Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum in red deer from central italy. | neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii are cosmopolite protozoan parasites impacting on human and animal health. in particular, t. gondii commonly infects human beings and all warm-blooded animals, while n. caninum is responsible for bovine abortion and neuromuscular disease in dogs. the aim of the presented survey was to evaluate the occurrence and prevalence of these parasites in the most numerous italian red deer population. the sera of 60 red deer (cervus elaphus) inhabiting central italy (4 ... | 2016 | 28030947 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic characterization of escherichia coli recovered from frozen game meat. | the increasing number of antimicrobial resistant enterobacteriaceae both in veterinary and human medicine, the dissemination of these bacteria in several environments and their possible repercussions on human health is causing concern. game meat is usually seen as free of antimicrobial resistant bacteria. the objective of this study was to evaluate the current antimicrobial susceptibility status in generic escherichia coli isolated from packed frozen game meat from a game handling establishment ... | 2017 | 28040165 |
| effect of sex-sorting and cryopreservation on the post-thaw sperm quality of iberian red deer spermatozoa. | this study investigated the effect of sex-sorting and cryopreservation on post-thaw characteristics and fertility of red deer (cervus elaphus) sperm for the first time. semen was collected by electroejaculation from 10 mature stags during the breeding season, and each ejaculate split into four experimental groups: bulk sorted spermatozoa, sorted but not sexed (bss); sorted high purity x-spermatozoa (xss); sorted high purity y-spermatozoa (yss); and, control non-sorted spermatozoa (ns). following ... | 2017 | 28043354 |
| climate, female traits and population features as drivers of breeding timing in mediterranean red deer populations. | understanding the factors that lead to variation in the timing of breeding in widespread species such as red deer (cervus elaphus l.) is crucial to predict possible responses of wild populations to different climate scenarios. here, we sought to further understand the causes of inter-annual variation in the reproduction timing of female deer in mediterranean environments. an integrative approach was used to identify the relative importance of individual, population and climate traits in the date ... | 2017 | 28054452 |
| does cu supplementation affect the mechanical and structural properties and mineral content of red deer antler bone tissue? | the main factors affecting the mechanical (and other) properties of bone, including antler, are the proportions of ash (especially ca and p) and collagen content. however, some trace minerals may also play more important roles than would be expected, given their low levels in bone and antler. one such trace mineral is cu. here, we studied the effects of cu supplementation on the mechanical and structural characteristics, and mineral content of antlers from yearling and adult (4 years of age) red ... | 2017 | 28069103 |
| rapid and robust authentication of deer antler velvet product by fast pcr-rflp analysis. | deer antler velvet is widely used as a vitalizing, tonifying, haemopoietic and strengthening agent for debilitated persons in east asia. to develop a rapid and sensitive method for the identification of the biological source or origin in antler velvet products, a molecular approach was applied using pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. the cytochrome b gene sequences of nine cervidae species were analyzed, and a dde i restriction endonuclease recognition site was found only in ... | 2018 | 28071968 |
| endocranial volume is heritable and is associated with longevity and fitness in a wild mammal. | research on relative brain size in mammals suggests that increases in brain size may generate benefits to survival and costs to fecundity: comparative studies of mammals have shown that interspecific differences in relative brain size are positively correlated with longevity and negatively with fecundity. however, as yet, no studies of mammals have investigated whether similar relationships exist within species, nor whether individual differences in brain size within a wild population are herita ... | 2016 | 28083105 |
| control of bovine tuberculosis in a farmed red deer herd in england. | this report describes how mycobacterium bovis infection was controlled and eventually eradicated in a farmed red deer herd in the north of england, following sustained tuberculin skin testing supplemented with serological (antibody) tests over a period of approximately two years. by taking advantage of the anamnestic antibody response produced by the skin test to detect skin test-negative, antibody-positive infected individuals, a total of 35 additional animals were identified, including 2 with ... | 2017 | 28100768 |
| soil microbial communities and elk foraging intensity: implications for soil biogeochemical cycling in the sagebrush steppe. | foraging intensity of large herbivores may exert an indirect top-down ecological force on soil microbial communities via changes in plant litter inputs. we investigated the responses of the soil microbial community to elk (cervus elaphus) winter range occupancy across a long-term foraging exclusion experiment in the sagebrush steppe of the north american rocky mountains, combining phylogenetic analysis of fungi and bacteria with shotgun metagenomics and extracellular enzyme assays. winter foragi ... | 2017 | 28111902 |
| brucellosis transmission between wildlife and livestock in the greater yellowstone ecosystem: inferences from dna genotyping. | the wildlife of the greater yellowstone ecosystem carries brucellosis, which was first introduced to the area by cattle in the 19th century. brucellosis transmission between wildlife and livestock has been difficult to study due to challenges in culturing the causative agent, brucella abortus . we examined b. abortus transmission between american bison ( bison bison ), rocky mountain elk ( cervus elaphus nelsoni), and cattle ( bos taurus ) using variable number tandem repeat (vntr) markers on dn ... | 2017 | 28118557 |
| high seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii in elk (cervus canadensis) of the central appalachians, usa. | toxoplasma gondii is an important protozoan parasite of mammals that impacts animal health and behavior. although this parasite has been documented in several cervid species, including red deer (cervus elaphus) in europe, little is known about t. gondii impacts on the closely related north american counterpart, the elk (wapiti, cervus canadensis), which has increased in number and expanded in range during the past century. we assessed seroprevalence of t. gondii antibodies using a modified agglu ... | 2017 | 28130658 |
| detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in kidney samples of red deer (cervus elaphus) in portugal: evaluation of different methods. | paratuberculosis or johne's disease, caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), is a chronic granulomatous enteritis affecting both domestic and wild ruminants. the present work is part of a wider set of studies designed to assess the prevalence of paratuberculosis in free ranging red deer (cervus elaphus). with that purpose, 877 free-ranging red deer legally hunted in the centre-eastern portugal were submitted to necropsy and sampled for molecular methods, microbiology and his ... | 2017 | 28132959 |
| wildlife interactions on baited places and waterholes in a french area infected by bovine tuberculosis. | interactions among wildlife species are major drivers for the transmission of multi-host pathogens, such as mycobacterium bovis, which also affect livestock. although france is officially free from bovine tuberculosis (btb), some areas are still harboring infection in cattle and wildlife. we aimed at characterizing the visits of susceptible wild species (badger, red deer, and wild boar) at baited places and waterholes, considered as possible hotspots for contacts. we described the visits in term ... | 2017 | 28138439 |
| bacterial community composition and fermentation in the rumen of xinjiang brown cattle (bos taurus), tarim red deer (cervus elaphus yarkandensis), and karakul sheep (ovis aries). | the rumen microbiota plays a major role in the metabolism and absorption of indigestible food sources. xinjiang brown cattle (bos taurus), tarim red deer (cervus elaphus yarkandensis), and karakul sheep (ovis aries) are important ruminant species for animal husbandry in the tarim basin. however, the microbiota and rumen fermentation of these animals are poorly understood. here, we apply high-throughput sequencing to examine the bacterial community in the rumen of cattle, red deer and sheep and m ... | 2017 | 28177790 |
| investigation of intra-herd spread of mycobacterium caprae in cattle by generation and use of a whole-genome sequence. | single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) calculated from whole genome sequencing (wgs) are ideally suited to study evolutionary relationships of pathogens and their epidemiology. mycobacterium caprae infections have been documented frequently in cattle and red deer along the bavarian and austrian alps during the last decade. however, little is still known about the transmission within cattle holdings and possible alterations of the genomes of m. caprae during such events. the aim of this study was ... | 2017 | 28194548 |
| optimization of protocols for iberian red deer (cervus elaphus hispanicus) sperm handling before sex sorting by flow cytometry. | currently, sperm reproductive biotechnologies such as sex sorting and cryopreservation are undoubtedly valuable tools for improving the economic and biological efficiency of red deer production systems. in this context, and because of the particular characteristics of this species (extensive exploitation typically far from laboratory facilities), a key goal is to optimize the design of an adequate handling protocol of sperm samples before samples are subjected to sex sorting and cryopreservation ... | 2017 | 28237327 |
| presence of ail and ystb genes in yersinia enterocolitica biotype 1a isolates from game animals in poland. | the pathogenicity of yersinia enterocolitica is associated with the presence of plasmid and chromosomal virulence genes. strains belonging to biotype 1a do not possess pyv plasmids, often harbour the ystb gene and usually lack the ail gene, which is the main virulence marker for y. enterocolitica. the simultaneous presence of ail and ystb is uncommon. in this study, 21/218 (9.6%) biotype 1a y. enterocolitica isolates from rectal swabs of wild boar (sus scrofa; n = 18), red deer (cervus elaphus; ... | 2017 | 28283072 |
| comparative rumen morphology of sympatric sika deer (cervus nippon) and red deer (c. elaphus scoticus) in the ahimanawa and kaweka ranges, central north island, new zealand. | eighteen sika deer (cervus nippon) and 14 red deer (c. elaphus scoticus) were sampled from two areas where these closely related species are sympatric. total body weight, carcass weight, age class, sex, and internal parameters (e.g. liver weight, kidney weight, rumen volume) were recorded. samples of rumen wall mucosa taken from the dorsal rumen wall, atrium ruminis, caudoventral blindsac, and ventral rumen wall were used to compare rumen morphology between the two species (and also any area, se ... | 1996 | 28307077 |
| herbivorous mammals as seed dispersers in a mediterranean dehesa. | endozoochrous seed dispersal by herbivorous mammals has been verified repeatedly and its possible influence on the structure and function of herbaceous communities has been suggested. quantitative studies, however, are lacking in the field of seed dispersal via the dung of herbivore guilds in little-altered environments. the present paper analyses seed dispersal via rabbit, fallow deer, red deer and cow dung in a mediterranean dehesa (open woodland used for hunting and ranching) during the seedi ... | 1995 | 28307361 |
| short- and long-term effects of winter and spring weather on growth and survival of red deer in norway. | populations of red deer (cervus elaphus) in norway have increased continuously over the last decades. we tested the possible effects of climate and increase in population size on the survival rates and body condition of individuals in one of the northernmost populations of red deer in europe. based on 678 individuals of known age marked between 1977 and 1995, we estimated annual survival rates, the probabilities of being harvested and the recapture probability according to sex, age, year, winter ... | 1998 | 28307518 |
| patch selection by red deer in relation to energy and protein intake: a re-evaluation of langvatn and hanley's (1993) results. | langvatn and hanley (1993) recently reported that patch use by red deer (cervus elaphus) was more strongly correlated with short term rates of intake of digestible protein than dry matter. such short term measures overlook effects of gut filling, which may constrain intake by ruminants over longer time scales (i.e., daily rates of gain). we reanalyzed langvatn and hanley's data using an energy intake model incorporating such a processing constraint, to determine whether their conclusions are rob ... | 1995 | 28307585 |
| habitat segregation in ungulates: are males forced into suboptimal foraging habitats through indirect competition by females? | sex differences in habitat use (termed `habitat segregation') are widespread in sexually dimorphic ungulate species. they are a puzzling phenomenon, particularly when females use better foraging habitats than males. it has been suggested that males, owing to their larger body size and higher forage requirements, are inferior in indirect competition to females and are forced by female grazing pressure into marginal habitats (`indirect-competition hypothesis'). this hypothesis has been widely cite ... | 1999 | 28307759 |
| the relationship between habitat choice and lifetime reproductive success in female red deer. | in non-territorial species, individuals can move freely and should be distributed in an ideal free manner between habitats and areas with respect to resources that influence lifetime reproductive success (lrs). consequently, no relationship between diet quality and lrs should be expected. however, there have been no attempts to test this prediction. the present paper investigates the relationship between forage habitat use and lrs in red deer (cervus elaphus) hinds within three neighbouring area ... | 1999 | 28308082 |
| diet overlap among ruminants in fennoscandia. | information on overlap in resource use is central to understanding of interspecific exploitation competition and resource partitioning. despite this, measures of diet overlap among northern ruminants in fennoscandia is limited to one earlier study (reindeer and sheep). diet overlap between sympatric moose and roe deer calculated with schoener's index was 20.7% and 33.6% during summer (data from one area) and winter (data from two areas), respectively, whereas average diet overlap between moose a ... | 2000 | 28308406 |
| activity patterns of female red deer (cervus elaphus l.) in the alps. | during 1976 to 1978 in the bavarian alps (southern west germany) the activity patterns of nine female red deer have been studied using radio-telemetry. the daily sum total of activity shows a marked annual cycle, ranging from about 7 h in winter to some 15 h in summer. it becomes obvious that the duration of activity during solar day, night and twilight is not only due to the length of these three periods but also varies independently in the course of the year. the daily pattern of activity reve ... | 1981 | 28309461 |
| home range patterns of female red deer (cervus elaphus l.) in the alps. | from 1976 to 1978, ten female red deer in the northern parts of the bavarian alps (southern west germany) were fitted with transmitter collars. seasonal movements, the home range patterns, and habitat utilization as a function of the habitat structure were examined. while some animals remained in the lowlands throughout the year, others move between two or even three different areas seasonally. the average size of the home range was 65 ha during winter, 167 ha in spring and autumn and 121 ha in ... | 1980 | 28309484 |
| home range and activity patterns of male red deer (cervus elaphus l.) in the alps. | from 1978 to 1981 in the bavarian alps (southern west germany) the home range and activity patterns of nine male red deer have been studied using radio-telemetry. the home range patterns definetely change with age. younger stags first follow the patterns of their mothers, then often emigrate from these home ranges and establish new ones elsewhere. except for the change in range at about 2(1/2) years of age, these patterns seem to be very constant in both spatial as well as seasonal position and ... | 1983 | 28310585 |
| wolf predation and snow cover as mortality factors in the ungulate community of the bialowieża national park, poland. | wolf-ungulate interactions were studied in the pristine deciduous and mixed forests of the bialowieża national park in 1985-1989. the study period included two severe and two mild winters. the community of ungulates inhabiting bialowieża national park consisted of red deer cervus elaphus, 55% of all ungulates; wild boar sus scrofa, 42%; and roe deer capreolus capreolus, moose alces alces, and european bison bison bonasus, about 1% each. the average size of red deer groups increased from 2.7 (sd ... | 1992 | 28312267 |
| spatial variability in the nutrient composition of populus tremuloides: clone-to-clone differences and implications for cervids. | populus tremuloides, a clonal angiosperm, is a major food item for many temperate-region herbivores. clonal variation in chemical composition has potentially important implications for vertebrate herbivores because a single clone may be areally large and hence, may comprise a large part of available forage. the objectives of this study were: (1) to examine spatial variability in nutrient concentrations and quality within and among 24 clones of trembling aspen, and (2) to evaluate these differenc ... | 1991 | 28312739 |
| feeding-patch choice by red deer in relation to foraging efficiency : an experiment. | we tested the idea that ruminants allocate their feeding time to habitat patches in relation to foraging efficiency. we used five tame red deer (cervus elaphus) in an enclosure planted with four treatment of timothy grass (phleum pratense) differing in their stage of growth. older swards offered higher biomass but lower nutritional quality than younger swards. we observed time spent feeding in each treatment during each of seven trials. we measured goodness-of-fit between observed times and pred ... | 1993 | 28312938 |
| winter ecology of nonmigratory alpine red deer. | in winter, red deer (cervus elaphus hippelaphus) that are not receiving supplementary feeding emphasize and rely on energy-saving strategies. in severe winters with deep snow, they select a home-range habitat-windblown alpine pastures above the timberline-that meets the requirements of this strategy: a much lower sinking depth and good forage availability are due to patchy snow distribution, while the open area provides higher radiation, permits group formation and thus sociobiological wellbeing ... | 1993 | 28312946 |
| evidence for the promotion of aboveground grassland production by native large herbivores in yellowstone national park. | we examined the effect of native large herbivores on aboveground primary production of nonforested habitat in yellowstone national park, wyoming. productivity of vegetation grazed by elk (cervus elaphus) and bison (bison bison) was compared with that of ungrazed (permanently fenced) vegetation at four sites. two methods were used that, we believed, would provide the most accurate measurements under the different grazing regimes encountered in the study. production of ungrazed vegetation in perma ... | 1993 | 28313410 |
| can red deer antlers be used as an indicator of environmental and edible tissues' trace element contamination? | venison is an attractive product for consumers concerned with healthy lifestyle; however, it can contain high levels of toxic elements, and therefore, it is a possible source of hazardous contaminants in human diet. antlers are suitable bioindicators of environmental metal contamination, and herein, we assessed the ability of trace element levels in antlers to indicate levels in edible soft tissues. we determined the concentrations of lead (pb), cadmium (cd), mercury (hg), arsenic (as), copper ( ... | 2017 | 28324255 |
| a mortality event in elk ( cervus elaphus nelsoni) calves associated with malnutrition, pasteurellosis, and deer adenovirus in colorado, usa. | this report describes clinical, necropsy, and ancillary diagnostic findings for a mortality event in rocky mountain elk ( cervus elaphus nelsoni) calves attributed to malnutrition, pasteurellosis, and an alimentary presentation of adenovirus hemorrhagic disease. | 2017 | 28328349 |
| effects of attitudes and demography on public support for endangered species conservation. | it is critical for managers to understand how attitudes and demography affect public's preferences for species protection for designing successful conservation projects. 1080 adults in greece were asked to rate pictures of 12 endangered species on aesthetic and negativistic attitudes, and intention to support their conservation. factor analysis identified a group of animals for which respondents indicated high levels of support for their conservation (red deer, loggerhead sea turtle, brown bear, ... | 2017 | 28376425 |
| serological testing of schmallenberg virus in swedish wild cervids from 2012 to 2016. | schmallenberg virus (sbv) first emerged in europe in 2011, and in sweden in late 2012. the virus was still circulating in parts of europe in 2015. in recent testing, the virus has not been detected in swedish domestic animals, indicating that it is no longer circulating in sweden. it is not known if the virus has circulated and is still circulating in swedish wild cervid populations and whether wildlife can act as virus reservoirs. the aim of this study was to investigate whether sbv has circula ... | 2017 | 28376790 |
| a study of single nucleotide polymorphism in the ystb gene of yersinia enterocolitica strains isolated from various wild animal species. | y. enterocolitica is the causative agent of yersiniosis. the objective of the article was a study of single nucleotide polymorphism in the ystb gene of y. enterocolitica strains isolated from various wild animal species. | 2017 | 28378975 |
| estimating inbreeding rates in natural populations: addressing the problem of incomplete pedigrees. | understanding and estimating inbreeding is essential for managing threatened and endangered wildlife populations. however, determination of inbreeding rates in natural populations is confounded by incomplete parentage information. we present an approach for quantifying inbreeding rates for populations with incomplete parentage information. the approach exploits knowledge of pedigree configurations that lead to inbreeding coefficients of f = 0.25 and f = 0.125, allowing for quantification of pr(i ... | 2017 | 28398480 |
| comparative analysis of the merino sheep and iberian red deer abomasum during prenatal development. | the aim of this study is to describe differences in the ontogenesis of the abomasum in sheep (domestic ruminant) and deer (wild ruminant). histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analysis were carried out on 50 embryos and fetuses of the sheep and 50 red deer from the first prenatal stages until birth. to compare similar periods of gestation in both species, we calculate the percentages of gestation. the appearance of the abomasum was earlier in the red deer (22% gestation) than in the sheep ( ... | 2017 | 28422357 |
| taenia sp. in human burial from kan river, east siberia. | we present an arhaeoparasitological analysis of a unique burial from the neftprovod ii burial ground in east siberia, which dated from the bronze age. analysis of a sediment sample from the sacral region of the pelvis revealed the presence of taenia sp. eggs. because uncooked animal tissue is the primary source of taenia, this indicated that the individual was likely consuming raw or undercooked meat of roe deer, red deer, or elk infected with taenia. this finding represents the oldest case of a ... | 2017 | 28443983 |
| erosion of the alberta badlands produces highly variable and elevated heavy metal concentrations in the red deer river, alberta. | erosion is important in the transport of heavy metals from terrestrial to fluvial environments. in this study, we investigated riverine heavy metal (cd, cu, hg and pb) dynamics in the red deer river (rdr) watershed at sites upstream (n=2) and downstream (n=7) of the alberta badlands, an area of naturally high erosion. at sites draining the badlands, total water column cd, cu, hg and pb concentrations frequently exceeded guidelines for the protection of freshwater biota. furthermore, peak concent ... | 2017 | 28448918 |
| predicting herbivore faecal nitrogen using a multispecies near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy calibration. | optimal management of free-ranging herbivores requires the accurate assessment of an animal's nutritional status. for this purpose 'near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy' (nirs) is very useful, especially when nutritional assessment is done through faecal indicators such as faecal nitrogen (fn). in order to perform an nirs calibration, the default protocol recommends starting by generating an initial equation based on at least 50-75 samples from the given species. although this protocol optimis ... | 2017 | 28453544 |
| human recreation affects spatio-temporal habitat use patterns in red deer (cervus elaphus). | the rapid spread and diversification of outdoor recreation can impact on wildlife in various ways, often leading to the avoidance of disturbed habitats. to mitigate human-wildlife conflicts, spatial zonation schemes can be implemented to separate human activities from key wildlife habitats, e.g., by designating undisturbed wildlife refuges or areas with some level of restriction to human recreation and land use. however, mitigation practice rarely considers temporal differences in human-wildlife ... | 2017 | 28467429 |
| a survey of free-ranging deer in ireland for serological evidence of exposure to bovine viral diarrhoea virus, bovine herpes virus-1, bluetongue virus and schmallenberg virus. | deer are an important wildlife species in both the republic of ireland and northern ireland having colonised most regions across the island of ireland. in comparison to cattle and sheep which represent the main farmed ruminant species on the island, there is a lack of data concerning their exposure, as measured by the presence of antibodies, to important viral pathogens of ruminants. a study was therefore undertaken to investigate the seroprevalence of wild deer to four viruses, namely bovine vi ... | 2017 | 28503294 |
| large herbivores in novel ecosystems - habitat selection by red deer (cervus elaphus) in a former brown-coal mining area. | after centuries of range contraction, many megafauna species are recolonizing parts of europe. one example is the red deer (cervus elaphus), which was able to expand its range and is now found in half the areas it inhabited in the beginning of the 19th century. herbivores are important ecosystem engineers, influencing e.g. vegetation. knowledge on their habitat selection and their influence on ecosystems might be crucial for future landscape management, especially for hybrid and novel ecosystems ... | 2017 | 28505192 |
| seroprevalence of bovine herpesvirus 1 related alphaherpesvirus infections in free-living and captive cervids in poland. | to determine the occurrence of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1) related alphaherpesvirus infections in cervids, 1194 serum samples of wild ruminants originating from 59 forest districts of poland were tested with ibr gb elisa and virus neutralization test (vnt) against bohv-1 and cervid herpesvirus 1 (cvhv-1). the seroprevalence differed significantly between free-living and captive cervids (p<0.001) with a total of 89 out of 498 (17.9%) and 268 out of 696 (38.5%) seropositive animals in each type ... | 2017 | 28532809 |
| phylogeography of the tyrrhenian red deer (cervus elaphus corsicanus) resolved using ancient dna of radiocarbon-dated subfossils. | we present ancient mitochondrial dna analyses of 31 complete cytochrome b gene sequences from subfossil red deer remains from the tyrrhenian islands (corsica and sardinia) and mainland italy in a european-wide phylogeographic framework. tyrrhenian and north african red deer, both going back to human introductions, were previously the only red deer to harbour the mitochondrial b lineage whose origin, however, remained unknown. our ancient italian samples from the central part of the peninsula tha ... | 2017 | 28539631 |
| changes induced by elk browsing in the aboveground biomass production and distribution of willow (salix monticola bebb): their relationships with plant water, carbon, and nitrogen dynamics. | willows are dominant woody plants of many high-elevation riparian areas of the western usa, and constitute an important food resource for various ungulates, which tend to concentrate in riparian areas. the response of willow to browsing was analyzed in the elk winter range of rocky mountain national park, by considering the effect of elk browsing on salix monticola bebb, one of the most common willow species in this area. unbrowsed and browsed treatments were established during the 1997 growing ... | 2001 | 28547104 |
| the evolution of phenotypic plasticity in life-history traits: predictions of reaction norms for age and size at maturity. | we used life-history theory to predict reaction norms for age and size at maturation. we assumed that fecundity increases with size and that juvenile mortality rates of offspring decrease as ages-at-maturity of parents increase, then calculated the reaction norm by varying growth rate and calculating an optimal age at maturity for each growth rate. the reaction norm for maturation should take one of at least four shapes that depend on specific relations between changes in growth rates and change ... | 1986 | 28556219 |
| countervailing selection in different fitness components in female red deer. | in individually monitored red deer (cervus elaphus) living in the north block of the isle of rhum, scotland, juvenile survival is related to the genotype at the enzyme loci mpi and idh-2 (each with two alleles, f and s). to establish whether other fitness components also are related to genetic differences, we examined whether age at first breeding, fecundity, and adult survival of females were related to genotype at the same loci. fertility in females shot outside the study area was also analyze ... | 1991 | 28564077 |
| microsatellite loci reveal sex-dependent responses to inbreeding and outbreeding in red deer calves. | mean d2 is a recently devised microsatellite-based measure that is hypothesised to allow the detection of inbreeding depression and heterosis in free-living populations. two studies that have investigated the measure have both demonstrated an association between mean d2 and traits related to fitness. here we present an association between mean d1 and an important component of fitness, first-year overwinter survival, in a population of red deer on the isle of rum, scotland. the association betwee ... | 1999 | 28565463 |
| new genotypes of enterocytozoon bieneusi isolated from sika deer and red deer in china. | to examine the occurrence and genotype distribution of enterocytozoon bieneusi in cervids, 615 fecal samples were collected from red deer (cervus elaphus) and sika deer (cervus nippon) on 10 different farms in henan and jilin province. enterocytozoon bieneusi was identified and genotyped with a nested pcr analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (its) region of the rrna genes, showing an average infection rate of 35.9% (221/615). in this study, 25 its genotypes were identified including seven ... | 2017 | 28572794 |
| genetic variation and juvenile survival in red deer. | the survival of red deer (cervus elaphus l.) calves to two years of age was examined in relation to electrophoretic variation in a population on the scottish island of rhum. survival was analyzed using logistic analysis in which the "phenotypic" factors birth weight, birth date, subdivision of the study area, cohort, and sex, which affect the probability of a calf's survival, were taken into account. all three polymorphic loci examined, mpi, idh-2, and trf (each with two detected alleles) are si ... | 1988 | 28581158 |
| interrelationships of dictyocaulus spp. in wild ruminants with morphological description of dictyocaulus cervi n. sp. (nematoda: trichostrongyloidea) from red deer, cervus elaphus. | lungworms from the genus dictyocaulus cause parasitic bronchitis (dictyocaulosis) characterized by coughing and severe lung pathology in both domestic and wild ruminants. in this study we investigated the interrelationships of dictyocaulus spp. from european bison (bison bonasus l.), roe deer (capreolus capreolus) and red deer (cervus elaphus) by nucleotide sequence analysis spanning the 18s rna gene (ssu) and internal transcribed spacer 2 (its2) regions of the ribosomal gene array as well as th ... | 2017 | 28585897 |
| distribution of bdnf and trkb isoforms in growing antler tissues of red deer. | antlers are the cranial appendages of deer that regenerate each year. this renewal provides a model to explore molecules involved in mammalian organ regeneration. the cellular distributions of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (bdnf) and the isoforms of its cognate receptor trk tyrosine kinase receptor (trkb) were localized by immunohistochemistry in sections of growing red deer antler. bdnf and trkb full length were widely expressed in the integument, perichondrium, periosteum and bone. the ... | 2017 | 28602824 |
| geochemical landscapes as drivers of trace and toxic element profiles in wild red deer (cervus elaphus). | tissue concentrations of essential trace and toxic elements in red deer (cervus elaphus) are associated with the plants, soil and water they ingest. as such, variation in tissue concentrations is associated with variation in local geochemistry and bioavailability of elements. physiological factors such as liver fluke (fasciola hepatica) infection, breeding status, and in-tissue element interactions may also affect tissue concentrations, though their effects in red deer are not well understood. t ... | 2017 | 28609848 |
| learning from the mistakes of others: how female elk (cervus elaphus) adjust behaviour with age to avoid hunters. | in animal behaviour, there is a dichotomy between innate behaviours (e.g., temperament or personality traits) versus those behaviours shaped by learning. innate personality traits are supposedly less evident in animals when confounded by learning acquired with experience through time. learning might play a key role in the development and adoption of successful anti-predator strategies, and the related adaptation has the potential to make animals that are more experienced less vulnerable to preda ... | 2017 | 28614406 |
| the role of landscape characteristics for forage maturation and nutritional benefits of migration in red deer. | large herbivores gain nutritional benefits from following the sequential flush of newly emergent, high-quality forage along environmental gradients in the landscape, termed green wave surfing. which landscape characteristics underlie the environmental gradient causing the green wave and to what extent landscape characteristics alone explain individual variation in nutritional benefits remain unresolved questions. here, we combine gps data from 346 red deer (cervus elaphus) from four partially mi ... | 2017 | 28649354 |
| a high-density linkage map reveals sexual dimorphism in recombination landscapes in red deer (cervus elaphus). | high-density linkage maps are an important tool to gain insight into the genetic architecture of traits of evolutionary and economic interest, and provide a resource to characterize variation in recombination landscapes. here, we used information from the cattle genome and the 50 k cervine illumina beadchip to inform and refine a high-density linkage map in a wild population of red deer (cervus elaphus). we constructed a predicted linkage map of 38,038 snps and a skeleton map of 10,835 snps acro ... | 2017 | 28667018 |
| study of morphology, chemical, and amino acid composition of red deer meat. | the aim of this study was to evaluate red deer (maral) meat quality based on chemical composition, ph, water-binding capacity (wbc), and amino acid content. | 2017 | 28717313 |
| matrixlysis, an improved sample preparation method for recovery of mycobacteria from animal tissue material. | mycobacterium caprae, a member of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, is the main causative agent of bovine tuberculosis in alpine regions. bacterial culture is the gold standard in bovine tuberculosis diagnostic but takes up to twelve weeks. this increases the time and costs for stocks affected with bovine tuberculosis. hence this study focused on the implementation of a fast and precise mycobacterial detection method and compared it with currently used methods. matrix lysis is a chemical l ... | 2017 | 28723969 |
| using white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in infectious disease research. | between 1940 and 2004, more than 335 emerging infectious disease events were reported in the scientific literature. the majority (60%) of these events involved zoonoses, most of which (72%) were of wildlife origin or had an epidemiologically important wildlife host. because this trend of increasing emerging diseases likely will continue, understanding the pathogenesis, transmission, and diagnosis of these diseases in the relevant wildlife host is paramount. achieving this goal often requires usi ... | 2017 | 28724483 |
| serological survey for west nile virus in wild artiodactyls, southern moravia (czech republic). | antibodies to west nile virus (wnv) were examined by plaque-reduction neutralization test in the blood sera of 1023 wild artiodactyls: 105 roe deer (capreolus capreolus), 148 red deer (cervus elaphus), 287 fallow deer (dama dama), 71 mouflons (ovis musimon), and 412 wild boars (sus scrofa), sampled in south moravian district of breclav (czech republic) in the years 1990-2008. neutralizing antibodies were detected in 5.9% of wild ruminants (4.8% roe deer, 4.1% red deer, 6.3% fallow deer, 9.9% mou ... | 2017 | 28727516 |
| isotopic analyses suggest mammoth and plant in the diet of the oldest anatomically modern humans from far southeast europe. | relatively high 15n abundances in bone collagen of early anatomically modern humans in europe have often been interpreted as a specific consumption of freshwater resources, even if mammoth is an alternative high 15n prey. at buran-kaya iii, access to associated fauna in a secured archaeological context and application of recently developed isotopic analyses of individuals amino acids offer the opportunity to further examine this hypothesis. the site of buran-kaya iii is located in south crimea a ... | 2017 | 28754955 |
| relative selection strength: quantifying effect size in habitat- and step-selection inference. | habitat-selection analysis lacks an appropriate measure of the ecological significance of the statistical estimates-a practical interpretation of the magnitude of the selection coefficients. there is a need for a standard approach that allows relating the strength of selection to a change in habitat conditions across space, a quantification of the estimated effect size that can be compared both within and across studies. we offer a solution, based on the epidemiological risk ratio, which we term ... | 2017 | 28770070 |
| concentrations of campylobacter spp., escherichia coli, enterococci, and yersinia spp. in the feces of farmed red deer in new zealand. | intensive deer farming can cause environmental issues, mainly by its impact on soils and water quality. in particular, there is a risk to the microbial quality of water, as high quantities of suspended sediment and fecal bacteria can enter into water systems. the feces of farmed red deer (, = 206) from canterbury and southland, new zealand, were analyzed with regard to the presence of spp., , enterococci, and spp.. enterococci and were isolated from all samples, with mean concentrations of 4.5 × ... | 2017 | 28783788 |
| leave before it's too late: anthropogenic and environmental triggers of autumn migration in a hunted ungulate population. | autumn has to a large extent been neglected in the climate effect literature, yet autumn events, e.g., plant senescence and animal migration, affect fitness of animals differently than spring events. understanding how variables including plant phenology influence timing of autumn migrations is important to gain a comprehensive understanding of the full annual cycle of migratory species. here we use 13 yr of data from 60 male and 168 female red deer (cervus elaphus) to identify triggers of autumn ... | 2016 | 28792596 |
| establishment rate of cattle gastrointestinal nematodes in farmed red deer (cervus elaphus). | red deer can be infected with some gastrointestinal nematodes (gin) of cattle but it is unknown to what extent. an indoor study was conducted to determine the establishment rate of cattle gin in young deer. five young calves and 5 young red deer were used. they were effectively treated with anthelmintics when housed and then infected 2 weeks later. after four weeks they were killed for total worm counts. establishment rates were assessed comparing worm counts to the infective dose which were ide ... | 2017 | 28807276 |
| myiasis of domestic and wild ruminants caused by hypodermatinae in the mediterranean and indian subcontinent. | myiasis caused by hypodermatinae flies is an economically important disease affecting domesticated and wild ruminants in countries of the mediterranean and indian subcontinent. the adult flies have a short life span of 1 week, and they spread disease by laying their eggs on the coat of animals. hypoderma spp. primarily lay their eggs on cattle, buffalo, roe deer, red deer and reindeer, while przhevalskiana spp. lay eggs on the coat of goats. the larvae live as tissue parasites, inducing myiasis ... | 2017 | 28807296 |
| whole-genome sequences of odocoileus hemionus deer adenovirus isolates from deer, moose and elk are highly conserved and support a new species in the genus atadenovirus. | we present the first complete genome sequence of odocoileus hemionus deer adenovirus 1 (odadv-1). this virus can cause sporadic haemorrhagic disease in cervids, although epizootics with high mortality have occurred in california. odadv-1 has been placed in the genus atadenovirus, based on partial hexon, pviii and fibre genes. ten field isolates recovered from naturally infected mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginiana) and moose (alces alces) from wyoming, black- ... | 2017 | 28809152 |
| monitoring of schmallenberg virus in spanish wild artiodactyls, 2006-2015. | schmallenberg disease is an emerging disease that affects domestic and wild ruminants in europe. an epidemiological survey was carried out to assess exposure to schmallenberg virus (sbv) in wild artiodactyls in spain between 2006 and 2015. a total of 1751 sera from wild artiodactyls, including 1066 red deer, 304 fallow deer, 192 mouflon, 109 wild boar, 49 roe deer and 31 spanish ibex were tested for antibodies against sbv by elisa and confirmed by virus neutralization test. sbv was not detected ... | 2017 | 28813443 |
| molecular cloning and expression analysis of annexin a2 gene in sika deer antler tip. | molecular cloning and bioinformatics analysis of annexin a2 gene in sika deer antler tip were conducted. the role of annexin a2 gene in the growth and development of the antler were analyzed initially. | 2017 | 28823128 |
| morphological and molecular characteristics of six sarcocystis spp. from red deer (cervus elaphus) in spain, including sarcocystis cervicanis and three new species. | samples of muscle tissue from the diaphragm, oesophagus and/or heart of eight adult red deer (cervus elaphus hispanicus) from the quintos de mora park in toledo, central spain, were screened for sarcocysts by means of the compression method. from positive samples, individual sarcocysts were excised and examined in wet mounts under a light microscope (lm) in order to study their basic morphology before being preserved for molecular studies. in all red deer examined, only microscopic sarcocysts we ... | 2017 | 28856431 |
| revealing potential bridge vectors for btv and sbv: a study on culicoides blood feeding preferences in natural ecosystems in spain. | several species of culicoides (diptera: ceratopogonidae) are vectors of pathogens, such as the bluetongue (btv) and schmallenberg (sbv) viruses, which cause important diseases in domestic and wild ruminants. as wild ruminants can contribute to overwintering and epizootics of both diseases, knowledge of the host-feeding behaviour of culicoides in natural ecosystems is important to better understand their epidemiology. blood-engorged culicoides females trapped in natural areas inhabited by differe ... | 2017 | 28857265 |
| intensive management and natural genetic variation in red deer (cervus elaphus). | the current magnitude of big-game hunting has outpaced the natural growth of populations, making artificial breeding necessary to rapidly boost hunted populations. in this study, we evaluated if the rapid increase of red deer (cervus elaphus) abundance, caused by the growing popularity of big-game hunting, has impacted the natural genetic diversity of the species. we compared several genetic diversity metrics between 37 fenced populations subject to intensive management and 21 wild free-ranging ... | 2017 | 28863451 |
| seroprevalence of leptospirosis, brucellosis, and q fever in a wild red deer (cervus elaphus) population kept in a fenced reserve in absence of contact with livestock. | wildlife health is of interest for public and animal health because wild animals have been identified as important sentinels for the surveillance for zoonotic pathogens. this work investigated brucella spp., coxiella burnetii, and leptospira spp. infection seroprevalence in a free-ranging red deer population. the study was conducted in a fenced reserve with controlled hunting activity in central spain with animals that did not have any contact with livestock. sampling was performed at two time p ... | 2017 | 28873022 |
| the response of red deer to oral administration of heat-inactivated mycobacterium bovis and challenge with a field strain. | deer species (family cervidae) are often part of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex maintenance host community, and tuberculosis (tb) control in deer, including vaccination, is consequently an area of ongoing research. however, most research into deer vaccination against tb is focused on using the live bacillus calmette guerin (bcg). oral inactivated vaccines represent an interesting alternative to either oral or parenteral bcg, since neither diagnostic cross-reactions nor vaccine strain sur ... | 2017 | 28888638 |
| ungulates increase forest plant species richness to the benefit of non-forest specialists. | large wild ungulates are a major biotic factor shaping plant communities. they influence species abundance and occurrence directly by herbivory and plant dispersal, or indirectly by modifying plant-plant interactions and through soil disturbance. in forest ecosystems, researchers' attention has been mainly focused on deer overabundance. far less is known about the effects on understory plant dynamics and diversity of wild ungulates where their abundance is maintained at lower levels to mitigate ... | 2017 | 28892277 |
| shapes of differential pulse voltammograms and level of metallothionein at different animal species. | metallothioneins play a key role in maintaining homeostasis of essential metalsand in protecting of cells against metal toxicity as well as oxidative damaging. exceptinghumans, blood levels of metallothionein have not yet been reported from any animalspecies. blood plasma samples of 9 animal species were analysed by the adsorptive transferstripping technique to obtain species specific voltammograms. quite distinct records wereobtained from the takin (budorcas taxicolor), while other interesting ... | 2007 | 28903235 |
| purification and identification of anti-inflammatory peptides derived from simulated gastrointestinal digests of velvet antler protein (cervus elaphus linnaeus). | the objective of this study was to identify anti-inflammatory peptides from simulated gastrointestinal digest (pepsin-pancreatin hydrolysate) of velvet antler protein. the hydrolysate was purified using ultrafiltration and consecutive chromatographic methods. the anti-inflammatory activity of the purified fraction was evaluated by the inhibition of no production in lipopolysaccharide-induced raw 264.7 macrophages. four anti-inflammatory peptides, vh (val-his), lan (leu-ala-asn), al (ala-leu), an ... | 2016 | 28911592 |
| 'blind with hormones' red deer to begin annual rut. | 2017 | 28916683 | |
| evaluation of western blot, elisa and latex agglutination tests to detect toxoplasma gondii serum antibodies in farmed red deer. | abortion due to toxoplasma gondii has been suspected in new zealand farmed red deer. however, knowledge around the epidemiology and prevalence of t. gondii in farmed red deer is limited. the aim of this study was to firstly, assess the sensitivity and specificity of two commercially available assays, elisa and latex agglutination test (lat), for use in deer and secondly, to estimate the sero-prevalence of t. gondii in red deer. a total of 252 sera from rising 2-year-old and adult hinds from 17 n ... | 2017 | 28917307 |
| corrigendum: bacterial community composition and fermentation in the rumen of xinjiang brown cattle (bos taurus), tarim red deer (cervus elaphus yarkandensis), and karakul sheep (ovis aries). | 2017 | 28925282 | |
| deer presence rather than abundance determines the population density of the sheep tick, ixodes ricinus, in dutch forests. | understanding which factors drive population densities of disease vectors is an important step in assessing disease risk. we tested the hypothesis that the density of ticks from the ixodes ricinus complex, which are important vectors for tick-borne diseases, is determined by the density of deer, as adults of these ticks mainly feed on deer. | 2017 | 28927432 |
| copper and zinc content in wild game shot with lead or non-lead ammunition - implications for consumer health protection. | the aim of this study was to examine the contamination of game meat with copper and zinc and establish whether the use of alternative (non-lead) ammunition can lead to higher or unsafe levels of copper and zinc in the meat of roe deer, wild boar and red deer. the research project "safety of game meat obtained through hunting" (lemisi) was conducted in germany with the purpose of examining the entry of lead as well as copper and zinc into the meat of hunted game when using either lead or non-lead ... | 2017 | 28934259 |
| erratum: phylogeography of the tyrrhenian red deer (cervus elaphus corsicanus) resolved using ancient dna of radiocarbon-dated subfossils. | a corarection to this article has been published and is linked from the html version of this paper. the error has not been fixed in the paper. | 2017 | 28955047 |
| evidence for host specificity of theileria capreoli genotypes in cervids. | data on the prevalence of piroplasms in buffaloes and large game animal species are lacking from several central european countries. therefore, to investigate the presence of babesia/theileria dna in these hosts, 239 blood and 270 spleen samples were taken from cervids (red, fallow, and roe deer), as well as from water buffaloes, mouflons, and wild boars in southwestern hungary, followed by dna extraction and molecular analysis for piroplasms. all samples from buffaloes and wild boars were pcr n ... | 2017 | 29017556 |
| pharmacokinetics of articaine hydrochloride and its metabolite articainic acid after subcutaneous administration in red deer (cervus elaphus). | to develop and validate a simple and sensitive method using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (lc-ms) for quantification of articaine, and its major metabolite articainic acid, in plasma of red deer (cervus elaphus), and to investigate the pharmacokinetics of articaine hydrochloride and articainic acid in red deer following s/c administration of articaine hydrochloride as a complete ring block around the antler pedicle. | 2018 | 29020878 |
| nodular onchocercosis in red deer (cervus elaphus) in sweden. | the presence of subcutaneous nodular onchocercosis was investigated at slaughter of 151 red deer (cervus elaphus) (107 juveniles and 44 adults) between october-december 2015. the prevalence of subcutaneous nodules was 56%. nodules were located in the lumbar region of the back in 96% of the cases, and 38% of the infected red deer had additional parasitic nodules in other body locations, such as rump, thorax, forelimbs and neck. the number of nodules per deer was 1-10 in two-thirds of the affected ... | 2017 | 29034165 |
| mitochondrial genotyping of fascioloides magna from bavaria, germany. | in last few years, a great effort has been made to understand genetic interrelationships of european and north american populations of giant liver fluke fascioloides magna (trematoda, fasciolidae). in europe, spatial distribution of this parasite is evidently dynamic and ongoing process since new f. magna populations have constantly been emerging. most recently, occurrence of f. magna in red deer (cervus elaphus), sika deer (cervus nippon), fallow deer (dama dama), roe deer (capreolus capreolus) ... | 2017 | 29035851 |
| expansion of ashworthius sidemi in red deer and roe deer from the lower silesian wilderness and its impact on infection with other gastrointestinal nematodes. | nematodes ashworthius sidemi are typical parasites of asiatic cervids, mostly sika deer (cervus nippon). migrating red deer have probably introduced this parasite to the area of poland from neighbouring countries. the aim of the study was to determine prevalence and intensity of infection of red deer and roe deer from the lower silesian wilderness with a. sidemi after one year from previous studies and to examine the influence of these parasites on other species of gastrointestinal nematodes. 31 ... | 2017 | 29035860 |
| molecular detection of bartonella spp. in deer ked (lipoptena cervi) in poland. | the bacteria of the genus bartonella are obligate parasites of vertebrates. their distribution range covers almost the entire world from america, europe, asia to africa and australia. some species of bartonella are pathogenic for humans. their main vectors are blood-sucking arthropods such as fleas, ticks and blood-feeding flies. one such dipteran able to transfer vector-borne pathogens is the deer ked (lipoptena cervi) of the family hippoboscidae. this species acts as a transmitter of bartonell ... | 2017 | 29037227 |
| comparisons of airborne measurements and inventory estimates of methane emissions in the alberta upstream oil and gas sector. | airborne measurements of methane emissions from oil and gas infrastructure were completed over two regions of alberta, canada. these top-down measurements were directly compared with region-specific bottom-up inventories that utilized current industry-reported flaring and venting volumes (reported data) and quantitative estimates of unreported venting and fugitive sources. for the 50 × 50 km measurement region near red deer, characterized by natural gas and light oil production, measured methane ... | 2017 | 29039181 |
| using genetic tools to estimate the prevalence of non-native red deer (cervus elaphus) in a western european population. | game species like the red deer have been subjected to anthropogenic impacts for centuries. translocations are often carried out-sometimes illegally-not only for sporting purposes, but also to increase trophy quality, reduce inbreeding, or mitigate bottlenecks after excessive persecution. apart from the blurring of large-scale genetic structure, translocations without adequate quarantine measure risk introducing pathogens into potentially immunologically naïve populations. it is therefore importa ... | 2017 | 29043022 |
| endemic chronic wasting disease causes mule deer population decline in wyoming. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a fatal transmissible spongiform encephalopathy affecting white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), rocky mountain elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni), and moose (alces alces shirasi) in north america. in southeastern wyoming average annual cwd prevalence in mule deer exceeds 20% and appears to contribute to regional population declines. we determined the effect of cwd on mule deer demography using age-specific, female-only, cwd transi ... | 2017 | 29049389 |
| pathogen-mediated selection in free-ranging elk populations infected by chronic wasting disease. | pathogens can exert a large influence on the evolution of hosts via selection for alleles or genotypes that moderate pathogen virulence. inconsistent interactions between parasites and the host genome, such as those resulting from genetic linkages and environmental stochasticity, have largely prevented observation of this process in wildlife species. we examined the prion protein gene (prnp) in north american elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) populations that have been infected with chronic wasting d ... | 2017 | 29087314 |
| ante-mortem detection of chronic wasting disease in recto-anal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues from elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) using real-time quaking-induced conversion (rt-quic) assay: a blinded collaborative study. | prion diseases are transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (tses) characterized by fatal, progressive neurologic diseases with prolonged incubation periods and an accumulation of infectious misfolded prion proteins. antemortem diagnosis is often difficult due to a long asymptomatic incubation period, differences in the pathogenesis of different prions, and the presence of very low levels of infectious prion in easily accessible samples. chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a tse affecting both wil ... | 2017 | 29098931 |
| oocyte holding in the iberian red deer (cervus elaphus hispanicus): effect of initial oocyte quality and epidermal growth factor addition on in vitro maturation. | current in vitro embryo production protocols in the iberian red deer (cervus elaphus hispanicus) need to be optimized; oocyte harvesting in situ followed by overnight holding could reduce the human effort and shipping costs. in our work, post-mortem ovaries were retrieved, and the oocytes were harvested and allocated to g1 group (good quality) or g2 + g3 group (low quality). the oocytes were separately subjected to immediate in vitro maturation (ivm) or held overnight in a holding medium compose ... | 2018 | 29110393 |
| molecular identification of parasitic nematodes (nematoda: strongylida) in feces of wild ruminants from tunisia. | in tunisia and other north african countries, there is a lack of knowledge about parasite biodiversity within threatened wild ruminants and there are not any studies on their gastrointestinal nematodes. thus the aim of this study was to identify gastrointestinal fauna in the faecal samples of tunisian wild ruminants. a total of 262 faecal samples were collected from domestic sheep and goat, and wild ruminants (addax, barbary sheep, barbary red deer, dorcas gazelle, slender-horned gazelle and sci ... | 2017 | 29113593 |
| male group size, female distribution and changes in sexual segregation by roosevelt elk. | sexual segregation, or the differential use of space by males and females, is hypothesized to be a function of body size dimorphism. sexual segregation can also manifest at small (social segregation) and large (habitat segregation) spatial scales for a variety of reasons. furthermore, the connection between small- and large-scale sexual segregation has rarely been addressed. we studied a population of roosevelt elk (cervus elaphus roosevelti) across 21 years in north coastal california, usa, to ... | 2017 | 29121076 |