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microwave pretreatment can enhance tolerance of wheat seedlings to cdcl(2) stress.in order to determine the role of microwave in cadmium stress tolerance of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), seeds were exposed to microwave radiation for 0, 5, 10 and 15s (wavelength 125mm, power density 126mwcm(-2), 2450mhz), and when the seedlings were 7d old (with one fully expanded leaves), they were treated with 150μm cdcl(2) solution for 10d. changes in a number of physiological and biochemical characteristics were measured and used as indicators of the protective capacity of microwave radiat ...201021145593
evolutionary history of the mitochondrial genome in mycosphaerella populations infecting bread wheat, durum wheat and wild grasses.plant pathogens emerge in agro-ecosystems following different evolutionary mechanisms over different time scales. previous analyses based on sequence variation at six nuclear loci indicated that mycosphaerella graminicola diverged from an ancestral population adapted to wild grasses during the process of wheat domestication approximately 10,500 years ago. we tested this hypothesis by conducting coalescence analyses based on four mitochondrial loci using 143 isolates that included four closely re ...201021145978
dissection of qtl effects for root traits using a chromosome arm-specific mapping population in bread wheat.a high-resolution chromosome arm-specific mapping population was used in an attempt to locate/detect gene(s)/qtl for different root traits on the short arm of rye chromosome 1 (1rs) in bread wheat. this population consisted of induced homoeologous recombinants of 1rs with 1bs, each originating from a different crossover event and distinct from all other recombinants in the proportions of rye and wheat chromatin present. it provides a simple and powerful approach to detect even small qtl effects ...201121153397
association mapping for quality traits in soft winter wheat.improvement of end-use quality in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) depends on a thorough understanding of the genetic basis of important quality traits. the main goal of our study was to investigate the genetic basis of 1,000-kernel weight, protein content, sedimentation volume, test weight, and starch concentration using an association mapping approach. we fingerprinted 207 diverse european elite soft winter wheat lines with 115 ssr markers and evaluated the genotypes in multi-environment tri ...201121153626
nucleotide diversity maps reveal variation in diversity among wheat genomes and chromosomes.a genome-wide assessment of nucleotide diversity in a polyploid species must minimize the inclusion of homoeologous sequences into diversity estimates and reliably allocate individual haplotypes into their respective genomes. the same requirements complicate the development and deployment of single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) markers in polyploid species. we report here a strategy that satisfies these requirements and deploy it in the sequencing of genes in cultivated hexaploid wheat (triticum ...201021156062
variation in crossover rates across a 3-mb contig of bread wheat (triticum aestivum) reveals the presence of a meiotic recombination hotspot.in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.), initial studies using deletion lines indicated that crossover (co) events occur mainly in the telomeric regions of the chromosomes with a possible correlation with the presence of genes. however, little is known about the distribution of cos at the sequence level. to investigate this, we studied in detail the pattern of cos along a contig of 3.110 mb using two f2 segregating populations (chinese spring × renan (f2-csre) and chinese spring × courtot (f2-csct ...201121161258
qtl mapping for quantities of protein fractions in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).one of the key targets of breeding programs in bread wheat is to improve the end-use quality. the relationships between quantities of protein fractions and dough rheological characters have been well established, but there is little information on the genetic control of quantities of protein fractions. two hundred and forty f(6) recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between two chinese wheat cultivars, ph82-2 and neixiang 188, were sown at jiaozuo in henan province in the 2005-2006 and 2 ...201121161501
random chromosome elimination in synthetic triticum-aegilops amphiploids leads to development of a stable partial amphiploid with high grain micro- and macronutrient content and powdery mildew resistance.synthetic amphiploids are the immortal sources for studies on crop evolution, genome dissection, and introgression of useful variability from related species. cytological analysis of synthetic decaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.) - aegilops kotschyi boiss. amphiploids (aabbddukuksksk) showed some univalents from the c1 generation onward followed by chromosome elimination. most of the univalents came to metaphase i plate after the reductional division of paired chromosomes and underwent equatio ...201021164538
comparison of organic and inorganic amendments for enhancing soil lead phytoextraction by wheat (triticum aestivum l.).phytoextraction has received increasing attention as a promising, cost-effective alternative to conventional engineering-based remediation methods for metal contaminated soils. in order to enhance the phytoremediative ability of green plants chelating agents are commonly used. our study aims to evaluate whether, citric acid (ca) or elemental sulfur (s) should be used as an alternative to the ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (edta)for chemically enhanced phytoextraction. results showed that edta ...201021166273
proteinaceous inhibitors of microbial xylanases.at the end of 1990s two structurally different proteinaceous inhibitors of xylanases were discovered in the grain of wheat (triticum aestivum). they were named taxi (t. aestivum xylanase inhibitor) and xip (xylanase-inhibiting protein). later it was shown that taxi and xip in wheat are present in several isoforms encoded by different genes. taxi- and xip-like inhibitors have also been found in other cereals-barley, rye, rice, maize, etc. all these proteins can specifically inhibit activity of fu ...021166637
characterization of a partial wheat-thinopyrum intermedium amphiploid and its reaction to fungal diseases of wheat.partial amphiploids between wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and thinopyrum species play an important role in the transfer and use of traits from alien species. a wheat-thinopyrum intermedium partial amphiploid, tai8335, and its alien parent were characterized by a combination of genomic in situ hybridization (gish) and cytological observations. evidence from gish indicated that the donor parent th. intermedium possessed seven pairs of s, seven j(s) and 21 j chromosomes. mitotic observation showed t ...201021166800
heavy metal accumulation in soil amended with roadside pond sediment and uptake by winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. pbw 343).the risks of heavy metal accumulation and the dynamics related to roadside pond sediment application in comparison to control of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) were investigated in field experiments. selective sequential extraction procedures revealed that application of pond sediment in soil increases the labile pools of the studied heavy metals (cd, cr, cu, ni, pb, and zn). risk assessment codes concluded that cu and pb were in the high-risk zone in both pond sediment and soil amended wit ...201021170482
two putatively homoeologous wheat genes mediate recognition of sntox3 to confer effector-triggered susceptibility to stagonospora nodorum.the pathogen stagonospora nodorum produces multiple effectors, also known as host-selective toxins (hsts), that interact with corresponding host sensitivity genes in an inverse gene-for-gene manner to cause the disease stagonospora nodorum blotch (snb) in wheat. in this study, a sensitivity gene was identified in aegilops tauschii, the diploid d-genome donor of common wheat. the gene was mapped to the short arm of chromosome 5d and mediated recognition of the effector sntox3, which was previousl ...201021175887
production of wheat-psathyrostachys huashanica chromosome addition lines.psathyrostachys huashanica keng (2n = 14; n(h)n(h)) is an endangered wheat-related species, with a distribution in the huashan region of central china. it has many agronomically promising characters including resistance to disease and drought and winter hardiness. we produced hybrids between common wheat as the female parent and p. huashanica as the male parent. from the offspring, we selected chromosome addition lines of common wheat carrying each of all seven chromosomes of p. huashanica. four ...201021178308
a universal approach to eliminate antigenic properties of alpha-gliadin peptides in celiac disease.celiac disease is caused by an uncontrolled immune response to gluten, a heterogeneous mixture of wheat storage proteins, including the α-gliadins. it has been shown that α-gliadins harbor several major epitopes involved in the disease pathogenesis. a major step towards elimination of gluten toxicity for celiac disease patients would thus be the elimination of such epitopes from α-gliadins. we have analyzed over 3,000 expressed α-gliadin sequences from 11 bread wheat cultivars to determine wheth ...201021179575
cytological dissection of the triticeae chromosomes by the gametocidal system.triticeae species have a large and complex genome, which has made it difficult to obtain their sequence data. some alien chromosomes called the gametocidal (gc) chromosomes introduced into common wheat can induce chromosomal breakage resulting in the generation of deletions and translocations. the induced deletions have been established as deletion stocks in common wheat. this gc system is also effective in inducing chromosomal breakages in triticeae chromosomes added to common wheat. the induce ...201121181535
stability of some quality traits in bread wheat (triticum aestivum) genotypes.this study was carried out in order to determine some quality traits such as thousand grain weight (tgw), hectoliter weight (hw), grain protein content (gpc), zeleny sedimentation volume (zsv) and stability of quality traits of 25 bread wheat genotypes. the experiment was conducted at seven environmental conditions during 2 growing periods (2003-2004 and 2004-2005) using randomized complete block design with four replicates. the anova showed that out of the total sum of squares, 48.4, 28.0 and 2 ...201021186725
mutational analysis of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase shows the role of six amino acids in the catalytic mechanism.nucleotide pyrophosphatases/phosphodiesterases (npps, pf01663) release nucleoside 5'-monophosphates from a wide range of nucleotide substrates. only very recently, the first plant members of the npp family were characterised (joye et al. j cereal sci 51: 326-336, 2010), and little is known about their substrate-specifying residues. we elucidated the role of six amino acid residues of the recently identified and characterised triticum aestivum l. npp (joye et al. j cereal sci 51: 326-336, 2010). ...201121190107
population- and genome-specific patterns of linkage disequilibrium and snp variation in spring and winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.).single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) are ideally suited for the construction of high-resolution genetic maps, studying population evolutionary history and performing genome-wide association mapping experiments. here, we used a genome-wide set of 1536 snps to study linkage disequilibrium (ld) and population structure in a panel of 478 spring and winter wheat cultivars (triticum aestivum) from 17 populations across the united states and mexico.201021190581
subcellular cd distribution and its correlation with antioxidant enzymatic activities in wheat (triticum aestivum) roots.the subcellular partitioning of cd in wheat root was obtained by differential centrifugation of root homogenates to quantify the amounts of cd associated with five operationally defined subcellular fractions, namely cd-rich granule (mrg), cellular debris, organelles, heat-denatured protein (hdp), and heat-stable protein (hsp). their correlations were investigated with the changes in antioxidant enzymatic activities under cd stress (0.01-9.68μm) for 72h. the results showed that the relative cd di ...201021190733
heme oxygenase-1 is involved in the cytokinin-induced alleviation of senescence in detached wheat leaves during dark incubation.this study tested whether an inducible isoform of heme oxygenase (ho, ec 1.14.99.3), ho-1, is involved in the cytokinin (ctk)-induced alleviation of senescence in detached wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves during dark incubation. we discovered that exogenous supplement of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-ba) at 10 μm for 48 h not only delayed the dark-induced loss of chlorophyll and protein contents in detached wheat leaves, but also significantly increased ho activity in a time-dependent manner. this i ...201021190753
pretreatment with h(2) o(2) alleviates aluminum-induced oxidative stress in wheat seedlings.hydrogen peroxide (h(2) o(2) ) is a key reactive oxygen species (ros) in signal transduction pathways leading to activation of plant defenses against biotic and abiotic stresses. in this study, we investigated the effects of h(2) o(2) pretreatment on aluminum (al) induced antioxidant responses in root tips of two wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genotypes, yangmai-5 (al-sensitive) and jian-864 (al-tolerant). al increased accumulation of h(2) o(2) and o(2) (•-) leading to more predominant lipid perox ...201121205173
overexpression of a common wheat gene tasnrk2.8 enhances tolerance to drought, salt and low temperature in arabidopsis.drought, salinity and low temperatures are major factors limiting crop productivity and quality. sucrose non-fermenting1-related protein kinase 2 (snrk2) plays a key role in abiotic stress signaling in plants. in this study, tasnrk2.8, a snrk2 member in wheat, was cloned and its functions under multi-stress conditions were characterized. subcellular localization showed the presence of tasnrk2.8 in the cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus. expression pattern analyses in wheat revealed that tasnrk ...201021209856
comparative analysis of genetic background in eight near-isogenic wheat lines with different h genes conferring resistance to hessian fly.near-isogenic lines (nils) are useful for plant genetic and genomic studies. however, the strength of conclusions from such studies depends on the similarity of the nils' genetic backgrounds. in this study, we investigated the genetic similarity for a set of nils developed in the 1990s to study gene-for-gene interactions between wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and the hessian fly (mayetiola destructor (say)), an important pest of wheat. each of the eight nils carries a single h resistance gene and ...201121217808
cloning and characterization of purple acid phosphatase phytases from wheat, barley, maize, and rice.barley (hordeum vulgare) and wheat (triticum aestivum) possess significant phytase activity in the mature grains. maize (zea mays) and rice (oryza sativa) possess little or virtually no preformed phytase activity in the mature grain and depend fully on de novo synthesis during germination. here, it is demonstrated that wheat, barley, maize, and rice all possess purple acid phosphatase (pap) genes that, expressed in pichia pastoris, give fully functional phytases (paphys) with very similar enzyme ...201121220762
molecular evolution of two duplicated cdpk genes cpk7 and cpk12 in grass species: a case study in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).gene duplication contributes to the expansion of gene families and subsequent functional diversification. calcium-dependent protein kinases (cdpks) are members of an important calcium sensor family involved in abiotic and biotic stress signaling in plants. we report here the molecular evolution and expression analysis of a pair of duplicated cdpk genes cpk7 and cpk12 that arose in the common ancestor of grass species. with higher nonsynonymous/synonymous ratios (dn/ds, or ω), cpk12 genes appear ...201121241786
embryo and endosperm development in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) kernels subjected to drought stress.the aim of the present work was to reveal the histological alterations triggered in developing wheat kernels by soil drought stress during early seed development resulting in yield losses at harvest. for this purpose, observations were made on the effect of drought stress, applied in a controlled environment from the 5th to the 9th day after pollination, on the kernel morphology, starch content and grain yield of the drought-sensitive cappelle desprez and drought-tolerant plainsman v winter whea ...201121246199
aphid-parasitoid community structure on genetically modified wheat.since the introduction of genetically modified (gm) plants, one of the main concerns has been their potential effect on non-target insects. many studies have looked at gm plant effects on single non-target herbivore species or on simple herbivore-natural enemy food chains. agro-ecosystems, however, are characterized by numerous insect species which are involved in complex interactions, forming food webs. in this study, we looked at transgenic disease-resistant wheat (triticum aestivum) and its e ...201121247941
cross-genome map based dissection of a nitrogen use efficiency ortho-metaqtl in bread wheat unravels concerted cereal genome evolution.monitoring nitrogen use efficiency (nue) in plants is becoming essential to maintain yield while reducing fertilizer usage. optimized nue application in major crops is essential for long-term sustainability of agriculture production. here, we report the precise identification of 11 major chromosomal regions controlling nue in wheat that co-localise with key developmental genes such as ppd (photoperiod sensitivity), vrn (vernalization requirement), rht (reduced height) and can be considered as ro ...021251102
[analysis of common wheat varieties and near-isogenic lines by pcr with allele-specific primers for gli-1 and glu-3 loci].the allelic characteristics of the gli-a1, gli-b1, gli-d1 and glu-a3 loci of 14 bread wheat varieties and 6 near-isogenic lines derived from bezostaya 1 have been detected by pcr analysis. the conformity of molecular-genetic data and electrophoresis of storage proteins has been determined: the allelic variants of gliadins gli-a1o and gi-a1m correspond to the pcr-allele glia1.2, the gliadin variants gli-a1f, gli-a1b, gli-a1c correspond to the pcr-allele glia 1.1, the allelic variants gli-b1b, gli ...201121254616
assessment of genetic diversity among syrian durum (triticum turgidum ssp. durum) and bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) using ssr markers.genetic diversity among 49 wheat varieties (37 durum and 12 bread wheat) was assayed using 32 microsatellites representing 34 loci covering almost the whole wheat genome. the polymorphic information content (pic) across the tested loci ranged from 0 to 0.88 with average values of 0.57 and 0.65 for durum and bread wheat respectively. b genome had the highest mean number of alleles (10.91) followed by a genome (8.3) whereas d genome had the lowest number (4.73). the correlation between pic and all ...201021254727
comparative structural modeling and docking studies of oxalate oxidase: possible implication in enzyme supplementation therapy for urolithiasis.in humans oxalate is end product of protein metabolism, with no enzyme present to act on it. in conditions of its enhanced endogenous synthesis or increased absorption from the diet, oxalate accumulation leads to hyperoxaluria which can further lead to a number of pathological conditions including urolithiasis. urolithiasis has been a perplexing problem due to its high incidence and rate of recurrence after treatment like extracorporeal-shock wave lithotripsy (eswl). hence other prophylactic tre ...201121255608
residues of bioenergy production chains as soil amendments: immediate and temporal phytotoxicity.the current shift towards bioenergy production increases streams of bioenergy rest-products (rps), which are likely to end-up as soil amendments. however, their impact on soil remains unclear. in this study we evaluated crop phytotoxicity of 15 rps from common bioenergy chains (biogas, biodiesel, bioethanol and pyrolysis). the rps were mixed into a sandy soil and the seedling root and shoot elongation of lettuce (lactuca sativa l.), radish (raphanus sativus l.), and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) ...201021256672
proteome analysis of wheat leaf under salt stress by two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2d-dige).salt stress is a major abiotic stress that limits agricultural productivity in many regions of the world. to understand the molecular basis of the salt stress response in wheat (triticum aestivum l.), a proteomic approach was used to identify the salt stress-responsive proteins in an elite chinese wheat cultivar, zhengmai 9023, which exhibits a high yield, superior gluten quality and better biotic resistance. three-week-old seedlings were treated with nacl of four different concentrations (1.0%, ...201121257186
quantitative trait loci analysis for resistance to cephalosporium stripe, a vascular wilt disease of wheat.cephalosporium stripe, caused by cephalosporium gramineum, can cause severe loss of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) yield and grain quality and can be an important factor limiting adoption of conservation tillage practices. selecting for resistance to cephalosporium stripe is problematic; however, as optimum conditions for disease do not occur annually under natural conditions, inoculum levels can be spatially heterogeneous, and little is known about the inheritance of resistance. a population of 2 ...201121258997
[dynamics of hybrid necrosis genes in russian cultivars of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.)].study of necrosis genotypes of 72 russian cultivars of winter common wheat has confirmed a tendency towards "washing off" of genotypes with the ne1 gene. fifty-six percent of cultivars have the genotype ne1ne1ne2ne2, and 44% have the genotype ne1ne1ne2ne2; i.e., they are free of hybrid necrosis genes. the results of the study indicate that the diversity of the original ancestors in the groups of cultivars with the ne1ne 1ne2ne2 and ne1ne1ne2ne2 genotypes is almost the same. this determines the i ...201021261062
lr34 multi-pathogen resistance abc transporter: molecular analysis of homoeologous and orthologous genes in hexaploid wheat and other grass species.the triticum aestivum (bread wheat) disease resistance gene lr34 confers durable, race non-specific protection against three fungal pathogens, and has been a highly relevant gene for wheat breeding since the green revolution. lr34, located on chromosome 7d, encodes an atp-binding cassette (abc) transporter. both wheat cultivars with and without lr34-based resistance encode a putatively functional protein that differ by only two amino acid polymorphisms. in this study, we focused on the identific ...201121265893
contrasting cdna-aflp profiles between crown and leaf tissues of cold-acclimated wheat plants indicate differing regulatory circuitries for low temperature tolerance.low-temperature (lt) tolerance in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is an economically important but complex trait. four selected wheat genotypes, a winter hardy cultivar, norstar, a tender spring cultivar, manitou and two near-isogenic lines with vrn-a1 (spring norstar) and vrn-a1 (winter manitou) alleles of manitou and norstar were cold-acclimated at 6°c and crown and leaf tissues were collected at 0, 2, 14, 21, 35, 42, 56 and 70 days of cold acclimation. cdna-aflp profiling was used to dete ...201121267634
proteomic analysis of peripheral layers during wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grain development.grains of hexaploid wheat, triticum aestivum (cv. récital), were collected at 15 stages of development, from anthesis to physiological maturity, 0-700°c days (degree days after anthesis). two hundred and seven proteins of grain peripheral layers (inner pericarp, hyaline, testa and aleurone layer) were identified by 2-de, maldi-tof ms and data mining, then were classified in 16 different functional categories. study of the protein expression over time allowed identification of five main profiles ...201121268267
mapping of qtl for tiller number at different stages of growth in wheat using double haploid and immortalized f2 populations.effective tiller number is one of the most important traits for wheat (triticum aestivum l.) yield, but the inheritance of tillering is poorly understood. a set of 168 doubled haploid (dh) lines derivatives of a cross between two winter wheat cultivars (huapei 3 and yumai 57), and an immortalized f(2) (if(2)) population generated by randomly permutated intermating of these dhs were investigated, and qtls of tillering related to the maximum tillering of pre-winter (mtw), maximum tillering in spri ...201021273691
molecular characterization and functional analysis of elite genes in wheat and its related species.the tribe triticeae includes major cereal crops (bread wheat, durum wheat, triticale, barley and rye), as well as abundant forage and lawn grasses. wheat and its wild related species possess numerous favourable genes for yield improvement, grain quality enhancement, biotic and abiotic stress resistance, and constitute a giant gene pool for wheat improvement. in recent years, significant progress on molecular characterization and functional analysis of elite genes in wheat and its related species ...201021273706
visualisation of stromules in transgenic wheat expressing a plastid-targeted yellow fluorescent protein.stromules are stroma-filled tubules that extend from the plastids in all multicellular plants examined to date. to facilitate the visualisation of stromules on different plastid types in various tissues of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.), a chimeric gene construct encoding enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (eyfp) targeted to plastids with the transit peptide of wheat granule-bound starch synthase i was introduced by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. the gene construct was under the con ...201121274561
concentration-dependent rdx uptake and remediation by crop plants.the potential rdx contamination of food chain from polluted soil is a significant concern in regards to both human health and environment. using a hydroponic system and selected soils spiked with rdx, this study disclosed that four crop plant species maize (zea mays), sorghum (sorghum sudanese), wheat (triticum aestivum), and soybean (glycine max) were capable of rdx uptake with more in aerial parts than roots. the accumulation of rdx in the plant tissue is concentration-dependent up to 21 mg rd ...201121274639
expression of a radish defensin in transgenic wheat confers increased resistance to fusarium graminearum and rhizoctonia cerealis.fusarium head blight (scab), primarily caused by fusarium graminearum, is a devastating disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) worldwide. wheat sharp eyespot, mainly caused by rhizoctonia cerealis, is one of the major diseases of wheat in china. the defensin rsafp2, a small cyteine-rich antifungal protein from radish (raphanus sativus), was shown to inhibit growth in vitro of agronomically important fungal pathogens, such as f. graminearum and r. cerealis. the rsafp2 gene was transformed into c ...201121279533
[spatiotemporal expression patterns of three vernalization genes in wheat].to identify spatiotemporal expression patterns of vernalization genes in common wheat, we analyzed expression characteristics of several vernalization genes (vrn1, vrn2 and vrn3) in the wheat cultivars 'chinese spring' and 'luohan 2' by rt-pcr. the vrn1 gene was expressed at different levels in the leaves and roots at the 3-leaf stage, stems, flag leaves at the grain-filling stage, anthers, ovules, and developing seeds in 'chinese spring'. expression of vrn1 increased before flowering date, then ...201021284214
accurate inference of shoot biomass from high-throughput images of cereal plants.with the establishment of advanced technology facilities for high throughput plant phenotyping, the problem of estimating plant biomass of individual plants from their two dimensional images is becoming increasingly important. the approach predominantly cited in literature is to estimate the biomass of a plant as a linear function of the projected shoot area of plants in the images. however, the estimation error from this model, which is solely a function of projected shoot area, is large, prohi ...201121284859
three-dimensional distribution of vessels, passage cells and lateral roots along the root axis of winter wheat (triticum aestivum).the capacity of a plant to absorb and transport water and nutrients depends on anatomical structures within the roots and their co-ordination. however, most descriptions of root anatomical structure are limited to 2-d cross-sections, providing little information on 3-d spatial relationships and hardly anything on their temporal evolution. three-dimensional reconstruction and visualization of root anatomical structures can illustrate spatial co-ordination among cells and tissues and provide new i ...201121289027
thiol redox-sensitive seed proteome in dormant and non-dormant hybrid genotypes of wheat.the thiol redox-sensitive and the total proteome in harvest-ripe grains of closely related genotypes of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), with either a dormant or a non-dormant phenotype, were investigated using hybrid lines of spring wheat double haploid population segregating transgressively, to gain further insight into seed dormancy controlling events. redox signalling by reactive oxygen species has been shown to play a role in seed dormancy alleviation. thiol-disulfide proteins are of particula ...201121295800
genetic differentiation of puccinia triticina populations in the middle east and genetic similarity with populations in central asia.leaf rust of wheat, caused by puccinia triticina, is a common and widespread disease in the middle east. the objective of this study was to determine whether genetically differentiated groups of p. triticina are present in the middle east region and to compare the population from the middle east with the previously characterized population from central asia to determine whether genetically similar groups of isolates are found in the two regions. in total, 118 isolates of p. triticina collected f ...201121303212
virulence in hessian fly (diptera: cecidomyiidae) field collections from the southeastern united states to 21 resistance genes in wheat.genetic resistance in wheat, triticum aestivum l., is the most efficacious method for control of hessian fly, mayetiola destructor (say) (diptera: cecidomyiidae). however, because of the appearance of new genotypes (biotypes) in response to deployment of resistance, field collections of hessian fly need to be evaluated on a regular basis to provide breeders and producers information on the efficacy of resistance (r) genes with respect to the genotype composition of hessian fly in regional areas. ...201021309248
temperature preference and respiration of acaridid mites.the thermal preferences in a grain mass and respiration at various temperatures in mites (acari: acarididae) of medical and economical importance [acarus siro (l. 1758), dermatophagoides farinae hughes 1961, lepidoglyphus destructor (schrank 1871), and tyrophagus putrescentiae (schrank 1781)] were studied under laboratory conditions. based on the distribution of mites in wheat, triticum aestivum l., grain along a thermal gradient from 10 to 40 degrees c, l. destructor, d. farinae, and a. siro we ...201021309251
deciphering the complexities of the wheat flour proteome using quantitative two-dimensional electrophoresis, three proteases and tandem mass spectrometry. 201121314956
evolution of polyploid triticum wheats under cultivation: the role of domestication, natural hybridization and allopolyploid speciation in their diversification.the evolution of the polyploid triticum wheats is distinctive in that domestication, natural hybridization and allopolyploid speciation have all had significant impacts on their diversification. in this review, i outline the phylogenetic relationships of cultivated wheats and their wild relatives and provide an overview of the recent progress and remaining issues in understanding the genetic and ecological factors that favored their evolution. an attempt is made to view the evolution of the poly ...201121317146
detecting ingested plant dna in soil-living insect larvae.although a significant proportion of plant tissue is located in roots and other below-ground parts of plants, little is known on the dietary choices of root-feeding insects. this is caused by a lack of adequate methodology which would allow tracking below-ground trophic interactions between insects and plants. here, we present a dna-based approach to examine this relationship. feeding experiments were established where either wheat (triticum aestivum) or maize (zea mays) was fed to agriotes larv ...201121317975
bac libraries from wheat chromosome 7d: efficient tool for positional cloning of aphid resistance genes.positional cloning in bread wheat is a tedious task due to its huge genome size and hexaploid character. bac libraries represent an essential tool for positional cloning. however, wheat bac libraries comprise more than million clones, which makes their screening very laborious. here, we present a targeted approach based on chromosome-specific bac libraries. such libraries were constructed from flow-sorted arms of wheat chromosome 7d. a library from the short arm (7ds) consisting of 49,152 clones ...201121318113
the influence of temperature on plant development in a vernalization-requiring winter wheat: a 2-de based proteomic investigation.in this work, proteomics was used to study the influence of both optimal and low temperatures on growth and development in a vernalization-requiring winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv cheyenne) after prolonged times of treatment. for this purpose, plants were grown at optimal temperature (20°c) for 14 days (zero point) after which half were transferred to conditioned chambers kept at 4°c for a period of 63 days. cold tolerance, as estimated from lethal temperatures (lt(50)), and phenological ...201121320650
tanf-yb3 is involved in the regulation of photosynthesis genes in triticum aestivum.nuclear factor y (nf-y) transcription factor is a heterotrimer comprised of three subunits: nf-ya, nf-yb and nf-yc. each of the three subunits in plants is encoded by multiple genes with differential expression profiles, implying the functional specialisation of nf-y subunit members in plants. in this study, we investigated the roles of nf-yb members in the light-mediated regulation of photosynthesis genes. we identified two nf-yb members from triticum aestivum (tanf-yb3 & 7) which were markedly ...201121327447
physical and stress-strain properties of wheat (triticum aestivum) kernel.two hard wheat varieties and one soft variety grown under the same agroecological conditions were analyzed for their physical and uniaxial stress-strain compression properties.201121328363
different site-specific n-glycan types in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) pap phytase.phytase activity in grain is essential to make phosphate available to cell metabolism, and in food and feed. cereals contain the purple acid phosphatase type of phytases (paphy). mature wheat grain is dominated by tapaphy_a which, in the present work, has been characterized by extensive peptide and glycopeptide sequencing by mass spectrometry. seven n-linked glycosylation sites were found. three of these sites were dominated by variant forms of the xylman(3)fucglcnac(2), i.e. the hrp-type of gly ...021329951
lead phytotoxicity on wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seed germination and seedlings growth.lead (pb) is an environmental pollutant extremely toxic to plants and other living organisms including humans. to assess pb phytotoxicity, experiments focusing on germination of wheat seeds were germinated in a solution containing pb (no(3))(2) (0.05; 0.1; 0.5; 1g/l) during 6 days. lead accumulation in seedlings was positively correlated with the external concentrations, and negatively correlated with morphological parameters of plant growth. lead increased lipid peroxidation, enhanced soluble p ...201121333942
nutritional and functional added value of oat, kamut, spelt, rye and buckwheat versus common wheat in breadmaking.multicereal/pseudocereal blends based on major and minor seeds with high nutritional profile appear as a promising strategy, hardly explored, to obtain enhanced value grain-based foods such as bread.021337578
physicochemical and dough-handling characteristics of indian wheat and triticale cultivars.four bread wheat (pbw-138, pbw-299, pbw-343 and pbw-373), two durum wheat (pdw-215 and pdw-233) and two triticale cultivars (tl-419 and tl-1210) were investigated for physicochemical, milling and dough-handling properties for predicting end-use quality. physical properties of durum wheat (pdw-215) and bread wheat (pbw-138, pbw-299 and pbw-343) cultivars were better than other wheat, durum and triticale cultivars. the compositional analysis revealed nonsignificant differences between the differen ...201021339155
construction and characterization of a cdna library from wheat infected with fusarium graminearum fg 2.total rna from wheat spikes infected with f. graminearum fg2 was extracted and the mrna was purified. switching mechanism at 5' end of the rna transcript (smart) technique and cds ill/3' primer were used for first-strand cdna synthesis using reverse transcriptase by rt-pcr. primer extension polymerase chain reaction was used to construct the double-strand cdna that was digested by proteinase k, then by sfi i and fractionated. cdnas longer than 0.5 kb were collected and ligated to ?triplex2 vecto ...201121340003
assessing the role of root plasma membrane and tonoplast na+/h+ exchangers in salinity tolerance in wheat: in planta quantification methods.this work investigates the role of cytosolic na+ exclusion in roots as a means of salinity tolerance in wheat, and offers in planta methods for the functional assessment of major transporters contributing to this trait. an electrophysiological protocol was developed to quantify the activity of plasma membrane na+ efflux systems in roots, using the microelectrode ion flux estimation (mife) technique. we show that active efflux of na+ from wheat root epidermal cells is mediated by a sos1-like homo ...201121342209
stable chloroplast transformation of immature scutella and inflorescences in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).chloroplast transformation in wheat was achieved by bombardment of scutella from immature embryos and immature inflorescences, respectively. a wheat chloroplast site-specific expression vector, pbagnrk, was constructed by placing an expression cassette containing neomycin phosphotransferase ii (nptii) and green fluorescent protein (gfp) as selection and reporter genes, respectively, in the intergenic spacer between atpb and rbcl of wheat chloroplast genome. integration of gfp gene in the plastom ...201121343162
delivery of prolamins to the protein storage vacuole in maize aleurone cells.zeins, the prolamin storage proteins found in maize (zea mays), accumulate in accretions called protein bodies inside the endoplasmic reticulum (er) of starchy endosperm cells. we found that genes encoding zeins, α-globulin, and legumin-1 are transcribed not only in the starchy endosperm but also in aleurone cells. unlike the starchy endosperm, aleurone cells accumulate these storage proteins inside protein storage vacuoles (psvs) instead of the er. aleurone psvs contain zein-rich protein inclus ...021343414
development of a new marker system for identifying the complex members of the low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit gene family in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (lmw-gss) play an important role in determining the bread-making quality of bread wheat. however, lmw-gss display high polymorphic protein complexes encoded by multiple genes, and elucidating the complex lmw-gs gene family in bread wheat remains challenging. in the present study, using conventional polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with conserved primers and high-resolution capillary electrophoresis, we developed a new molecular marker system for identifying ...201121344181
characterisation of a new stripe rust resistance gene yr47 and its genetic association with the leaf rust resistance gene lr52.two iranian common wheat landraces aus28183 and aus28187 from the watkins collection showed high levels of seedling resistance against australian pathotypes of leaf rust and stripe rust pathogens. chi-squared analyses of rust response segregation among f(3) populations derived from crosses of aus28183 and aus28187 with a susceptible genotype aus27229 revealed monogenic inheritance of leaf rust and stripe rust resistance. as both genotypes produced similar leaf rust and stripe rust infection type ...201121344185
development and characterization of wheat-ae. searsii robertsonian translocations and a recombinant chromosome conferring resistance to stem rust.the emergence of a new highly virulent race of stem rust (puccinia graminis tritici), ug99, rapid evolution of new ug99 derivative races overcoming resistance of widely deployed genes, and spread towards important wheat growing areas now potentially threaten world food security. exploiting novel genes effective against ug99 from wild relatives of wheat is one of the most promising strategies for the protection of the wheat crop. a new source of resistance to ug99 was identified in the short arm ...201121347655
sequencing and assembly of low copy and genic regions of isolated triticum aestivum chromosome arm 7ds.the genome of bread wheat (triticum aestivum) is predicted to be greater than 16 gbp in size and consist predominantly of repetitive elements, making the sequencing and assembly of this genome a major challenge. we have reduced genome sequence complexity by isolating chromosome arm 7ds and applied second-generation technology and appropriate algorithmic analysis to sequence and assemble low copy and genic regions of this chromosome arm. the assembly represents approximately 40% of the chromosome ...201121356002
synthesizing double haploid hexaploid wheat populations based on a spontaneous alloploidization process.doubled haploid (dh) populations are useful to scientists and breeders in both crop improvement and basic research. current methods of producing dhs usually need in vitro culture for extracting haploids and chemical treatment for chromosome doubling. this report describes a simple method for synthesizing dhs (syndh) especially for allopolyploid species by utilizing meiotic restitution genes. the method involves three steps: hybridization to induce recombination, interspecific hybridization to ex ...201121356528
major genes for na+ exclusion, nax1 and nax2 (wheat hkt1;4 and hkt1;5), decrease na+ accumulation in bread wheat leaves under saline and waterlogged conditions.two major genes for na(+) exclusion in durum wheat, nax1 and nax2, that were previously identified as the na(+) transporters tmhkt1;4-a2 and tmhkt1;5-a, were transferred into bread wheat in order to increase its capacity to restrict the accumulation of na(+) in leaves. the genes were crossed from tetraploid durum wheat (triticum turgidum ssp. durum) into hexaploid bread wheat (triticum aestivum) by interspecific crossing and marker-assisted selection for hexaploid plants containing one or both g ...201121357768
microbial activity and water-soluble trace element species in the rhizosphere of spring wheat (triticum aestivum cv. usu-perigee).the influence of microbial activity on the concentration and speciation of trace elements (tes) was assessed in a study on the bioavailability of tes for edible plants. a growth chamber experiment with spring wheat (triticum aestivum cv. usu-perigee) was conducted and the bulk (bk) and the rhizosphere (rz) soil components were collected at maturity. a characterization of the microbial activity and population was made by measuring the microbial biomass, enzymes (acid phosphatase, arylsulfatase, d ...201121359293
genetic diversity and linkage disequilibrium in chinese bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) revealed by ssr markers.two hundred and fifty bread wheat lines, mainly chinese mini core accessions, were assayed for polymorphism and linkage disequilibrium (ld) based on 512 whole-genome microsatellite loci representing a mean marker density of 5.1 cm. a total of 6,724 alleles ranging from 1 to 49 per locus were identified in all collections. the mean pic value was 0.650, ranging from 0 to 0.965. population structure and principal coordinate analysis revealed that landraces and modern varieties were two relatively i ...201121365016
neutron activation analysis of wheat samples.the deficiency of essential micronutrients and excess of toxic metals in cereals, an important food items for human nutrition, can cause public health risk. therefore, before their consumption and adoption of soil supplementation, concentrations of essential micronutrients and metals in cereals should be monitored. this study collected soil and two varieties of wheat samples-triticum aestivum l. (jordão/bread wheat), and triticum durum l. (marialva/durum wheat) from elvas area, portugal and anal ...201121367605
wheat domestication: lessons for the future.wheat was one of the first crops to be domesticated more than 10,000 years ago in the middle east. molecular genetics and archaeological data have allowed the reconstruction of plausible domestication scenarios leading to modern cultivars. for diploid einkorn and tetraploid durum wheat, a single domestication event has likely occurred in the karacadag mountains, turkey. following a cross between tetraploid durum and diploid t. tauschii, the resultant hexaploid bread wheat was domesticated and di ...201121377616
technological, rheological and yield differences among egyptian wheat varieties.a field experiment was conducted during the two winter seasons of 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 to evaluate the yield and its components, milling, technological and rheological characteristics as well as the correlation between these characteristics of eight bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars (gemmeiza 7, gemmeiza 9, gemmeiza 10, sakha 92, sakha 93, sakha 94, giza 164 and giza 168). these cultivars were chosen because they were new.201121384350
temporal dynamics in wheat grain zinc distribution: is sink limitation the key?enhancing the zinc (zn) concentration in wheat (triticum aestivum) grain is a breeding objective in order to improve human zn nutrition. at enhanced plant zn uptake, grain zn levels do not increase proportionally and within the grain the endosperm zn levels remain below grain zn levels. this study analysed the temporal dynamics of zn concentrations in grain tissues during grain filling to find major bottlenecks.201121385780
organization and dynamics of plant interphase chromosomes.eukaryotic chromosomes occupy distinct territories within interphase nuclei. the arrangement of chromosome territories (cts) is important for replication, transcription, repair and recombination processes. our knowledge about interphase chromatin arrangement is mainly based on results from in situ labeling approaches. the phylogenetic affiliation of a species, cell cycle, differentiation status and environmental factors are all likely to influence interphase nuclear architecture. in this review ...201121393049
starch waxiness in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.) by nir reflectance spectroscopy.wheat (triticum aestivum l.) breeding programs are currently developing varieties that are free of amylose (waxy wheat), as well as genetically intermediate (partial waxy) types. successful introduction of waxy wheat varieties into commerce is predicated on a rapid methodology at the commodity point of sale that can test for the waxy condition. near-infrared (nir) reflectance spectroscopy, one such technology, was applied to a diverse set of hard winter (hexaploid) wheat breeders' lines represen ...201121401107
wheat grain development is characterized by remarkable trehalose 6-phosphate accumulation pregrain filling: tissue distribution and relationship to snf1-related protein kinase1 activity.trehalose 6-phosphate (t6p) is a sugar signal that regulates metabolism, growth, and development and inhibits the central regulatory snf1-related protein kinase1 (snrk1; akin10/akin11). to better understand the mechanism in wheat (triticum aestivum) grain, we analyze t6p content and snrk1 activities. t6p levels changed 178-fold 1 to 45 d after anthesis (daa), correlating with sucrose content. t6p ranged from 78 nmol g(-1) fresh weight (fw) pregrain filling, around 100-fold higher than previously ...201121402798
susceptibility of tribolium castaneum (coleoptera: tenebrionidae) life stages to flameless catalytic infrared radiation.the susceptibility of various life stages of the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum (herbst) (coleoptera: tenebrionidae), a pest of stored wheat, triticum aestivum l., to flameless catalytic infrared radiation in the 3-7-microm range was evaluated in the laboratory. immature stages were collected from flour infested with t. castaneum adults only for 1 d. stages collected after 1 d represented eggs (collected on day 0); those collected after 7, 14, and 21 d from day 0 represented larvae in dif ...201121404874
analysis of salt stress induced changes in photosystem ii heterogeneity by prompt fluorescence and delayed fluorescence in wheat (triticum aestivum) leaves.in order to investigate changes in the heterogeneity of psii, prompt fluorescence induction curves (pfic) and delayed fluorescence induction curves (dfic) were measured in wheat leaves after salt treatment. from these data, antenna heterogeneity and reducing side heterogeneity were estimated. results show that antenna size, which is further differentiated into α, β and γ psii centers, is changed under salt stress conditions. at higher salt concentration, there is a decrease in the number of α ps ...201521414797
high temperature during grain fill alters the morphology of protein and starch deposits in the starchy endosperm cells of developing wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grain.high temperature during grain fill reduces wheat yield and alters flour quality. starchy endosperm cell morphology was investigated in wheat ( triticum aestivum l. 'butte 86') grain produced under a 24/17 or 37/28 °c day/night regimen imposed from anthesis to maturity to identify changes in cell structure related to the functional properties of flour. the duration of grain fill decreased substantially under the 37/28 °c regimen, but, like the 24/17 °c regimen, endosperm cells in the mature grain ...201121417450
active-site architecture of benzoxazinone-glucoside β-d-glucosidases in triticeae.the β-d-glucosidases from wheat (triticum aestivum) and rye (secale cereale) hydrolyze benzoxazinone-glucose conjugates. although wheat and rye glucosidases have high sequence identity, they have different substrate preferences; the wheat enzyme favors dimboa-glc (2-o-β-d-glucopyranosyl-4-hydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one) over diboa-glc (7-demethoxy-dimboa-glc), whereas the rye enzyme preference is the opposite. to investigate the mechanism of substrate binding, we analyzed crystal structu ...201121421370
characterization of a single recessive yield trait mutant with elevated endogenous aba concentration and deformed grains, spikelets and leaves.the characterization of yield trait mutants is important for understanding the regulation of grain yield formation in staple food crops. meh0239 is a yield trait-related mutant identified from a mutant library of the common wheat cultivar wangshuibai created by ethylmethyl sulfide (ems) treatment of dry seeds. to shed some light on the nature of this mutation, it was investigated morphologically, physiologically, anatomically and genetically. the mutant plant showed obvious phenotypic difference ...201121421375
waterlogging pretreatment during vegetative growth improves tolerance to waterlogging after anthesis in wheat.the interaction of multiple waterlogging events during vegetative growth (at the seven- and nine-leaf stage, and at heading) to a waterlogging event during the generative growth stage was studied in wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. yangmai 9). waterlogging before anthesis was found to effectively enhance tolerance to a waterlogging event after anthesis, as indicated by: (1) increasing net photosynthetsis (p(n)), stomatal conductance (g(s)) and transpiration (tr) and maintaining high spad (soil pl ...201121421417
identification of drought-responsive universal stress proteins in viridiplantae.genes encoding proteins that contain the universal stress protein (usp) domain are known to provide bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, and plants with the ability to respond to a plethora of environmental stresses. specifically in plants, drought tolerance is a desirable phenotype. however, limited focused and organized functional genomic datasets exist on drought-responsive plant usp genes to facilitate their characterization. the overall objective of the investigation was to identify diverse ...201121423406
retention of d genome chromosomes in pentaploid wheat crosses.the transfer of genes between triticum aestivum (hexaploid bread wheat) and t. turgidum (tetraploid durum wheat) holds considerable potential for genetic improvement of both these closely related species. five different t. aestivum/t. turgidum ssp. durum crosses were investigated using diversity arrays technology (dart) markers to determine the inheritance of parental a, b and d genome material in subsequent generations derived from these crosses. the proportions of a, b and d chromosomal segmen ...201121427754
implications of high-temperature events and water deficits on protein profiles in wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. vinjett) grain.increased climatic variability is resulting in an increase of both the frequency and the magnitude of extreme climate events. therefore, cereals may be exposed to more than one stress event in the growing season, which may ultimately affect crop yield and quality. here, effects are reported of interaction of water deficits and/or a high-temperature event (32°c) during vegetative growth (terminal spikelet) with either of these stress events applied during generative growth (anthesis) in wheat. in ...021433286
a novel robertsonian translocation event leads to transfer of a stem rust resistance gene (sr52) effective against race ug99 from dasypyrum villosum into bread wheat.stem rust (puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici eriks. & e. henn.) (the causal agent of wheat stem rust) race ug99 (also designated ttksk) and its derivatives have defeated several important stem rust resistance genes widely used in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) production, rendering much of the worldwide wheat acreage susceptible. in order to identify new resistance sources, a large collection of wheat relatives and genetic stocks maintained at the wheat genetic and genomic resources center was scre ...201121437597
protein and metal cluster structure of the wheat metallothionein domain γ-e(c)-1: the second part of the puzzle.metallothioneins (mts) are small cysteine-rich proteins coordinating various transition metal ions, including zn(ii), cd(ii), and cu(i). mts are ubiquitously present in all phyla, indicating a successful molecular concept for metal ion binding in all organisms. the plant mt e(c)-1 from triticum aestivum, common bread wheat, is a zn(ii)-binding protein that comprises two domains and binds up to six metal ions. the structure of the c-terminal four metal ion binding β(e) domain was recently describ ...201121437709
alleviation of cold stress in inoculated wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings with psychrotolerant pseudomonads from nw himalayas.twelve psychrotolerant pseudomonad strains were selected on the basis of various plant growth-promoting (pgp) activities at cold temperature (4°c). the effect of inoculation with pseudomonad strains on cold alleviation and growth of wheat seedling at cold temperature (8°c) was investigated under greenhouse condition. inoculation with pseudomonad strains significantly enhanced root/shoot biomass and nutrients uptake as compared to non-bacterized control at 60 days of plant growth. bacterization s ...201121442319
changes in the water status and osmotic solute contents in response to drought and salicylic acid treatments in four different cultivars of wheat (triticum aestivum).salicylic acid (sa) controls growth and stress responses in plants. it also induces drought tolerance in plants. in this paper, four wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars with different drought responses were treated with sa in three levels of drain (90, 60, 30% of maximum field capacity) to examine its interactive effects on drought responses and contents of osmotic solutes that may be involved in growth and osmotic adjustment. under drought condition, the cultivars geza 164 and sakha 69 had t ...201221445718
quality of bread made from ozonated wheat (triticum aestivum l.) flour.ozone gas could be used as a fumigant during grain and flour storage. experiments were conducted to determine the effects of exposure to ozone and the effects of blending ozone-treated flour with control flour on flour functionality and bread-making quality.201121445841
[characteristics of common wheat cultivars of west siberia carrying the wheat-rye 1rs.1bl translocation].using genomic in situ hybridization, among the common wheat cultivars produced in west siberia (siberian research institute of agriculture, omsk) with the involvement of the winter wheat cultivar kavkaz carrying the wheat-rye 1rs.1bl translocation we identified three cultivars with this translocation: omskaya 29, omskaya 37, and omskaya 38. the protein and crude gluten contents in the grain of these cultivars are equal to or exceed the levels observed in cultivars without the wheat-rye transloca ...201121446180
puroindoline-a, a lipid binding protein from common wheat, spontaneously forms prolate protein micelles in solution.the self-assembly in solution of puroindoline-a (pin-a), an amphiphilic lipid binding protein from common wheat, was investigated by small angle neutron scattering, dynamic light scattering and size exclusion chromatography. pin-a was found to form monodisperse prolate ellipsoidal micelles with a major axial radius of 112 ± 4.5 å and minor axial radius of 40.4 ± 0.18 å. these protein micelles were formed by the spontaneous self-assembly of 38 pin-a molecules in solution and were stable over a wi ...201121451840
synthesis and herbicidal activity of 5-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one esters.a series of novel 5-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one esters were synthesized under mild conditions by the reaction of 5-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one and carboxylic acids with dcc and dmap as the promoters. their structures were confirmed by ¹h-nmr, ir, esi-ms and elemental analysis. the preliminary bioassy results indicated that some of compounds exhibit good herbicidal activity against zea mays, triticum aestivum and arabidopsis thaliana. the further greenhouse test ...201121455096
members of the rkd transcription factor family induce an egg cell-like gene expression program.in contrast to animals, the life cycle of higher plants alternates between a gamete-producing (gametophyte) and a spore-producing (sporophyte) generation. the female gametophyte of angiosperms consists of four distinct cell types, including two gametes, the egg and the central cell, which give rise to embryo and endosperm, respectively. based on a combined subtractive hybridization and virtual subtraction approach in wheat (triticum aestivum l.), we have isolated a class of transcription factors ...201121457369
tasrg, a wheat transcription factor, significantly affects salt tolerance in transgenic rice and arabidopsis.based on our microarray-analysis results of the salt tolerant wheat mutant, rh8706-49, an unknown salt-induced gene containing a conserved duf662 domain was identified and cloned; we named this gene tasrg (triticum aestivum salt response gene). real-time quantitative pcr analyses showed that the expression of this gene was affected by salt, drought, cold, aba and other stress conditions. the overexpression of tasrg in wild-type arabidopsis resulted in increased salt tolerance compared with wild- ...201121457711
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