Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| synthesis, cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of podophyllotoxin analogues modified in the e-ring. | several podophyllotoxin derivatives modified in the e-ring were prepared and evaluated for their cytotoxicity on four neoplastic cell lines (p-388, a-549, ht-29 and mel-28) and for their antiherpetic activity against herpes simplex virus type ii. the trimethoxyphenyl moiety was oxidized to ortho-quinone and further condensed with diamines and enamines to form different heterocycles. most of the compounds maintained their cytotoxicity at the mum level and some of them showed antiherpetic activity ... | 2003 | 14575937 |
| lifting the curtain of silence: survivors speak about rape behind bars. | in the struggle to end sexual violence behind bars, personal stories of abuse serve as an important advocacy tool for organizations such as stop prisoner rape (spr). the first-person accounts of men and women who have endured this abuse help to personalize, and thereby, humanize the issue. statistics about the frequency of prisoner rape are powerful, but they can also be numbing, conveying the sense that nothing can be done to stop the problem. personal accounts in contrast, have an emotional im ... | 2003 | 14584537 |
| herpes simplex virus ul14 protein blocks apoptosis. | we report that an hsv-2 ul14 protein expressing cell line (14/hep-2) was more resistant to apoptosis induced by osmotic shock and certain drugs than its parental cell line. furthermore, hsv-1 ul14 protein deletion virus (ul14d) showed weaker inhibition of apoptosis compared to the rescued virus ul14r. the protein's anti-apoptotic function may derive from its heat shock protein-like properties. | 2003 | 14584616 |
| anti-herpes simplex virus activity of substituted 1-hydroxyacridones. | 5-chloro-1,3-dihydroxyacridone, 1, is a potent and selective inhibitor of herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1).(1) substituted 1,3-dihydroxyacridones represent a new class of nonnucleoside hsv-1 inhibitors, and biochemical studies indicate a novel mechanism of action for 1, although the target is not yet defined.(2) with the goal of lead optimization, analogues of 1 were synthesized in an effort to describe the structure-activity relationships between 1 and its hypothetical binding site. modifica ... | 2003 | 14584951 |
| synthesis and biological evaluation of 5-substituted derivatives of the potent antiherpes agent (north)-methanocarbathymine. | the conformationally locked nucleoside, (north)-methanocarbathymine (1a), is a potent and selective anti-herpes agent effective against herpes simplex type 1 (hsv1) and type 2 (hsv2) viruses. hereby, we report on the synthesis and biological evaluation of a small set of 5-substituted pyrimidine nucleosides belonging to the same class of bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane nucleosides. both the 5-bromovinyl (4) and the 5-bromo analogue (3) appeared to be exclusive substrates of hsv1 thymidine kinase (tk), contr ... | 2003 | 14584954 |
| immunostimulatory cpg treatment for genital hsv-2 infections. | 2003 | 14585849 | |
| replication and interaction of herpes simplex virus and human papillomavirus in differentiating host epithelial tissue. | we have investigated the interactions and consequences of superinfecting and coreplication of human papillomavirus (hpv) and herpes simplex virus (hsv) in human epithelial organotypic (raft) culture tissues. in hpv-positive tissues, hsv infection and replication induced significant cytopathic effects (cpe), but the tissues were able to recover and maintain a certain degree of tissue integrity and architecture. hpv31b not only maintained the episomal state of its genomic dna but also maintained i ... | 2003 | 14592758 |
| socio-demographic characteristics and sex practices related to herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in mexican and central american female sex workers. | this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between hsv-2 infection and several socio-demographic and sexual practices of mexican and central american female sex workers (fsws) in the soconusco region in the state of chiapas, mexico. a cross-sectional study was carried out based on a sample frame of bars where fsws were active in the soconusco region. fsws consented to investigations and answered a questionnaire and provided a blood sample for specific hsv-2 antibody analysis. one hundred and ... | 2003 | 14596526 |
| synthesis and anti-herpes simplex viral activity of monoglycosyl diglycerides. | based on the discovery of antiviral beta-galactosyl diglycerides from clinacanthus nutans leaves, 19 monoglycosyl diglycerides were synthesized and examined for inhibitory effect on herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1, hsv-2). a study of the structure-activity relationships of the synthetic monoglycosyl diglycerides indicated that the fatty acyl moieties were critical for inhibitory action with higher activity displayed as the acyl groups became more olefinic in character. the sugar moiety ... | 2003 | 14599523 |
| clinical spectrum and laboratory characteristics associated with detection of herpes simplex virus dna in cerebrospinal fluid. | to determine the clinical, neurologic, and laboratory characteristics of patients with herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 (hsv-1) or hsv type 2 (hsv-2) dna detected in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) with use of polymerase chain reaction. | 2003 | 14601693 |
| intravaginal administration of herpes simplex virus type 2 to mice leads to infection of several neural and extraneural sites. | female mice have been used extensively to study mucosal immunity against herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection of the vagina, but comparatively little is known about the spread of this virus to other tissues. here the authors have used immunolabeling to demonstrate that hsv-2 infected the vaginal epithelium; the epithelium covering the vulva, perineum, and anal canal; and perineal hair follicles and sebaceous glands. the kinetics and basal localization of the immunolabeling indicated tha ... | 2003 | 14602572 |
| prevalence and risk factors for herpes simplex virus type 2 infection among pregnant women in israel. | although usually a nuisance to the adult patient, herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection can have devastating consequences on the infected newborn. it is thus important to document the prevalence and risk factors of this infection among pregnant women in a defined population. the availability of the new type-specific assays that provide accurate serologic results prompted us to study the seroprevalence of hsv-2 infection among pregnant women in israel. | 2003 | 14603091 |
| 5'-amino-5'-deoxyaristeromycin and its antiviral properties. | an efficient, three-step synthesis of 5'-amino-5'-deoxyaristeromycin (5), from a protected form of aristeromycin (6), is described. compound 5 was evaluated against a large number of viruses. it showed weak activity towards vaccinia, herpes simplex virus 2, and cytomegalovirus. no other activity was observed. compound 5 displayed some cytotoxicity towards the host cell lines human foreskin fibroblast, daudi, and human t-lymphocyte (cem). | 2003 | 14604683 |
| performance of the focus and kalon enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoprotein g in culture-documented cases of genital herpes. | glycoprotein g-based herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays from focus and kalon were performed with specimens from 118 patients with culture-documented genital herpes episodes, and their results were compared. sensitivity was 52% by kalon and 86% by focus for first hsv-2 episodes and 100% (for each of the two tests) for recurrent hsv-2. median times to seroconversion were 120 days by the kalon assay, 21 days by the focus assay, and 68 days by western blotting ass ... | 2003 | 14605166 |
| isolated hsv-2 on the helix manifesting as a single large vesicle in a healthy woman. | 2003 | 14609110 | |
| the differential requirement for cyclin-dependent kinase activities distinguishes two functions of herpes simplex virus type 1 icp0. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) icp0 directs the degradation of cellular proteins associated with nuclear structures called nd10, a function thought to be closely associated with its broad transactivating activity. roscovitine (rosco), an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks), inhibits the replication of hsv-1, hsv-2, human cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster virus, and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by inhibiting specific steps or activities of viral regulatory proteins, indicatin ... | 2003 | 14610183 |
| [herpes simplex and varicella zoster virus infections]. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) and varicella-zoster virus (vzv) are both human alpha-herpes viruses. they are capable of establishing latent infections in neural tissues and to reactive from these sites, determining the clinical features of the disease (primary infection versus recurrences). infections with these viruses are common; an increased number of elderly and immunocompromised individuals will likely lead to an even higher prevalence. hsv infection--in its typical form characterized by group ... | 2003 | 14610899 |
| urothelial bladder carcinoma and viral infections: different association with human polyomaviruses and papillomaviruses. | bladder cancer is the second most commonly occurring genitourinary cancer in adults. the interaction of different carcinogenic and cocarcinogenic agents are responsible for bladder urothelial carcinoma: alcohol and smoking habits, schistosoma haematobium infection, exposition to chemicals, analgesic and antineoplastic drugs prolonged use. recently also viral infections have been associated to this pathology. in this study the correlation between viral infections and bladder carcinoma has been ev ... | 2003 | 14611733 |
| herpes simplex virus type 2 as a cause of severe meningitis in immunocompromised adults. | we reviewed the clinical and demographic characteristics and outcomes for 13 immunocompromised patients with herpes simplex virus (hsv)-induced meningitis. eleven patients were receiving chemotherapy for leukemia or lymphoma, and 10 had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. patients presented with acute febrile meningitis. the median white blood cell count at the onset of symptoms was 400 cells/mm3. examination of cerebrospinal fluid (csf) specimens showed lymphocytic meningitis, but activated lym ... | 2003 | 14614676 |
| poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate): evaluation of a topical microbicide gel against herpes simplex virus type 2 and chlamydia trachomatis infections in mice. | to investigate the in vivo activity of poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) (t-pss) gel formulations as topical microbicides. | 2003 | 14616702 |
| the role of dendritic cells in immune responses against vaginal infection by herpes simplex virus type 2. | herpes simplex virus type 2 is a leading cause of genital ulcers that affects more women than men worldwide. recent evidence indicates that protective immunity can be generated by specialized dendritic cells in the female genital mucosa. this article aims to provide an overview of the effector immunity required for protection from genital herpes, and to discuss the mechanism by which specific subsets of dendritic cells mediate induction of adaptive immunity following genital infection with herpe ... | 2003 | 14623018 |
| the us3 protein kinase of herpes simplex virus attenuates the activation of the c-jun n-terminal protein kinase signal transduction pathway in infected piriform cortex neurons of c57bl/6 mice. | stereotaxic microinjection of herpes simplex virus (hsv) into the mouse olfactory bulb resulted in infection of neurons of the piriform cortex. neurons infected with the wildtype hsv showed no evident phosphorylation of c-jun n-terminal protein kinase (jnk)/c-jun. in contrast, neurons infected with a us3 gene-disrupted mutant of the l1br1 virus displayed phosphorylated jnk/c-jun in a nuclear staining fashion. induction of neuronal apoptosis by the wildtype hsv was partially suppressed when compa ... | 2003 | 14623140 |
| human immunodeficiency virus acquisition associated with genital ulcer disease and herpes simplex virus type 2 infection: a nested case-control study in rakai, uganda. | to assess the timing of symptomatic genital ulcer disease (gud) relative to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) seroconversion, we studied 248 case subjects who underwent hiv seroconversion and 496 hiv-negative control subjects, at 3 interview visits conducted at 10-month intervals: visit 1, before hiv acquisition; visit 2, after seroconversion; and visit 3, 10 months after detection of seroconversion. odds ratios (ors) and 95% confidence intervals (cis), for hiv acquisition, were estimated by lo ... | 2003 | 14624374 |
| new options in herpes management. | herpesviruses in the alpha group--hsv-1, hsv-2, and vzv (i.e., hsv-3)--are ubiquitous in american society. hsv-1 is associated primarily with herpes labialis, while hsv-2 is involved in about 70% of cases of genital herpes. varicellazoster virus causes chickenpox in unvaccinated children and others, and latent virus produces shingles later in life. since many patients with hsv-1 and hsv-2 infections are asymptomatic, testing is important in determining presence of the viruses. several antiviral ... | 2003 | 14626519 |
| multiplex polymerase chain reaction for the detection of herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus and cytomegalovirus in ocular specimens. | a majority of ocular viral diseases are caused by herpes group of viruses. such infections, especially atypical herpetic keratitis, iridocyclitis and intra-ocular inflammations, can often present with overlapping clinical manifestations misleading the diagnosis. molecular techniques are most useful in such instances for an accurate and rapid diagnosis since conventional methods are time consuming and less sensitive. a multiplex pcr was developed and used for the detection of herpes simplex virus ... | 2003 | 14632159 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 infection associated with atrial myxoma. | some findings suggest an infectious factor in cardiac myxoma and certain histopathological features indicate herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infection. we hypothesized that hsv-1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac myxoma. paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 17 patients with atrial myxoma were investigated for hsv-1 antigen by immunohistochemistry and viral genomic dna by nested polymerase chain reaction. the histogenesis and oncogenesis of atrial myxoma were assessed by the exp ... | 2003 | 14633612 |
| evaluations of unformulated and formulated dendrimer-based microbicide candidates in mouse and guinea pig models of genital herpes. | prevention of sexually transmitted infections is a priority in developed and developing countries. one approach to prevention is the use of topical microbicides, and one promising approach is the use of dendrimers, highly branched macromolecules synthesized from a polyfunctional core. three new dendrimer products developed to provide stable and cost-efficient microbicides were initially evaluated in vitro for anti-herpes simplex virus activity and then in vivo by using a mouse model of genital h ... | 2003 | 14638483 |
| [association of herpes simplex virus type2 infection with dyslipidemia in chinese]. | to investigate the relationship between herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection and dyslipidemia. | 2003 | 14642082 |
| prevalence and risk factors for infection with herpes simplex virus type-1 and -2 among lesbians. | sexual transmission of bacterial and viral sexually transmitted disease has been reported between women. no data are available on seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1) and type-2 (hsv-2) among lesbians. | 2003 | 14646636 |
| low incidence and prevalence of hepatitis c virus infection among sexually active non-intravenous drug-using adults, san francisco, 1997-2000. | the rate of sexual transmission of hepatitis c virus (hcv) is debated. | 2003 | 14646642 |
| in vitro antiviral activity of prodelphinidin b-2 3,3'-di-o-gallate from myrica rubra. | in this study, the in vitro antiviral properties of prodelphinidin b-2 3,3'-di- o-gallate (pb233'og) isolated from the bark of myrica rubra (myricaceae) was investigated. results showed that pb233'og exhibited anti-herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) activity with ic (50) values of 5.3 +/- 0.1 and 0.4 +/- 0.04 microm for xtt and plaque reduction assays, respectively. the ic (50) value increased with increasing moi (multiplicity of infection). pb233'og did not show a cellular cytotoxic effect at ... | 2003 | 14648402 |
| prenatal transfer of low amounts of herpes simplex virus (hsv)-specific antibody protects newborn mice against hsv infection during acute maternal stress. | given their immunocompromised status, neonates rely heavily upon maternally derived, herpes simplex virus (hsv)-specific antibody for resistance to hsv infection. interestingly, previous studies have documented a decreased transfer of maternal igg antibody and immunocompetence of the offspring following perinatal exposure to stress-induced corticosterone. however, we recently demonstrated that the transplacental transfer of relatively high amounts of hsv-specific antibody is resilient to acute m ... | 2004 | 14651943 |
| clinical signs as a guide for performing hsv-pcr in correct diagnosis of herpes simplex virus encephalitis. | clinical criteria (symptoms) are not reliable enough to differentiate between different causes of encephalitis. the clinical presentation of herpes simplex virus encephalitis (hsve) is not classically constant and in such a patient, therefore, it is vital to make early diagnosis. | 2003 | 14652434 |
| codon-optimized cloning, expression and characertization of the c-terminal region of human apoptotic protein gadd34 in escherichia coli. | the human gadd34 (growth arrest and dna damage-inducible 34) is the product of an apoptosis- and dna-damage-inducible gene. the c-terminus domain of gadd34 is highly homologous to hsv-1 gamma-1 34.5, hsv-2 and the african swine fever virus virulence-associated factor nl-s. among these viral proteins, hsv-1 gamma 34.5 protein is known to prevent apoptosis of viral-infected cells. because of the difficulty in expressing gadd34 protein or any of its fragments, including the c-terminus (amino acids ... | 2004 | 14657671 |
| herpes simplex virus type 2: an update. | 2003 | 14657740 | |
| sexually transmitted infections among prostitutes in bratislava, slovakia. | sera from 18 prostitutes from bratislava were examined for the presence of antibodies to several sexually transmitted pathogens, namely herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2), human immunodeficiency viruses 1 and 2 (hiv-1 and hiv-2), hepatitis b and c viruses (hbv and hcv), chlamydia trachomatis, and treponema pallidum. results of this screening indicated that 11 prostitutes (61%) carried 1 or more sexually transmitted infections. the most prevalent antibodies were directed against hsv-2 (9 cases, i.e. ... | 2003 | 14658845 |
| synthesis and antiviral activity of novel trans-2,2-dimethyl cyclopropyl nucleosides. | novel trans-2,2-dimethylcyclopropyl nucleosides were synthesized as potential antiviral agents. the key intermediate, 3, was synthesized via five steps from ethyl chrysanthemate and condensed with purine bases using the mitsunobu reaction to give six cyclopropyl nucleosides. these synthesized nucleosides did not show any significant antiviral activity against hsv-1, hsv-2, emcv, cox b3, or vsv, at concentrations up to 100 microm. | 2003 | 14661851 |
| ctl are inactivated by herpes simplex virus-infected cells expressing a viral protein kinase. | numerous cell-to-cell signals tightly regulate ctl function. human fibroblasts infected with hsv type 1 or 2 can generate such a signal and inactivate human ctl. inactivated ctl lose their ability to release cytotoxic granules and synthesize cytokines when triggered through the tcr. inactivation requires cell-to-cell contact between ctl and hsv-infected cells. however, inactivated ctl are not infected with hsv. the inactivation of ctl is sustainable, as ctl function remains impaired when the ctl ... | 2003 | 14662877 |
| epidemiology of recurrent genital herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. | to describe the epidemiology of type specific recurrent genital herpes, and to compare the duration of recurrent genital lesions caused by herpes simplex virus (hsv) types 1 and 2. | 2003 | 14663120 |
| a population based study of herpes simplex virus 2 seroprevalence in rural costa rica. | to determine seroprevalence and determinants of herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) seropositivity, in a random sample of a population based cohort of 10 049 women of guanacaste, costa rica, using a highly sensitive and specific serological assay. | 2003 | 14663121 |
| synthesis and biological evaluation of iodinated and fluorinated 9-(2-hydroxypropyl) and 9-(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl purine nucleoside analogues. | the novel fluorinated and iodinated purine derivatives containing 9-(2-hydroxypropyl) (1a-7a and 9a-13a) and 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl) (1b-3b, 5b, and 7b-12c) side chains were synthesized by a multistep synthetic route involving baltz-schiemann's fluorination and diazotation/iodination as key reactions. an unequivocal proof for the stereostructure of 5b was obtained by x-ray structure analysis. new compounds were evaluated for their cytostatic activity against murine leukemia (l1210); mammary ca ... | 2003 | 14667229 |
| treatment of herpes simplex virus infections. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) types 1 and 2 are ubiquitous organisms that cause infections in human populations throughout the world. the clinical manifestations of hsv infections are varied, ranging from asymptomatic disease to life-threatening illness in neonates and immunocompromised hosts. this article will review the common presentations for hsv disease and the current recommendations for the treatment of these infections. a detailed summary of the antiviral drugs used to treat hsv infections ... | 2004 | 14670580 |
| molecular analysis of clinical isolates of acyclovir resistant herpes simplex virus. | we characterised the antiviral phenotype and genotype of 41 herpes simplex virus (hsv) strains from patients clinically resistant to acyclovir (acv). our results confirm recognised mutational sites as being major determinants of thymidine kinase (tk)-associated acv resistance, in particular insertions and/or deletions at homopolymer stretches of gs and cs (59% of all isolates). previously described amino acid substitutions in functional sites of the tk were also identified (7% of all isolates). ... | 2004 | 14670581 |
| anti-hsv activity of lactoferricin analogues is only partly related to their affinity for heparan sulfate. | earlier studies have shown that the heparan sulfate (hs) on the cell surface acts as a receptor for herpes simplex virus (hsv). we have recently shown that bovine lactoferricin (lfcinb), a small part of the milk protein lactoferrin, inhibits hsv-1 and hsv-2 infection, probably by blocking the entry of the virus. the human homologue (18-42), which shares 36% sequence similarity with lfcinb (17-41), displayed much lower antiviral activity. in the present study, a set of cyclic and linear human and ... | 2004 | 14670583 |
| antiviral activity of hop constituents against a series of dna and rna viruses. | we investigated whether crude hop extracts and purified hop components representing every major chemical class of hop compound have antiviral activity. these hop constituents were tested for antiviral activity against bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) as a surrogate model of hepatitis c virus (hcv), human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), influenza a virus (flu-a), influenza b virus (flu-b), rhinovirus (rhino), respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), yellow fever virus (yfv), cytomegalovirus (cmv), hepa ... | 2004 | 14670594 |
| inaccuracy of certain commercial enzyme immunoassays in diagnosing genital infections with herpes simplex virus types 1 or 2. | type-specific serologic results may be inaccurate if not based on glycoprotein g (gg). commercial tests based on crude antigen (zeus scientific, raritan, nj; wampole laboratories, cranbury, nj; diasorin, stillwater, mn) and one using gg-1 and gg-2 (focus technologies, cypress, ca) were compared with western blot on serum samples from patients with culture-documented first symptomatic episodes of genital herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 (n = 17) or hsv-2 (n = 49) infection or recurrent genital e ... | 2003 | 14671972 |
| recurrent herpes simplex-2 infection on the palm. | 2003 | 14684964 | |
| higher risk behaviour and rates of sexually transmitted diseases in mwanza compared to uganda may help explain hiv prevention trial outcomes. | to determine to what extent the higher impact of treatment for sexually transmitted diseases (std) on hiv incidence in mwanza, tanzania than in rakai and masaka, uganda might be explained by baseline differences between the trial populations. | 2003 | 14685060 |
| [advances in epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of genital herpes]. | changes in sexual behavior may constitute an important contribution to relative increase in genital herpes. many research results suggest that hsv-2 plays a big part in the transmission of hiv infection. there is an urgent need to identify effective hsv-2 control measures in order to reduce hiv incidence. the detection of hsv-2-specific antibodies in serum is especially useful and reliable. during the past 2 decades, selective and specific inhibitors of replication have been developed. such agen ... | 2003 | 14689899 |
| hsv lat and neuronal survival. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) establishes a latent infection within sensory neurons and periodically reactivates in response to stress. hsv's ability to inhabit neurons for the life of the host involves a number of virally encoded functions that tightly regulate the latency-reactivation cycle, preventing uncontrolled spread of reactivating virus and large-scale death of neurons. the hsv latency-associated transcript (lat) is a complex transcription unit expressed primarily in neurons containing lat ... | 2004 | 14690860 |
| antiherpes virus activities of new 6-19 carbon-bridged steroids and some synthetic precursors. | three synthetic 6,19-carbon bridged steroids: 3beta,20beta-diacetyloxy-5alpha-chloro-19a(r)-hydroxy-6,19-methanopregnane, 3beta,20beta-diacetyloxy-5alpha-chloro-6,19-methanopregnane, 6,19-methanopregn-4-ene-3,20-dione and four synthetic precursors: 3beta,20beta-diacetyloxy-19-hydroxypregn-5-ene, 3beta,20beta-diacetyloxy-pregn-5-en-19-al, 3beta,20beta-diacetyloxy-19(e)-(methoxymethylidene)-pregn-5-ene and 20beta-acetyloxy-3beta-hydroxy-19(e)-(methoxymethylidene)-pregn-5-ene were tested against he ... | 2003 | 14694987 |
| synthesis and antiviral evaluation of benzimidazoles, quinoxalines and indoles from dehydroabietic acid. | several heterocycles, such as benzimidazoles, quinoxalines and indoles incorporated into a hydrophenanthrene and naphthalene skeleton, were synthesised from two useful ortho-bromonitro precursors derived from dehydroabietic acid: methyl 12-bromo-13-nitro-deisopropyldehydroabietate and methyl 12-bromo-13,14-dinitro-deisopropyldehydroabietate. the new heterocycles were evaluated for their activity in vitro against several rna and dna viruses. | 2004 | 14697775 |
| once-daily valacyclovir to reduce the risk of transmission of genital herpes. | nucleoside analogues against herpes simplex virus (hsv) have been shown to suppress shedding of hsv type 2 (hsv-2) on genital mucosal surfaces and may prevent sexual transmission of hsv. | 2004 | 14702423 |
| use of antiviral drugs to prevent herpesvirus transmission. | 2004 | 14702430 | |
| detection and typing of hsv-1, hsv-2, cmv and ebv by quadruplex pcr. | the development of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method for rapid and accurate detection and typing of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), and type-2 (hsv-2), cytomegalovirus (cmv) and epstein-barr virus (ebv) is very important for clinical diagnosis to allow the deliver of therapy as early as possible. large scale amplifications by multiplex pcr of viral dna can lower the cost and time for viral diagnosis. in this study, therefore sensitive quadruplex pcr was achieved by optimizi ... | 2003 | 14703608 |
| disseminated neonatal herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 2 infection diagnosed by hsv dna detection in blood and successfully managed by liver transplantation. | we report a case of neonatal herpes presenting with liver failure and disseminated coagulopathy which followed unrecognised maternal primary genital herpes and was diagnosed by herpes simplex virus dna detection in blood by polymerase chain reaction 2 weeks after initiation of empiric intravenous aciclovir. the child underwent liver transplantation while receiving suppressive antiviral therapy and remains well after 10 months of follow-up. conclusion: our case highlights potential pitfalls in th ... | 2004 | 14704878 |
| development of prophylactic vaccines for genital and neonatal herpes. | over five decades numerous conventional candidate live attenuated and killed vaccines have failed to prevent genital herpes in clinical trials. however, a vaccine consisting of recombinant glycoprotein d from herpes simplex virus (hsv)-2 and deacylated monophosphoryl lipid a adjuvant has recently shown partial efficacy against clinical disease transmitted from hsv-1 and -2 seronegative women (73-74%). comparisons between the efficacy of this vaccine and previous failed candidates and their effec ... | 2003 | 14711338 |
| efficacy of methylenecyclopropane analogs of nucleosides against herpesvirus replication in vitro. | we have reported previously that purine methylenecyclopropane analogs are potent agents against cytomegaloviruses. in an attempt to extend the activity of these compounds, the 2-amino-6-cyclopropylaminopurine analog, qyl-1064, was selected for further study by modifying the purine 6 substituent. a total of 22 analogs were tested against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1, hsv-2), varicella zoster virus (vzv), human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv), epstein-barr virus ... | 2003 | 14714760 |
| species identification of all eight human herpesviruses with a single nested pcr assay. | there are eight currently known human herpesviruses, all of which are capable of latent persistence and reactivation following primary infection. herpesvirus induced disease is common, widespread, and associated with significant morbidity, particularly in the immunocompromised human host. current methods of herpesvirus detection include viral culture and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). a robust pcr method based upon amplification of the highly conserved herpesvirus dna polymerase gene that is c ... | 2004 | 14715303 |
| performance and use of a ribonucleotide reductase herpes simplex virus type-specific serological assay. | in response to the increasingly evident need for herpes simplex virus (hsv) serotype-specific serologic assays that rely on proteins other than glycoprotein-g (gg), we developed a rapid serologic assay that is based on type-specific epitopes within the large subunit of hsv ribonucleotide reductase (r1). the assay (au-2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [elisa]) uses an hsv type 2 (hsv-2) r1 peptide antigen. it provides a reliable method for detecting serotype-specific antibody to a protein other ... | 2004 | 14715543 |
| surveillance network for herpes simplex virus resistance to antiviral drugs: 3-year follow-up. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) infections are very common in the general population and among immunocompromised patients. acyclovir (acv) is an effective treatment which is widely used. we deemed it essential to conduct a wide and coordinated survey of the emergence of acv-resistant hsv strains. we have formed a network of 15 virology laboratories which have isolated and identified, between may 1999 and april 2002, hsv type 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2 strains among hospitalized subjects. the sensitivity of ... | 2004 | 14715760 |
| resistance to pseudorabies virus infection in transformed cell lines expressing a soluble form of porcine herpesvirus entry mediator c. | porcine herpesvirus entry mediator c (hvec) is an alphaherpesvirus receptor that binds to virion glycoprotein d (gd). porcine hvec mediates entry of pseudorabies virus (prv), herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2) and bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1). in order to assess the antiviral potential of a soluble form of porcine hvec, vero cells were transformed with the chimeric gene expressing a fusion protein (phvecig) consisting of an extracellular domain of porcine hvec and the fc p ... | 2004 | 14718632 |
| synthesis and antiviral evaluation of novel 3'- and 4'-doubly branched carbocyclic nucleosides as potential antiviral agents. | a series of 3'- and 4'-branched carbocyclic nucleosides 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 and 30 were synthesized starting from simple acyclic ketone derivatives. the construction of the required quaternary carbon was made using a [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement. in addition, the installation of a methyl group in the 3'-position was accomplished using a horner-wadsworth-emmons (hwe) reaction with triethyl 2-phosphonopropionate. bis-vinyl was successfully cyclized using a grubbs' catalyst (ii). natural bases (a ... | 2003 | 14723348 |
| innate immunity to herpes simplex virus type 2. | herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) is responsible for most cases of genital herpes and also can cause fatal disseminated disease in perinatally infected newborns. sexually transmitted infections initiate in the skin or mucosa and quickly spread into peripheral nerves to establish latency. innate immunity, the first line of defense during both primary and recurrent infection, is essential during this period of acute infection to limit initial viral replication and to facilitate an appropriate ad ... | 2003 | 14733735 |
| synthesis and antiviral activity of (z)- and (e)-2,2-[bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropylidene]methylpurines and -pyrimidines: second-generation methylenecyclopropane analogues of nucleosides. | the second generation of methylenecyclopropane analogues of nucleosides 5a-5i and 6a-6i was synthesized and evaluated for antiviral activity. the 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)methylenecyclopropane (11) was converted to dibromo derivative 7 via acetate 12. alkylation-elimination of adenine (16) with 7 afforded the z/e mixture of acetates 17 + 18, which was deacetylated to give analogues 5a and 6a separated by chromatography. a similar reaction with 2-amino-6-chloropurine (19) afforded acetates 20 + 21 a ... | 2004 | 14736238 |
| intratypic variability of a tandem repeat locus within the dna polymerase gene of human herpes simplex virus type 2. | in this study, the irntratypic variability of a tandem repeat locus within the dna polymerase (pol) gene of human herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv2) was uncovered. the locus contained variable numbers of tandem dodecanucleotide (5'-gac gag gac ggg-3') repetitive units. our result showed that approximately 95% of analyzed hsv2 clinical isolates and the current genbank hsv2 strains contained two copies of the repetitive units. from genital herpes specimens, three new hsv2 strains, which respective ... | 2004 | 14739657 |
| esophageal achalasia: is the herpes simplex virus really innocent? | this study was designed to test the hypothesis that mononuclear cells in the myenteric plexus of patients with achalasia may be activated by herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). strips of esophageal muscle were obtained from patients with achalasia and multiorgan transplant donors who served as control subjects. after muscle digestion, mononuclear cells were purified through a percoll gradient and cultured in medium, either alone or containing ultraviolet-inactivated hsv-1 or poliovirus (multipl ... | 2004 | 14746832 |
| detection of herpes simplex virus type 1, herpes simplex virus type 2 and varicella-zoster virus in skin lesions. comparison of real-time pcr, nested pcr and virus isolation. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) and varicella-zoster virus (vzv) cause a wide range of signs and symptoms, varying from trivial mucocutaneous lesions to life-threatening infections, especially in immuno-suppressed patients. since antiviral drugs are available, rapid and sensitive laboratory diagnosis of these virus infections is important. | 2004 | 14747031 |
| the ul24 consensus regions of bovine herpesvirus 2 isolate 554 and clinical isolates of herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2. | 2003 | 14747979 | |
| [clinical aspects and diagnosis of epstein-barr virus infections]. | 2002 | 14750257 | |
| the potential epidemiological impact of a genital herpes vaccine for women. | in two phase iii vaccine trials immunisation of women previously uninfected by herpes simplex virus provided protection against genital herpes disease. in deciding policy, an evaluation of the epidemiological impact of the partial protection provided by the vaccine should be considered. | 2004 | 14755031 |
| prevalence of hsv-1/hsv-2 antibodies in hiv seropositive patients in coventry, united kingdom. | 2004 | 14755048 | |
| prevalence of papillomavirus infection in women in ibadan, nigeria: a population-based study. | to investigate the prevalence of and the risk factors for cervical infection with human papillomavirus (hpv) in an inner-city area of ibadan, nigeria, we interviewed and obtained a sample of cervical cells from 932 sexually active women aged 15 years or older. a total of 32 different hpv types were identified with an hpv prevalence of 26.3% overall and 24.8% among women without cervical lesions; or age-standardised to the world standard population of 28.3 and 27.3%, respectively. high-risk hpv t ... | 2004 | 14760378 |
| proteasome inhibitors: a novel tool to suppress human cytomegalovirus replication and virus-induced immune modulation. | recently, we like others, demonstrated that systemic inflammation is the most important mechanism involved in (re)activation of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) in both immunocompetent patients. by in vitro studies the eukaryotic transcription factor nf-kappab could be identified as the key mediator of tnf-alpha- and ie1-dependent stimulation of the hcmv ie1/2 enhancer/promoter activity, which is crucial for initiation of viral gene expression during reactivation from latency as well as productive i ... | 2003 | 14760889 |
| epidemiology and etiology of sexually transmitted infection among hotel-based sex workers in dhaka, bangladesh. | the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (stis) and reproductive tract infections (rtis) among hotel-based sex workers (hbsws) in dhaka, bangladesh, was studied. a total of 400 hbsws were enrolled in the study during april to july 2002. endocervical swabs, high vaginal swabs, and blood samples from 400 hbsws were examined for neisseria gonorrhoeae (by culture), chlamydia trachomatis (by pcr), trichomonas vaginalis (by microscopy), antibody to treponema pallidum (by both rapid plasma rea ... | 2004 | 14766825 |
| oral human papillomavirus infection in adults is associated with sexual behavior and hiv serostatus. | the prevalence and risk factors for oral human papillomavirus (hpv) infection are unknown, despite evidence for an etiological role for hpv in oral cancers. oral samples from human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-seronegative (n=396) and hiv-seropositive (n=190) adults were tested for hpv dna. high-risk hpv infections were present in 2.1% of tonsil and 6.3% of oral-rinse specimens. the prevalence of oral high-risk hpv infection was greater in hiv-seropositive individuals (13.7% vs. 4.5%; p<.001). i ... | 2004 | 14767823 |
| an unusual complication of chemotherapy: herpes simplex meningoencephalitis and bilateral acute retinal necrosis. | 2004 | 14768763 | |
| automated detection of five human herpes virus dnas by a set of lightcycler pcrs complemented with a single multiple internal control. | herpes viruses represent important causes of morbidity and mortality especially in immuno-compromised patients. to assist in rapid diagnosis real-time pcr assays have been developed for the detection of herpes virus dna in patient specimens. a recently described set of real-time pcr assays using lightcycler technology enabled parallel detection of dna from cytomegalovirus (cmv), epstein-barr virus (ebv), herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 (hsv-1/-2), and varicella-zoster virus (vzv) by using a si ... | 2004 | 14962786 |
| in vivo role of nectin-1 in entry of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2 through the vaginal mucosa. | herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) is transmitted through the genital mucosa during sexual encounters. in recent years, hsv-1 has also become commonly associated with primary genital herpes. the mechanism of viral entry of hsv-1 and hsv-2 in the female genital tract is unknown. in order to understand the molecular interactions required for hsv entry into the vaginal epithelium, we examined the expression of herpesvirus entry mediator nectin-1 in the vagina of human and mouse at different stages ... | 2004 | 14963155 |
| [primary genital herpes with sacral meningoradiculitis]. | herpetic genital infection is a common sexually transmitted disease, caused in most cases by type 2 herpes simplex virus (hsv2). this virus is characterized by its neurotropic properties and its ability to establish latency in sacral sensory ganglions. some cases of genital primo-infection are complicated by viral replication dissemination to neigbhoring nerve structures like meninges and radicular terminations. in such cases muco-cutaneous manifestations are associated with peripheral neurologi ... | 2004 | 14968054 |
| efficacy of genital t cell responses to herpes simplex virus type 2 resulting from immunization of the nasal mucosa. | intravaginal (ivag) or intranasal (i.n.) immunization of c57bl/6j (b6) mice with a thymidine kinase-deficient strain (tk-) of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) resulted in comparable protection of the genital epithelium and sensory ganglia against hsv-2 challenge. in contrast, protection of these sites was much reduced in i.n.-immunized compared to ivag-immunized b cell-deficient micromt mice. fewer hsv-specific t cells were detected in the genital epithelium of i.n.-immunized compared to ivag ... | 2004 | 14972519 |
| dna immunization with a herpes simplex virus 2 bacterial artificial chromosome. | construction of a herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) is described. bac vector sequences were inserted into the thymidine kinase gene of hsv-2 by homologous recombination. dna from cells infected with the resulting recombinant virus was transformed into e. coli, and colonies containing the hsv-2 bac (hsv2-bac) were isolated and analyzed for the expected genotype. hsv2-bac dna was infectious when transfected back into mammalian cells and the resulting virus was th ... | 2004 | 14972567 |
| [seroprevalence of type 2 herpes simplex virus infection in 3 population groups of mexico city]. | to determine the seroprevalence of type 2 herpes simplex virus (hsv-2) infection and risk factors in three female population groups in mexico city. | 2003 | 14974271 |
| [prevalence and factors associated with syphilis and genital herpes in 2 groups of the female population]. | to assess the frequency of hsv-2 and treponema pallidum markers and their relationship with characteristics of women during gynecological outpatient visits. | 2003 | 14974272 |
| sexually transmissible infections other than hiv. | sexually transmitted infections (stis) are notable for their fastidious requirements for transmission and growth in the laboratory and for their high physical and psychosocial morbidity. the combination of subtle or absent symptoms and stigma preventing the seeking of health care, leaves many infections undiagnosed. the development of nucleic-acid amplification tests heralded a new era in sensitive and robust diagnostic procedures for stis. unfortunately, many of these tests are not commercially ... | 2004 | 14975619 |
| the estimated direct medical cost of sexually transmitted diseases among american youth, 2000. | each year, millions of u.s. youth acquire sexually transmitted diseases (stds). estimates of the economic burden of stds can help to quantify the impact of stds on the nation's youth and on the payers of the cost of their medical care. | 2004 | 14982672 |
| herpes simplex virus latency. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) are ubiquitous human pathogens. they share with other herpesviruses the ability to establish lifelong latent infection of the host. periodic reactivation from latency is responsible for most of the clinical disease burden of hsv infection. this review focuses on what we have learned from molecular studies in model systems of hsv latency, and the implications these findings have for treating recurrent hsv disease. | 2003 | 14987404 |
| [value of the polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of herpes infections of the nervous system]. | to assess the performance of a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) for the diagnosis of nervous system infections caused by herpesvirus, and to estimate the incidence of encephalitis due to herpes simplex virus type 1 in the adult population of the island of gran canaria. | 2004 | 14987535 |
| antibodies to infectious agents in individuals with recent onset schizophrenia. | we investigated the levels of antibodies to infectious agents in the serum and cerebral spinal fluids (csfs) of individuals with recent onset schizophrenia and compared these levels to those of controls without psychiatric disease. we found that untreated individuals with recent onset schizophrenia had significantly increased levels of serum and csf igg antibody to cytomegalovirus and toxoplasma gondii as compared to controls. the levels of serum igm class antibodies to these agents were not inc ... | 2004 | 14991372 |
| herpes simplex virus. | 2004 | 14993516 | |
| putranjivain a from euphorbia jolkini inhibits both virus entry and late stage replication of herpes simplex virus type 2 in vitro. | to investigate the in vitro antiviral properties of putranjivain a, isolated from the whole plant of euphorbia jolkini bioss (euphorbiaceae). | 2004 | 14998984 |
| atypical genital herpes: report of five cases. | manifestations of human genital herpes virus (hsv) infection are not limited to the typical cluster of genital lesions. here we present 5 case histories suggestive to clinically atypical genital herpes (hsv detected with the polymerase chain reaction) collected in 2001 from a private outpatient clinic specializing in dermatological and venereal diseases. the clinical presentations included mucopurulent cervicitis, haemorrhagic cystitis, recurrent urethritis, and lower back pain. | 2004 | 15000557 |
| effect of hsv-2 infection on the expression of hpv 16 genes in caski cells. | human papillomaviruses (hpvs) have been proposed to be the most important etiological factors for cervical cancer although different agents may act in conjunction. herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection is considered as a possible cofactor to malignant transformation. to examine the influence of hsv-2 infection on the hpv genes expression, caski cells bearing 60 to 600 copies of hpv-16 dna per cell were used as a model system. twenty hours post hsv-2 infection the mrna transcripts for hpv ... | 2004 | 15000868 |
| monitoring herpesvirus dna in three cases of acute retinal necrosis by real-time pcr. | it is not clear whether quantitative analysis of viral dna in ocular specimens is correlated with disease activities of acute retinal necrosis (arn). | 2004 | 15002491 |
| human monoclonal antibody fragment specific for glycoprotein g in herpes simplex virus type 2 with applications for serotype-specific diagnosis. | a combinatorial library was used to select a human monoclonal antibody fragment (fab) with high affinity for g glycoprotein in herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2). tests with 112 clinical specimens demonstrated successful discrimination between hsv-2 and hsv-1, showing the potential of fab as a low-cost tool for hsv subtyping in clinical diagnosis. | 2004 | 15004085 |
| [polymorphism of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 dna from laboratory strains and clinical material from patient with genital herpes]. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr), that can amplify a fragment of the dna-polymerase gene of 4 herpes viruses, i.e. herpes simplex viruses, type 1 (hsv-1), herpes simplex viruses, type 2 (hsv-2), epstein-barr virus and cytomegalovirus, was made use of to study the genetic polymorphism of hsv-1 and hsv-2 strains. the obtained amplicons were analyzed by the method of restriction-size fragments' polymorphism (rsfp) with restrictases rsal, taql and hinfl. four hsv-1 strains had an identical restrictio ... | 2004 | 15017849 |
| the effects of herpes simplex virus-2 on hiv-1 acquisition and transmission: a review of two overlapping epidemics. | increasing evidence demonstrates a substantial link between the epidemics of sexually transmitted hiv-1 and herpes simplex virus (hsv)-2 infection. more than 30 epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that prevalent hsv-2 is associated with a 2- to 4-fold increased risk of hiv-1 acquisition. per-sexual contact transmission rates among couples from rakai, uganda indicate that at all levels of plasma hiv-1 rna in the source partner, hsv-2-seropositive hiv-1-susceptible persons have a 5-fold greate ... | 2004 | 15021308 |
| adolescent sexually transmitted diseases: recent developments. | adolescents and young adults continue to have the highest rates of sexually transmitted diseases. new chlamydia and gonorrhea diagnostic tests are being used in innovative ways to increase the number of infections that are detected. nevertheless, challenges such as gonorrhea resistance and partner notification and treatment continue to hinder efforts to reduce the prevalence of these two bacterial infections. although recent surveillance data suggest a decreasing trend of herpes simplex virus 2 ... | 2004 | 15023277 |
| the ul97 protein kinase of human cytomegalovirus and homologues in other herpesviruses: impact on virus and host. | the human herpesviruses, herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1), hsv-2, varicella zoster virus (vzv), epstein-barr virus (ebv), human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), human herpesvirus 6a (hhv-6a), hhv-6b, hhv-7 and hhv-8, establish persistent infections with possible recurrence during immunosuppression. hcmv replication is inhibited by the nucleoside analogue ganciclovir (gcv), the compound of choice for the treatment of hcmv diseases and preemptive treatment of infections. the viral ul97 protein (pul97) which ... | 2004 | 15023359 |
| interrupting transmission of genital herpes. | 2004 | 15026999 |