudomonas syringae pathovar phaseolicola from spain are revealed by typing with pmei pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, plasmid profiling and virulence gene complement. | one hundred and twenty pathogenic isolates of pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola recovered in spain were subjected to biochemical and genomic typing, and investigated for virulence gene complement. fifty-six were recovered from common beans (phaseolus vulgaris) of the type granja asturiana, grown in a northern spanish region (asturias), and 64 from other common beans cultured in the neighbouring region of castilla y león. typing by pmei digestion followed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis r ... | 2010 | 20167625 |
| a boolean model of the pseudomonas syringae hrp regulon predicts a tightly regulated system. | the type iii secretion system (ttss) is a protein secretion machinery used by certain gram-negative bacterial pathogens of plants and animals to deliver effector molecules to the host and is at the core of the ability to cause disease. extensive molecular and biochemical study has revealed the components and their interactions within this system but reductive approaches do not consider the dynamical properties of the system as a whole. in order to gain a better understanding of these dynamical b ... | 2010 | 20169167 |
| characterization of phi2954, a newly isolated bacteriophage containing three dsrna genomic segments. | bacteriophage phi12 is a member of the cystoviridae and is distinct from phi6, the first member of that family. we have recently isolated a number of related phages and five showed high similarity to phi12 in the amino acid sequences of several proteins. bacteriophage phi2954 is a member of this group. | 2010 | 20170499 |
| sequence divergences between cyst nematode effector protein orthologs may contribute to host specificity. | 2010 | 20173410 | |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum ats-1 is imported into host cell mitochondria and interferes with apoptosis induction. | anaplasma phagocytophilum, the causative agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, infects human neutrophils and inhibits mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. bacterial factors involved in this process are unknown. in the present study, we screened a genomic dna library of a. phagocytophilum for effectors of the type iv secretion system by a bacterial two-hybrid system, using a. phagocytophilum vird4 as bait. a hypothetical protein was identified as a putative effector, hereby named anaplasmatranslo ... | 2010 | 20174550 |
| phylogenomics reveals a diverse rickettsiales type iv secretion system. | with an obligate intracellular lifestyle, alphaproteobacteria of the order rickettsiales have inextricably coevolved with their various eukaryotic hosts, resulting in small, reductive genomes and strict dependency on host resources. unsurprisingly, large portions of rickettsiales genomes encode proteins involved in transport and secretion. one particular transporter that has garnered recent attention from researchers is the type iv secretion system (t4ss). homologous to the well-studied archetyp ... | 2010 | 20176788 |
| hvalmt1 from barley is involved in the transport of organic anions. | members of the almt gene family contribute to the al(3+) resistance of several plant species by facilitating malate efflux from root cells. the first member of this family to be cloned and characterized, taalmt1, is responsible for most of the natural variation of al(3+) resistance in wheat. the current study describes the isolation and characterization of hvalmt1, the barley gene with the greatest sequence similarity to taalmt1. hvalmt1 is located on chromosome 2h which has not been associated ... | 2010 | 20176888 |
| pepr2 is a second receptor for the pep1 and pep2 peptides and contributes to defense responses in arabidopsis. | pep1 is a 23-amino acid peptide that enhances resistance to a root pathogen, pythium irregulare. pep1 and its homologs (pep2 to pep7) are endogenous amplifiers of innate immunity of arabidopsis thaliana that induce the transcription of defense-related genes and bind to pepr1, a plasma membrane leucine-rich repeat (lrr) receptor kinase. here, we identify a plasma membrane lrr receptor kinase, designated pepr2, that has 76% amino acid similarity to pepr1, and we characterize its role in the percep ... | 2010 | 20179141 |
| do trees grow on money? auxin as the currency of the cellular economy. | auxin plays a role in nearly every aspect of a plant's life. signals from the developmental program, physiological status, and encounters with other organisms all converge on the auxin pathway. the molecular mechanisms facilitating these interactions are diverse; yet, common themes emerge. auxin can be regulated by modulating rates of biosynthesis, conjugation, and transport, as well as sensitivity of a cell to the auxin signal. in this article, we describe some well-studied examples of auxin's ... | 2010 | 20182619 |
| rnase r is a highly unstable protein regulated by growth phase and stress. | rnase r is an important exoribonuclease that participates in the degradation of structured rnas in escherichia coli. in earlier work, it was shown that rnase r levels increase dramatically under certain stress conditions, particularly during cold shock and stationary phase. however, the regulatory processes that lead to this elevation are not well understood. we show here that the increase in rnase r in stationary phase is unaffected by the global regulators, rpos and (p)ppgpp, and that it occur ... | 2010 | 20185542 |
| transcriptome analysis of pseudomonas syringae identifies new genes, noncoding rnas, and antisense activity. | to fully understand how bacteria respond to their environment, it is essential to assess genome-wide transcriptional activity. new high-throughput sequencing technologies make it possible to query the transcriptome of an organism in an efficient unbiased manner. we applied a strand-specific method to sequence bacterial transcripts using illumina's high-throughput sequencing technology. the resulting sequences were used to construct genome-wide transcriptional profiles. novel bioinformatics analy ... | 2010 | 20190049 |
| identification of the biosynthetic gene cluster for 3-methylarginine, a toxin produced by pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae 22d/93. | the epiphyte pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae 22d/93 (pss22d) produces the rare amino acid 3-methylarginine (mearg), which is highly active against the closely related soybean pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea. since these pathogens compete for the same habitat, pss22d is a promising candidate for biocontrol of p. syringae pv. glycinea. the mearg biosynthesis gene cluster codes for the s-adenosylmethionine (sam)-dependent methyltransferase mrsa, the putative aminotransferase mrsb, and ... | 2010 | 20190091 |
| molecular and evolutionary analyses of pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato race 1. | pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, the causal agent of bacterial speck of tomato, has recently become an increasing problem in california due to the evolution and prevalence of highly aggressive race 1 strains. in resistant plant genotypes, the type iii effectors avrpto and avrptob are recognized by the tomato proteins pto and prf. we investigated the prevalence of avrpto and avrptob in strains collected over the last 13 years in california. all race 1 strains retained avrptob but did not express ... | 2010 | 20192829 |
| identification of the trehalose biosynthetic loci of pseudomonas syringae and their contribution to fitness in the phyllosphere. | surprisingly little is known of the trehalose biosynthetic pathways in pseudomonads, despite the importance of trehalose to protecting cells from environmental stresses such as low water availability. the genome of the foliar pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain dc3000 contains genes for two trehalose biosynthetic pathways, tres and treyz, and lacks genes for the more common otsab pathway. deletion of either the tres (pspto_2760-2762) or trey/trez (pspto_3125-3134) locus eliminated tr ... | 2010 | 20192963 |
| evolution and multifarious horizontal transfer of an alternative biosynthetic pathway for the alternative polyamine sym-homospermidine. | polyamines are small flexible organic polycations found in almost all cells. they likely existed in the last universal common ancestor of all extant life, and yet relatively little is understood about their biological function, especially in bacteria and archaea. unlike eukaryotes, where the predominant polyamine is spermidine, bacteria may contain instead an alternative polyamine, sym-homospermidine. we demonstrate that homospermidine synthase (hss) has evolved vertically, primarily in the alph ... | 2010 | 20194510 |
| all three subunits of recbcd enzyme are essential for dna repair and low-temperature growth in the antarctic pseudomonas syringae lz4w. | the recd mutants of the antarctic pseudomonas syringae lz4w are sensitive to dna-damaging agents and fail to grow at 4 degrees c. generally, recd associates with two other proteins (recb and recc) to produce recbcd enzyme, which is involved in homologous recombination and dna repair in many bacteria, including escherichia coli. however, recd is not essential for dna repair, nor does its deletion cause any growth defects in e. coli. hence, the assessment of the p. syringae recbcd pathway was impe ... | 2010 | 20195537 |
| an atypical riboflavin pathway is essential for brucella abortus virulence. | brucellosis is a worldwide zoonosis that affects livestock and humans and is caused by closely related brucella spp., which are adapted to intracellular life within cells of a large variety of mammals. brucella can be considered a furtive pathogen that infects professional and non-professional phagocytes. in these cells brucella survives in a replicative niche, which is characterized for having a very low oxygen tension and being deprived from nutrients such as amino acids and vitamins. among th ... | 2010 | 20195542 |
| structures of the ompf porin crystallized in the presence of foscholine-12. | the endogenous escherichia coli porin ompf was crystallized as an accidental by-product of our efforts to express, purify, and crystallize the e. coli integral membrane protein kdpd in the presence of foscholine-12 (fc12). fc12 is widely used in membrane protein studies, but no crystal structure of a protein that was both purified and crystallized with this detergent has been reported in the protein data bank. crystallization screening for kdpd yielded two different crystals of contaminating pro ... | 2010 | 20196071 |
| effects of bovine milk lactoperoxidase system on some bacteria. | bovine lactoperoxidase (lpo) was purified from skimmed milk using amberlite cg-50-h+ resin, cm sephadex c-50 ion-exchange chromatography, and sephadex g-100 gel filtration chromatography. lactoperoxidase was purified 20.45-fold with a yield of 28.8%. purity of enzyme checked by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis method and a single band was observed. km was 0.25 mm at 20 degrees c, vmax value was 7.95 micromol/ml min at 20 degrees c (ph 6.0). antibacterial study was done ... | 2010 | 20198919 |
| a dominant-negative needle mutant blocks type iii secretion of early but not late substrates in yersinia. | yersinia pseudotuberculosis uses a type iii secretion system (t3ss) to deliver effectors into host cells. a key component of the t3ss is the needle, which is a hollow tube on the bacterial surface through which effectors are secreted, composed of the yscf protein. to study needle assembly, we performed a screen for dominant-negative yscf alleles that prevented effector secretion in the presence of wild-type (wt) yscf. one allele, yscf-l54v, prevents wt yscf secretion and needle assembly, althoug ... | 2010 | 20199604 |
| genome dynamics of bartonella grahamii in micro-populations of woodland rodents. | rodents represent a high-risk reservoir for the emergence of new human pathogens. the recent completion of the 2.3 mb genome of bartonella grahamii, one of the most prevalent blood-borne bacteria in wild rodents, revealed a higher abundance of genes for host-cell interaction systems than in the genomes of closely related human pathogens. the sequence variability within the global b. grahamii population was recently investigated by multi locus sequence typing, but no study on the variability of p ... | 2010 | 20202191 |
| impact of siderophore production by pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae 22d/93 on epiphytic fitness and biocontrol activity against pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea 1a/96. | the use of naturally occurring microbial antagonists to suppress plant diseases offers a favorable alternative to classical methods of plant protection. the soybean epiphyte pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae strain 22d/93 shows great potential for controlling p. syringae pv. glycinea, the causal agent of bacterial blight of soybean. its activity against p. syringae pv. glycinea is highly reproducible even in field trials, and the suppression mechanisms involved are of special interest. in this w ... | 2010 | 20208028 |
| transgenerational adaptation of arabidopsis to stress requires dna methylation and the function of dicer-like proteins. | epigenetic states and certain environmental responses in mammals and seed plants can persist in the next sexual generation. these transgenerational effects have potential adaptative significance as well as medical and agronomic ramifications. recent evidence suggests that some abiotic and biotic stress responses of plants are transgenerational. for example, viral infection of tobacco plants and exposure of arabidopsis thaliana plants to uvc and flagellin can induce transgenerational increases in ... | 2010 | 20209086 |
| assembly algorithms for next-generation sequencing data. | the emergence of next-generation sequencing platforms led to resurgence of research in whole-genome shotgun assembly algorithms and software. dna sequencing data from the roche 454, illumina/solexa, and abi solid platforms typically present shorter read lengths, higher coverage, and different error profiles compared with sanger sequencing data. since 2005, several assembly software packages have been created or revised specifically for de novo assembly of next-generation sequencing data. this re ... | 2010 | 20211242 |
| the case for the defense: plants versus pseudomonas syringae. | incredible progress has been made over the last 20 years in understanding the components and mechanisms governing plant innate immunity. the most important discoveries concern pathogen recognition mechanisms, which divide perception of conserved elicitors at the cell periphery, and recognition of variable elicitors within the host cytoplasm. the underlying mechanisms of immunity post elicitation are complex and poorly defined. this review highlights emergent themes in plant-microbe interactions ... | 2010 | 20214999 |
| the rst and parp-like domain containing sro protein family: analysis of protein structure, function and conservation in land plants. | the sros (similar to rcd-one) are a group of plant-specific proteins which have important functions in stress adaptation and development. they contain the catalytic core of the poly(adp-ribose) polymerase (parp) domain and a c-terminal rst (rcd-sro-taf4) domain. in addition to these domains, several, but not all, sros contain an n-terminal wwe domain. | 2010 | 20226034 |
| pseudomonas cannabina pv. cannabina pv. nov., and pseudomonas cannabina pv. alisalensis (cintas koike and bull, 2000) comb. nov., are members of the emended species pseudomonas cannabina (ex sutic & dowson 1959) gardan, shafik, belouin, brosch, grimont & grimont 1999. | sequence similarity in the 16s rdna gene confirmed that crucifer pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. alisalensis belongs to p. syringae sensu lato. in reciprocal dna/dna hybridization experiments, dna relatedness was high (69-100%) between p. syringae pv. alisalensis strains and the type strain of p. cannabina (genomospecies 9). in contrast, dna relatedness was low (below 48%) between p. syringae pv. alisalensis and reference strains from the remaining genomospecies of p. syringae including the ty ... | 2010 | 20227217 |
| agrobacterium induces expression of a host f-box protein required for tumorigenicity. | agrobacterium exports dna into plant cells, eliciting neoplastic growths on many plant species. during this process, a skp1-cdc53-cullin-f-box (scf) complex that contains the bacterial virulence f-box protein virf facilitates genetic transformation by targeting for proteolysis proteins, the agrobacterium protein vire2 and the host protein vip1, that coat the transferred dna. however, some plant species do not require virf for transformation. here, we show that agrobacterium induces expression of ... | 2010 | 20227663 |
| role of host protein glutaredoxin 3 in the control of transcription during bacteriophage phi2954 infection. | bacteriophage phi2954 contains three dsrna genomic segments, designated l, m, and s. the rna is located inside a core particle composed of multiple copies of a major structural protein, an rna-dependent rna polymerase, a hexameric ntpase, and an auxiliary protein. the core particle is covered by a shell of protein p8, and this structure is enclosed within a lipid-containing membrane. we have found that normal infection of the host pseudomonas syringae is dependent on the action of a host protein ... | 2010 | 20231437 |
| atbag7, an arabidopsis bcl-2-associated athanogene, resides in the endoplasmic reticulum and is involved in the unfolded protein response. | the bcl-2-associated athanogene (bag) family is an evolutionarily conserved, multifunctional group of cochaperones that perform diverse cellular functions ranging from proliferation to growth arrest and cell death in yeast, in mammals, and, as recently observed, in plants. the arabidopsis genome contains seven homologs of the bag family, including four with domain organization similar to animal bags. in the present study we show that an arabidopsis bag, atbag7, is a uniquely localized endoplasmi ... | 2010 | 20231441 |
| catalytic domain of the diversified pseudomonas syringae type iii effector hopz1 determines the allelic specificity in plant hosts. | the type iii secretion systems (t3ss) and secreted effectors (t3ses) are essential virulence factors in gram-negative bacteria. during the arms race, plants have evolved resistance (r) genes to detect specific t3ses and activate defence responses. however, this immunity can be efficiently defeated by the pathogens through effector evolution. hopz1 of the plant pathogen pseudomonas syringae is a member of the widely distributed yopj t3se family. three alleles are known to be present in p. syringa ... | 2010 | 20233307 |
| loss of susceptibility as a novel breeding strategy for durable and broad-spectrum resistance. | recent studies on plant immunity have suggested that a pathogen should suppress induced plant defense in order to infect a plant species, which otherwise would have been a nonhost to the pathogen. for this purpose, pathogens exploit effector molecules to interfere with different layers of plant defense responses. in this review, we summarize the latest findings on plant factors that are activated by pathogen effectors to suppress plant immunity. by looking from a different point of view into hos ... | 2009 | 20234841 |
| loss of susceptibility as a novel breeding strategy for durable and broad-spectrum resistance. | recent studies on plant immunity have suggested that a pathogen should suppress induced plant defense in order to infect a plant species, which otherwise would have been a nonhost to the pathogen. for this purpose, pathogens exploit effector molecules to interfere with different layers of plant defense responses. in this review, we summarize the latest findings on plant factors that are activated by pathogen effectors to suppress plant immunity. by looking from a different point of view into hos ... | 2009 | 20234841 |
| ost-hth: a novel predicted rna-binding domain. | the mechanism by which the arthropod oskar and vertebrate tdrd5/tdrd7 proteins nucleate or organize structurally related ribonucleoprotein (rnp) complexes, the polar granule and nuage, is poorly understood. using sequence profile searches we identify a novel domain in these proteins that is widely conserved across eukaryotes and bacteria. | 2010 | 20302647 |
| a plant natriuretic peptide-like molecule of the pathogen xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri causes rapid changes in the proteome of its citrus host. | plant natriuretic peptides (pnps) belong to a novel class of peptidic signaling molecules that share some structural similarity to the n-terminal domain of expansins and affect physiological processes such as water and ion homeostasis at nano-molar concentrations. the citrus pathogen xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri possesses a pnp-like peptide (xacpnp) uniquely present in this bacteria. previously we observed that the expression of xacpnp is induced upon infection and that lesions produced in l ... | 2010 | 20302677 |
| sequences essential for transmission of spiroplasma citri by its leafhopper vector, circulifer haematoceps, revealed by plasmid curing and replacement based on incompatibility. | spiroplasma citri gii3 contains highly related low-copy-number plasmids psci1 to -6. despite the strong similarities between their replication regions, these plasmids coexist in the spiroplasma cells, indicating that they are mutually compatible. the psci1 to -6 plasmids encode the membrane proteins known as s. citri adhesion-related proteins (scarps) (psci1 to -5) and the hydrophilic protein p32 (psci6), which had been tentatively associated with insect transmission, as they were not detected i ... | 2010 | 20305023 |
| transcriptional profiling of an fd-gogat1/glu1 mutant in arabidopsis thaliana reveals a multiple stress response and extensive reprogramming of the transcriptome. | glutamate plays a central position in the synthesis of a variety of organic molecules in plants and is synthesised from nitrate through a series of enzymatic reactions. glutamate synthases catalyse the last step in this pathway and two types are present in plants: nadh- or ferredoxin-dependent. here we report a genome wide microarray analysis of the transcriptional reprogramming that occurs in leaves and roots of the a. thaliana mutant glu1-2 knocked-down in the expression of fd-gogat1 (glu1; at ... | 2010 | 20307264 |
| the population genetics of beneficial mutations. | the population genetic study of advantageous mutations has lagged behind that of deleterious and neutral mutations. but over the past two decades, a number of significant developments, both theoretical and empirical, have occurred. here, i review two of these developments: the attempt to determine the distribution of fitness effects among beneficial mutations and the attempt to determine their average dominance. considering both theory and data, i conclude that, while considerable theoretical pr ... | 2010 | 20308094 |
| information processing without brains--the power of intercellular regulators in plants. | plants exhibit different developmental strategies than animals; these are characterized by a tight linkage between environmental conditions and development. as plants have neither specialized sensory organs nor a nervous system, intercellular regulators are essential for their development. recently, major advances have been made in understanding how intercellular regulation is achieved in plants on a molecular level. plants use a variety of molecules for intercellular regulation: hormones are us ... | 2010 | 20332147 |
| endosome-associated crt1 functions early in resistance gene-mediated defense signaling in arabidopsis and tobacco. | resistance gene-mediated immunity confers protection against pathogen infection in a wide range of plants. a genetic screen for arabidopsis thaliana mutants compromised for recognition of turnip crinkle virus previously identified crt1, a member of the ghkl atpase/kinase superfamily. here, we demonstrate that crt1 interacts with various resistance proteins from different structural classes, and this interaction is disrupted when these resistance proteins are activated. the arabidopsis mutant crt ... | 2010 | 20332379 |
| isolation and characterization of the z-iso gene encoding a missing component of carotenoid biosynthesis in plants. | metabolic engineering of plant carotenoids in food crops has been a recent focus for improving human health. pathway manipulation is predicated on comprehensive knowledge of this biosynthetic pathway, which has been extensively studied. however, there existed the possibility of an additional biosynthetic step thought to be dispensable because it could be compensated for by light. this step, mediated by a putative z-iso, was predicted to occur in the sequence of redox reactions that are coupled t ... | 2010 | 20335404 |
| a role for chloroplast-localized thylakoid formation 1 (thf1) in bacterial speck disease development. | coronatine (cor), a jasmonate mimic produced by pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000 (pst dc3000) is required for full virulence of pst dc3000 in tomato and arabidopsis. cor is shown to induce a range of physiological processes including chlorosis, root growth inhibition and anthocyanin accumulation in tomato. to elucidate the host/signaling genes involved in cor-responses, we utilized a forward genetics approach using nicotiana benthamiana and virus-induced gene silencing (vigs) and identifie ... | 2010 | 20339321 |
| the influence of metabolically engineered glucosinolates profiles in arabidopsis thaliana on plutella xylostella preference and performance. | the oviposition preference and larval performance of the diamondback moth (dbm), plutella xylostella, was studied using arabidopsis thaliana plants with modified glucosinolate (gs) profiles containing novel gss as a result of the introduction of individual cyp79 genes. the insect parameters were determined in a series of bioassays. the gs content of the plants as well as the number of trichomes were measured. multivariate analysis was used to determine the possible relationships among insect and ... | 2009 | 20339445 |
| the influence of metabolically engineered glucosinolates profiles in arabidopsis thaliana on plutella xylostella preference and performance. | the oviposition preference and larval performance of the diamondback moth (dbm), plutella xylostella, was studied using arabidopsis thaliana plants with modified glucosinolate (gs) profiles containing novel gss as a result of the introduction of individual cyp79 genes. the insect parameters were determined in a series of bioassays. the gs content of the plants as well as the number of trichomes were measured. multivariate analysis was used to determine the possible relationships among insect and ... | 2009 | 20339445 |
| dongle and defective in anther dehiscence1 lipases are not essential for wound- and pathogen-induced jasmonate biosynthesis: redundant lipases contribute to jasmonate formation. | lipases are involved in the generation of jasmonates, which regulate responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. two sn-1-specific acyl hydrolases, defective in anther dehiscence1 (dad1) and dongle (dgl), have been reported to be localized in plastids and to be essential and sufficient for jasmonate biosynthesis in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) leaves. here, we show that levels of 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (opda) and jasmonic acid in three different dgl rna interference lines and the dad1 muta ... | 2010 | 20348210 |
| involvement of abscisic acid in the coordinated regulation of a stress-inducible hexose transporter (vvht5) and a cell wall invertase in grapevine in response to biotrophic fungal infection. | biotrophic fungal and oomycete pathogens alter carbohydrate metabolism in infected host tissues. symptoms such as elevated soluble carbohydrate concentrations and increased invertase activity suggest that a pathogen-induced carbohydrate sink is established. to identify pathogen-induced regulators of carbohydrate sink strength, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to measure transcript levels of invertase and hexose transporter genes in biotrophic pathogen-infected grapevine ... | 2010 | 20348211 |
| innate immune responses activated in arabidopsis roots by microbe-associated molecular patterns. | despite the fact that roots are the organs most subject to microbial interactions, very little is known about the response of roots to microbe-associated molecular patterns (mamps). by monitoring transcriptional activation of beta-glucuronidase reporters and mamp-elicited callose deposition, we show that three mamps, the flagellar peptide flg22, peptidoglycan, and chitin, trigger a strong tissue-specific response in arabidopsis thaliana roots, either at the elongation zone for flg22 and peptidog ... | 2010 | 20348432 |
| large-scale analysis of full-length cdnas from the tomato (solanum lycopersicum) cultivar micro-tom, a reference system for the solanaceae genomics. | the solanaceae family includes several economically important vegetable crops. the tomato (solanum lycopersicum) is regarded as a model plant of the solanaceae family. recently, a number of tomato resources have been developed in parallel with the ongoing tomato genome sequencing project. in particular, a miniature cultivar, micro-tom, is regarded as a model system in tomato genomics, and a number of genomics resources in the micro-tom-background, such as ests and mutagenized lines, have been es ... | 2010 | 20350329 |
| iron uptake and metabolism in pseudomonads. | pseudomonads are ubiquitous gram-negative gamma proteobacteria known for their extreme versatility and adaptability. some are plant pathogens (pseudomonas syringae) which have to survive on the surface of leaves while others can colonize the rhizosphere or survive in soil (pseudomonas fluorescens, pseudomonas putida), and one species, pseudomonas entomophila, is an insect pathogen. the most investigated species, pseudomonas aeruginosa, is known to be an opportunistic pathogen able to infect plan ... | 2010 | 20352420 |
| calcium signals: the lead currency of plant information processing. | ca(2+) signals are core transducers and regulators in many adaptation and developmental processes of plants. ca(2+) signals are represented by stimulus-specific signatures that result from the concerted action of channels, pumps, and carriers that shape temporally and spatially defined ca(2+) elevations. cellular ca(2+) signals are decoded and transmitted by a toolkit of ca(2+) binding proteins that relay this information into downstream responses. major transduction routes of ca(2+) signaling i ... | 2010 | 20354197 |
| identification of growth inhibition phenotypes induced by expression of bacterial type iii effectors in yeast. | many gram-negative pathogenic bacteria use a type iii secretion system to translocate a suite of effector proteins into the cytosol of host cells. within the cell, type iii effectors subvert host cellular processes to suppress immune responses and promote pathogen growth. numerous type iii effectors of plant and animal bacterial pathogens have been identified to date, yet only a few of them are well characterized. understanding the functions of these effectors has been undermined by a combinatio ... | 2010 | 20354502 |
| the ylmg protein has a conserved function related to the distribution of nucleoids in chloroplasts and cyanobacteria. | reminiscent of their free-living cyanobacterial ancestor, chloroplasts proliferate by division coupled with the partition of nucleoids (dna-protein complexes). division of the chloroplast envelope membrane is performed by constriction of the ring structures at the division site. during division, nucleoids also change their shape and are distributed essentially equally to the daughter chloroplasts. although several components of the envelope division machinery have been identified and characteriz ... | 2010 | 20359373 |
| rapid linkage of indole carboxylic acid to the plant cell wall identified as a component of basal defence in arabidopsis against hrp mutant bacteria. | changes occurring to plant cell walls were examined following inoculation of arabidopsis leaves with pathogenic and non-pathogenic (hrpa mutant) strains of pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. we have targeted low molecular weight, cross-linked phenolic and indolic compounds that were released from wall preparations by alkaline hydrolysis at 70 degrees c and in a microwave bomb. significantly higher concentrations of syringaldehyde, p hydroxybenzaldehyde and indole carboxylic acid were recovered fro ... | 2010 | 20359727 |
| the heat repeat protein ilityhia is required for plant immunity. | plant innate immunity is mediated in part by resistance (r) proteins that detect pathogens and mount a robust defense response to fight against infection. we previously characterized proteins in the mos4-associated complex (mac) that function in the regulation of plant immune responses downstream of the autoactivated r protein snc1. the mac is a highly conserved spliceosome-associated complex homologous to the nineteen complex (ntc) in yeast and human. the availability of proteomics data sets in ... | 2010 | 20360018 |
| interplay between iron homeostasis and the osmotic stress response in the halophilic bacterium chromohalobacter salexigens. | in this study, the connection between iron homeostasis and the osmostress response in the halophile chromohalobacter salexigens was investigated. a decrease in the requirement for both iron and histidine and a lower level of siderophore synthesis were observed at high salinity, and these findings were correlated with a lower protein content in salt-stressed cells. a six-gene operon (cfuabc-fur-hisi-orf6 operon) located downstream of the ectabc ectoine synthesis genes was characterized. a fur str ... | 2010 | 20363778 |
| fate of a pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi type iii secretion system mutant in olive plants (olea europaea l.). | pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi strain ncppb 3335 is a model bacterial pathogen for studying the molecular basis of disease production in woody hosts. we report the sequencing of the hrps-to-hrpz region of ncppb 3335, which has allowed us to determine the phylogenetic position of this pathogen with respect to previously sequenced pseudomonas syringae hrp clusters. in addition, we constructed a mutant of ncppb 3335, termed t3, which carries a deletion from the 3' end of the hrps gene to the ... | 2010 | 20363790 |
| the pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogenicity island papi-1 is transferred via a novel type iv pilus. | pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major cause of nosocomial infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients or in individuals with cystic fibrosis. the notable ability of p. aeruginosa to inhabit a broad range of environments, including humans, is in part due to its large and diverse genomic repertoire. the genomes of most strains contain a significant number of large and small genomic islands, including those carrying virulence determinants (pathogenicity islands). the pathogenicity island pap ... | 2010 | 20363934 |
| genetic, structural, and antigenic analyses of glycan diversity in the o-linked protein glycosylation systems of human neisseria species. | bacterial capsular polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides are well-established ligands of innate and adaptive immune effectors and often exhibit structural and antigenic variability. although many surface-localized glycoproteins have been identified in bacterial pathogens and symbionts, it not clear if and how selection impacts associated glycoform structure. here, a systematic approach was devised to correlate gene repertoire with protein-associated glycoform structure in neisseria species imp ... | 2010 | 20363948 |
| wounding-induced wrky8 is involved in basal defense in arabidopsis. | the wrky family of plant transcription factors controls several types of plant stress responses. arabidopsis wrky8, localized to the nucleus, is mainly induced by abscissic acid, h(2)o(2), wounding, pseudomonas syringae and botrytis cinerea infection, and aphid and maggot feeding. to determine its biological functions, we isolated loss-of-function t-dna insertion mutants and generated gain-of-function overexpressing wrky8 transgenic plants in arabidopsis. plants expressing the mutated wrky8 gene ... | 2010 | 20367464 |
| synergistic activation of defense responses in arabidopsis by simultaneous loss of the gsl5 callose synthase and the edr1 protein kinase. | loss-of-function mutations in the edr1 gene of arabidopsis confer enhanced resistance to golovinomyces cichoracearum (powdery mildew). disease resistance mediated by the edr1 mutation is dependent on an intact salicylic acid (sa) signaling pathway, but edr1 mutant plants do not constitutively express the sa-inducible gene pr-1 and are not dwarfed. to identify other components of the edr1 signaling network, we screened for mutations that enhanced the edr1 mutant phenotype. here, we describe an en ... | 2010 | 20367466 |
| positive regulation of the hrp type iii secretion system in pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola. | disease in compatible hosts and induction of the hypersensitive response in resistant plants by most plant-pathogenic bacteria require a functional type iii secretion system (t3ss). expression of t3ss genes responds to host and environmental factors and is induced within the plant. in pseudomonas syringae, expression of the t3ss requires hrpl, which is transcriptionally upregulated by hrpr and hrps. in some pathovars, expression of the hrprs genes is upregulated by the gaca/s two-component syste ... | 2010 | 20367474 |
| negative regulation of the hrp type iii secretion system in pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola. | many plant-pathogenic bacteria require type iii secretion systems (t3ss) to cause disease in compatible hosts and to induce the hypersensitive response in resistant plants. t3ss gene expression is induced within the plant and responds to host and environmental factors. in pseudomonas syringae, expression is downregulated by the lon protease in rich medium and by hrpv under inducing conditions. hrpv acts as an anti-activator by binding hrps. hrpg, which can also bind hrpv, has been reported to ac ... | 2010 | 20367475 |
| allele-specific virulence attenuation of the pseudomonas syringae hopz1a type iii effector via the arabidopsis zar1 resistance protein. | plant resistance (r) proteins provide a robust surveillance system to defend against potential pathogens. despite their importance in plant innate immunity, relatively few of the approximately 170 r proteins in arabidopsis have well-characterized resistance specificity. in order to identify the r protein responsible for recognition of the pseudomonas syringae type iii secreted effector (t3se) hopz1a, we assembled an arabidopsis r gene t-dna insertion collection (artic) from publicly available ar ... | 2010 | 20368970 |
| temperature modulates plant defense responses through nb-lrr proteins. | an elevated growth temperature often inhibits plant defense responses and renders plants more susceptible to pathogens. however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this modulation are unknown. to genetically dissect this regulation, we isolated mutants that retain disease resistance at a higher growth temperature in arabidopsis. one such heat-stable mutant results from a point mutation in snc1, a nb-lrr encoding gene similar to disease resistance (r) genes. similar mutations introduced into a t ... | 2010 | 20368979 |
| novel expression system for combined vaccine production in edwardsiella tarda ghost and cadaver cells. | to develop combined vaccine systems, we have generated edwardsiella tarda ghosts (etg) displaying a foreign protein on the outer membrane and also ed. tarda cadaver (etc) expressing a heterologous protein in the cytoplasm. green fluorescent protein (gfp) was used as a model foreign protein. a constitutive promoter (etpr c28-1) cloned newly from ed. tarda was used as a promoter for the expression of foreign protein. comparison of the strength of the new promoter with a commercially available cons ... | 2010 | 20369310 |
| annotation and overview of the pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi ncppb 3335 draft genome reveals the virulence gene complement of a tumour-inducing pathogen of woody hosts. | pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi is a tumour-inducing pathogen of olea europaea l. causing olive knot disease. bioinformatic analysis of the draft genome sequence of strain ncppb 3335, which encodes 5232 predicted coding genes on a total length of 5856 998 bp and a 57.12% g + c, revealed a large degree of conservation with pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola 1448a and p. syringae pv. tabaci 11528. however, ncppb 3335 contains twelve variable genomic regions, which are absent in all previo ... | 2010 | 20370821 |
| the t-loop extension of the tomato protein kinase avrpto-dependent pto-interacting protein 3 (adi3) directs nuclear localization for suppression of plant cell death. | in tomato (solanum lycopersicum), resistance to pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato is elicited by the interaction of the host pto kinase with the pathogen effector protein avrpto, which leads to various immune responses including localized cell death termed the hypersensitive response. the agc kinase adi3 functions to suppress host cell death and interacts with pto only in the presence of avrpto. the cell death suppression (cds) activity of adi3 requires phosphorylation by 3-phosphoinositide-depend ... | 2010 | 20371603 |
| a stress-inducible sulphotransferase sulphonates salicylic acid and confers pathogen resistance in arabidopsis. | sulphonation of small molecules by cytosolic sulphotransferases in mammals is an important process in which endogenous molecules are modified for inactivation/activation of their biological effects. plants possess large numbers of sulphotransferase genes, but their biological functions are largely unknown. here, we present a functional analysis of the arabidopsis sulphotransferase atsot12 (at2g03760). atsot12 gene expression is strongly induced by salt, and osmotic stress and hormone treatments. ... | 2010 | 20374532 |
| auto-luminescent genetically-encoded ratiometric indicator for real-time ca2+ imaging at the single cell level. | efficient bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (bret) from a bioluminescent protein to a fluorescent protein with high fluorescent quantum yield has been utilized to enhance luminescence intensity, allowing single-cell imaging in near real time without external light illumination. | 2010 | 20376337 |
| transcriptional responses to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-induced stress in arabidopsis thaliana reveal the involvement of hormone and defense signaling pathways. | polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) are toxic, widely-distributed, environmentally persistent, and carcinogenic byproducts of carbon-based fuel combustion. previously, plant studies have shown that pahs induce oxidative stress, reduce growth, and cause leaf deformation as well as tissue necrosis. to understand the transcriptional changes that occur during these processes, we performed microarray experiments on arabidopsis thaliana l. under phenanthrene treatment, and compared the results to ... | 2010 | 20377843 |
| role of the feob protein and siderophore in promoting virulence of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae on rice. | xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae causes bacterial blight, a serious disease of rice. our analysis revealed that the x. oryzae pv. oryzae genome encodes genes responsible for iron uptake through feob (homolog of the major bacterial ferrous iron transporter) and a siderophore. a mutation in the x. oryzae pv. oryzae feob gene causes severe virulence deficiency, growth deficiency in iron-limiting medium, and constitutive production of a siderophore. we identified an iron regulated xss gene cluster, in ... | 2010 | 20382771 |
| translocation of nopp by sinorhizobium fredii usda257 into vigna unguiculata root nodules. | sinorhizobium fredii is a nitrogen-fixing legume symbiont that stimulates the formation of root nodules. s. fredii nodulation of roots is influenced by nop proteins, which are secreted through a type iii secretion system (t3ss). we demonstrate that s. fredii injects nopp into vigna unguiculata nodules in a t3ss-dependent manner. | 2010 | 20382805 |
| comprehensive investigation of marine actinobacteria associated with the sponge halichondria panicea. | representatives of actinobacteria were isolated from the marine sponge halichondria panicea collected from the baltic sea (germany). for the first time, a comprehensive investigation was performed with regard to phylogenetic strain identification, secondary metabolite profiling, bioactivity determination, and genetic exploration of biosynthetic genes, especially concerning the relationships of the abundance of biosynthesis gene fragments to the number and diversity of produced secondary metaboli ... | 2010 | 20382810 |
| jasmonic acid and ethylene modulate local responses to wounding and simulated herbivory in nicotiana attenuata leaves. | jasmonic acid (ja) and ethylene (et) are known to play important roles in mediating plant defense against herbivores, but how they affect development in herbivore-attacked plants is unknown. we used ja-deficient (silenced in lipoxygenase3 [aslox3]) and et-insensitive (expressing a mutated dominant negative form of ethylene response1 [metr1]) nicotiana attenuata plants, and their genetic cross (metr1aslox3), to examine growth and development of these plants under simulated herbivory conditions. a ... | 2010 | 20382894 |
| gene regulation during cold stress acclimation in plants. | cold stress adversely affects plant growth and development and thus limits crop productivity. diverse plant species tolerate cold stress to a varying degree, which depends on reprogramming gene expression to modify their physiology, metabolism, and growth. cold signal in plants is transmitted to activate cbf-dependent (c-repeat/drought-responsive element binding factor-dependent) and cbf-independent transcriptional pathway, of which cbf-dependent pathway activates cbf regulon. cbf transcription ... | 2010 | 20387039 |
| novel insights into the genomic basis of citrus canker based on the genome sequences of two strains of xanthomonas fuscans subsp. aurantifolii. | citrus canker is a disease that has severe economic impact on the citrus industry worldwide. there are three types of canker, called a, b, and c. the three types have different phenotypes and affect different citrus species. the causative agent for type a is xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, whose genome sequence was made available in 2002. xanthomonas fuscans subsp. aurantifolii strain b causes canker b and xanthomonas fuscans subsp. aurantifolii strain c causes canker c. | 2010 | 20388224 |
| a bioinformatics approach to the identification, classification, and analysis of hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins. | hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (hrgps) are a superfamily of plant cell wall proteins that function in diverse aspects of plant growth and development. this superfamily consists of three members: hyperglycosylated arabinogalactan proteins (agps), moderately glycosylated extensins (exts), and lightly glycosylated proline-rich proteins (prps). hybrid and chimeric versions of hrgp molecules also exist. in order to "mine" genomic databases for hrgps and to facilitate and guide research in the fiel ... | 2010 | 20395450 |
| supersage analysis of the nicotiana attenuata transcriptome after fatty acid-amino acid elicitation (fac): identification of early mediators of insect responses. | plants trigger and tailor defense responses after perception of the oral secretions (os) of attacking specialist lepidopteran larvae. fatty acid-amino acid conjugates (facs) in the os of the manduca sexta larvae are necessary and sufficient to elicit the herbivory-specific responses in nicotiana attenuata, an annual wild tobacco species. how facs are perceived and activate signal transduction mechanisms is unknown. | 2010 | 20398280 |
| genetic transformation of cotton with a harpin-encoding gene hpaxoo confers an enhanced defense response against different pathogens through a priming mechanism. | the soil-borne fungal pathogen verticillium dahliae kleb causes verticillium wilt in a wide range of crops including cotton (gossypium hirsutum). to date, most upland cotton varieties are susceptible to v. dahliae and the breeding for cotton varieties with the resistance to verticillium wilt has not been successful. | 2010 | 20398293 |
| whole genome assembly of a natto production strain bacillus subtilis natto from very short read data. | bacillus subtilis natto is closely related to the laboratory standard strain b. subtilis marburg 168, and functions as a starter for the production of the traditional japanese food "natto" made from soybeans. although re-sequencing whole genomes of several laboratory domesticated b. subtilis 168 derivatives has already been attempted using short read sequencing data, the assembly of the whole genome sequence of a closely related strain, b. subtilis natto, from very short read data is more challe ... | 2010 | 20398357 |
| metabolic engineering for ethylene production by inserting the ethylene-forming enzyme gene (efe) at the 16s rdna sites of pseudomonas putida kt2440. | the ethylene-forming enzyme gene (efe) from pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea was transferred into pseudomonas putida kt2440 by recombination at five of the seven 16s rdna sites. pcr analysis demonstrated that strains dc1, dc2 and dc3 contained three, four and five copies of efe, respectively. in contrast to the parent strain which produced ethylene at 14.7 mg h(-1) g(-1) dry weight, strains dc1, dc2 and dc3 produced ethylene at 36.2, 47.2 and 53.8 mg h(-1) g(-1) dry weight, respectively. quanti ... | 2010 | 20399645 |
| mediation of the transition from biotrophy to necrotrophy in hemibiotrophic plant pathogens by secreted effector proteins. | hemibiotrophs, such as phytophthora infestans, exhibit distinct phases of their life cycle: an early asymptomatic biotrophic phase and a late necrotrophic stage that is characterized by tissue degradation and disease symptoms. to date, little is known of the molecular mechanisms that promote each distinct phase, nor those that mediate the transition between the two. we hypothesized that these phytopathogens might secrete distinct classes of effector proteins that first suppress plant defense res ... | 2010 | 20400849 |
| the genuine ligand of a jasmonic acid receptor: improved analysis of jasmonates is now required. | jasmonic acid (ja), its metabolites, such as the methyl ester or amino acid conjugates as well as its precursor 12-oxophytodienoic acid (opda) are lipid-derived signals. ja, opda and ja-amino acid conjugates are known to function as signals in plant stress responses and development. more recently, formation of ja-amino acid conjugates and high biological activity of ja-isoleucine (ja-ile) were found to be essential in ja signaling. a breakthrough was the identification of jaz proteins which inte ... | 2010 | 20404483 |
| physiological regulation and functional significance of shade avoidance responses to neighbors. | plants growing in dense vegetations compete with their neighbors for resources such as water, nutrients and light. the competition for light has been particularly well studied, both for its fitness consequences as well as the adaptive behaviors that plants display to win the battle for light interception. aboveground, plants detect their competitors through photosensory cues, notably the red:far-red light ratio (r:fr). the r:fr is a very reliable indicator of future competition as it decreases i ... | 2010 | 20404496 |
| nonhost resistance to magnaporthe oryzae in arabidopsis thaliana. | rice blast, caused by magnaporthe oryzae, is a devastating disease of rice (oryza sativa). the mechanisms involved in resistance of rice to blast have been studied extensively and the rice--m. oryzae pathosystem has become a model for plant--microbe interaction studies. however, the mechanisms involved in nonhost resistance (nhr) of other plants to rice blast are still poorly understood. we have recently demonstrated that agb1 and pmr5 contribute to pen2-mediated preinvasion resistance to m. ory ... | 2010 | 20404515 |
| phosphorylation of receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases by bacterial flagellin. | molecular mechanisms that distinguish self and non-self are fundamental in innate immunity to prevent infections in plants and animals. recognition of the conserved microbial components triggers immune responses against a broad spectrum of potential pathogens. in arabidopsis, bacterial flagellin was perceived by a leucine-rich repeat-receptor-like kinase (lrr-rlk) fls2. upon flagellin perception, fls2 forms a complex with another lrr-rlk bak1. the intracellular signaling events downstream of fls ... | 2010 | 20404519 |
| wrky72-type transcription factors contribute to basal immunity in tomato and arabidopsis as well as gene-for-gene resistance mediated by the tomato r gene mi-1. | wrky transcription factors play a central role in transcriptional reprogramming associated with plant immune responses. however, due to functional redundancy, typically the contribution of individual members of this family to immunity is only subtle. using microarray analysis, we found that the paralogous tomato wrky genes slwrky72a and b are transcriptionally up-regulated during disease resistance mediated by the r gene mi-1. virus-induced gene silencing of these two genes in tomato resulted in ... | 2010 | 20409007 |
| arabidopsis and the plant immune system. | understanding the fundamental mechanisms of plant disease resistance is of central importance to sustainable agriculture and human health. use of the model plant arabidopsis thaliana has resulted in an explosion of information regarding both disease resistance and susceptibility to pathogens. the last 20 years of research have demonstrated the commonalities between arabidopsis and crop species. in this review, commemorating the 10th anniversary of the sequencing of the arabidopsis genome, we wil ... | 2010 | 20409278 |
| kinetic and structural insights into the mechanism of ampylation by vops fic domain. | the bacterial pathogen vibrio parahemeolyticus manipulates host signaling pathways during infections by injecting type iii effectors into the cytoplasm of the target cell. one of these effectors, vops, blocks actin assembly by ampylation of a conserved threonine residue in the switch 1 region of rho gtpases. the modified gtpases are no longer able to interact with downstream effectors due to steric hindrance by the covalently linked amp moiety. herein we analyze the structure of vops and its evo ... | 2010 | 20410310 |
| [lipopolysaccharides of pseudomonas syringae. structure and immunologic and chemical characteristics as a basis for the strain classification]. | 2010 | 20411661 | |
| receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases integrate signaling from multiple plant immune receptors and are targeted by a pseudomonas syringae effector. | cell-surface-localized plant immune receptors, such as fls2, detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) and initiate pamp-triggered immunity (pti) through poorly understood signal-transduction pathways. the pathogenic pseudomonas syringae effector avrpphb, a cysteine protease, cleaves the arabidopsis receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase pbs1 to trigger cytoplasmic immune receptor rps5-specified effector-triggered immunity (eti). analyzing the function of avrpphb in plants lacking rps5, we ... | 2010 | 20413097 |
| 99th dahlem conference on infection, inflammation and chronic inflammatory disorders: innate immune responses in plants. | plants rely exclusively upon mechanisms of innate immunity. current concepts of the plant innate immune system are based largely on two forms of immunity that engage distinct classes of immune receptors. these receptors enable the recognition of non-self structures that are either conserved between members of a microbial class or specific to individual strains of a microbe. one type of receptor comprises membrane-resident pattern recognition receptors (prrs) that detect widely conserved microbe- ... | 2010 | 20415853 |
| cell-associated hemolysis activity in the clinical strain of pseudomonas fluorescens mfn1032. | mfn1032 is a clinical pseudomonas fluorescens strain able to grow at 37 degrees c. mfn1032 cells induce necrosis and apoptosis in rat glial cells at this temperature. this strain displays secretion-mediated hemolytic activity involving phospholipase c and cyclolipopeptides. under laboratory conditions, this activity is not expressed at 37 degrees c. this activity is tightly regulated and is subject to phase variation. | 2010 | 20416103 |
| comparative genome analysis provides insights into the evolution and adaptation of pseudomonas syringae pv. aesculi on aesculus hippocastanum. | a recently emerging bleeding canker disease, caused by pseudomonas syringae pathovar aesculi (pae), is threatening european horse chestnut in northwest europe. very little is known about the origin and biology of this new disease. we used the nucleotide sequences of seven commonly used marker genes to investigate the phylogeny of three strains isolated recently from bleeding stem cankers on european horse chestnut in britain (e-pae). on the basis of these sequences alone, the e-pae strains were ... | 2010 | 20419105 |
| deficiencies in jasmonate-mediated plant defense reveal quantitative variation in botrytis cinerea pathogenesis. | despite the described central role of jasmonate signaling in plant defense against necrotrophic pathogens, the existence of intraspecific variation in pathogen capacity to activate or evade plant jasmonate-mediated defenses is rarely considered. experimental infection of jasmonate-deficient and jasmonate-insensitive arabidopsis thaliana with diverse isolates of the necrotrophic fungal pathogen botrytis cinerea revealed pathogen variation for virulence inhibition by jasmonate-mediated plant defen ... | 2010 | 20419157 |
| investigating the function of caf1 deadenylases during plant stress responses. | alteration of gene expression plays a central role in the transmission of developmental and environmental signals. the steady-state transcript level within a cell is determined by the combination of the rate synthesis and the rate of degradation. while altering the rate of mrna turnover is known to provide a rapid mechanism to reprogram transcript levels, research has largely focused on changes in transcriptional regulation as a mechanism to control mrna levels. however, recent studies have begu ... | 2010 | 20421740 |
| phospholipids act as secondary receptor during the entry of the enveloped, double-stranded rna bacteriophage phi6. | bacteriophage phi6 is the type member of the family cystoviridae and infects gram-negative pseudomonas syringae cells. the virion consists of a protein-rich lipid envelope enclosing a nucleocapsid. the nucleocapsid covers the icosahedral polymerase complex that encloses the double-stranded rna genome. here, we demonstrate that nucleocapsid surface protein p8 is the single nucleocapsid component interacting with the cytoplasmic membrane. this interaction takes place between p8 and phospholipid. b ... | 2010 | 20427561 |
| the acetyltransferase activity of the bacterial toxin yopj of yersinia is activated by eukaryotic host cell inositol hexakisphosphate. | plague, one of the most devastating diseases in human history, is caused by the bacterium yersinia pestis. the bacteria use a syringe-like macromolecular assembly to secrete various toxins directly into the host cells they infect. one such yersinia outer protein, yopj, performs the task of dampening innate immune responses in the host by simultaneously inhibiting the mapk and nfkappab signaling pathways. yopj catalyzes the transfer of acetyl groups to serine, threonine, and lysine residues on ta ... | 2010 | 20430892 |