Publications

[microsatellite marker analysis of genetic variation between the allotetraploid crucian-carp and their original parents].	twelve individuals from the allotetraploid crucian-carp,common carp, and red crucian carp were analyzed by using 32 pairs microsatellite primers of the poly (ca) type which were isolated from common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) by crooijmans et al. electrophoretogram patterns showed that 15 pairs of microsatellite primers reproducibly produced the well-identifiable bands. the number of alleles per marker varied from 1 to 8, and the size of alleles ranged from 100 bp to 420 bp. the genetic similarit ...	2005	16011029
modelling energetic costs of fish swimming.	the oxygen consumption rates of two cyprinid fishes, carp (cyprinus carpio l.) and roach (rutilus rutilus (l.)), were analysed for a wide range of body mass and swimming speed by computerized intermittent-flow respirometry. bioenergetic models were derived, based on fish mass (m) and swimming speed (u), to predict the minimal speed and mass-specific active metabolic rate (amr) in these fishes (amr=ambuc). mass and speed together explained more than 90% of the variance in total swimming costs in ...	2005	16013050
discovery of a novel immunoglobulin heavy chain gene chimera from common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	in fish, two types of immunoglobulin heavy chain (igh) genes, namely, igm and igd, have been cloned and characterized. recently, a new igh isotype specific to teleosts had been identified from zebra fish, rainbow trout, and fugu. in zebra fish, the domains of this new gene are present upstream of the mu region along the igh locus. during this study, a novel igh chimera (igm-igz) has been discovered from common carp. the cloned cdna encodes a typical leader peptide, a variable region, two constan ...	2005	16025325
comparative evaluation of the alkaline comet assay with the micronucleus test for genotoxicity monitoring using aquatic organisms.	a comparative analysis between the in vivo comet assay and the in vivo micronucleus test (mnt) was carried out in three aquatic organisms suitable for genotoxicity monitoring, carp (cyprinus carpio), rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), and clam (spisula sachalinensis), using a direct-acting mutagen, n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine (mnng), and an indirect mutagen, benzo[a]pyrene (b[a]p). by optimizing the conditions for cell isolation, gill and liver (or digestive glands) were selected as t ...	2006	16026836
the combined use of chemical and biochemical markers to assess water quality along the ebro river.	carp (cyprinus carpio) and barbel (barbus graellsii) were collected from five sites along the ebro river. the study was designed to assess levels of persistent organic pollutants and metals bioaccumulated by fish, and some biochemical responses (cytochrome p450 system, phase ii activities, and metallothioneins) against those pollutants. the highest levels of pcbs and ddts were detected in carp from industrialised areas, which also showed high levels of mercury and cadmium in the liver, and high ...	2006	16040174
exceeding tertiary standards with a pond/reed bed system in norway.	at vidaråsen in norway sewage from a community consisting of 160 people, including a dairy, a food processing workshop, a bakery and a laundry is treated using a pond/reed bed system. the system consists of sludge settlement, pre-treatment surface/vertical-flow constructed wetlands, a 5 m deep enhanced facultative pond, three stabilization ponds, a planted sand filter and finally two horizontal-flow constructed wetlands filled with lightweight aggregate (filtralite-p). the enhanced facultative p ...	2005	16042271
the toxicokinetics of cadmium in carp under normoxic and hypoxic conditions.	temporal depletion of oxygen, i.e. hypoxic events, frequently occurs in natural waters. it has been suggested that accumulation of micro-pollutants increases in aquatic animals as a result of an increased ventilation rate during such occasions. the observed increased toxicity under hypoxia of micro-pollutants may support this hypothesis, but for heavy metals the available uptake studies are contradictory. the present study tests whether accumulation of cadmium in common carp, cyprinus carpio (l. ...	2005	16046241
digestive enzyme patterns and evaluation of protease classes in catla catla (family: cyprinidae) during early developmental stages.	digestive enzymes of catla catla were studied during ontogenic development. specific amylase activity was 0.12+/-0.01 mg maltose mg protein(-1) h(-1) in fish 4 days after hatching (dah) and reached a maximum on (0.41+/-0.12 mg maltose mg protein(-1) h(-1)) 34 dah. total protease activity was minimum (123.2+/-16.5 mu mg protein(-1) min(-1)) on day-8 and reached its highest level (2713+/-147.2 mu mg protein(-1) min(-1)) on day-32. trypsin activity showed constant increasing trend from day-16 onwar ...	2005	16048739
alpha2-macroglobulin in the marine fish sparus aurata.	the alpha2-macroglobulin proteinase inhibitors (alpha2ms) are a family of plasma proteins with the unique ability to inhibit a broad spectrum of proteinases, but are also known as binding proteins for many growth factors and cytokines, including growth hormone and members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily. a partial cdna (475 amino acids) encoding the c-terminus of alpha2m was cloned from the liver of the marine teleostean fish sparus aurata. the deduced amino acid sequence of t ...	2005	16054852
identification of keratins and analysis of their expression in carp and goldfish: comparison with the zebrafish and trout keratin catalog.	with more than 50 genes in human, keratins make up a large gene family, but the evolutionary pressure leading to their diversity remains largely unclear. nevertheless, this diversity offers a means to examine the evolutionary relationships among organisms that express keratins. here, we report the analysis of keratins expressed in two cyprinid fishes, goldfish and carp, by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, complementary keratin blot binding assay, and immunoblotting. we further ...	2005	16059702
[mitochondrial dna variation in diploid and triploid forms of silver crucian carp carassius auratus gibelio].	variation of two mtdna fragments amplified in polymerase chain reaction was compared by the rflp method in a population of the sympatric bisexual (diploid) and gynogenetic (triploid) forms of silver crucian carp. the mtdna haplotypes of all individuals differed in at least 2.5% of nucleotide substitutions and fall into two phylogroups. all gynogenetic individuals have haplotypes of a single phylogroup, whereas haplotypes of diploid fish belonged to both mtdna phylogroups. this testifies to a pos ...	2005	16080606
homology model and molecular dynamics simulation of carp ovum cystatin.	in this study, a homology model of carp ovum cystatin was constructed based on the crystal structure of chicken egg white cystatin. the results of amino acid sequence alignment indicate that these two proteins exhibit 36.11% of sequence identity. the resultant homology model reveals that carp ovum cystatin shares similar folds as chicken egg white cystatin, particularly in the conserved regions of q48-v49-g52 and p98-w99 and the locations of two disulfide bonds, c67-c76 and c90-c110. however, th ...	2005	16080717
behavioral and clinical pathology changes in koi carp (cyprinus carpio) subjected to anesthesia and surgery with and without intra-operative analgesics.	fish surgery is becoming increasingly common in laboratory and clinical settings. behavioral and physiologic consequences of surgical procedures may affect experimental results, so these effects should be defined and, if possible, ameliorated. we document behavioral and clinical pathology changes in koi carp (cyprinus carpio) undergoing surgery with tricaine methanesulphonate (ms-222) anesthesia, with and without intraoperative administration of the opiate butorphanol (0.4 mg/kg intramuscularly) ...	2005	16089168
gill modifications in the freshwater fish cyprinus carpio after subchronic exposure to simazine.		2005	16094895
arachidonic acid and long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid contents in meat of selected poultry and fish species in relation to dietary fat sources.	arachidonic acid (aa) content, long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (pufa) equivalent [lce; calculated as 0.15 x linolenic acid (la) + eicosapentaenoic acid (epa) + docosahexaenoic acid (dha)], and pufa n-6/pufa n-3 ratio were determined in meat [breast meat (bm), thigh meat (tm), and fillets (f), respectively] within four sets of chickens, five sets of turkeys, one set of common carp, and four sets of rainbow trout, fed either commercial diet or diets with manipulated pufa n-3 and pufa n-6 ...	2005	16104803
levels and distribution of organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in sediments and biota from the danube delta, romania.	concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) and organochlorine pesticides (ocps), such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (ddt) and analogues, hexachlorocyclohexanes (hchs) and hexachlorobenzene (hcb), were measured in sediments and biota (invertebrates, 11 fish species and cormorant tissues) collected in 2001 from the danube delta, the biggest european wetland. ddts were the predominant pollutants in all samples. a high variability in the concentra ...	2006	16112310
[effect of increasing the omega-3 fatty acid in the diets of animals on the animal products consumed by humans].	as shown by huge amount of assays in human as well as in animal models, w-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids play important role in the development and maintenance of different organs, primarily the brain, and could be useful in the prevention of different pathologies, mainly the cardiovascular diseases, and, as proposed recently, some psychiatric, dermatological or rheumatological disorders. for ala, the major and cheapest source for human is rapeseed oil (canola oil), and walnut "noix de grenoble" ...	2005	16115466
biochemical effects of lead, zinc, and cadmium from mining on fish in the tri-states district of northeastern oklahoma, usa.	we assessed the exposure of fish from the spring and neosho rivers in northeast oklahoma, usa, to lead, zinc, and cadmium from historical mining in the tri-states mining district (tsmd). fish (n = 74) representing six species were collected in october 2001 from six sites on the spring and neosho rivers influenced to differing degrees by mining. additional samples were obtained from the big river, a heavily contaminated stream in eastern missouri, usa, and from reference sites. blood from each fi ...	2005	16117126
histopathological and electron microscopy studies on sleepy disease of koi cyprinus carpio koi in japan.	koi sleepy disease (ksd) usually occurs when koi cyprinus carpio koi are taken from nursing earthen ponds and placed in cement-lined ponds containing fresh water in spring and autumn in japan. we transfered koi from an earthen pond to tanks containing fresh water and 0.5 % salt water in an attempt to replicate ksd and prevent the onset of ksd, respectively, in the laboratory. ksd broke out after 4 to 5 d, followed by mass mortality (76%: 95/125 fish) within 17 d, in the fresh water. diseased fis ...	2005	16119888
detection and sequence analysis of dna polymerase and major envelope protein genes in koi herpesviruses derived from cyprinus carpio in gunma prefecture, japan.	koi herpesvirus (khv), which is believed to be an emerging virus, causes fatal diseases in carps. since the 1990s, the presence of khv has been confirmed in several countries. in japan, from 2003 to 2004, large outbreaks of khv infection in farmed carps resulted in the death of numerous fishes. from april to may 2004, we collected 43 dead or dying carps exhibiting typical symptoms of khv infection in gunma prefecture. to conduct a molecular epidemiologic study of khv in our prefecture, we amplif ...	2005	16125879
determination of malachite green and leucomalachite green in carp muscle by liquid chromatography with visible and fluorescence detection.	a liquid chromatography-vis/fld method for the analysis of malachite green (mg) and its major metabolite, leucomalachite green (lmg) in carp muscle has been described. the method consists in an extraction with acetonitrile-buffer mixture followed by partioning with dichloromethane. clean up and isolation were performed on scx solid phase extraction (spe) column. chromatographic separation was achieved by using phenyl-hexyl column with an isocratic mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and acet ...	2005	16130786
fiber connections of the central nucleus of semicircular torus in cyprinids.	fiber connections of the presumed auditory portion of the semicircular torus or the central nucleus (tsc) as well as other central and peripheral auditory structures were studied by tract-tracing methods in carp and goldfish. major ascending projections to the tsc originated from the descending octaval nucleus (do) and medullary secondary octaval population (so). toropetal neurons of the do were within the saccular terminal zone. a small number of toropetal do neurons might receive inputs from o ...	2005	16134136
fiber connections of the anterior preglomerular nucleus in cyprinids with notes on telencephalic connections of the preglomerular complex.	fiber connections of the anterior preglomerular nucleus (pga) were studied in carp and goldfish by tracer injection experiments to the nucleus and telencephalon. the pga received fibers from the central nucleus of semicircular torus, perilemniscular nucleus, anterior tuberal nucleus, and medial pretoral nucleus, all of which are presumed auditory structures. the pga projected to the dorsal (ddm) and ventral (vdm) regions of medial part of dorsal telencephalic area. the caudomedial region of late ...	2005	16134137
soluble expression, purification, and stabilization of a pro-apoptotic human protein, carp.	carp is a novel pro-apoptotic protein that has been cloned and characterized in our previous report. previous studies showed that suppression of carp expression results in cell proliferation in several mammalian cell lines and over-expression of carp leads to apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation in seven tumor cell lines [liu et al., carp is a novel caspase recruitment domain containing pro-apoptotic protein, biochem. biophys. res. commun. 293 (2002) 1396]. to obtain soluble and active form ...	2006	16139514
physiological function and metabolism of free d-alanine in aquatic animals.	aquatic crustaceans and some bivalve mollusks contain a large amount of free d-alanine (up to 100 mumol/g wet wt.) in their tissues. under high salinity stress, crustaceans and bivalve mollusks largely accumulate d- and l-alanine irrespective of species examined, together with l-glutamine, l-proline, and glycine of which increases are species dependent. these data indicate that d-alanine is one of the major compatible osmolytes responsible for the intracellular isosmotic regulation in the tissue ...	2005	16141518
interaction between the blood fluke, sanguinicola inermis and humoral components of the immune response of carp, cyprinus carpio.	the effect of sanguinicola inermis on serum antibody and complement activity in cyprinus carpio was assessed using an elisa and haemolytic assays. possible immune evasion strategies were assessed using immunodetection of host proteins on the surface of the parasite. carp acclimatized to 20 or 25 degrees c were infected by exposure to 500 cercariae or injected intraperitoneally with 150 cercariae, and serum monitored over a 63-day period. in cercariae-injected carp, irrespective of time and tempe ...	2005	16145943
parasite assemblages of crucian carp (carassius carassius)--is depauperate composition explained by lack of parasite exchange, extreme environmental conditions or host unsuitability?	recent studies on parasite communities have considered the factors which contribute to variability in parasite infections among populations of one host species. this paper examined parasite assemblages of crucian carp (carassius carassius) in a natural set-up of two distinctive environments inhabited by the same host species and differing in respect to composition of other fish species: ponds, where extreme conditions prevent other fish species from occurring and lakes, where crucian carp coexis ...	2005	16145944
impact of distillery effluent on carbohydrate metabolism of freshwater fish, cyprinus carpio.	the impact of distillery effluent on carbohydrate metabolism of cyprinus carpio was studied at different days during exposure (7, 14, and 21 days) in the ambient temperature of 28 +/- 1 degrees c. oxygen consumption in fish decreased with increasing effluent concentrations as well as duration of exposure. effluent concentrations and exposure durations (days) had a significant effect on oxygen consumption of tested fish (p < 0.0005). total carbohydrate, glycogen content and sdh enzyme activity in ...	2005	16151610
are hearing sensitivities of freshwater fish adapted to the ambient noise in their habitats?	several groups of fishes, among them two thirds of all freshwater fishes, have developed hearing specializations that enhance auditory sensitivity and broaden frequency ranges compared with hearing non-specialists (generalists), which lack such adaptations. it has been speculated that the enhanced sensitivities of these so-called hearing specialists have evolved in quiet habitats such as lakes, backwaters of rivers, slowly flowing streams or the deep sea. to test this hypothesis, noise levels an ...	2005	16155225
passive transfer of maternal antibodies and their existence in eggs, larvae and fry of indian major carp, labeo rohita (ham.).	lack of immune competence in the early stages of life leads to severe mortality in larval stages of different fish species including indian major carp (imc). investigation through indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and agglutination test revealed a significant increase in specific serum antibody response in the brood fish of indian major carp, labeo rohita (ham.) following immunisation with a virulent aeromonas hydrophila bacterin 1 month prior to breeding, which was transferred ...	2006	16157486
the palladin/myotilin/myopalladin family of actin-associated scaffolds.	the dynamic remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton plays a critical role in cellular morphogenesis and cell motility. actin-associated scaffolds are key to this process, as they recruit cohorts of actin-binding proteins and associated signaling complexes to subcellular sites where remodeling is required. this review is focused on a recently discovered family of three proteins, myotilin, palladin, and myopalladin, all of which function as scaffolds that regulate actin organization. while myotilin a ...	2005	16164966
impacts of quicklime (cao) on the toxicity of copper (cuso4, 5h2o) to fish and fish food organisms.	static bioassays of 96 h duration were conducted in the laboratory using fry of common carp (cyprinus carpio), adult tubificid worm (branchiura sowerbyi) and adult copepod plankton (cyclops viridis) to determine lc50 values of cu and cao to these organisms and effects of interaction between cu and cao. ninety-six hour lc(50) values of cu to fry of common carp, worm and copepod were found to be 1.40 mgl(-1), 0.08 mgl(-1) and 0.03 mgl(-1) respectively. cao up to 500 mgl(-1) did not produce any mor ...	2005	16168741
carp (cyprinus carpio l.) innate immune factors are present before hatching.	expression of the innate immune factors, complement factor 3 (c3), alpha2-macroglobulin (alpha2m), serum amyloid a (saa) and a complement factor 1 r/s--mannose binding lectin associated serine protease-like molecule (c1/masp2), was determined with real time quantitative-pcr in carp (cyprinus carpio l.) ontogeny around hatching. furthermore, the expression of c3 mrna and the presence of c3 protein were studied in carp embryos and larvae using in situ hybridisation, western blotting and immunohist ...	2006	16169251
upregulation of carp gdnf mrna by the immunomodulator as101.	although the glia derived neurotrophic factor (gdnf) is defined as a molecule that maintains neuronal cells, it possesses a range of functions outside the nervous system. for example, it is essential for uretric branching in kidney morphogenesis and for regulating the differentiation of stem cells during spermatogenesis, cardiac, hair follicle and vascular differentiation and the maintenance of immune cells. in the present work, the presence of gdnf in carp peripheral blood leukocytes (pbl) and ...	2006	16169589
biochemical properties of ordinary and dark muscle myosin from carp skeletal muscle.	two types of myosin isolated from ordinary (fast) and dark (slow) muscles of carp were examined by atpase and in vitro motility assays. vmax of the atpase activity and sliding velocity of ordinary myosin showed 1.6 and 1.5 times higher activities than those of dark myosin, whereas those of mammalian fast myosin were much higher, 3 to 10 times, than those of slow myosin. although ordinary myosin had almost identical activities to those of mammalian fast myosin, activities of dark myosin was twice ...	2005	16169876
two divergent isotypes of the fourth complement component from a bony fish, the common carp (cyprinus carpio).	duplication and diversification of several complement components is a striking feature of bony fish complement systems. it gives an interesting insight into an evolutionary strategy for the possible enhancement of the repertoire of innate immunity. the present study is aimed at examining diversity in bony fish c4, a member of the thioester-containing complement components. two diverged cdna sequences sharing only approximately 32% identity at the amino acid level were isolated from the common ca ...	2005	16177094
swimming efficiency and the influence of morphology on swimming costs in fishes.	swimming performance is considered a main character determining survival in many aquatic animals. body morphology highly influences the energetic costs and efficiency of swimming and sets general limits on a species capacity to use habitats and foods. for two cyprinid fishes with different morphological characteristics, carp (cyprinus carpio l.) and roach (rutilus rutilus (l.)), optimum swimming speeds (u(mc)) as well as total and net costs of transport (cot, ncot) were determined to evaluate di ...	2006	16177894
infracommunity level aggregation in the monogenean communities of crucian carp (carassius carassius).	aggregation is one of the distinctive features in parasite-host relationships, which has generally been studied at the level of host communities. parasite aggregation at the infracommunity level may nevertheless be important for intraspecific interactions such as parasite mating success and opportunities for cross-fertilization. in the present paper, we studied the infracommunity aggregation of 3 highly abundant dactylogyrus (monogenea) species occurring on the gills of crucian carp (carassius c ...	2005	16178358
temperature and ca2+ dependence of [3h]ryanodine binding in the burbot (lota lota l.) heart.	opening and closing of the cardiac ryanodine (ry) receptor (ryr) are coordinated by the free intracellular ca2+ concentration, thus making the ca2+ binding properties of the ryr important for excitation-contraction coupling. unlike mammalian cardiac ryrs, which lose their normal function at low temperatures, ryrs of ectothermic vertebrates remain operative at 2-4 degrees c, as indicated by ry sensitivity of contractile force. to investigate the mechanisms of low temperature adaptation of ectothe ...	2006	16179490
in vitro effects of staphylococcal leukocidin luke/lukd on the proliferative ability of lymphocytes isolated from common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	various strains of staphylococcus aureus bacteria produce bicomponent toxins such as leukocidin luke/lukd consisting of two subunits s (luke) and f (lukd). the toxin subunits bind to leukocyte cell membrane inducing transmembrane pore formation and subsequent cell lysis. there is a lack of data on the effects of staphylococcal leukocidin luke/lukd on fish immunocompetent cells in vitro. the purpose of the study was to determine the influence of leukocidin luke/lukd on the proliferative ability o ...	2006	16183304
the molecular regulation of exercised-induced muscle fibre hypertrophy in the common carp: expression of myod, pcna and components of the calcineurin-signalling pathway.	growth was investigated over 16 d in juvenile common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) held in either static water (tank rested, tr16) or exercised in a flume at 2.5-3.2 body lengths s-1 for 18 h a day (exercised, e16). relative to the start of the experiment (tr0), the tr16 group showed a 31% increase in body mass (specific growth rate, 1.57% d-1), whereas there was no net change in the e16 group. there was, however, a significant exercise-induced hypertrophy of slow muscle fibres with average fibre cr ...	2005	16185906
[levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzo-furans in sea fish samples in some sea areas in china].	to analyse the levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzo-furans (pcdd/fs) in sea fish samples in some sea area in china surveyed by using isotope dilution hrgc/hrms and was evaluated the local people with pcdd/fs exposure from eating fish.	2005	16194381
activity of superoxide dismutase (sod) and concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (tbars) in liver and muscles of some fish.	in this study we examined superoxide dismutase (sod) activity and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (tbars) concentration in liver and muscles of four fish species: the carp, the brown trout, the white cod and the flounder. higher sod activity and higher tbars concentration was revealed in the tissues of marine fish in comparison to freshwater fish. the highest sod activity was observed in the cod while the highest tbars concentration was in the flounder. the observed differences are proba ...	2005	16196213
differential effects of morphine and naltrexone on the in vitro lh secretion from male and female carp pituitary gland.	the in vitro effects of morphine (10(-10), 10(-8), 10(-6) or 10(-5) m) or/and naltrexone (10(-6) or 10(-8) m) on lh release from male and female carp (cyprinus carpio l.) dispersed pituitary cells (obtained from fish at the time of late gonad recrudescence) were investigated. morphine alone at the lowest tested concentration (10(-10) m) increased lh secretion from the cells of males. on the contrary, in female cell incubations the highest concentrations of morphine (10(-6) or 10(-5) m) significa ...	2005	16198154
comparative study of the estrogenic responses of mirror carp (cyprinus carpio) exposed to treated municipal sewage effluent (lisbon) during two periods in different seasons.	to assess the estrogenic potency of the treated domestic sewage effluent from a sewage treatment plant (stp) located in lisbon (chelas), 60 mirror carp (cyprinus carpio) were exposed to different concentrations of the sewage effluent (0%, 25%, 50% and 100%) for two periods of 28 days in two different seasons (winter/spring). vitellogenin induction in males was used as a biomarker of exposure to xenoestrogens. at the end of the experiment, blood samples were taken for vitellogenin analysis and th ...	2005	16198675
characterization of serum immunoglobulin m of grouper and cdna cloning of its heavy chain.	immunoglobulin m (igm) from the whole serum of grouper fish, epinephelus coioides was purified by affinity chromatography using protein a-sepharose column. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) under reducing conditions revealed that the relative molecular masses (mr) of the equimolar heavy and light chains of igm were 78,000 and 27,000, respectively. the cdnas encoding igm heavy chain comprising its variable (vh) and constant (ch) regions have been cloned and sequ ...	2006	16199094
hey basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors are repressors of gata4 and gata6 and restrict expression of the gata target gene anf in fetal hearts.	the hey basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors are downstream effectors of notch signaling in the cardiovascular system. mice lacking hey2 develop cardiac hypertrophy, often associated with congenital heart defects, whereas combined hey1/hey2 deficiency leads to severe vascular defects and embryonic lethality around embryonic day e9.5. the molecular basis of these disorders is poorly understood, however, since target genes of hey transcription factors in the affected tissues remain elusive ...	2005	16199874
modulating effects of humic acids on genotoxicity induced by water disinfectants in cyprinus carpio.	the use of chlorinated disinfectants during drinking-water production has been shown to generate halogenated compounds as a result of interactions of humic acids with chlorine. such chlorinated by-products have been shown to induce genotoxic effects and consumption of chlorinated drinking-water has been correlated with increased risk for cancer induction in human populations. the aim of this work was to test the potential genotoxic effects on circulating erythrocytes of the fish cyprinus carpio ...	2005	16202643
comparison of evolutionary rates in the mitochondrial dna cytochrome b gene and control region and their implications for phylogeny of the cobitoidea (teleostei: cypriniformes).	it is widely accepted that mitochondrial dna (mtdna) control region evolves faster than protein encoding genes with few exceptions. in the present study, we sequenced the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (cyt b) and control region (cr) and compared their rates in 93 specimens representing 67 species of loaches and some related taxa in the cobitoidea (order cypriniformes). the results showed that sequence divergences of the cr were broadly higher than those of the cyt b (about 1.83 times). however ...	2006	16213167
seasonal environmental changes regulate the expression of the histone variant macroh2a in an eurythermal fish.	adaptation to cold and warm conditions requires dramatic change in gene expression. the acclimatization process of the common carp cyprinus carpio l. in its natural habitat has been used to study how organisms respond to natural environmental changes. at the cellular level, adaptation to cold condition is accompanied by a dramatic alteration in nucleolar structure and a down regulation of the expression of ribosomal genes. we show that the enrichment of condensed chromatin in winter adapted cell ...	2005	16213499
an inexpensive and rapid diagnostic method of koi herpesvirus (khv) infection by loop-mediated isothermal amplification.	koi herpesvirus (khv) affects both juvenile and adult common carp and koi, and is especially lethal to fry. the high mortalities caused by the disease have had a negative impact on the international koi trade. different diagnostic techniques have been used to detect khv, including: isolation of the virus in cell culture, electron microscopy, several pcr tests, elisa and in situ hybridisation. all of these methods are time consuming, laborious and require specialised equipment.	2005	16216123
interleukin-1alpha and tumor necrosis factor alpha modulate cytochrome p450 activities in carp (cyprinus carpio).	in mammals, it has been shown that the activation of host defense mechanisms down-regulates microsomal cytochrome p450 by the liberation of cytokines. we investigated the effect of interleukin-1alpha (il1alpha) and tumor necrosis factoralpha (tnfalpha) on constitutive and 3-methylcholanthrene (3-mc)-induced biotransformation activities in carp. we have first measured the time course response of ethoxyresorufine o-decthylase (erod) activity in liver, head kidney, and spleen 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 days ...	2005	16216629
estrogenic effects in crucian carp (carassius carassius) exposed to treated sewage effluent.	to assess the estrogenicity of a municipal sewage treatment plant, sexually mature crucian carp of both sexes were exposed for 28 days to domestic treated sewage effluent running with a constant flow of water, with tap water and with different concentrations of the sewage effluent (25%, 50% and 100%). vitellogenin (vtg), gonadosomatic index (gsi), hepatosomatic index (hsi), and histological abnormalities were used to assess the estrogenic potency of the effluent. results show a significant (p<0. ...	2005	16216638
glycine modulates the center response of on type rod-dominant bipolar cells in carp retina.	effects of glycine on on type rod-dominant bipolar cells (rbcs) were studied in isolated, superfused carp retina by intracellular recording technique and in carp retinal slice preparation by whole cell recording. glycine of 4mm hyperpolarized rbcs and potentiated their light responses to large light spots, which was reversed by co-application of 10 microm strychnine. it was further found that illumination of the receptive field surround did not affect the depolarizing center response of rbcs. th ...	2005	16216698
efficient expression of transgenes in adult zebrafish by electroporation.	expression of transgenes in muscle by injection of naked dna is widely practiced. application of electrical pulses at the site of injection was demonstrated to improve transgene expression in muscle tissue. zebrafish is a precious model to investigate developmental biology in vertebrates. in this study we investigated the effect of electroporation on expression of transgenes in 3-6 month old adult zebrafish.	2005	16221312
acute toxicity of dichlorvos (ddvp) to fingerling mirror carp, cyprinus carpio l.		2005	16222512
environmental contaminants and biomarker responses in fish from the rio grande and its u.s. tributaries: spatial and temporal trends.	we collected, examined, and analyzed 368 fish of seven species from 10 sites on rivers of the rio grande basin (rgb) during late 1997 and early 1998 to document temporal and geographic trends in the concentrations of accumulative contaminants and to assess contaminant effects on the fish. sites were located on the mainstem of the rio grande and on the arroyo colorado and pecos river in texas (tx), new mexico (nm), and colorado. common carp (cyprinus carpio) and largemouth bass (micropterus salmo ...	2005	16227080
the in vitro effects of cpg oligodeoxynucleotides on the expression of cytokine genes in the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) head kidney cells.	synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides with cpg motifs (cpg-odns) have gained attention because it elicits strong innate immune responses. cpg-odns promote the production of t-helper 1(t(h)1) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. in fish, knowledge of the effects of cpg-odns on the expression of cytokine genes is scarce. in this study, we report that cpg-odns induce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in common carp head kidney leucocytes in vitro. evidence of a t(h)1 type immune stimulation was obs ...	2006	16229898
treatment of aquarium water by denitrifying photosynthetic bacteria using immobilized polyvinyl alcohol beads.	during the purification of an aquarium for carp breeding, a relatively high level of chemical oxygen demand (cod) was removed by filtration systems packed with both alginate- and polyvinyl alcohol (pva)-immobilized gel beads of rhodobacter sphaeroides s. low nitrate accumulation was observed in the alginate gel beads packed system due to denitrification, but high levels of nitrate and nitrite accumulation were observed in the pva gel beads packed system. this phenomenon was caused by the inhibit ...	1999	16232449
regulation of exogenous gene expression in fish cells: an evaluation of different versions of the tetracycline-regulated system.	the exogenous control of foreign gene expression is relevant to both basic research and biotechnological applications. in fish, the number of isolated genes has become larger in the last few years; however an efficient system for controlling gene expression is not yet available. the tetracycline-regulated system has proved to be efficient and it is widely used in mammals, but it has never been tested in fish. this work includes the establishment of the tetracycline-regulated system for use in fi ...	2005	16236467
modulation by melatonin of glutamatergic synaptic transmission in the carp retina.	melatonin is involved in a variety of physiological functions through activating specific receptors coupled to gtp-binding protein. melatonin and its receptors are abundant in the retina. here we show for the first time that melatonin modulates glutamatergic synaptic transmission from cones to horizontal cells (hcs) in carp retina. immunocytochemical data revealed the expression of the mt1 receptor on carp hcs. whole-cell recordings further showed that melatonin of physiological concentrations p ...	2005	16239269
stress-dependent and -independent expression of the myogenic regulatory factors and the marp genes after eccentric contractions in rats.	the relationship between muscle mechanical conditions and gene expression was investigated by varying both stress and contraction mode imposed upon rat dorsiflexors (n= 25), activating them at high or low frequencies (150 hz or 40 hz) either eccentrically or isometrically. muscle physiological, immunohistochemical and gene expression changes were then measured 24 h after the exercise bout. peak stress was the best predictor of muscle injury, independent of contraction mode (i.e. eccentric or iso ...	2006	16239282
functional divergence of duplicated c-myc genes in a tetraploid fish, the common carp (cyprinus carpio).	the proto-oncogene c-myc is thought to be one of the most important genes in controlling cell proliferation. in a tetraploid fish, two c-myc genes (cam1 and cam2) were previously isolated from the common carp, cyprinus carpio, and were shown to have different expression patterns in adult tissues. here we found that cam1 and cam2 proteins had distinct properties in terms of their transcription regulation system, formation of the transcription activator complex myc/max, and transcriptional activat ...	2005	16242865
an overview of health control in croatian aquaculture.	aquaculture is an important segment of croatian fishing industry with long tradition of carp and rainbow trout farming as well as marine aquaculture represented by shellfish (flat oyster and mussels), sea bass and sea bream cultivation and atlantic bluefin tuna fattening. the fish and shellfish diseases survey is regulated by "decree on the measures of animal health protection against infectious and parasite diseases" issued yearly by ministry of agriculture. this report derives from systematic ...	2005	16244940
quantitative structure-toxicity relationships of organophosphorous pesticides to fish (cyprinus carpio).	this study was conducted to determine the relationships between 1381 chemical and structural parameters of 43 organophosphorus pesticides (ops) and their toxicity to fish, cyprinus carpio, using chemoffice 8.03 and dragon 2.1. by multivariate linear regression and intervariable regression analyses, various equations have been derived to calculate the lethal toxicity value, lc(50), for 43 ops found in fish with different levels of toxicity. results show that for all selected ops, especially those ...	2006	16246398
polar filament discharge of myxobolus cerebralis actinospores is triggered by combined non-specific mechanical and chemical cues.	this study presents initial evidence for the requirement of both chemical and mechanical stimuli to discharge polar capsules of myxobolus cerebralis actinospores, the causative agent of salmonid whirling disease. the obligate need for combined discharge triggers was concluded from data obtained in a before/after experimental set-up carried out with individual locally immobilized actinospores. homogenized rainbow trout mucus as chemostimulus and tangency of the apical region of the spores to achi ...	2005	16255819
evolutionary conservation of alternative activation of macrophages: structural and functional characterization of arginase 1 and 2 in carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	classically activated macrophages (camf) play an important role in type-i immune responses and alternatively activated macrophages (aamf) function in type-ii immune responses. while the classical activation of fish macrophages has been well described, the existence of aamf has not yet been described for teleosts. arginase is the characteristic enzyme in aamf and two isoforms have been described for mammals. to study the presence of aamf in a primitive vertebrate species we cloned arginase 1 and ...	2006	16257446
spermatozoal competition in common carp (cyprinus carpio): what is the primary determinant of competition success?	the percentage of sperm motility (92-100%), spermatozoan velocity (112-163 microm.s(-1)) and control hatching rates (83-96%) were evaluated for each of six gold and five green male common carp (cyprinus carpio). in all 30 possible paired combinations of sperm-competition tests, hatching rates of 90-97% were achieved. the mean percentage of offspring sired was strongly influenced by the male used (p < 0.001, r2 = 0.91). the best male sired an average of 88% of the offspring in its competition tes ...	2005	16264099
detection of carp interstitial nephritis and gill necrosis virus in fish droppings.	carp interstitial nephritis and gill necrosis virus (cngv) is an unclassified large dna virus that morphologically resembles members of the herpesviridae but contains a large (ca. approximately 280-kbp) linear double-stranded dna. this virus has also been named koi herpesvirus, koi herpes-like virus, and cyprinid herpesvirus 3. cngv is the cause of a lethal disease that afflicts common carp and koi. by using immunohistochemistry, molecular analysis, and electron microscopy we previously demonstr ...	2005	16269770
preservative effect of combined treatment with electrolyzed nacl solutions and essential oil compounds on carp fillets during convectional air-drying.	the antimicrobial and antioxidant effects on carp fillet samples of treatments with alkaline electrolyzed nacl solution ew (-) prior to treatment with acidic electrolyzed nacl solution ew (+) and 1% solutions of the essential oils consisting of 0.5% carvacrol and 0.5% thymol (1% cv+ty) were tested. first carp fillet samples were treated with ew (-), then ew (+), followed by 1% (c+t), represented as [ew (-)/ew (+)/1% (cv+ty)] for 15 min, during drying at 45 degrees c. samples were subsequently ev ...	2006	16271412
sensitive apoptosis induced by microcystins in the crucian carp (carassius auratus) lymphocytes in vitro.	microcystins including leucine-arginine l-amino acid (mclr) and arginine-arginine l-amino acid (mcrr) can inhibit several serine/threonine protein phosphatases. in this study, we focused on the efficient biomarker for analyzing toxic cyanobacteria blooms using in vitro apoptosis bioassay. we explored the existence of sensitive apoptosis induced by mclr and mcrr on isolated lymphocytes of the crucian carp (carassius auratus) at a low exposure level. apoptosis was detected in vitro and was clearly ...	2006	16271850
arsenic speciation in farmed hungarian freshwater fish.	arsenic speciation analysis was carried out on freshwater farmed fish collected from an area with elevated groundwater arsenic concentrations in hungary as well as from outside of the area (control samples). the arsenic species were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry on methanol extracts of the muscle tissue from the fish. catfish (claries gariepinus) were raised in geothermal water where the average total arsenic concentrations were ...	2005	16277428
genomic organization, gene duplication, and expression analysis of interleukin-1beta in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus).	interleukin-1beta (il-1beta) is one of the pivotal early response pro-inflammatory cytokines that enables organisms to respond to infection and induces a cascade of reactions leading to inflammation. in spite of its importance and two decades of studies in the mammalian species, genes encoding il-1beta were not identified from non-mammalian species until recently. recent research, particularly with genomic approaches, has led to sequencing of il-1beta from many species. clinical studies also sug ...	2006	16280165
the immunomodulatory effects of tuftsin on the non-specific immune system of indian major carp, labeo rohita.	the purpose of this study was to determine if injections of different dosages of tuftsin would enhance the immune response and disease resistance against the infections due to the opportunistic pathogens aeromonas hydrophila and edwardsiella tarda in labeo rohita fingerlings. hence, four different dosages of tuftsin in pbs suspension at the rate of 0, 5, 10, 15 mg kg(-1) body weight of fish were injected intraperitoneally to the fingerlings of l. rohita at 2-week intervals for four times. after ...	2006	16293422
the in vitro effects of some pesticides on carbonic anhydrase activity of oncorhynchus mykiss and cyprinus carpio carpio fish.	systemic carbonic anhydrase (ca) inhibitors are among the most powerful agents to lower intraocular pressure. unfortunately, their use is frequently accompanied by undesired side effects. some are due to the relatively large amounts of drug that have to be systematically administered to inhibit the ca in the ciliary processes. the aim of the present work was to study in vitro effects of some pesticides on ca enzyme obtained from blood of fish, which play a key role in salt- and osmoregulation an ...	2006	16298474
autoradiographic localization and binding study of benzodiazepines receptor sites in carp brain (cyprinus carpio l.).	this study demonstrates, for the first time, by both autoradiography and binding assay that [3h]ro 15-1788 binds to carp brain with a high degree of anatomical selectivity. saturation binding of the radioligand was determined in seven anatomically defined regions and suggested the presence of one class of binding sites (type i-lke). in general, there was a good correlation between the autoradiographic and the binding data. by far, the optic tectum and the vagal, facial, and glossopharyngeal lobe ...	2006	16298509
algorithms for selecting informative marker panels for population assignment.	given a set of potential source populations, genotypes of an individual of unknown origin at a collection of markers can be used to predict the correct source population of the individual. for improved efficiency, informative markers can be chosen from a larger set of markers to maximize the accuracy of this prediction. however, selecting the loci that are individually most informative does not necessarily produce the optimal panel. here, using genotypes from eight species--carp, cat, chicken, d ...	2005	16305328
specific projection of the sensory crypt cells in the olfactory system in crucian carp, carassius carassius.	to study the projection of a special type of sensory neuron called crypt cells in the olfactory system in crucian carp, carassius carassius, we applied the neural tracer 1,1-dilinoleyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (dii) in the olfactory bulb (ob). small crystals of dii were applied in a small area at the synaptic region at the ventral part of the ob, where a population of secondary neurons specific for sex pheromones has been identified. in those samples (4 out of 24) where ...	2006	16306315
[koi herpesvirus disease].	koi herpesvirus (khv) disease emerged at the late 1990s, and has rapidly spread to the world. in japan, khv disease first occurred at october 2003. the disease resulted in mass mortality of wild carp as well as cultured carp. until now, khv-infected carp were found in 42 out of 47 prefectures in japan. only carp cyprinus carpio is susceptible to khv, while goldfish, closely-related species to carp, is not. the affected carp swim lethargically. sunken eyes and gill necrosis are frequently noticed ...	2005	16308541
distribution of persistent organochlorine pesticides in tissue/organ of silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) from guanting reservoir, china.	the concentration of organochlorine pesticides (ocps) in tissues and organs of silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) from guanting reservoir were investigated to evaluate the pollution potential and distribution of ocps. a total of 16 ocps were measured and the concentrations were in the range of 1.61-69.01 ng/g wet weight (ww) for total ocps, 0.16-0.75 ng/g ww for. hcb, 0.75-26.80 ng/g ww for sigmahch (sum of alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-hch) and 0.68-35.94 ng/g ww for sigmaddt( sum of p ...	2005	16312991
a battery of in vivo and in vitro tests useful for genotoxic pollutant detection in surface waters.	since the 1980s, stricter water quality regulations have been promulgated in many countries throughout the world. we discuss the application of a battery of both in vivo and in vitro genotoxicity tests on lake water as a tool for a more complete assessment of surface water quality. the lake water concentrated by adsorption on c18 silica cartridges were used for the following in vitro biological assays: gene conversion, point mutation, mitochondrial dna mutability assays on the diploid saccharomy ...	2006	16313981
reference values for exposure to pah contaminants: comparison of fish from ohio and mid-atlantic streams.	reference values for background exposures of benzo[a]pyrene (bap)- and naphthalene (naph)-type metabolites were calculated for white sucker, northern hog sucker, and rock bass from the mid-atlantic region based on the 90th percentile of a probability-based sample. preliminary findings are presented for common carp. bile was collected from fish and assayed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites using the fluorescent method of lin et al. exposure reference values for white sucker were 0.3 ...	2006	16314983
structure-activity relationship of neuropeptide gamma derived from mammalian and fish.	this study of relationship between structure and biologic activity was performed using five neuropeptide gammas [npgamma; mammalian-npgamma (m-npgamma), trout-npgamma (t-npgamma), goldfish-npgamma (g-npgamma), bowfin-npgamma (b-npgamma), and shark-npgamma (s-npgamma)]. circular dichroism (cd) spectra showed that all peptides took random structure in buffer solution. in neutral and acidic liposomes, m-npgamma, t-npgamma, b-npgamma, and s-npgamma still adopted random structure, while g-npgamma had ...	2005	16316456
assessment of mosquito larvicidal potency of cyclic lipopeptides produced by bacillus subtilis strains.	in this study, mosquito larvicidal potency of cyclic lipopeptides (clps) secreted by two bacillus subtilis strains were determined. lc50 of the crude clps secreted by b. subtilis dm-03 and dm-04 strains against third instar larvae of culex quinquefasciatus was 120.0+/-5.0 and 300.0+/-8.0mg/l respectively post 24 h of treatment. physico-chemical factors such as ph of water, incubation temperature, heating and exposure to sunlight hardly influenced the larvicidal potency of these clps. present stu ...	2006	16316617
gender distinction in neural discrimination of sex pheromones in the olfactory bulb of crucian carp, carassius carassius.	studies on projection of the sensory neurons onto the olfactory bulb in fish have revealed a clear subdivision into spatially different areas that each responded specifically to different classes of odorants. amino acids induce activity in the lateral part, bile salts induce activity in the medial part, and alarm substances induce activity in the posterior part of the medial olfactory bulb. in the present study, we demonstrate a new feature of the bulbar chemotopy showing that neurons specifical ...	2006	16322086
evidence for recombination of mitochondrial dna in triploid crucian carp.	in this study, we report the complete mitochondrial dna (mtdna) sequences of the allotetraploid and triploid crucian carp and compare the complete mtdna sequences between the triploid crucian carp and its female parent japanese crucian carp and between the triploid crucian carp and its male parent allotetraploid. our results indicate that the complete mtdna nucleotide identity (98%) between the triploid crucian carp and its male parent allotetraploid was higher than that (93%) between the triplo ...	2006	16322508
the tapeworm ligula intestinalis (cestoda: pseudophyllidea) inhibits lh expression and puberty in its teleost host, rutilus rutilus.	the tapeworm ligula intestinalis occurs in the body cavity of its cyprinid second intermediate host, in this study the roach rutilus rutilus, and inhibits host gonadal development. the mechanism by which infected fish are prevented from reproducing is unknown. comparison of parameters, such as body length and weight, and condition factor and age, between infected and uninfected individuals, indicated only minor effects of parasitism on growth and condition. in contrast, seasonal gonadal developm ...	2005	16322554
adjuvant effect of propolis on immunisation by inactivated aeromonas hydrophila in carp (carassius auratus gibelio).		2006	16325428
effects of light on trace elements and triiodothyronine levels in plasma of mirror carp (cyprinus carpio).	the changes of copper, zinc, iron, magnesium, manganese, and triiodothyronine as a result of short- and long-term isothermal exposure to light were determined in the plasma of mirror carp (cyprinus carpio). two groups of fish were subject to a 3-mo treatment that consisted of (1) 8 h of light followed by 16 h of darkness and (2) 16 h of light followed by 8 h of darkness at 25 degrees c. no significant changes were recorded between the two groups at the beginning of the study. after 3 mo, the tri ...	2005	16327068
the ontogeny of mucosal immune cells in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	the ontogeny of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) immune cells was studied in mucosal organs (intestine, gills and skin) using the monoclonal antibodies wcl38 (intraepithelial lymphocytes), wcl15 (monocytes/macrophages) and wci12 (b cells). in addition, recombination activating gene 1 expression was examined in the intestine with real time quantitative pcr and in situ hybridization to investigate extrathymic generation of lymphocytes. wcl38(+) intraepithelial lymphocytes (putative t cells) appeared in t ...	2006	16328358
an in vitro study of long-term potentiation in the carp (cyprinus carpio l.) olfactory bulb.	long-term potentiation (ltp) of synaptic transmission is considered a cellular mechanism for neural plasticity and memory formation. previously, we showed that in the carp olfactory bulb, ltp occurs at the dendrodendritic mitral-to-granule cell synapse following tetanic electrical stimulation applied to the olfactory tract, and suggested that it is involved in the process of olfactory memory formation. as a first step towards understanding mechanisms underlying plasticity at this synapse, we exa ...	2006	16328534
induction of cyp1a mrna in carp (cyprinus carpio) from the kalamazoo river polychlorinated biphenyl-contaminated superfund site and in a laboratory study.	the kalamazoo river superfund site in michigan is contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), which were heavily discharged into the river from several paper companies as part of the deinking process in the 1950s through 1970s. we characterized biomarkers of chronic pcb exposure in a resident fish population using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction to examine mrna expression levels of multiple genes in carp (cyprinus carpio) liver from pcb contaminated and referenc ...	2006	16328624
behavioural and hematological responses of cyprinus carpio exposed to mercurial chloride.	the static bioassay experiments were conducted to study the hematological and behavioural responses of cyprinus carpio after exposure to mercuric chloride. three different concentrations i.e. 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 ppm of mercuric chloride (hgcl2) were used for 8, 16, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 124 hrs for evaluating behavioural responses. hematological responses were assessed after 60 days exposure to 0.1 ppm of hgcl2. the changes in body colour, movement, sluggishness or activeness, disbalance etc. constitu ...	2005	16334273
seasonal ovarian cycle in freshwater teleost, labeo rohita (ham.) in tarai region of uttaranchal.	seasonal ovarian cycle, based on histophysiological changes, and correlative variations in liver were studied in an indian major carp, labeo rohita reared in captivity under ambient environmental conditions in tarai region of uttaranchal. the oocyte features used for marking ovarian cycle included nuclear-ooplasmic ratio, yolk vesicle incorporation into ooplasm, number and size of nucleolus and differentiation of follicular layer. based on these features the ovarian cycle in l. rohita was divide ...	2005	16334297
use of a probiotic to control lactococcosis and streptococcosis in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum).	from a comparison of 125 bacterial isolates recovered from the digestive tract of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, and carp, cyprinus sp., a culture was obtained which was effective at preventing clinical disease caused by lactococcus garvieae and streptococcus iniae when used as a feed additive. the culture, aeromonas sobria gc2, was incorporated into the feed and fed to rainbow trout (average weight = 20 g) for 14 days at a dose equivalent to 5 x 10(7) cells g(-1) of feed. whereas the untre ...	2005	16336470
possible implication of macrophages in the regulation of cytochrome p450 activities in carp (cyprinus carpio).	macrophages play a key role in the regulation of cytochrome p450 activity induced by immunostimulants in mammals. we investigated the effects of immunostimulants (lps, dextran sulfate and tilorone) on biotransformation and macrophage activities in carp. the major effect of lps was its capacity to inhibit 3-mc-induced cytochrome p450 activities in the liver and head kidney. basal phase i activities were reduced by tilorone and dextran sulfate in immune organs. tilorone and dextran sulfate differe ...	2006	16337134
fish genomics and biology.	the last common ancestor between fish and mammals dates back to the very origin of the vertebrate lineage and today, half of modern vertebrates are fish. it is thus not surprising that several fish species have played important roles in recent years to advance our understanding of vertebrate genome evolution, to inform us on the structure of human genes, and, somewhat more unexpectedly, to provide leads to understanding the function of genes involved in human diseases. genome sequence comparison ...	2005	16339365
synergistic effect of ultrasound and phthalocyanines on nucleated erythrocytes in vitro.	the synergistic effect of ultrasound (us) and chemicals on cells is known as sonodynamic therapy. in this work, two phthalocyanines (zinc and chloroaluminum) have been tested as potential sonosensitizers for sonodynamic therapy. we studied the effect of us and phthalocyanines on carp erythrocytes, as a nucleated cell model. the level of hemolysis, osmotic fragility, lipid peroxidation and oxidation of hemoglobin were the markers of these reactions. red blood cells were preincubated with phthaloc ...	2005	16344133
a combined phage display scfv library against myxobolus rotundus infecting crucian carp, carassius auratus auratus (l.), in china.	immunological methods have been developed for the diagnosis of myxobolus rotundus but their use has been limited for the prevention and therapy of this serious parasitic pathogen. phage display antibody libraries are a powerful technique for the development of antibodies to molecules of interest and have advantages over traditional hybridroma approaches. in the present study, four antigen fractions related to m. rotundus were prepared and a combined phage display single-chain antibody fragments ...	2006	16351693
molecular cloning and mrna expression analysis of carp embryonic, slow and cardiac myosin heavy chain isoforms.	three embryonic class ii myosin heavy chains (myhs) were cloned from the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.), myhemb1, myhemb2 and myhemb3. myh dna clones were also isolated from the slow muscle of adult carp acclimated to 10 degrees c (myhs10) and 30 degrees c (myhs30). phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that myhemb1 and myhemb2 belonged to the fast skeletal muscle myh clade. by contrast, the sequence of myhemb3 was similar to the adult slow muscle isoforms, myhs10 and myhs30. myhemb1 and myhemb2 ...	2006	16354789