Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| high rate of indigenous bronchiolitis and palivuzumab. | 2001 | 11547779 | |
| different respiratory syncytial virus and quillaja saponin formulations induce murine peritoneal cells to express different proinflammatory cytokine profiles. | the recognition of a pathogen or a vaccine antigen formulation by cells in the innate immune system leads to production of proinflammatory cytokines, which will determine the ensuing acquired immune response quantitatively and qualitatively. tumour necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha, interleukin (il)-1 and il-6 are the first set of cytokines produced upon such an encounter, which have roles both in protective immunity and immunopathogenesis evident with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). rsv antigens i ... | 2001 | 11549417 |
| developing a synagis clinic for respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) can be devastating to premature infants and children with chronic lung disease. palivizumab (synagis) is a monoclonal antibody that is administered monthly by injection to prevent rsv infection in infants at high risk. this article describes a nurse-run ambulatory clinic to provide rsv prophylaxis. coordination with other agencies, including community neonatal intensive care units, was essential to the clinic's success. for each of its first 2 years of operation ... | 2001 | 11552574 |
| targeting of nasal mucosa-associated antigen-presenting cells in vivo with an outer membrane protein a derived from klebsiella pneumoniae. | administration of vaccines by the nasal route has recently proven to be one of the most efficient ways for inducing both mucosal and systemic antibody responses in experimental animals. our results demonstrate that p40, a well-defined outer membrane protein a from klebsiella pneumoniae, is indeed a carrier molecule suitable for nasal immunization. using fragments from the respiratory syncytial virus subgroup a (rsv-a) g protein as antigen models, it has been shown that p40 is able to induce both ... | 2001 | 11553588 |
| novel carbocyclic nucleosides containing a cyclobutyl ring: adenosine analogues. | (1s,1'r)-cis-1-(3'-aminomethyl-2',2'-dimethylcyclobutyl)ethanol (1) and (1s,1'r)-cis-1-[3'-(2-aminoethyl)-2',2'-dimethylcyclobutyl]ethanol (2) were used as precursors in the synthesis of cyclobutyl nucleoside analogues containing adenine and 8-azaadenine moieties, which were tested as antiviral and antitumoral agents in a variety of assay systems. compounds 8 and 9 displayed significant activity against respiratory syncytial virus, and compounds 14 and 15 were moderately active against vaccinia ... | 2001 | 11558606 |
| alternative mechanisms of respiratory syncytial virus clearance in perforin knockout mice lead to enhanced disease. | virus-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes are key effectors for the clearance of virus-infected cells and are required for the normal clearance of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in mice. although perforin/granzyme-mediated lysis of infected cells is thought to be the major molecular mechanism used by cd8(+) cytotoxic t lymphocytes for elimination of virus, its role in rsv has not been reported. here, we show that viral clearance in perforin knockout (pko) mice is slightly delayed but that both p ... | 2001 | 11559824 |
| immune induction and modulation in mice following immunization with dna encoding f protein of respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is one of the principal agents of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in young children. thus, there is a strong need to make a safe and effective vaccine against the rsv infection. dna immunization is very effective at inducing both cellular and humoral immune responses. in this study, we inserted the rsv-f gene into expression vectors, pcdna3.1 and pqe. these constructs were transformed into c2c12 and e. coli m15 cells, respectively. the expression of the rsv-f protei ... | 2001 | 11561730 |
| incidence of respiratory syncytial virus-positive hospitalizations in germany. | epidemiological data, especially population-based data, on respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-related hospitalizations in germany have been lacking to date. since palivizumab (synagis, abbott, usa) is already available and new vaccines for active immunization are under development, these data are urgently needed. from july 1996 to june 1999, nasopharyngeal aspirates of children hospitalized in kiel with an acute respiratory tract infection were tested by multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase ... | 2001 | 11561800 |
| passively acquired antibodies suppress humoral but not cell-mediated immunity in mice immunized with live attenuated respiratory syncytial virus vaccines. | a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccine will need to be administered by 1 mo of age to protect young infants; therefore, it will need to be effective in the presence of maternally acquired rsv abs. in the present study, the immunogenicity and efficacy of two live attenuated rsv vaccine candidates of different level of attenuation were evaluated in mice passively immunized with varying quantities of rsv abs. the replication of the rsv vaccines was suppressed in the lower, but not the upper, r ... | 2001 | 11564809 |
| a comparison of nested polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence for the diagnosis of respiratory infections in children with bronchiolitis, and the implications for a cohorting strategy. | cohorting bronchiolitis patients infected with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and/or influenza viruses is paramount in preventing cross-infection of these viruses in hospital. nested polymerase chain reaction (npcr) was compared with immunofluorescence (if) for the detection of rsv subtypes a and b in children with suspected bronchiolitis. co-infection with influenza a(h3n2), chlamydia spp. and picornavirus/rhinovirus was also investigated using molecular techniques.a total of 50 nasopharynge ... | 2001 | 11567557 |
| the who vaccine trial registry. | the who vaccine trial registry prospectively registers clinical vaccine studies supported by who. through december 1999, the registry includes 103 studies from 43 countries, with nearly 80% in developing countries. the registry documents an expanding research capacity, with an average of 3.9 new studies per year during 1987-1993, rising to 10.7 per year during 1994-2000. the studies concern a broad spectrum of infectious organisms, including: clostridium tetani (tetanus), dengue virus, enterotox ... | 2001 | 11567743 |
| airway pressure release ventilation with a short release time in a child with acute respiratory distress syndrome. | airway pressure release ventilation (aprv) allows ventilation and oxygenation to occur at lower peak and mean airway pressures than conventional positive pressure ventilation. the use of aprv in adults is an effective method of ventilation for patients with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. however, the use of aprv in children is less established. we report the use of aprv with a short release time of 0.2 s in a child with acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to ... | 2001 | 11572754 |
| antiviral action of euphorbium compositum and its components. | euphorbium compositum sn (biologische heilmittel heel gmbh, baden-baden, germany, a homeopathic combination preparation available in form of drops, nasal spray, and injection solution), is prescribed for inflammation of the mucosae of the nose and sinuses. infections in these areas are primarily of viral origin although bacterial superinfections are also common. | 2001 | 11574744 |
| [surveillance for nosocomial infections in pediatric hematology/oncology patients]. | immunocompromised patients in pediatric hematology-oncology are faced with an increased risk of nosocomial infections (ni). the incidence of ni and the contribution of certain risk factors have not sufficiently been investigated in this population. it is therefore unknown how many ni are preventable through infection control measures. the surveillance of ni in pediatric hematology-oncology departments should focus on device-associated infections (central venous catheter infection, urinary tract ... | 2001 | 11577370 |
| [acute bronchiolitis: evaluation of evidence-based therapy]. | bronchiolitis is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and produces significant morbidity. limited progress has been made in the treatment of this disease and, in many cases, the therapy employed is controversial and mainly based on general recommendations and not on evidence-based strategies. this report uses evidence-based methodology to provide a critical review of the data available on the treatment of acute bronchiolitis (understood as the first episode of respir ... | 2001 | 11578544 |
| [acute bronchiolitis: fundamentals of a rational protocol]. | bronchiolitis is the most frequent respiratory tract disease in the first 2 years of life. it occurs in epidemics in winter and spring. etiology is viral and the most frequent causative agent is respiratory syncytial virus. in most patients the disease is benign and self-limiting and only occasionally requires hospitalization. in daily clinical practice, one of the problems most frequently faced by the pediatrician is the lack of agreement on the correct pharmacological treatment of bronchioliti ... | 2001 | 11578545 |
| respiratory syncytial virus subgroup a in hospitalized children in zarqa, jordan. | the epidemiology of rsv infection was investigated in 271 children aged less than 2 years admitted to the zarqa government hospital, jordan with bronchiolitis or bronchopneumonia. nasopharyngeal washings were cultured and rsv antigen was detected by the direct immunofluorescence technique. of the 271 specimens, 69 (25.46%) were positive for rsv, representing 50.36% of the respiratory viruses. all rsv isolates were typed as subgroup a by monoclonal antibody and confirmed by rt-pcr. rsv was preval ... | 2001 | 11579865 |
| residual dna quantification in clinical batches of bbg2na, a recombinant subunit vaccine against human respiratory syncytial virus. | bbg2na, a well-defined recombinant protein produced in escherichia coli, is a promising human respiratory syncytial virus subunit vaccine candidate. this study describes the quantification of residual dna in large scale batches used in phase i to iii clinical trials. two different analytical methods were developed and applied on five different final bulks of drug substance and their associated in process control samples, namely a chemiluminescent hybridisation assay and the total dna threshold s ... | 2001 | 11580216 |
| a chimeric human-bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 expressing measles virus hemagglutinin is attenuated for replication but is still immunogenic in rhesus monkeys. | the chimeric recombinant virus rhpiv3-n(b), a version of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) that is attenuated due to the presence of the bovine piv3 nucleocapsid (n) protein open reading frame (orf) in place of the hpiv3 orf, was modified to encode the measles virus hemagglutinin (ha) inserted as an additional, supernumerary gene between the hpiv3 p and m genes. this recombinant, designated rhpiv3-n(b)ha, replicated like its attenuated rhpiv3-n(b) parent virus in vitro and in the upper an ... | 2001 | 11581420 |
| effect of practice variation on resource utilization in infants hospitalized for viral lower respiratory illness. | hospital care for children with viral lower respiratory illness (vlri) is highly variable, and its relationship to severity and impact on outcome is unclear. using the pediatric comprehensive severity index, we analyzed the correlation of institutional practice variation with severity and resource utilization in 10 children's medical centers. | 2001 | 11581435 |
| influenza a infection is an important cause of febrile seizures. | to compare the incidence of febrile seizures in children hospitalized for influenza a infection with parainfluenza and adenovirus infection and to examine the hypothesis that children hospitalized for influenza a (variant sydney/h3n2) during the 1998 season in hong kong had more frequent and refractory seizures when compared with other respiratory viruses, including the a/wuhan h3n2 variant that was present in the previous year. | 2001 | 11581471 |
| [assessing the cost of the first episode of bronchiolitis]. | each year, a quarter of the children younger than 24 months has respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. the morbidity among high-risk infants and the possible association with the development of asthma lead to propose preventive measures whose cost-effectiveness relationship is unknown. the present work was aimed at measuring costs of a first attack of bronchiolitis. | 2001 | 11582932 |
| effect of rsv bronchiolitis practice guidelines on resource utilization. | we sought to determine whether institution of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) practice guidelines decreased resource utilization for a heterogeneous population of children hospitalized with rsv bronchiolitis. patients less than 24 months old with rsv bronchiolitis at a pediatric referral center were identified by retrospective chart review for consecutive rsv seasons. before the guidelines were instituted patients were less likely to have a documented physician's assessment of response to albu ... | 2001 | 11583047 |
| ribavirin--current status of a broad spectrum antiviral agent. | ribavirin is a very broad-spectrum virustatic antiviral agent, first synthesised in 1972. it is characterised by low toxicity apart from reversible anaemia, usually mild. its multiple mechanisms of action mean that viral resistance rarely develops. it can be administered orally, intravenously, or via a nebuliser. it has shown varying degrees of clinical efficacy in a variety of human diseases including respiratory tract infections due to respiratory syncytial virus and influenza, measles, herpes ... | 2001 | 11585000 |
| community and nosocomially acquired respiratory syncytial virus infection in a german paediatric hospital from 1988 to 1999. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants. since epidemiological data from germany are scarce, a large retrospective hospital based analysis was performed. in the first part of the study, laboratory records were checked for rsv positive specimens from january 1988 to december 1997. a total of 1664 specimens were positive corresponding to 1171 episodes in 1064 patients; 88% were up to 4 years old and 47% up to 3 months old. the percentag ... | 2001 | 11585076 |
| epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus infection among paediatric inpatients in northern taiwan. | 2001 | 11585085 | |
| immunopathogenesis of vaccine-enhanced rsv disease. | inducing a strong immune response is an essential aim of vaccination. although immune responses to virus infections are usually protective, they can also be harmful. the best-documented examples of an immune response increasing disease severity are with dengue, measles and respiratory syncytial virus infections. in the 1960s, administration of formalin-inactivated, tissue culture grown rsv (fi-rsv) was found to induce strong elisa binding but poor virus-neutralising antibody. infants given this ... | 2001 | 11587806 |
| respiratory syncytial virus vaccine development. | development of an rsv vaccine for infants has been hindered by the lack of an ideal animal model that exhibits disease, and the challenge of effectively immunizing very young infants who are immunologically immature. nevertheless, significant progress has been made recently in developing live attenuated viruses and protein subunit vaccine candidates. numerous vaccine candidates are currently in early clinical trials. this paper reviews the significant obstacles to development of rsv vaccines, an ... | 2001 | 11587807 |
| viral pneumonia and hemoptysis. | 2001 | 11588490 | |
| high rates of hospitalisation for bronchiolitis in inuit children on baffin island. | it has been suspected that inuit children on baffin island suffer from severe, recurrent episodes of bronchiolitis, but this has never been documented previously. this study is a retrospective chart review of children less than 48 months of age hospitalised at baffin regional hospital, nunavut with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis over a one year period. this study documented that the admission rate for bronchiolitis in the first year of life was 306 per 1000 infants on baffin island, with an intuba ... | 2001 | 11590877 |
| visualization and characterization of respiratory syncytial virus f-specific cd8(+) t cells during experimental virus infection. | ctl play a major role in the clearance of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) during experimental pulmonary infection. the fusion (f) glycoprotein of rsv is a protective ag that elicits ctl and ab response against rsv infection in balb/c mice. we used the strategy of screening a panel of overlapping synthetic peptides corresponding to the rsv f protein and identified an immunodominant h-2k(d)-restricted epitope (f(85-93); kyknavtel) recognized by cd8(+) t cells from balb/c mice. we enumerated the ... | 2001 | 11591747 |
| involvement of microbial respiratory pathogens in acute interstitial pneumonia in feedlot cattle. | to evaluate viral and bacterial respiratory pathogens and mycoplasma spp isolated from lung tissues of cattle with acute interstitial pneumonia (aip) and cattle that had died as a result of other causes. | 2001 | 11592313 |
| respiratory virus infections after stem cell transplantation: a prospective study from the infectious diseases working party of the european group for blood and marrow transplantation. | community-acquired respiratory virus infections are a cause of mortality after stem cell transplantation (sct). a prospective study was performed at 37 centers to determine their frequency and importance. additional cases were also collected to allow the analysis of risk factors for severe infection. forty episodes were collected in the prospective study and 53 additional episodes through subsequent case collection. the frequency of documented respiratory virus infections was 3.5% among 819 allo ... | 2001 | 11593321 |
| prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection in high risk infants. | the incidence of serious rsv illness in premature infants and in infants with cld can be reduced. prophylaxis in infants with chd and cystic fibrosis seem prudent as well, and clinical trials are currently under way to evaluate the use of synagis in these high-risk groups. synagis is preferred for most high-risk children because of its ease of administration, safety and effectiveness. the dose for synagis is 15 mg/kg i.m. monthly during rsv season. | 2001 | 11594047 |
| targets of anti-influenza chemotherapy other than neuraminidase and proton pump. | antiviral chemotherapy for influenza started with treatment with amantadine and then progressed with finding the clinical efficacy of neuraminidase (na) inhibitors. beside amantadine and na inhibitors, there are several compounds that attack novel targets of influenza virus (fluv) replication. binding and penetration of fluv to cell membrane are important stages in the process of virus replication, and several compounds that inhibit these functions have been reported, although most of them have ... | 2001 | 11594684 |
| influence of maternal antibodies on neonatal immunization against respiratory viruses. | vaccines that successfully prevent severe infant respiratory virus diseases should induce protection at a very young age because of the low age of patients who are hospitalized owing to these viruses. candidate respiratory virus vaccines are being tested in infants who are naïve to infection but seropositive to the viral agents because they possess maternal igg antibodies (abs). transplacental maternal abs may be partially protective against disease caused by respiratory virus infections. carefu ... | 2001 | 11595986 |
| respiratory syncytial virus. | 2001 | 11596600 | |
| respiratory syncytial virus. | 2001 | 11596601 | |
| identification and molecular characterization of 18 paramyxoviruses isolated from snakes. | viral agents from 18 different snake species (families colubridae, viperidae, and crotalidae) showing respiratory symptoms and neuronal disease were identified as paramyxoviruses by typical cytopathogenic effect (cpe), electron microscopy, and hemagglutination inhibition. detailed molecular characterization of the viruses was performed by partial l- and f-gene-specific reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and sequencing, nucleotide and amino acid sequence alignment, and phylo ... | 2001 | 11597749 |
| bovine respiratory syncytial virus can induce apoptosis in mdbk cultured cells. | bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) is a major cause of respiratory disease in calves. brsv infection is associated with epithelial cell death and inflammation. over the past few years, a growing number of viruses have been found to induce apoptosis. in order to determine the ability of brsv to induce apoptosis, we studied the effect of brsv infection in cultured mdbk cells. we used ligation-mediated pcr assay to detect specific blunt-end cellular dna fragments produced by cellular endonuc ... | 2001 | 11600265 |
| synergistic effects of gene-end signal mutations and the m2-1 protein on transcription termination by respiratory syncytial virus. | individual mononegavirus genes terminate with a short cis-acting element, the gene-end (ge) signal, that directs polyadenylation and termination and might also influence the efficiency of reinitiation at the next downstream gene. the 12-13 nucleotide (nt) ge signals of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) consist of a conserved pentanucleotide (3'-ucaau, negative sense), followed by a 3-nt middle region that is au-rich but otherwise not conserved, followed by a 4- or 5-nt poly(u) region that ... | 2001 | 11601901 |
| mycobacterial and nonbacterial pulmonary complications in hospitalized patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection: a prospective, cohort study. | a prospective observational study was done to describe nonbacterial pulmonary complications in hospitalized patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. | 2001 | 11602023 |
| involvement of toll-like receptor 4 in innate immunity to respiratory syncytial virus. | the mammalian toll-like receptor 4, tlr4, is an important component in the innate immune response to gram-negative bacterial infection. the role of tlr4 in antiviral immunity has been largely unexplored. in this study, the in vivo immune responses to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza virus infection were examined in tlr4-deficient (c57bl/10scncr) and tlr4-expressing (c57bl/10sn) mice. tlr4-deficient mice challenged with rsv, but not influenza virus, exhibited impaired natural kille ... | 2001 | 11602714 |
| replication-competent or attenuated, nonpropagating vesicular stomatitis viruses expressing respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) antigens protect mice against rsv challenge. | foreign glycoproteins expressed in recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) can elicit specific and protective immunity in the mouse model. we have previously demonstrated the expression of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) g (attachment) and f (fusion) glycoprotein genes in recombinant vsv. in this study, we demonstrate the expression of rsv f and g glycoproteins in attenuated, nonpropagating vsvs which lack the vsv g gene (vsvdeltag) and the incorporation of these rsv proteins into recombi ... | 2001 | 11602747 |
| increased replication of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in pulmonary infiltrates is associated with enhanced histopathological disease in bonnet monkeys (macaca radiata) pre-immunized with a formalin-inactivated rsv vaccine. | the pathology of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease in bonnet monkeys parallels findings with human rsv disease. rsv-infected animals pre-immunized with a formalin-inactivated (fi) rsv vaccine develop inflammation in peribronchiolar, perivascular, interstitial and intra-alveolar sites with lung inflammation scores significantly higher than animals with a primary rsv infection and those pre-immunized with an fi-vero cell control vaccine (p=0.05). animals previously infected and re-exposed ... | 2001 | 11602778 |
| ifns activate toll-like receptor gene expression in viral infections. | toll-like receptors (tlrs) mediate innate immune responses to microbes. tlr2, tlr5, tlr6, and tlr9 have been implicated in responses to bacterial components, and tlr4 is the receptor for gram-negative bacteria. recently, tlr4 was described to function in respiratory syncytial virus-induced nf-kappab activation. here we have analyzed tlr1-9 mrna expression in human primary macrophages infected with influenza a and sendai viruses. tlr1, tlr2, tlr4, tlr6, and tlr8 mrnas were expressed at basal leve ... | 2001 | 11607792 |
| factors predicting compliance with palivizumab in high-risk infants. | palivizumab must be administered monthly by intramuscular injection throughout the rsv season to maintain the serum concentration at a level sufficient to provide protection against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). the objective of this study is to determine factors associated with completing all doses of palivizumab. the method was a survey mailed to the families of 385 high-risk children who were eligible to receive palivizumab at columbus children's hospital in 1998-1999. seventy-eight perc ... | 2001 | 11607852 |
| activation of cellular genes in the mucosal epithelium by respiratory syncytial virus: implications in disease and immunity. | 2001 | 11642637 | |
| acute epiglottitis: a presentation of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. | the incidence of acute epiglottitis in children has declined with the introduction of the haemophilus influenzae b vaccine in 1992. we report a case of acute epiglottitis in a child secondary to an immunocompromised state. we suggest that when acute epiglottitis is diagnosed in a child we should ensure there is no underlying predisposing condition. | 2001 | 11667996 |
| immunopathology in rsv infection is mediated by a discrete oligoclonal subset of antigen-specific cd4(+) t cells. | vaccination with the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) attachment (g) protein results in immune-mediated lung injury after natural rsv infection with pathogenic features characteristic of an exaggerated th2 response. here we demonstrate that approximately half of the cd4(+) t cells infiltrating the lungs of g-primed mice utilize a single v beta gene (v beta 14) with remarkably limited cdr3 diversity. furthermore, elimination of these v beta 14-bearing cd4(+) t cells in vivo abolishes the type 2- ... | 2001 | 11672545 |
| a combination vaccine confers full protection against co-infections with influenza, herpes simplex and respiratory syncytial viruses. | combined/composite vaccines should be useful in reducing the number of vaccinations and provide more flexibility in confronting biological warfare scenarios. we tested the effectiveness of a composite genetic vaccine designed from previously known protective antigens directed against influenza a virus (inf-a), herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1) and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in a mouse-based challenge. immunizing mice with a pool of four plasmids; inf-a haemagglutinin (ha), inf-a nucleop ... | 2001 | 11672920 |
| antiviral therapeutics for the pediatric population. | 2001 | 11673719 | |
| antiviral activities of lactoferrin. | lactoferrin (lf) is an iron binding glycoprotein that is present in several mucosal secretions. many biological functions have been ascribed to lf. one of the functions of lf is the transport of metals, but lf is also an important component of the non-specific immune system, since lf has antimicrobial properties against bacteria, fungi and several viruses. this review gives an overview of the present knowledge about the antiviral activities and, when possible, the antiviral modes of action of th ... | 2001 | 11675140 |
| a cost-benefit analysis of rsv prophylaxis in high-risk infants. | to determine the cost and benefit of using rsv-ig and palivizumab as prophylactic therapy against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-associated illness in high-risk infants. | 2001 | 11675842 |
| use of a thin film biosensor for rapid visual detection of pcr products in a multiplex format. | rapid, sensitive assays for nucleic acid amplification products have utility for the identification of bacterial or viral infections. we have developed a nucleic acid hybridization assay utilizing thin film technology that permits visual detection of hybrids. the silicon-based biosensor detects the presence of target sequences by enzymatically transducing the formation of nucleic acid hybrids into molecular thin films. these films alter the interference pattern of light on the biosensor surface, ... | 2001 | 11679253 |
| subgroups a and b respiratory syncytial virus isolated in ehime prefecture, 1995-1999. | 2001 | 11684787 | |
| respiratory virus infections in adult t cell-depleted transplant recipients: the role of cellular immunity. | little is known about the role of cellular immunity in respiratory virus infections after bone marrow transplantation. | 2001 | 11685123 |
| gene expression in epithelial cells in response to pneumovirus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) are viruses of the family paramyxoviridae, subfamily pneumovirus, which cause clinically important respiratory infections in humans and rodents, respectively. the respiratory epithelial target cells respond to viral infection with specific alterations in gene expression, including production of chemoattractant cytokines, adhesion molecules, elements that are related to the apoptosis response, and others that remain incompletely ... | 2001 | 11686888 |
| an improved protocol for measuring cytotoxic t cell activity in anatomic compartments with low cell numbers. | the study of target cell lysis and cytokine production are valuable tools to characterize antigen-specific t and nk cell function during virus infections. after localized infections in compartments such as the lung or the brain, however, cell numbers isolated from these organs are too low to perform standard assays with individual mice. here, we report a few simple modifications of the classical 51cr release assay allowing reduction of the number of required effector cells by a factor of 10 with ... | 2001 | 11687249 |
| respiratory syncytial virus inhibits apoptosis and induces nf-kappa b activity through a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent pathway. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infects airway epithelial cells, resulting in cell death and severe inflammation through the induction of nf-kappab activity and inflammatory cytokine synthesis. both nf-kappab activity and apoptosis regulation have been linked to phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi 3-k) and its downstream effector enzymes, akt and gsk-3. this study evaluates the role of pi 3-k and its downstream mediators in apoptosis and inflammatory gene induction during rsv infection of airway ... | 2002 | 11687577 |
| the role of antibacterial therapy of acute otitis media in promoting drug resistance. | treatment of acute otitis media (aom) is the leading cause of antibacterial use in children in most developed countries. rates of streptococcus pneumoniae strains resistant to many classes of antibacterial agents have risen dramatically in many countries over the past 20 years. while more restricted use of antibacterial agents for aom would almost certainly slow the rise in resistance, aom is a potentially painful disease and may have suppurative complications such as mastoiditis. in this review ... | 2001 | 11688595 |
| characterization of monoclonal antibodies raised against recombinant respiratory syncytial virus nucleocapsid (n) protein: identification of a region in the carboxy terminus of n involved in the interaction with p protein. | to investigate structure and biological properties of the nucleocapsid (n) protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), we have generated a panel of 16 monoclonal antibodies, raised against recombinant n protein, and epitope mapped seven of these to three antigenic sites (site i aa 16-30; site ii aa 341-350; site iii aa 351-365). characterization by immunofluorescence and by immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that a monoclonal antibody to antigenic site i can detect n protein complexed with ... | 2001 | 11689048 |
| contribution of the respiratory syncytial virus g glycoprotein and its secreted and membrane-bound forms to virus replication in vitro and in vivo. | the surface glycoproteins of viruses can play important roles in viral attachment, entry, and morphogenesis. here, we investigated the role of the attachment g glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in viral infection. rsv g is produced both as a complete, transmembrane form and as an n-terminally truncated form that is secreted. using reverse genetics, we created mutant recombinant rsvs (rrsv) that do not express g (deltag) or express either the secreted or the membrane-bound f ... | 2001 | 11689051 |
| requirement of cysteines and length of the human respiratory syncytial virus m2-1 protein for protein function and virus viability. | the m2-1 protein of human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) promotes processive rna synthesis and readthrough at rsv gene junctions. it contains four highly conserved cysteines, three of which are located in the cys(3)-his(1) motif at the n terminus of m2-1. each of the four cysteines, at positions 7, 15, 21, and 96, in the m2-1 protein of hrsv a2 strain was individually replaced by glycines. when tested in an rsv minigenome replicon system using beta-galactosidase as a reporter gene, c7g, c15g ... | 2001 | 11689613 |
| immunostimulatory dna sequences inhibit respiratory syncytial viral load, airway inflammation, and mucus secretion. | immunostimulatory dna sequences (iss) activate the innate immune system to generate antiviral cytokines, such as ifn-gamma. | 2001 | 11692091 |
| the immunology of the bovine respiratory disease complex. | the bovine respiratory disease complex continues to be an economically important syndrome in an era when immunologic control is likely to become increasingly important. recent studies have yielded a better understanding of the interaction, at the molecular level, of various pathogens with the bovine immune system. improved challenge models for important viral pathogens such as bovine viral diarrhea virus and bovine respiratory syncytial virus have provided evidence of the efficacy of immune resp ... | 2001 | 11692507 |
| eosinophils, eosinophil ribonucleases, and their role in host defense against respiratory virus pathogens. | eosinophils remain among the most enigmatic of cells, as our appreciation of their detrimental activities--e.g., asthma and allergic disease--far outweighs our understanding of their beneficial effects. among the major secretory effector proteins of eosinophils are the ribonucleases eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (edn) and eosinophil cationic protein (ecp) in primates and their orthologs, the eosinophil-associated ribonucleases (ears) in rodents. the rapid diversification observed among these rib ... | 2001 | 11698487 |
| do hepatitis b virus carriers develop atopic diseases? | the prevalence of allergic disorders, such as asthma, hay fever, and atopic dermatitis, has increased dramatically over the past few decades. although the important inherited component in these diseases is well established, the role of environmental factors in relation to allergic disorders has become increasingly topical in the last decade. immunologic data show that different infections can either promote atopy (as in respiratory syncytial virus infections) or inhibit it (as in measles, hepati ... | 2001 | 11703227 |
| overlap between respiratory syncytial virus infection and influenza. | 2001 | 11705477 | |
| contribution of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus to community cases of influenza-like illness: an observational study. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important cause of lower-respiratory-tract infection in children and elderly people, but its effect in other age-groups is uncertain. we did a community-based observational study of rsv infection in community-dwelling individuals of all ages who presented to general practices in the uk with influenza-like illnesses during three successive winters (1995-96, 1996-97, and 1997-98). | 2001 | 11705487 |
| [severe respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in a hematopoietic stem cells transplant recipient]. | 2001 | 11707224 | |
| immune interaction between respiratory syncytial virus infection and allergen sensitization critically depends on timing of challenges. | severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection has been hypothesized to be a risk factor for the development of allergy and asthma, but epidemiologic studies in humans have been inconclusive. by use of a well-characterized murine model of rsv infection and allergic sensitization with ovalbumin, the effect of a preceding severe rsv infection on the development of the pulmonary allergic inflammatory response and airway hyperresponsiveness (ahr) was tested. the impact of prior allergic sensitiz ... | 2001 | 11709778 |
| safety and immunogenicity of a novel recombinant subunit respiratory syncytial virus vaccine (bbg2na) in healthy young adults. | a novel recombinant respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) subunit vaccine, designated bbg2na, was administered to 108 healthy adults randomly assigned to receive 10, 100, or 300 microg of bbg2na in aluminum phosphate or saline placebo. each subject received 1, 2, or 3 intramuscular injections of the assigned dose at monthly intervals. local and systemic reactions were mild, and no evidence of harmful properties of bbg2na was reported. the highest elisa and virus-neutralizing (vn) antibody responses ... | 2001 | 11709789 |
| granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor expressed by recombinant respiratory syncytial virus attenuates viral replication and increases the level of pulmonary antigen-presenting cells. | an obstacle to developing a vaccine against human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is that natural infection typically does not confer solid immunity to reinfection. to investigate methods to augment the immune response, recombinant rsv (rrsv) was constructed that expresses murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (mgm-csf) from a transcription cassette inserted into the g-f intergenic region. replication of rrsv/mgm-csf in the upper and lower respiratory tracts of balb/c mice wa ... | 2001 | 11711604 |
| respiratory syncytial virus m2-1 protein requires phosphorylation for efficient function and binds viral rna during infection. | the m2-1 protein of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus is a transcriptional processivity and antitermination factor. the m2-1 protein has a cys3his1 zinc binding motif which is essential for function, is phosphorylated, and has been shown to interact with the rs virus nucleocapsid (n) protein. in the work reported here, we determined the sites at which the m2-1 protein was phosphorylated and investigated the importance of these phosphorylated residues for m2-1 function in transcription. by combini ... | 2001 | 11711610 |
| differential histopathology and chemokine gene expression in lung tissues following respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) challenge of formalin-inactivated rsv- or bbg2na-immunized mice. | a balb/c mouse model of enhanced pulmonary pathology following vaccination with formalin-inactivated alum-adsorbed respiratory syncytial virus (fi-rsv) and live rsv challenge was used to determine the type and kinetics of histopathologic lesions induced and chemokine gene expression profiles in lung tissues. these data were compared and contrasted with data generated following primary and/or secondary rsv infection or rsv challenge following vaccination with a promising subunit vaccine, bbg2na. ... | 2001 | 11711632 |
| 2-5a-antisense chimeras: inhibitors of respiratory syncytial virus infection. | a new approach to the chemical control of respiratory syncytial virus infection is reviewed in the context of the biology of the virus and previous treatment approaches. conjugation of the interferon action mediator, 2',5'-oligoadenylate (2-5a), to antisense agents provides a strategy for the selective ablation of rna. this application of this technology to respiratory syncytial virus has provided a potent selective inhibitor of virus replication. | 1999 | 11713795 |
| vaccine-enhanced respiratory syncytial virus disease in cotton rats following immunization with lot 100 or a newly prepared reference vaccine. | a formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus vaccine was used to immunize infants in the mid-1960s; when these children later were naturally infected by the virus they developed markedly accentuated disease, and two died. for the present work, a new batch of vaccine was prepared using the original formula. administration of either the old or new vaccines resulted in enhanced lesions in immunized cotton rats subsequently challenged with live virus, although administration of the vaccine red ... | 2001 | 11714962 |
| dnase treatment for atelectasis in infants with severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | respiratory insufficiency due to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis is partly due to the abundance of thickened mucus and the inability to clear it from the airways. mucus in rsv bronchiolitis contains necrotic inflammatory and epithelial cells. the viscoelastic properties of purulent airway secretions are largely due to the presence of highly polymerized deoxyribonucleic acid (dna). recombinant human deoxyribonuclease (rhdnase) is known to liquefy such mucus in patients with cystic ... | 2001 | 11716180 |
| [primary respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice]. | to establish a mice-model of primary respiratory syncytial virus infection. | 2001 | 11718040 |
| respiratory viruses, symptoms, and inflammatory markers in acute exacerbations and stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | the effects of respiratory viral infection on the time course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) exacerbation were examined by monitoring changes in systemic inflammatory markers in stable copd and at exacerbation. eighty-three patients with copd (mean [sd] age, 66.6 [7.1] yr, fev(1), 1.06 [0.61] l) recorded daily peak expiratory flow rate and any increases in respiratory symptoms. nasal samples and blood were taken for respiratory virus detection by culture, polymerase chain reacti ... | 2001 | 11719299 |
| health care utilisation of infants with chronic lung disease, related to hospitalisation for rsv infection. | to compare the use of health care resources and associated costs between infants with chronic lung disease (cld) who had or had not an admission with a proven respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. | 2001 | 11719328 |
| palivizumab. | 2001 | 11721066 | |
| a prospective surveillance of nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus infection in a hematology ward: a single-center experience in japan. | 2001 | 11721978 | |
| suppressive effect of locally produced interleukin-10 on respiratory syncytial virus infection. | interleukin (il)-10 is known to be a multifunctional cytokine. this study was designed to evaluate the role of il-10 during respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection using a c57bl/6 transgenic (tg) mouse model in which the expression of murine il-10 cdna was regulated by a human salivary amylase promoter (il-10 tg mice). these mice expressed a large amount of il-10 in the nasal mucosa and in salivary glands. viral replication in the respiratory tract after intranasal infection with rsv was sup ... | 2001 | 11722651 |
| the ovine respiratory syncytial virus f gene sequence and its diagnostic application. | ruminant respiratory syncytial viruses (rsvs) are classified into 2 subgroups, ovine rsv and bovine rsv. although ovine rsv infects cattle, its contribution to bovine respiratory tract disease has not been established, which is an important issue for vaccine development in cattle. diagnosis by virus isolation or serology has low or variable sensitivity and/or specificity and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) has been recommended as a rapid and sensitive technique for rsv detection. a simple proced ... | 2001 | 11724134 |
| in vitro evaluation of secoiridoid glucosides from the fruits of ligustrum lucidum as antiviral agents. | six secoiridoid glucosides, lucidumoside c (1), oleoside dimethylester (2), neonuezhenide (3), oleuropein (4), ligustroside (5) and lucidumoside a (6), isolated from the fruits of ligustrum lucidum (oleaceae), were examined in vitro for their activities against four strains of pathogenic viruses, namely herpes simplex type i virus (hsv-1), influenza type a virus (flu a), respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and parainfluenza type 3 virus (para 3). antiviral activities were evaluated by the cytopath ... | 2001 | 11724241 |
| rescue of bovine respiratory syncytial virus from cloned cdna: entire genome sequence of brsv strain a51908. | infectious bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) was produced by intracellular co-expression of five plasmid borne cdnas, each under the control of a t7 rna polymerase promoter. these separately encoded a full-length, genetically-marked copy of brsv antigenome along with either brsv or human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) support plasmids, which express n, p, l and m2-1 proteins. hep2 cells were used in transfection and recombinant vaccinia virus (mva-t7) provided t7 rna polymerase to dr ... | 2001 | 11724268 |
| otitis media in greenland. studies on historical, epidemiological, microbiological, and immunological aspects. | this thesis describes the different aspects of otitis media (om) in the population of greenland viewed in a historical and modern clinical perspective. chapter 1 outlines the addressed problems and aims while chapters 2 and 3 deal with historical studies and an evaluation of the present knowledge based on the literature. physical anthropological studies, using skeletal samples of adult eskimo crania from before and after the colonization of greenland in 1721 and information about modern living e ... | 2001 | 11725622 |
| [bronchiolitis and persistent wheezing. is eosinophilia a risk factor?]. | to investigate the final outcome of infants presenting an episode of bronchiolitis and to analyze the risk factors for the development of persistent wheezing, with special attention paid to the presence of eosinophilia during the acute episode. | 2001 | 11730611 |
| clinical profile of serologically diagnosed pneumococcal pneumonia. | to describe the characteristics of serologically diagnosed pneumococcal pneumonia and compare them with those of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) pneumonia and bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia. | 2001 | 11734706 |
| hospitalization costs of respiratory syncytial virus infection. | 2001 | 11734726 | |
| hospitalization rates for respiratory syncytial virus infection in premature infants born during two consecutive seasons. | to collect data on hospitalization rates for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) illness during the season of 1999 to 2000 in nonprophylaxed premature infants < or = 32 weeks gestational age (ga) in spain and compare this with previously published data collected in the season of 1998 to 1999. | 2001 | 11734767 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection of the lower respiratory tract: radiological findings in 108 children. | for years the typical appearance of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced infection of the lower respiratory tract has been discussed. all available studies have led to different results. the aim of this study was to control these results, with 108 children. the age range was 1 day to 10 years (median 7 months). within 72 h of admission, all children developed an rsv infection of the lower respiratory tract. chest x-rays (pa-view) of 55 children under, and 53 children over, the age of 6 mont ... | 2001 | 11734962 |
| risk factors for severe respiratory syncytial virus-associated lower respiratory tract infection in children. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important cause of viral lower respiratory tract infection that can be a life-threatening disease in infants and children. this study was conducted to look for independent risk factors for severe respiratory syncytial virus-associated lower respiratory tract infection (rsv-lri) that required oxygen supplementation or mechanical ventilation. | 2001 | 11737710 |
| respiratory syncytial virus vaccine: a systematic overview with emphasis on respiratory syncytial virus subunit vaccines. | to explore whether rsv vaccines are efficacious in preventing respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory infection (lri). | 2001 | 11738763 |
| maternal vaccines. | acute lower respiratory illness (lri) is the leading cause of disease worldwide as measured by disability-adjusted life years. new strategies are necessary to decrease the disease burden that is largely borne by infants. respiratory syncytial virus is the most important cause of lri in infants. lower respiratory illness can be prevented by endowing infants with high levels of neutralizing antibodies from mothers whose antibodies are boosted during pregnancy with a potent subunit vaccine. another ... | 2001 | 11739030 |
| polymerase chain reaction is more sensitive than viral culture and antigen testing for the detection of respiratory viruses in adults with hematological cancer and pneumonia. | we retrospectively analyzed the value of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the detection of respiratory viral infections in 43 patients with hematological cancer whose bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) samples had been stored. in addition, 17 nose-throat (nt) swabs and 29 blood samples had been obtained. pcr was performed to detect parainfluenza viruses 1-3, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, influenza viruses a and b, enteroviruses, and coronaviruses. viral cultures or antigen testing of bal ... | 2002 | 11740705 |
| glucocorticoid administration accelerates mortality of pneumovirus-infected mice. | the use of glucocorticoids for the treatment of symptoms associated with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection has been questioned. to evaluate the sequelae of glucocorticoid administration in the setting of pneumovirus infection in vivo, hydrocortisone was administered to mice infected with pneumonia virus of mice (pvm), a pneumovirus and natural rodent pathogen that is closely related to rsv and replicates the signs and symptoms of severe human rsv infection. results showed that hydrocor ... | 2001 | 11740726 |
| nitrogen dioxide exposure: effects on airway and blood cells. | this study examined the effects of nitrogen dioxide (no(2)) exposure on airway inflammation, blood cells, and antiviral respiratory defense. twenty-one healthy volunteers were exposed on separate occasions to air and 0.6 and 1.5 ppm no(2) for 3 h with intermittent moderate exercise. phlebotomy and bronchoscopy were performed 3.5 h after each exposure, and recovered cells were challenged with respiratory viruses in vitro. blood studies revealed a 4.1% no(2) dose-related decrease in hematocrit (p ... | 2002 | 11741827 |