Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| the nutrition of the larva of aëdes aegypti linnaeus. 4. protein and amino-acid requirements. | 1948 | 16748417 | |
| laboratory study on larvicidal properties of leaf extract of calotropis procera (family-asclepiadaceae) against mosquito larvae. | fresh leaf extract of milkweed (calotropis procera) showed larvicidal properties against mosquito larvae of anopheles stephensi, culex quinquefasciatus and aedes aegypti. methanolic extracts of the same plant were, however, more effective as larvicide. c. procera is a weed growing in uncultivated soils as well as in dry, arid zones in indian subcontinent throughout the year. the results of this study suggest the utility of milkweed as potential technology for control of mosquito larvae. | 2005 | 16749273 |
| long-term evolution and functional diversification in the members of the nucleophosmin/nucleoplasmin family of nuclear chaperones. | the proper assembly of basic proteins with nucleic acids is a reaction that must be facilitated to prevent protein aggregation and formation of nonspecific nucleoprotein complexes. the proteins that mediate this orderly protein assembly are generally termed molecular (or nuclear) chaperones. the nucleophosmin/nucleoplasmin (npm) family of molecular chaperones encompasses members ubiquitously expressed in many somatic tissues (npm1 and -3) or specific to oocytes and eggs (npm2). the study of this ... | 2006 | 16751661 |
| sex-, stage- and tissue-specific regulation by a mosquito hexamerin promoter. | a portion of the 5'-flanking region of the female-specific hexamerin gene, hex-1.2, from the mosquito ochlerotatus atropalpus was used to drive expression of the luciferase reporter gene in drosophila melanogaster. the proximal 0.7 kb of 5'-flanking dna were sufficient to partially repress reporter gene activity in males and to drive tissue- and stage-specific expression comparable with that of the endogenous o. atropalpus hex-1.2 gene. the drosophila doublesex transcription factor (dsx), expres ... | 2006 | 16756549 |
| oskar gene expression in the vector mosquitoes, anopheles gambiae and aedes aegypti. | a disease control strategy based on the introduction into mosquito populations of a gene conferring a pathogen-refractory phenotype is currently under investigation. this population replacement approach requires a drive system that will quickly spread and fix antipathogen effector genes in target populations. modified transposable elements containing the control sequences of developmentally regulated genes may provide the basis for a gene drive system that regulates gene mobilization in a sex- a ... | 2006 | 16756555 |
| a novel member of the nsf family in the corn earworm, helicoverpa zea: molecular cloning, developmental expression, and tissue distribution. | n-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein (nsf) is an atpase that plays an essential role in intracellular membrane transport events. we report the cloning of a cdna encoding nsf from the noctuid moth, helicoverpa zea (hez), a major agricultural pest. the amino acid sequence deduced from the cdna indicates that hez-nsf has 88%, 73%, and 70% identities to nsf from manduca sexta, aedes aegypti, and drosophila melanogaster, respectively. northern hybridization analysis clearly shows a 4.4 kb mrna, ... | 2006 | 16757382 |
| periplaneta americana arginine kinase as a major cockroach allergen among thai patients with major cockroach allergies. | periplaneta americana is the predominant cockroach (cr) species and a major source of indoor allergens in thailand. nevertheless, data on the nature and molecular characteristics of its allergenic components are rare. we conducted this study to identify and characterize the p. americana allergenic protein. a random heptapeptide phage display library and monoclonal antibody (mab) specific to a the p. americana component previously shown to be an allergenic molecule were used to identify the mab-b ... | 2006 | 16759988 |
| evolutionary history of a mosquito endosymbiont revealed through mitochondrial hitchhiking. | due to cytoplasmic inheritance, spread of maternally inherited wolbachia symbionts can result in reduction of mitochondrial variation in populations. we examined sequence diversity of the mitochondrial nadh dehydrogenase subunit 4 (nd4) gene in wolbachia-infected (south africa (sa), california and thailand) and uninfected (sa) culex pipiens complex populations. in total, we identified 12 haplotypes (a-l). in infected populations, 99% of individuals had haplotype k. in the uninfected sa populatio ... | 2006 | 16769630 |
| laboratory and semi-field evaluation of mosquito dunks against aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus larvae (diptera: culicidae). | laboratory bioassays and semi-field studies were conducted on the efficacy and longevity of mosquito dunks (7,000 itu/mg bti) in order to determine the concentration-response relationship and the effectiveness on the potency of the bti product against aedes mosquito species based on the who protocol standard methods and to determine the longevity of release for this product against ae. aegypti mosquito larvae in water storage containers. this bio-potency study with the late 3rd instar larvae of ... | 2006 | 16771214 |
| insulated piggybac vectors for insect transgenesis. | germ-line transformation of insects is now a widely used method for analyzing gene function and for the development of genetically modified strains suitable for pest control programs. the most widely used transposable element for the germ-line transformation of insects is piggybac. the site of integration of the transgene can influence gene expression due to the effects of nearby transcription enhancers or silent heterochromatic regions. position effects can be minimized by flanking a transgene ... | 2006 | 16776846 |
| environmental influence on the genetic basis of mosquito resistance to malaria parasites. | the genetic basis of a host's resistance to parasites has important epidemiological and evolutionary consequences. understanding this genetic basis can be complicated by non-genetic factors, such as environmental quality, which may influence the expression of genetic resistance and profoundly alter patterns of disease and the host's response to selection. in particular, understanding the environmental influence on the genetic resistance of mosquitoes to malaria gives valuable knowledge concernin ... | 2006 | 16777744 |
| comparative structure-activity analysis of insect kinin core analogs on recombinant kinin receptors from southern cattle tick boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae) and mosquito aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | the systematic analysis of structure-activity relationships of insect kinins on two heterologous receptor-expressing systems is described. previously, kinin receptors from the southern cattle tick, boophilus microplus (canestrini), and the dengue vector, the mosquito aedes aegypti (l.), were functionally and stably expressed in cho-k1 cells. in order to determine which kinin residues are critical for the peptide-receptor interaction, kinin core analogs were synthesized as an ala-replacement seri ... | 2006 | 16783824 |
| anopheles gambiae immune responses to human and rodent plasmodium parasite species. | transmission of malaria is dependent on the successful completion of the plasmodium lifecycle in the anopheles vector. major obstacles are encountered in the midgut tissue, where most parasites are killed by the mosquito's immune system. in the present study, dna microarray analyses have been used to compare anopheles gambiae responses to invasion of the midgut epithelium by the ookinete stage of the human pathogen plasmodium falciparum and the rodent experimental model pathogen p. berghei. inva ... | 2006 | 16789837 |
| larvicidal diterpenes from pterodon polygalaeflorus. | ethanolic extract from seeds of pterodon polygalaeflorus (benth) has been shown to possess significant larvicidal activity against the mosquito aedes aegypti. bioassay-guided fractionation of the extract led to the isolation and characterization of the know diterpenoid furans 6alpha-hydroxyvouacapan-7beta,17beta-lactone (1), 6alpha,7beta-dihydroxyvouacapan- 17beta-oic acid (2) and methyl 6alpha,7beta-dihydroxyvouacapan-17beta-oate (3). the structures were established from infrared (ir), ultravio ... | 2006 | 16796519 |
| factory-based permethrin impregnation of uniforms: residual activity against aedes aegypti and ixodes ricinus in battle dress uniforms worn under field conditions, and cross-contamination during the laundering and storage process. | the factory-based permethrin coating technique has only recently been developed. consequently, no data are available on residual activity, laundering, and weathering resistance in impregnated battle dress uniforms (bdus) worn under military deployment conditions, or on the cross-contamination potential of such uniforms. herein, factory-impregnated bdus worn-out during military deployment to afghanistan were investigated for residual permethrin concentration, residual efficacy against arthropod v ... | 2006 | 16808123 |
| larvicidal activity of saponin containing extracts and fractions of fruit mesocarp of balanites aegyptiaca. | chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and methanol extracts of fruit mesocarp of balanites aegyptiaca and five fractions from the methanol extract were tested against the aedes aegypti mosquito larvae. all extracts showed larvicidal effects however the highest larval mortality was found in methanol extract. one fraction obtained from the silica gel column chromatography of the latter was found most effective for larval mortality. this fraction also interfered with adult emergence. a concentration o ... | 2006 | 16814957 |
| composition and larvicidal activity of leaves and stem essential oils of chloroxylon swietenia dc against aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi. | the laboratory bioassay of the essential oil and the isolated compounds from chloroxylon swietenia against aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi was carried out to evaluate the larvicidal activity. lc50 value estimated for a. aegypti and an. stephensi were 16.5 and 14.9 microg/ml and 20.2 and 19 microg/ml for leaf and stem oils, respectively. the three sesquiterpenes pregeijerene, geijerene and germacrene d were isolated and their larvicidal activity was evaluated. pregeijerene and geijerene wer ... | 2006 | 16815011 |
| reemergence of dengue virus type-3 (subtype-iii) in india: implications for increased incidence of dhf & dss. | dengue virus infection has recently taken endemic proportion in india implicating all the four known dengue serotypes. there was a major dengue outbreak in northern india including delhi in october- december, 2003 and again in 2004. we have carried out a detailed investigation of the 2004 outbreak by serosurveillance, rt-pcr, nested pcr, virus isolation and genotyping. we also report the molecular epidemiological investigation of these outbreaks. | 2006 | 16824209 |
| towards active community participation in dengue vector control: results from action research in santiago de cuba, cuba. | community participation is advocated as essential for attaining effective dengue prevention, but knowledge of how to foster this is limited. in santiago de cuba, multiple small task forces were created at the neighbourhood level that included all stakeholders in the control of aedes aegypti. the task forces assessed the perceived needs and elaborated action plans to promote specific behavioural change and to reduce environmental risks through social communication strategies and intersectoral loc ... | 2007 | 16824565 |
| effects of climate and different management strategies on aedes aegypti breeding sites: a longitudinal survey in brasília (df, brazil). | to determine the influence of climate and of environmental vector control with or without insecticide on aedes aegypti larval indices and pupae density. | 2006 | 16827711 |
| mechanisms of midgut remodeling: juvenile hormone analog methoprene blocks midgut metamorphosis by modulating ecdysone action. | in holometabolous insects such as mosquito, aedes aegypti, midgut undergoes remodeling during metamorphosis. insect metamorphosis is regulated by several hormones including juvenile hormone (jh) and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e). the cellular and molecular events that occur during midgut remodeling were investigated by studying nuclear stained whole mounts and cross-sections of midguts and by monitoring the mrna levels of genes involved in 20e action in methoprene-treated and untreated ae. aegypti. w ... | 2006 | 16829058 |
| preliminary data on the performance of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus immatures developing in water-filled tires in rio de janeiro. | a monthly survey of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus immatures in discarded tires at a site in metropolitan rio de janeiro showed that ae. albopictus was much more abundant in the rainy season, but ae. aegypti abundance showed a less clear seasonal pattern. pupal masses for ae. albopictus showed a seasonal trend. in contrast, ae. aegypti pupae did not show any clear trend in weight. large ae. albopictus pupae were found in the warmer months, when water volume was higher, ph lower and larval ab ... | 2006 | 16830718 |
| a stochastic population dynamics model for aedes aegypti: formulation and application to a city with temperate climate. | aedes aegypti is the main vector for dengue and urban yellow fever. it is extended around the world not only in the tropical regions but also beyond them, reaching temperate climates. because of its importance as a vector of deadly diseases, the significance of its distribution in urban areas and the possibility of breeding in laboratory facilities, aedes aegypti is one of the best-known mosquitoes. in this work the biology of aedes aegypti is incorporated into the framework of a stochastic popu ... | 2006 | 16832731 |
| reinfestation sources for chagas disease vector, triatoma infestans, argentina. | reinfestation by triatoma infestans after insecticide spraying has caused elimination efforts in the dry chaco region to fail repeatedly. the sources and spatial extent that need to be considered to understand the reinfestation pattern and to plan a comprehensive control program were studied in 2 adjacent rural communities in northwestern argentina from 1993 to 1997. the effects of external, residual, and primary sources on the reinfestation pattern were evaluated by using geographic information ... | 2006 | 16836826 |
| population dynamics of an endogenous meiotic drive system in aedes aegypti in trinidad. | an endogenous meiotic drive system was previously reported to be segregating in the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti l. (diptera: culicidae) population in trinidad. the meiotic driver (m(d)) is tightly linked to the male determining locus and selectively targets sensitive responders linked to the female determining allele, causing fragmentation of female gametes. this results in highly male-biased progeny. the m(d) system was initially studied as a genetic tool for population control with lim ... | 2006 | 16837711 |
| estimating the malaria risk of african mosquito movement by air travel. | the expansion of global travel has resulted in the importation of african anopheles mosquitoes, giving rise to cases of local malaria transmission. here, cases of 'airport malaria' are used to quantify, using a combination of global climate and air traffic volume, where and when are the greatest risks of a plasmodium falciparum-carrying mosquito being importated by air. this prioritises areas at risk of further airport malaria and possible importation or reemergence of the disease. | 2006 | 16842613 |
| infectious clone construction of dengue virus type 2, strain jamaican 1409, and characterization of a conditional e6 mutation. | a full-length infectious cdna clone (ic) was constructed from the genome of the dengue virus type 2 (denv-2) jamaica83 1409 strain, pbac1409ic, by using a bacterial artifical chromosome plasmid system. infectious virus was generated and characterized for growth in cell culture and for infection in aedes aegypti mosquitoes. during construction, an isoleucine to methionine (ile-->met) change was found at position 6 in the envelope glycoprotein sequence between low- and high-passage denv-2 1409 str ... | 2006 | 16847122 |
| attraction of mosquitoes to volatiles associated with blood. | responses of the mosquitoes aedes aegypti, culex quinquefasciatus, and culex nigripalpus to volatiles and compounds associated with bovine and avian blood that were presented in collagen membranes were evaluated in olfactometer and landing assays. the presence of attractants produced by blood was supported by more attraction of all species to blood than water controls in the olfactometer. females of ae. aegypti and cx. quinquefasciatus were more attracted to bovine blood than to avian blood, but ... | 2006 | 16859092 |
| influence of nutritional and physiological status on behavioral responses of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) to deltamethrin and cypermethrin. | excito-repellency responses of aedes aegypti (l.) exposed to deltamethrin and cypermethrin were assessed using an excito-repellency test system. contact irritancy and non-contact repellency assays compared non-bloodfed (unfed) parous (post-gravid), nulliparous, early blood-fed, late blood-fed, sugar-fed, and unmated female mosquitoes for behavioral responses based on nutritional and physiological conditions at the time of testing. rates of escape during contact exposure with either compound were ... | 2006 | 16859095 |
| larvicidal effect of pepper plants on aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae). | ethanolic extracts derived from three species of the piperaceae (pepper) family, piper longum l., p. ribesoides wall., and p. sarmentosum roxb. ex hunt., were evaluated for efficacy against early 4th instar larvae of aedes aegypti mosquitoes using larvicidal bioassays. the highest larvicidal efficacy was established from p. longum, followed by p. sarmentosum and p. ribesoides, with lc50 values of 2.23, 4.06, and 8.13 ppm, respectively. observations of morphological alterations on treated 4th ins ... | 2006 | 16859102 |
| field evaluation of effectiveness of the bg-sentinel, a new trap for capturing adult aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | in recent years, the development of new tools to gather field information about vector ecological parameters has increased. this report evaluated the bg-sentinel trap (bgs-trap), a promising new attempt to improve collection of the dengue vector, aedes aegypti. the efficacy of the bgs-trap was compared with the cdc backpack aspirator, one of the commonest used methods for capturing adult mosquitoes. bgs-traps captured significantly more ae. aegypti males (chi2 = 21.774, df = 1, p < 0.05) and fem ... | 2006 | 16862330 |
| [cloning and identification of the cdna and genomic dna sequences of the defensin gene of anopheles sinensis]. | to clone and identify the cdna sequence and genomic dna sequence of anopheles sinensis defensin gene. | 2006 | 16866140 |
| ecological and immunological determinants of dengue epidemics. | the management of infectious diseases is an increasingly important public health issue, the effective implementation of which is often complicated by difficulties in teasing apart the relative roles of extrinsic and intrinsic factors influencing transmission. dengue, a vector-borne strain polymorphic disease, is one such infection where transmission dynamics are affected by environmental variables as well as immune-mediated serotype interactions. to understand how alternative hypotheses concerni ... | 2006 | 16868086 |
| geographic variation in attraction to human odor compounds by aedes aegypti mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae): a laboratory study. | previous investigations of aedes aegypti response to human odor components have revealed a number of compounds that attract host-seeking females. however, such studies have utilized only a small number of long-term laboratory ae. aegypti colonies. using laboratory y-olfactometers, we studied the attraction of four different ae. aegypti populations (north queensland, australia; florida, usa; singapore; and minas gerais, brazil) to a key attractant compound from human skin, lactic acid. combinatio ... | 2006 | 16868835 |
| a single common portal for clathrin-mediated endocytosis of distinct cargo governed by cargo-selective adaptors. | sorting of transmembrane cargo into clathrin-coated vesicles requires endocytic adaptors, yet rna interference (rnai)-mediated gene silencing of the ap-2 adaptor complex only disrupts internalization of a subset of clathrin-dependent cargo. this suggests alternate clathrin-associated sorting proteins participate in cargo capture at the cell surface, and a provocative recent proposal is that discrete endocytic cargo are sorted into compositionally and functionally distinct clathrin coats. we show ... | 2006 | 16870701 |
| spatial distribution pattern of oviposition in the mosquito aedes aegypti in relation to urbanization in buenos aires: southern fringe bionomics of an introduced vector. | the distribution of aedes aegypti (l) (diptera: culicidae) oviposition in buenos aires city is spatially heterogeneous. oviposition activity was monitored for a year with a grid of 279 traps at 850-m intervals that were serviced weekly. geostatistics were used for the spatial analysis and generalized linear regression to model oviposition as a function of demographic and environmental variables. the proportion of weeks infested and the total number of eggs showed spatial continuity and were high ... | 2006 | 16871702 |
| a reliable morphological method to assess the age of male anopheles gambiae. | release of genetically-modified (gm) or sterile male mosquitoes for malaria control is hampered by inability to assess the age and mating history of free-living male anopheles. | 2006 | 16872516 |
| levocetirizine for treatment of immediate and delayed mosquito bite reactions. | people frequently experience whealing and delayed papules from mosquito bites. various antihistamines have previously been tried for the treatment of this condition. we performed a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study with levocetirizine 5 mg and matched placebo in 30 adults who were sensitive to mosquito bites. on the third treatment day the subjects received two aedes aegypti bites on the forearm. the size of the bite lesions and the intensity of pruritus (visual analogue scale) ... | 2006 | 16874418 |
| analysis of whole body ammonia metabolism in aedes aegypti using [15n]-labeled compounds and mass spectrometry. | we have established a protocol to study the kinetics of incorporation of 15n into glutamine (gln), glutamic acid (glu), alanine (ala) and proline (pro) in aedes aegypti females. mosquitoes were fed 3% sucrose solutions containing either 80 mm 15nh4cl or 80 mm glutamine labeled with 15n in either the amide nitrogen or in both amide and amine nitrogens. in some experiments, specific inhibitors of glutamine synthetase or glutamate synthase were added to the feeding solutions. at different times pos ... | 2006 | 16876704 |
| identification of the aedes aegypti peritrophic matrix protein aeimuci as a heme-binding protein. | the gene aedes aegypti intestinal mucin 1 (aeimuc1) encodes a putative peritrophic matrix (pm) protein that is expressed in the midgut of mosquito larvae and adults and is upregulated in response to exposure to heavy metals. the aeimuc1 protein has a predicted secretory signal peptide and three putative chitin-binding domains (cbds) with an intervening mucin-like domain. immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy experiments established that aeimuc1 is a bona fide pm protein, and binding o ... | 2006 | 16878988 |
| laboratory evaluation of bacillus thuringiensis h-14 against aedes aegypti. | laboratory efficacy and residual activity of a water dispersible granule formulation of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti) at the dosages of 3000, 6000 and 15000 itu/l were conducted in this study. the study was conducted in two different size containers, earthen jar (45 l) and glass jar (3 l) with or without daily replenishment of 6 l and 0.3 l of water in the earthen and glass jars, respectively. results indicate that for both earthen jar and glass jar evaluations, bti at the tested dosa ... | 2005 | 16880748 |
| dengue vector surveillance in urban residential and settlement areas in selangor, malaysia. | ovitrap surveillance was conducted in two urban residential areas (taman samudera timur and taman samudera selatan) and in a settlement area (kampung banjar), which is located 16 km from kuala lumpur city center, malaysia. in taman samudera, dengue cases were reported monthly in 2003/2004. thus, a study was initiated to determine the distribution and abundance of dengue vectors, aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus. the ovitrap surveillance indicated that ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus were present ... | 2005 | 16880752 |
| insecticide resistance development in culex quinquefasciatus (say), aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes albopictus (skuse) larvae against malathion, permethrin and temephos. | laboratory-bred females of culex quinquefasciatus, aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus from the insectarium, unit of medical entomology, institute for medical research were used in the experiment. the late third stage of the f0 larvae which survived the high selection pressure of malathion, permethrin and temephos were reared and colonies were established from adults that emerged. cx. quinquefasciatus larvae were subjected to selection by malathion and permethrin for 40 generations, ae. aegypti l ... | 2005 | 16880753 |
| field bioefficacy of deltamethrin residual spraying against dengue vectors. | field bioefficacy of residual-sprayed deltamethrin against aedes vectors was evaluated in an urban residential area in kuala lumpur. the trial area consisted of single storey wood-brick houses and a block of flat. the houses were treated with outdoor residual spraying while the flat was used as an untreated control. initial pre-survey using ovitrap surveillance indicated high aedes population in the area. deltamethrin wg was sprayed at a dosage of 25mg/m2 using a compression sprayer. the effecti ... | 2005 | 16883280 |
| rapid detection of chikungunya virus in laboratory infected aedes aegypti by reverse-transcriptase- polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). | a study of chikungunya virus was carried out to establish reverse transcriptase- polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) as a rapid detection technique of the virus. the susceptibility of lab-colonized aedes aegypti to chikungunya virus was also determined. artificial membrane feeding technique was used to orally feed the mosquitoes with a human isolate of chikungunya virus. a total of 100 fully engorged female ae. aegypti were obtained and maintained for 7 days. seventy of them survived and then poo ... | 2005 | 16883281 |
| weekly variation on susceptibility status of aedes mosquitoes against temephos in selangor, malaysia. | larvae of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus obtained from 6 consecutive ovitrap surveillance (os) in taman samudera and kg. banjar were evaluated for their susceptibility to temephos. larval bioassays were carried out in accordance with who standard methods, with diagnostic dosage (0.012 mg/l) and operational dosage (1 mg/l) of temephos respectively. aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus obtained from six os in taman samudera showed resistance to diagnostic dosage of temephos with percentage mortali ... | 2005 | 16883288 |
| susceptibility of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus to temephos in four study sites in kuala lumpur city center and selangor state, malaysia. | larvae obtained from taman samudera (gombak, selangor), kampung banjar (gombak, selangor), taman lembah maju (cheras, kuala lumpur) and kampung baru (city centre, kuala lumpur) were bioassayed with diagnostic dosage (0.012 mg/l) and operational dosage (1 mg/l) of temephos. all strains of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus showed percentage mortality in the range of 16.00 to 59.05 and 6.4 to 59.50 respectively, after 24 hours. lt50 values for the 6 strains of ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus were b ... | 2005 | 16883289 |
| protein synthesized by dengue infected aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. | the main objective of this study was to compare protein profiles of whole mosquitoes of malaysian aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus after infection with virus and to investigate whether dengue virus would induce protein secretion in ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus. using sds -page, it was shown that in uninfected ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus, the protein bands were within the range of 14 - 80 kda with most of the bands overlapping for the two species. comparison of the protein profile of infec ... | 2005 | 16883293 |
| isolation and insecticidal/anthelmintic activity of xanthonol, a novel bis-xanthone, from a non-sporulating fungal species. | xanthonol, a novel dimeric xanthone, was isolated from a fermentation broth of a non-sporulating fungal species using sephadex lh20 followed by hplc and the structure elucidated by spectral analysis. xanthonol exhibited insecticidal and anthelmintic activities against larvae of lucilia sericata, aedes aegypti, and haemonchus contortus with ld90 of 33, 8, and 50 microg/ml, respectively. | 2006 | 16883778 |
| cloning and expression of two crystal protein genes, cry30ba1 and cry44aa1, obtained from a highly mosquitocidal strain, bacillus thuringiensis subsp. entomocidus ina288. | two novel crystal protein genes, cry30ba and cry44aa, were cloned from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. entomocidus ina288 and expressed in an acrystalliferous strain. cry44aa crystals were highly toxic to second-instar culex pipiens pallens (50% mortality concentration [lc50] = 6 ng/ml) and aedes aegypti (lc50 = 12 ng/ml); however, cry30ba crystals were not toxic. | 2006 | 16885329 |
| population dynamics of sporogony for plasmodium vivax parasites from western thailand developing within three species of colonized anopheles mosquitoes. | the population dynamics of plasmodium sporogony within mosquitoes consists of an early phase where parasite abundance decreases during the transition from gametocyte to oocyst, an intermediate phase where parasite abundance remains static as oocysts, and a later phase where parasite abundance increases during the release of progeny sporozoites from oocysts. sporogonic development is complete when sporozoites invade the mosquito salivary glands. the dynamics and efficiency of this developmental s ... | 2006 | 16887043 |
| analysis of ests from lutzomyia longipalpis sand flies and their contribution toward understanding the insect-parasite relationship. | an expressed sequence tag library has been generated from a sand fly vector of visceral leishmaniasis, lutzomyia longipalpis. a normalized cdna library was constructed from whole adults and 16,608 clones were sequenced from both ends and assembled into 10,203 contigs and singlets. of these 58% showed significant similarity to known genes from other organisms, <4% were identical to described sand fly genes, and 42% had no match to any database sequence. our analyses revealed putative proteins inv ... | 2006 | 16887324 |
| identification of two cationic amino acid transporters required for nutritional signaling during mosquito reproduction. | the defining characteristic of anautogenous mosquitoes is their requirement for a blood meal to initiate reproduction. the need for blood drives the association of vector and host, and is the primary reason why anautogenous mosquitoes are effective disease vectors. during mosquito vitellogenesis, a key process in reproduction, yolk protein precursor (ypp) gene expression is activated specifically in the fat body, the insect analogue of the vertebrate liver. we have demonstrated that blood meal d ... | 2006 | 16888056 |
| genetic structure and evolution of the vps25 family, a yeast escrt-ii component. | vps25p is the product of yeast gene vps25 and is found in an endosomal sorting complex required for transport (escrt)-ii, along with vps22p and vps36p. this complex is essential for sorting of ubiquitinated biosynthetic and endosomal cargoes into endosomes. | 2006 | 16889659 |
| parallel infection of japanese encephalitis virus and wolbachia within cells of mosquito salivary glands. | the endosymbiont wolbachia usually causes cytoplasmic incompatibility in dipteran hosts, including mosquitoes. however, some important arbovirus-transmitting mosquitoes such as aedes aegypti (l.) are not heritably infected by wolbachia. in wolbachia-harboring mosquito armigeres subalbatus coquillett, colocalization of wolbachia and inoculated japanese encephalitis virus (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, jev) in salivary gland (sg) cells was shown by electron microscopy. the infection rate ... | 2006 | 16892635 |
| comparative potential of aedes triseriatus, aedes albopictus, and aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) to transovarially transmit la crosse virus. | aedes triseriatus (say) (diptera: culicidae), the major vector of la crosse (lac) virus, efficiently transmits lac virus both horizontally and transovarially. we compared the vector competence and transovarial transmission ability of ae. triseriatus, aedes albopictus skuse, and aedes aegypti (l.) for lac virus. ae. triseriatus and ae. albopictus were significantly more susceptible to oral infection with lac virus than ae. aegypti. the three species also differed in oral and disseminated infectio ... | 2006 | 16892636 |
| dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever--a diagnostic challenge. | the number of cases of dengue fever in returning travellers is increasing worldwide. in australia, two mosquito vectors exist and the aedes aegypti mosquito has already been responsible for local transmission within queensland. for these reasons, general practitioners need to be able to recognise dengue fever and its complications: dengue haemorrhagic fever (dhf) and dengue shock syndrome. infections can vary from severe to asymptomatic. the incubation period, duration of fevers, presence of ras ... | 2006 | 16894436 |
| repellency of cinnamomum cassia bark compounds and cream containing cassia oil to aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) under laboratory and indoor conditions. | patch and skin bioassays were used in laboratory and indoor tests to evaluate the repellency of (e)-cinnamaldehyde, identified in cinnamomum cassia blume bark and essential oil, and a cream containing 5% (w/w) cassia oil against aedes aegypti (l.) females. results were compared with those of a known c. cassia compound cinnamyl alcohol, n,n-diethyl-m-toluamide (deet) and two commercial repellents: meimei cream containing citronella and geranium oils and repellan s aerosol containing 19% deet. in ... | 2006 | 16894642 |
| [toxicity of isolates of bacillus thuringiensis from wroclaw against larvae of aedes aegypti]. | seven field isolates of bacillus thuringiensis from the lower silesia, region of poland, the osola plain and phylloplane niches and soil samples from the karkonosze national park were tested in vitro for insecticidal activity against mosquito larvae aedes aegypti. both the spore/crystal mixture and pured crystals from b. thuringienis strains kpc1, kpf3 and opq3 (belonging to the first physiological group including the subspecies japonensis, yoso, jinghongiensis ) proved to be the most active aga ... | 2001 | 16894738 |
| wolbachia transinfection in aedes aegypti: a potential gene driver of dengue vectors. | the endosymbiotic bacteria in the genus wolbachia are capable of inducing a wide range of reproductive abnormalities in their hosts, including cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci), which could lead to the replacement of uninfected host populations with infected ones. because of this, wolbachia have attracted considerable interest as a potential mechanism for spreading disease-blocking transgenes through vector populations. here we report the establishment of double wolbachia transinfection by direct ... | 2006 | 16895998 |
| limited diversity of anopheles darlingi in the peruvian amazon region of iquitos. | anopheles darlingi is the most important malaria vector in the amazon basin of south america, and is capable of transmitting both plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax. to understand the genetic structure of this vector in the amazonian region of peru, a simple polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based test to identify this species of mosquito was used. a random amplified polymorphic dna-pcr was used to study genetic variation at the micro-geographic level in nine geographically separate populations of ... | 2006 | 16896125 |
| effectiveness of zanthoxylum piperitum-derived essential oil as an alternative repellent under laboratory and field applications. | recently, there were considerable efforts made to promote the use of environmentally friendly and biodegradable natural insecticides and repellents, particularly from botanical sources. in this study, zanthoxylum piperitum-derived essential oil isolated by steam distillation was investigated and compared to the standard synthetic repellent, n,n-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet), for repellency against mosquitoes under laboratory and field conditions. the oil of z. piperitum alone and also with 5% ... | 2007 | 16896651 |
| re-emergence of chikungunya virus in malaysia. | an outbreak of chikugunya (chik) fever occurred among the fishing community in bagan pancor, perak. the outbreak was laboratory confirmed within 48 hours after the receipt of the specimens. fifty-three patients' serum samples were submitted for laboratory investigation and 47 (88.7%) were confirmed to be positive for chik infection by rt-pcr, and/or virus isolation, and/or in-house immunoflourescent test. rt-pcr and virus isolation were the tests of choice for patients with illness of four days ... | 2006 | 16898316 |
| chikungunya virus infection. | chikungunya virus (chikv) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus which causes epidemic fever, rash and polyarthralgia in africa and asia. two outbreaks have been reported in malaysia, in klang, selangor (1998) and bagan panchor, perak (2006). it is not known if the outbreaks were caused by the recent introduction of chikv, or if the virus was already circulating in malaysia. seroprevalence studies from the 1960s suggested previous disease activity in certain parts of the country. in asia, chikv is thoug ... | 2006 | 16898330 |
| geographic and temporal genetic patterns of aedes aegypti populations in rio de janeiro, brazil. | rio de janeiro is considered as the most important entry point for dengue viruses in brazil. using isoenzyme markers, we investigated the genetic structure of the mosquito vector aedes aegypti sampled at three-month intervals in 14 districts in rio de janeiro from december 2002 to december 2003. we detected high levels of genetic differentiation (i.e. high f(st) values and significant p values), which tended to persist throughout the year. the species does not take advantage of routes and railwa ... | 2006 | 16903890 |
| [aedes aegypti resistance to temefos in counties of ceará state]. | the susceptibility of aedes aegypti to temefos was evaluated by means of samples of eggs and larvae from four large counties in the state of ceará (fortaleza, barbalha, juazeiro do norte and crato). the technique standardized by the world health organization for tests with larvicides was used. the cl50 of eight samples from populations of aedes was determined, as were their respective resistance ratios, compared to the cl50 of the susceptible rockefeller strain. all populations submitted to the ... | 2006 | 16906249 |
| a novel association between clustered nf-kappab and c/ebp binding sites is required for immune regulation of mosquito defensin genes. | a comparative analysis identified key cis-acting regulatory elements responsible for the temporal control of mosquito defensin gene expression. the promoters of anopheles gambiae defensin 1 and two isoforms of aedes aegypti defensin a are up-regulated by immune challenge. this stimulated activity depends upon a cluster of three nf-kappab binding sites and closely associated c/ebp-like motifs, which function as a unit for optimal promoter activity. binding of nf-kappab and c/ebp like transcriptio ... | 2006 | 16907826 |
| a tapeworm molecule manipulates vitellogenin expression in the beetle tenebrio molitor. | metacestodes of hymenolepis diminuta secrete a molecule that decreases vitellogenin (vg) synthesis in the beetle host, tenebrio molitor. the 5608 bp t. molitor vg cdna represents a single-copy gene encoding a single open reading frame of 1821 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 206 kda. northern blot analysis revealed detectable levels of transcripts only in adult females. in vivo, vg mrna abundance was significantly higher in fat bodies from infected females compared with control fem ... | 2006 | 16907836 |
| genome of invertebrate iridescent virus type 3 (mosquito iridescent virus). | iridoviruses (ivs) are classified into five genera: iridovirus and chloriridovirus, whose members infect invertebrates, and ranavirus, lymphocystivirus, and megalocytivirus, whose members infect vertebrates. until now, chloriridovirus was the only iv genus for which a representative and complete genomic sequence was not available. here, we report the genome sequence and comparative analysis of a field isolate of invertebrate iridescent virus type 3 (iiv-3), also known as mosquito iridescent viru ... | 2006 | 16912294 |
| yellow fever: a disease that has yet to be conquered. | yellow fever virus (yfv) is the prototype member of the genus flavivirus, a group of viruses that are transmitted between vertebrates by arthropod vectors. the virus is found in tropical regions of africa and south america and is transmitted to primates by mosquitoes: aedes spp. in africa and haemagogus and sabethes spp. in south america. despite the availability of an effective vaccine, yellow fever (yf) is considered a reemerging disease owing to its increased incidence in the past 25 years. m ... | 2007 | 16913829 |
| highlights of the xxi annual meeting of the brazilian society of protozoology, the xxxii annual meeting on basic research in chagas' disease & an international symposium on vesicle trafficking in parasitic protozoa--7 to 9 november 2005, caxambu, minas gerais, brazil. | this report focuses on the 2005 annual meeting held in caxambu, minas gerais, brazil that was convened and organized by the brazilian society of protozoology http://www.sbpz.org.br/. this is an annual event and details of these meetings can be found on the society's website. within the space available it has been impossible to cover all the important and fascinating contributions and what is presented are our personal views of the meetings scientific highlights and new developments. the contents ... | 2006 | 16916462 |
| p elements and mite relatives in the whole genome sequence of anopheles gambiae. | miniature inverted-repeat terminal elements (mites), which are particular class-ii transposable elements (tes), play an important role in genome evolution, because they have very high copy numbers and display recurrent bursts of transposition. the 5' and 3' subterminal regions of a given mite family often show a high sequence similarity with the corresponding regions of an autonomous class-ii te family. however, the sustained presence over a prolonged evolutionary time of mites and te master cop ... | 2006 | 16919158 |
| expression, purification, kinetic, and structural characterization of an alpha-class carbonic anhydrase from aedes aegypti (aaca1). | carbonic anhydrases (cas) are zinc-containing metalloenzymes that catalyze the interconversion of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate. the alpha-class cas are found predominantly in vertebrates, but they are also expressed in insects like mosquitoes. recently, an alpha-ca from the midgut of aedes aegypti larvae (aaca1) was identified, cloned, and subsequently shown to share high sequence homologous to human ca i (hca i). this paper presents the bacterial expression, purification, and kinetic characte ... | 2006 | 16920039 |
| host-seeking strategies of mosquito disease vectors. | disease transmission by arthropods normally requires at least 2 host contacts. during the first, a pathogen (nematode, protozoan, or virus) is acquired along with the blood from an infected vertebrate host. the pathogen penetrates the vector's midgut and infects a variety of tissues, where replication may occur during an extrinsic incubation period lasting 3-30, days depending on vector and parasite physiology and ambient temperature. following salivary-gland infection, the pathogen is usually t ... | 2005 | 16921679 |
| sterculia guttata seeds extractives--an effective mosquito larvicide. | the larvicidal activity of ethanol, chloroform and hexane soxhlet extracts obtained from s. guttata seeds was investigated against the ivth instar larvae of dengue fever vector, aedes aegypti and filarial vector, culex quinquefasciatus. all extracts including fractions of ethanol extract exhibited 100% larval kill within 24 hr exposure period at 500 ppm concentration. fraction a1 of ethanol was found to be most promising; its lc50 was 21.552 and 35.520 ppm against c. quinquefasciatus and a. aegy ... | 2006 | 16924837 |
| recent advances in deciphering viral and host determinants of dengue virus replication and pathogenesis. | 2006 | 16928749 | |
| confirmation of tick bite by detection of antibody to ixodes calreticulin salivary protein. | ticks introduce a variety of pharmacologically active molecules into their host during attachment and feeding in order to obtain a blood meal. people who are repeatedly exposed to ticks may develop an immune response to tick salivary proteins. despite this response, people usually are unaware of having been bitten, especially if they are not repeatedly exposed to ticks. in order to develop a laboratory marker of tick exposure that would be useful in understanding the epidemiology of tick-borne i ... | 2006 | 16928887 |
| overlapping functions of argonaute proteins in patterning and morphogenesis of drosophila embryos. | argonaute proteins are essential components of the molecular machinery that drives rna silencing. in drosophila, different members of the argonaute family of proteins have been assigned to distinct rna silencing pathways. while ago1 is required for microrna function, ago2 is a crucial component of the rna-induced silencing complex in sirna-triggered rna interference. drosophila ago2 contains an unusual amino-terminus with two types of imperfect glutamine-rich repeats (grrs) of unknown function. ... | 2006 | 16934003 |
| molecular characterization of insulin-like peptides in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti: expression, cellular localization, and phylogeny. | insulin-like peptides are key regulators of metabolism, reproduction, and senescence in higher eukaryotic organisms. here we present the identification, expression, and tissue localization of eight genes encoding insulin-like peptides (ilps) in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. all eight ilps share the conserved features of the insulin superfamily as prepropeptides consisting of contiguous signal, b, c, and a peptides. however, one of the ilps has a truncated c peptide and a carboxy term ... | 2006 | 16934367 |
| olfactory responses in a gustatory organ of the malaria vector mosquito anopheles gambiae. | the proboscis is an important head appendage in insects that has primarily been thought to process gustatory information during food intake. indeed, in drosophila and other insects in which they have been identified, most gustatory receptors are expressed in proboscis neurons. our previous characterization of the expression of agor7, a highly conserved odorant receptor (or) of the afrotropical malaria vector mosquito anopheles gambiae in the labellum at the tip of the proboscis was suggestive of ... | 2006 | 16938890 |
| sampling mosquitoes with cdc light trap in rice field and plantation communities in ogun state, nigeria. | mosquito species were sampled to determine the mosquito composition and abundance in rice field and plantation communities in ogun state nigeria. mosquitoes were caught once weekly from four selected houses in each of the two communities by means of cdc light traps. a total of 47,501 mosquitoes representing fifteen species were caught in the two communities of which the rice field community accounted for 63.8% of the total catch. mansonia africana constituted the most important biting mosquito i ... | 2005 | 16941935 |
| comparative toxicity effect of bush tea leaves (hyptis suaveolens) and orange peel (citrus sinensis) oil extract on larvae of the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti. | the ethanolic extracts of the orange peel (citrus sinensis) and bush tea leaves (hyptis suaveolens) were compared for their toxicity effect on the larvae of the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti collected from disused tyres beside college of natural sciences building university of agriculture, abeokuta, nigeria. eight graded concentrations, 0.9ppm, 0.8ppm, 0.7ppm, 0.6ppm, 0.5ppm, 0.4ppm, 0.3ppm and 0.2ppm of both plant extracts were tested on the larvae. the mean lethal dose ld10, was 0.15 ppm ... | 2005 | 16941944 |
| molecular characterization of sodium/proton exchanger 3 (nhe3) from the yellow fever vector, aedes aegypti. | transport across insect epithelia is thought to depend on the activity of a vacuolar-type proton atpase (v-atpase) that energizes ion transport through a secondary proton/cation exchanger. although several of the subunits of the v-atpase have been cloned, the molecular identity of the exchanger has not been elucidated. here, we present the identification of sodium/proton exchanger isoform 3 (nhe3) from yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti (aenhe3). aenhe3 localizes to the basal plasma membrane o ... | 2006 | 16943493 |
| avian gis models signal human risk for west nile virus in mississippi. | west nile virus (wnv) poses a significant health risk for residents of mississippi. physicians and state health officials are interested in new and efficient methods for monitoring disease spread and predicting future outbreaks. geographic information systems (gis) models have the potential to support these efforts. environmental conditions favorable for mosquito habitat were modeled using gis to derive wnv risk maps for mississippi. variables important to wnv dissemination were selected and cla ... | 2006 | 16945154 |
| cyt1ca from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis: production in escherichia coli and comparison of its biological activities with those of other cyt-like proteins. | the larvicidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis against dipteran larvae is determined by four major polypeptides of the parasporal crystalline body produced during sporulation. cyt1aa shows the lowest toxicity when used alone but is the most synergistic with any of the other proteins. the sequence of the plasmid pbtoxis, which contains all the toxin genes in this subspecies, revealed a new cyt-like coding sequence named cyt1ca. in addition to the cyt-like region, the predict ... | 2006 | 16946260 |
| [frequency and spatial distribution of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus (diptera, culicidae) in rio de janeiro, brazil]. | we evaluated the intra- and peri-domiciliary distribution of aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus in urban, suburban, and rural districts in the municipalities of nova iguaçu and rio de janeiro, brazil, from august 2002 to july 2004. mostly ae. aegypti females and males were captured in urban areas (56%) and indoors (78%), suggesting a preference by this species to rest inside houses and in areas with high human density, a behavior that favors vector-human contact. meanwhile, ae. albopictus females ... | 2006 | 16951879 |
| high degree of conservancy among secreted salivary gland proteins from two geographically distant phlebotomus duboscqi sandflies populations (mali and kenya). | salivary proteins from sandflies are potential targets for exploitation as vaccines to control leishmania infection; in this work we tested the hypothesis that salivary proteins from geographically distant phlebotomus duboscqi sandfly populations are highly divergent due to the pressure exerted by the host immune response. salivary gland cdna libraries were prepared from wild-caught p. duboscqi from mali and recently colonised flies of the same species from kenya. | 2006 | 16952314 |
| identification, typing, and insecticidal activity of xenorhabdus isolates from entomopathogenic nematodes in united kingdom soil and characterization of the xpt toxin loci. | xenorhabdus strains from entomopathogenic nematodes isolated from united kingdom soils by using the insect bait entrapment method were characterized by partial sequencing of the 16s rrna gene, four housekeeping genes (asd, ompr, reca, and serc) and the flagellin gene (flic). most strains (191/197) were found to have genes with greatest similarity to those of xenorhabdus bovienii, and the remaining six strains had genes most similar to those of xenorhabdus nematophila. generally, 16s rrna sequenc ... | 2006 | 16957209 |
| role of the yellow fever virus structural protein genes in viral dissemination from the aedes aegypti mosquito midgut. | live-attenuated virus vaccines are key components in controlling arboviral diseases, but they must not disseminate in or be transmitted by mosquito vectors. although the cycles in which many mosquito-borne viruses are transmitted are well understood, the role of viral genetics in these processes has not been fully elucidated. yellow fever virus (yfv) is an important arbovirus and the prototype member of the family flaviviridae. here, yfv was used in aedes aegypti mosquitoes as a model to investi ... | 2006 | 16963758 |
| [ecological factors linked to the presence of aedes aegypti larvae in highly infested areas of playa, a municipality belonging to ciudad de la habana, cuba]. | to identify local ecological factors that might have had an impact on the higher infestation rates by the vector mosquito aedes aegypti seen in four urban health districts of ciudad de la habana, cuba, and to determine the type of containers with the highest number of larvae. | 2006 | 16968592 |
| biochemical, molecular, and functional characterization of piscf-allatostatin, a regulator of juvenile hormone biosynthesis in the mosquito aedes aegypti. | aedes aegypti piscf-allatostatin or allatostatin-c (ae-as-c) was isolated using a combination of high performance liquid chromatography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (tof) mass spectrum of positive elisa fractions revealed a molecular mass of 1919.0 da, in agreement with the sequence qiryrqcyfnpiscf, with bridged cysteines. this sequence was confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem tof/tof mass ... | 2006 | 16968697 |
| genomic sequence of spodoptera frugiperda ascovirus 1a, an enveloped, double-stranded dna insect virus that manipulates apoptosis for viral reproduction. | ascoviruses (family ascoviridae) are double-stranded dna viruses with circular genomes that attack lepidopterans, where they produce large, enveloped virions, 150 by 400 nm, and cause a chronic, fatal disease with a cytopathology resembling that of apoptosis. after infection, host cell dna is degraded, the nucleus fragments, and the cell then cleaves into large virion-containing vesicles. these vesicles and virions circulate in the hemolymph, where they are acquired by parasitic wasps during ovi ... | 2006 | 16987980 |
| evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay for detection of dengue virus ns1 antigen in human serum. | we evaluated a one-step sandwich-format microplate enzyme immunoassay for detecting dengue virus ns1 antigen (ag) in human serum by use of platelia dengue ns1 ag kits (bio-rad laboratories, marnes la coquette, france). we collected 299 serum samples from patients with dengue disease and 50 serum samples from patients not infected with dengue virus. for the 239 serum samples from patients with acute infections testing positive by reverse transcription-pcr and/or virus isolation for one of the fou ... | 2006 | 16988003 |
| the meiotic bouquet promotes homolog interactions and restricts ectopic recombination in schizosaccharomyces pombe. | chromosome architecture undergoes extensive, programmed changes as cells enter meiosis. a highly conserved change is the clustering of telomeres at the nuclear periphery to form the "bouquet" configuration. in the fission yeast schizosaccharomyces pombe the bouquet and associated nuclear movement facilitate initial interactions between homologs. we show that bqt2, a meiosis-specific protein required for bouquet formation, is required for wild-type levels of homolog pairing and meiotic allelic re ... | 2006 | 16988108 |
| crystal structures of aedes aegypti alanine glyoxylate aminotransferase. | mosquitoes are unique in having evolved two alanine glyoxylate aminotransferases (agts). one is 3-hydroxykynurenine transaminase (hkt), which is primarily responsible for catalyzing the transamination of 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-hk) to xanthurenic acid (xa). interestingly, xa is used by malaria parasites as a chemical trigger for their development within the mosquito. this 3-hk to xa conversion is considered the major mechanism mosquitoes use to detoxify the chemically reactive and potentially tox ... | 2006 | 16990263 |
| oceans and human health: emerging public health risks in the marine environment. | there has been an increasing recognition of the inter-relationship between human health and the oceans. traditionally, the focus of research and concern has been on the impact of human activities on the oceans, particularly through anthropogenic pollution and the exploitation of marine resources. more recently, there has been recognition of the potential direct impact of the oceans on human health, both detrimental and beneficial. areas identified include: global change, harmful algal blooms (ha ... | 2006 | 16996542 |
| re-introducing bacteria in mosquitoes--a method for determination of mosquito feeding preferences based on coloured sugar solutions. | in this study, sugar-feeding was investigated as a possible means of re-introducing bacteria into mosquito midguts with the aim of identifying bacteria that are suitable for creating paratransgenic mosquitoes. in a paratransgenic approach, bacteria are utilised to deliver effector molecules capable of inhibiting pathogen development in the midgut of the vector. to determine if mosquitoes discriminate between sterile sugar solutions and sugar solutions with bacteria, a method for screening mosqui ... | 2006 | 16999928 |
| acetylcholinesterase genes within the diptera: takeover and loss in true flies. | it has recently been reported that the synaptic acetylcholinesterase (ache) in mosquitoes is encoded by the ace-1 gene, distinct and divergent from the ace-2 gene, which performs this function in drosophila. this is an unprecedented situation within the diptera order because both ace genes derive from an old duplication and are present in most insects and arthropods. nevertheless, drosophila possesses only the ace-2 gene. thus, a secondary loss occurred during the evolution of diptera, implying ... | 0 | 17002944 |
| murine model for dengue virus-induced lethal disease with increased vascular permeability. | lack of an appropriate animal model for dengue virus (den), which causes dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (dhf/dss), has impeded characterization of the mechanisms underlying the disease pathogenesis. the cardinal feature of dhf/dss, the severe form of den infection, is increased vascular permeability. to develop a murine model that is more relevant to dhf/dss, a novel den strain, d2s10, was generated by alternately passaging a non-mouse-adapted den strain between ... | 2006 | 17005698 |
| piggybac is a flexible and highly active transposon as compared to sleeping beauty, tol2, and mos1 in mammalian cells. | a nonviral vector for highly efficient site-specific integration would be desirable for many applications in transgenesis, including gene therapy. in this study we directly compared the genomic integration efficiencies of piggybac, hyperactive sleeping beauty (sb11), tol2, and mos1 in four mammalian cell lines. piggybac demonstrated significantly higher transposition activity in all cell lines whereas mos1 had no activity. furthermore, piggybac transposase coupled to the gal4 dna-binding domain ... | 2006 | 17005721 |