Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| community participation and appropriate technologies for dengue vector control at transmission foci in thailand. | a community-based dengue vector control trial was conducted at transmission foci in plaeng yao district, chachoengsao province, eastern thailand. implementation was done by the local community in collaboration with local administration, public health, and school authorities. our cost-effective approaches combined a source reduction campaign with appropriate vector control technologies applied within the foci (within 100 m around the foci) and also within schools attended by children from the tre ... | 2006 | 17067059 |
| toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins against bean shoot borer (epinotia aporema wals.) larvae, a major soybean pest in argentina. | the toxicity of seven bacillus thuringiensis cry protoxins was tested against neonate larvae of epinotia aporema, a major soybean pest in argentina and south america. the most active protoxins were cry1ab and cry1ac, with lc50 values of 0.55 and 1.39 microg/ml, respectively. cry1aa, cry1ba, cry1ca, and cry9ca protoxins were equally toxic with lc50 values about 4 microg/ml, whereas cry1da was not toxic. the synergistic activity of different protoxin-mixtures was also analyzed, no synergistic effe ... | 2007 | 17069845 |
| the quorum-quenching metallo-gamma-lactonase from bacillus thuringiensis exhibits a leaving group thio effect. | lactone-hydrolyzing enzymes derived from some bacillus species are capable of disrupting quorum sensing in bacteria that use n-acyl-l-homoserine lactones (ahls) as intercellular signaling molecules. despite the promise of these quorum-quenching enzymes as therapeutic and anti-biofouling agents, the ring opening mechanism and the role of metal ions in catalysis have not been elucidated. labeling studies using (18)o, (2)h, and the ahl lactonase from bacillus thuringiensis implicate an addition-eli ... | 2006 | 17073460 |
| the smr gene resides on a novel plasmid psp187 identified in a staphylococcus pasteuri isolate recovered from unpasteurized milk. | this work describes a novel plasmid psp187 (5550 bp) carrying the small multidrug resistance determinant smr encoding resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds (qacs). psp187 was identified in a staphylococcus pasteuri isolate recovered from bulk milk in a dairy cattle herd in norway. sequence analysis revealed 6 putative orfs in addition to the smr gene within a cassette with identical genetic organization to that found in the psk41-like staphylococcus aureus plasmid ptz22. a protein homology ... | 2007 | 17074390 |
| an indigenous drought-tolerant strain of glomus intraradices associated with a native bacterium improves water transport and root development in retama sphaerocarpa. | the effects of interactions between bacillus thuringiensis, a drought-adapted bacterium, and two isolates of glomus intraradices, an arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungus, on retama sphaerocarpa, a drought-adapted legume, were investigated. the fungal isolates were an indigenous drought-tolerant and a nonindigenous drought-sensitive isolate. shoot length and root growth, symbiotic parameters, water transport (in terms of percent relative plant water uptake), and volumetric soil moisture and soil en ... | 2006 | 17075734 |
| potential of the bacillus thuringiensis toxin reservoir for the control of lobesia botrana (lepidoptera: tortricidae), a major pest of grape plants. | the potential of bacillus thuringiensis cry proteins to control the grape pest lobesia botrana was explored by testing first-instar larvae with cry proteins belonging to the cry1, cry2, and cry9 groups selected for their documented activities against lepidoptera. cry9ca, a toxin from b. thuringiensis, was the protein most toxic to l. botrana larvae, followed in decreasing order by cry2ab, cry1ab, cry2aa, and cry1ia7, with 50% lethal concentration values of 0.09, 0.1, 1.4, 3.2, and 8.5 microg/ml ... | 2007 | 17085712 |
| [characterization of crystal-forming bacteria bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tohokuensis toxic to mosquitos]. | distribution study of bacillus thuringiensis strains in western siberian soils allowed us to isolate crystal-forming bacteria assigned to a new pathovar of bacillus thuringiensis ssp. tohokuensis with a toxic effect on mosquito larvae. a description of this bacterial pathovar is presented. | 2006 | 17086974 |
| effects of disulfide bridges in domain i of bacillus thuringiensis cry1aa delta-endotoxin on ion-channel formation in biological membranes. | the delta-endotoxin family of toxic proteins represents the major component of the insecticidal capability of the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis. domain i of the toxins, which is largely alpha-helical, has been proposed to unfold at protein entry into the membrane of a target insect, following models known as the penknife and umbrella models. we extended the analysis of a previous work in which four disulfide bridges were constructed in domain i of the cry1aa delta-endotoxin that putatively pr ... | 2006 | 17087513 |
| persistence of bacillus thuringiensis bioinsecticides in the gut of human-flora-associated rats. | the capability of two bioinsecticide strains of bacillus thuringiensis (ssp. israelensis and ssp. kurstaki) to germinate and persist in vivo in the gastrointestinal tract of human-flora-associated rats was studied. rats were dosed either with vegetative cells or spores of the bacteria for 4 consecutive days. in animals fed spores, b. thuringiensis cells were detected in faecal and intestinal samples of all animals, whereas vegetative cells only poorly survived the gastric passage. heat-treatment ... | 2006 | 17087815 |
| expression of vitreoscilla hemoglobin in bacillus thuringiensis improve the cell density and insecticidal crystal proteins yield. | the vitreoscilla hemoglobin (vhb) gene (vgb) was integrated into the chromosome of bacillus thuringiensis bmb171 using integrative vector peg491. the production of vhb was confirmed by co-difference spectra analysis. fermentation experiments results showed that with the production of vhb, the critical oxygen concentration (coc) of the host strain was reduced from 18 to 12%. the maximum viable cell counts of the vhb+ strain in high, middle, and low aeration/agitation fermentations were 0.94-, 1.2 ... | 2007 | 17089120 |
| status of eldana saccharina (lepidoptera: pyralidae), its host plants and natural enemies in ethiopia. | surveys for sugarcane stem borers were undertaken in ethiopia to determine the prevalence and distribution of these and their natural enemies in crops and indigenous host plants. eldana saccharina walker was not recovered from sugarcane, but was present in three indigenous wetland sedges, cyperus papyrus, c. fastigiatus and c. dives in the southern, central and northern part of the country. the latter indigenous host plant was present in waterways adjacent to sugarcane on the commercial sugar es ... | 2006 | 17092361 |
| strategy for amplification and sequencing of insecticidal cry1a genes from bacillus thuringiensis. | a feasible and fully described strategy, with a detailed list of primers, for amplifying, cloning and sequencing known and potentially novel cry1a genes harboured by a bacillus thuringiensis strain was successfully established. based on the analysis of conserved regions of the cry1a genes, the 1af and 1ur oligonucleotide primers were designed to amplify the whole open reading frame of these genes. the pcr products obtained revealed the successful amplification of cry1a genes from 13 b. thuringie ... | 2007 | 17096209 |
| thirteen week feeding study with transgenic maize grain containing event das-ø15ø7-1 in sprague-dawley rats. | maize line 1507, containing event das-ø15ø7-1 (1507), is a genetically modified (gm) maize plant that expresses the cry1f gene from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) sbsp. aizawai and the phosphinothricin-n-acetyltransferase (pat) gene from streptomyces viridochromogenes throughout the plant including in the grain expression of the cry1f protein confers in planta resistance to the european corn borer (ecb; ostrinia nubilalis hübner: crambidae) and other lepidopteran pests. expression of the pat protei ... | 2007 | 17097206 |
| proteolytic stability of insecticidal toxins expressed in recombinant bacilli. | the production of the vegetative mosquitocidal toxin mtx1 from bacillus sphaericus was redirected to the sporulation phase by replacement of its weak, native promoter with the strong sporulation promoter of the bin genes. recombinant bacilli developed toxicity during early sporulation, but this declined rapidly in later stages, indicating the proteolytic instability of the toxin. inhibition studies indicated the action of a serine proteinase, and similar degradation was also seen with the purifi ... | 2007 | 17098916 |
| identification and characterization of a polysaccharide deacetylase gene from bacillus thuringiensis. | one polysaccharide deacetylase gene was cloned from bacillus thuringiensis and designated pdaa. disruption of pdaa did not affect vegetative growth and sporulation but obviously affected spore germination. when l-alanine was added into the spore suspension, the spores of the pdaa disruption mutant showed a slow and partial reduction in absorbance at od600 and became phase pale gray compared with phase dark of the wild-type strain. in contrast with the outgrowing of wild-type spores after germina ... | 2006 | 17110961 |
| characterization of chimeric bacillus thuringiensis vip3 toxins. | bacillus thuringiensis vegetative insecticidal proteins (vip) are potential alternatives for b. thuringiensis endotoxins that are currently utilized in commercial transgenic insect-resistant crops. screening a large number of b. thuringiensis isolates resulted in the cloning of vip3ac1. vip3ac1 showed high insecticidal activity against the fall armyworm spodoptera frugiperda and the cotton bollworm helicoverpa zea but very low activity against the silkworm bombyx mori. the host specificity of th ... | 2007 | 17122403 |
| antimicrobial activity of different proteins and their fragments from bacillus thuringiensis parasporal crystals against clostridia and archaea. | proteins of parasporal crystals (cry proteins) from entomopathogenic bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (subspecies kurstaki, galleriae, tenebrionis) as well as some fragments of these proteins, obtained by limited proteolysis, are capable of antimicrobial action against anaerobic bacteria and archaea-clostridium butyricum, clostridium acetobutylicum and methanosarcina barkeri. the mics are 45-150 microg/ml. electron microscopy showed that lysis of m. barkeri cells in the presence of 49kda fragmen ... | 2007 | 17126041 |
| interaction of bacillus thuringiensis svar. israelensis cry toxins with binding sites from aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) larvae midgut. | this work shows in vitro processing of bacillus thuringiensis svar. isralensis cry toxins and the capacity of the active fragments to bind the midgut microvilli of aedes aegypti larvae. processing of cry11aa, cry4aa and cry4ba yielded double fragments of 38-30, 45-20 and 45-18 kda, respectively. competition assays showed that all active (125)i-cry toxins are able to specifically bind to brush border membrane fractions and they might share a common class of binding sites. the values of ic(50) sug ... | 2007 | 17132151 |
| caenorhabditis elegans carbohydrates in bacterial toxin resistance. | the major virulence factor produced by the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) is a pore-forming toxin called crystal (cry) toxin, which targets and kills insects and nematodes. to understand how this bacterial toxin interacts with its invertebrate hosts, a genetic screen in c. elegans for nematodes resistant to bt toxin was carried out. four of the five genes that mutated to toxin resistance encode glycosyltransferases. these genes were found to participate in the biosynthesis of c. elegans g ... | 2006 | 17132513 |
| resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxin in caenorhabditis elegans from loss of fucose. | a mutation in the caenorhabditis elegans bre-1 gene was isolated in a screen for bacillus thuringiensis toxin-resistant (bre) mutants to the cry5b crystal toxin made by b. thuringiensis. bre-1 mutant animals are different from the four other cloned bre mutants in that their level of resistance is noticeably lower. bre-1 animals also display a significantly reduced brood size at 25 degrees c. here we cloned the bre-1 gene and characterized the bre-1 mutant phenotype. bre-1 encodes a protein with ... | 2007 | 17135259 |
| use of bacillus thuringiensis toxin as an alternative method of control against haemonchus contortus. | the biocide activity of bacillus thuringiensis (b. thuringiensis) ib-16 strain was evaluated against the blood-feeding nematode haemonchus contortus (h. contortus) in vitro and in vivo assays. twenty experimental jirds (meriones unguiculatus) and 32 sheep were infected with h. contortus by oral route. fourteen days post infection 10 jirds were treated with 0.2 mg per ml of ib-16 soluble toxin by intraperitoneal (i.p.) route and 8 sheep were treated with 0.5 mg of toxin per kg of body weight by i ... | 2006 | 17135537 |
| development of a recombinant strain of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd-73 that produces the endochitinase chia74. | bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd-73 was transformed with the homologous endochitinase gene chia74 of b. thuringiensis subsp. kenyae lbit-82 under the regulation of its own promoter and shine-dalgarno sequence. the plasmid, pehchia74, which harbors chia74, was detected by southern blot analysis and showed high segregational stability when the recombinant strain was grown in a medium without antibiotic. the recombinant bacterium transformed with pehchia74 showed an improvement in chitinol ... | 2007 | 17136568 |
| [adjuvant effect of the cry1ac protoxin on cellular immunity when is coadministered with a good mucosal pathogen]. | the major part of pathogens use the mucosae to penetrate into the organisms, the idea to blockade the invasion, replication, colonization and multiplication of them results attractive not only to vaccines design, but immunopharmacs design, too. the protoxin cry1ac from bacillus thuringiensis is a recent known mucosal adjuvant. | 2006 | 17137187 |
| organic mystery. pesticide may not really be an insect killer. | 2006 | 17144343 | |
| mode of action of mosquitocidal bacillus thuringiensis toxins. | cry toxins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) are used for insect control. their primary action is to lyse midgut epithelial cells. in lepidopteran insects, cry1a monomeric toxins interact with a first receptor and this interaction triggers toxin oligomerization. the oligomeric structure interacts then with a second gpi-anchored receptor that induces insertion into membrane microdomains and larvae death. in the case of mosquitocidal bt strains, two different toxins participate, cry and cyt. these ... | 2007 | 17145072 |
| role of receptor interaction in the mode of action of insecticidal cry and cyt toxins produced by bacillus thuringiensis. | cry toxins from bacillus thuringiensis are used for insect control. their primary action is to lyse midgut epithelial cells. in this review we will summarize recent findings on the cry toxin-receptor interaction and the role of receptor recognition in their mode of action. cry toxins interact sequentially with multiple receptors. in lepidopteran insects, cry1a monomeric toxins interact with the first receptor and this interaction triggers oligomerization of the toxins. the oligomer then interact ... | 2007 | 17145116 |
| analysis of midgut proteinases from bacillus thuringiensis-susceptible and -resistant heliothis virescens (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | insects with altered proteinases can avoid intoxication by bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins. therefore, proteinase activities from gut extracts of bt-susceptible (ydk) and -resistant (yhd2-b, cxc and kcbhyb) heliothis virescens strains were compared. the overall ph of gut extracts from ydk and cxc were statistically similar (9.56 and 9.62, respectively), while the ph of extracts from kcbhyb and yhd2-b were significantly more alkaline (9.81 and 10.0, respectively). gut extracts from yhd2-b and ... | 2007 | 17145193 |
| a hybrid bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin gives resistance against a coleopteran and a lepidopteran pest in transgenic potato. | expression of bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins has proven to be a successful strategy for obtaining insect resistance in transgenic plants. drawbacks of expression of a single resistance gene are the limited target spectrum and the potential for rapid adaptation of the pest. hybrid toxins with a wider target spectrum in combination with existing toxins may be used as tool to mitigate these problems. in this study, desiree potato plants were genetically modified to resist attack by insect ... | 2003 | 17147680 |
| fees or refuges: which is better for the sustainable management of insect resistance to transgenic bt corn? | the evolution of resistance in insect pests will imperil the efficiency of transgenic insect-resistant crops. the currently advised strategy to delay resistance evolution is to plant non-toxic crops (refuges) in close proximity to plants engineered to express the toxic protein of the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt). we seek answers to the question of how to induce growers to plant non-toxic crops. a first strategy, applied in the united states, is to require bt growers to plant non-bt refu ... | 2006 | 17148361 |
| investigation of a novel bacillus thuringiensis gene encoding a parasporal protein, parasporin-4, that preferentially kills human leukemic t cells. | a novel gene encoding a leukemic cell-killing parasporal protein, designated parasporin-4, was cloned from an isolate of bacillus thuringiensis serovar shandongiensis. the amino acid sequence of the parasporin-4, as deduced from the gene sequence, had low-level homologies of <30% with the established b. thuringiensis cry proteins including the three known parasporins. when the gene was expressed in a recombinant of escherichia coli bl21(de3), the parasporin-4 formed intracellular inclusion bodie ... | 2006 | 17151476 |
| characterization of the highly variable cry gene regions of bacillus thuringiensis strain ly4a3 by pcr-sscp profiling and sequencing. | characterization of cry gene contents can help to predict the insecticidal activities of bacillus thuringiensis isolates and in the searching of new cry genes. pcr-single-strand conformation polymorphism (sscp) profiling and sequencing of the highly variable cry gene regions were used to characterize cry gene content of b. thuringiensis strain ly4a3. the highly variable regions with about 1100 bp in sizes were amplified using a degenerate primer pair for cry genes, ol2(d) and ol5(r). a library o ... | 2007 | 17151960 |
| co-expression of the mosquitocidal toxins cyt1aa and cry11aa from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis in asticcacaulis excentricus. | the cyt1aa gene from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (bti), whose product synergizes other mosquitocidal toxins, and functions as a repressor of resistance developed by mosquitoes against bacilli insecticides, was introduced into the aquatic gram-negative bacterium asticcacaulis excentricus alongside the cry11aa gene. the genes were introduced as an operon, but although mrna was detected for both genes, no cyt1aa toxin was detected. both proteins were expressed using a construct in whi ... | 2007 | 17160360 |
| a gene encoding alanine racemase is involved in spore germination in bacillus thuringiensis. | alanine racemase is a major component of the exosporium of bacillus cereus spores. a gene homologous to that of alanine racemase (alra) was cloned from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, and rt-pcr showed that alra was transcribed only in the sporulating cells. disruption of alra did not affect the growth and sporulation of b. thuringiensis, but promoted l-alanine-induced spore germination. when the spore germination rate was measured by monitoring dpa release, complementation of the alra d ... | 2007 | 17165028 |
| bt rice harbouring cry genes controlled by a constitutive or wound-inducible promoter: protection and transgene expression under mediterranean field conditions. | seven homozygous transgenic lines of two european commercial cultivars of rice (ariete (a) and senia (s)), harbouring the cry1b or cry1aa bacillus thuringiensis (bt) delta-endotoxin genes, were field evaluated for protection from striped stem borer (ssb) (chilo suppressalis) damage during the 2001 and 2002 summer crop seasons in the delta de l'ebre region, spain. the plant codon-optimized toxin gene was placed under the control of the promoter of either the constitutive ubi1 gene or the wound-in ... | 2004 | 17168888 |
| virulent spores of bacillus anthracis and other bacillus species deposited on solid surfaces have similar sensitivity to chemical decontaminants. | to compare the relative sensitivity of bacillus anthracis and spores of other bacillus spp. deposited on different solid surfaces to inactivation by liquid chemical disinfecting agents. | 2007 | 17184315 |
| diversity of colombian strains of bacillus thuringiensis with insecticidal activity against dipteran and lepidopteran insects. | to evaluate the genetic and molecular diversity and insecticidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis isolates from all the natural regions of colombia. | 2007 | 17184322 |
| bacillus thuringiensis fermentation of hydrolyzed sludge--rheology and formulation studies. | rheology of bacillus thuringiensis fermentation of hydrolyzed sludge was investigated in bench scale fermenter. stable liquid formulations were developed and optimized for two-year based studies comprising various physical/chemical (viscosity, particle size, corrosion and suspendibility) and biological (microbial contamination, viable spores and entomotoxicity) parameters at different phs and temperatures. the hydrolyzed sludge depicted non-newtonian and pseudoplastic behaviour during fermentati ... | 2007 | 17184817 |
| mechanism of resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry1ac in a greenhouse population of the cabbage looper, trichoplusia ni. | the cabbage looper, trichoplusia ni, is one of only two insect species that have evolved resistance to bacillus thuringiensis in agricultural situations. the trait of resistance to b. thuringiensis toxin cry1ac from a greenhouse-evolved resistant population of t. ni was introgressed into a highly inbred susceptible laboratory strain. the resulting introgression strain, glen-cry1ac-bcs, and its nearly isogenic susceptible strain were subjected to comparative genetic and biochemical studies to det ... | 2007 | 17189446 |
| cadherin-based resistance to bacillus thuringiensis cotton in hybrid strains of pink bollworm: fitness costs and incomplete resistance. | recessive resistance to bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., in laboratory-selected strains of pink bollworm, pectinophora gossypiella (saunders), is associated with three resistance alleles (r1, r2, and r3) of a cadherin gene. previous experiments based on measurement of fitness components in bt-resistant and bt-susceptible strains revealed that fitness costs and incomplete resistance are associated with resistance. here, we used two hybrid strains of pink bollworm, each c ... | 2006 | 17195656 |
| interactions among white spruce tannins, bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, and spruce budworm (lepidoptera: tortricidae), on larval survival, growth, and development. | the interactions among white spruce, picea glauca (moench) voss, purified acetone tannin extracts (hydrolyzable and condensed tannin), bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki cry1a(c) delta-endotoxin strain hd-73 (btk), and spruce budworm, choristoneura fumiferana (clemens) (lepidoptera: tortricidae) on larval survival, growth, and development were investigated over the whole larval feeding period by using artificial diet supplemented with three concentrations of btk toxins per milliliter of diet ... | 2006 | 17195671 |
| impact of small fitness costs on pest adaptation to crop varieties with multiple toxins: a heuristic model. | a deterministic two-locus model was used to examine how small fitness costs to individuals carrying resistance alleles could impact the risk of panmictic insect pest populations adapting to crop varieties that produced two distinct toxins. parameters examined were (1) level of toxicity of each toxin, (2) initial frequencies of alleles for adaptation to the toxins, (3) percentage of population feeding on nontoxic plants, and (4) level of fitness cost associated with adaptation to each of the two ... | 2006 | 17195678 |
| modeling the impact of alternative hosts on helicoverpa zea adaptation to bollgard cotton. | for highly polyphagous cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., pests such as helicoverpa zea (boddie), a substantial portion of the larval population develops on noncotton alternative hosts. these noncotton hosts potentially provide a natural refuge for h. zea, thereby slowing the evolution of resistance to the bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt)-derived cry1ac protein present in bollgard cotton. here, we demonstrate how the measured contribution of such alternative hosts can be included in estimating t ... | 2006 | 17195681 |
| high-level resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxin crylac and cadherin genotype in pink bollworm. | resistance to transgenic cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., producing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxin cry1ac is linked with three recessive alleles of a cadherin gene in laboratory-selected strains of pink bollworm, pectinophora gossypiella (saunders), a major cotton pest. here, we analyzed a strain (mov97-r) with a high frequency of cadherin resistance alleles, a high frequency of resistance to 10 microg of cry1ac per milliliter of diet, and an intermediate frequency of resistance to 1000 microg ... | 2006 | 17195682 |
| decreased whorl and ear damage in nine mon810 bacillus thuringiensis (bt)-transgenic corn hybrids compared with their non-bt counterparts. | we examined nine pairs of near-isogenic hybrids of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) and non-bt corn, zea mays l., at two locations in 1999 and three locations in 2000 to compare the effects of bt toxins on damage caused by helicoverpa zea (boddie) to whorl stage field corn, and ear damage at harvest, as well as yield. we found that whorl damage was less in all bt hybrids compared with their non-bt counterparts each year and at each location. differences in ear damage between bt and non-bt hybrids, ho ... | 2006 | 17195689 |
| mode of action of bacillus thuringiensis cry and cyt toxins and their potential for insect control. | bacillus thuringiensis crystal (cry) and cytolitic (cyt) protein families are a diverse group of proteins with activity against insects of different orders--lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera and also against other invertebrates such as nematodes. their primary action is to lyse midgut epithelial cells by inserting into the target membrane and forming pores. among this group of proteins, members of the 3-domain cry family are used worldwide for insect control, and their mode of action has been cha ... | 2007 | 17198720 |
| parasporin-1, a novel cytotoxic protein from bacillus thuringiensis, induces ca2+ influx and a sustained elevation of the cytoplasmic ca2+ concentration in toxin-sensitive cells. | parasporin-1 is a novel non-insecticidal inclusion protein from bacillus thuringiensis that is cytotoxic to specific mammalian cells. in this study, we investigated the effects of parasporin-1 on toxin-sensitive cell lines to elucidate the cytotoxic mechanism of parasporin-1. parasporin-1 is not a membrane pore-forming toxin as evidenced by measurements of lactate dehydrogenase release, propidium iodide penetration, and membrane potential in parasporin-1-treated cells. parasporin-1 decreased the ... | 2007 | 17204466 |
| genetic transformation of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) with insecticidal crystal protein gene using particle gun bombardment. | here, we report the establishment of an efficient particle gun bombardment mediated genetic transformation in chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) using cryiac gene of bacillus thuringiensis. explants were bombarded with recombinant plasmids engineered for the expression of cryiac transgene in plants and stable transformants regenerated in presence of benzyladenine, kinetin and kanamycin. transformation frequency showed dependence on explant type, cultivars, plasmids, helium pressure and microcarrier t ... | 2007 | 17205334 |
| permeability changes of manduca sexta midgut brush border membranes induced by oligomeric structures of different cry toxins. | the pore-formation activity of monomeric and oligomeric forms of different cry1 toxins (from cry1a to cry1g) was analyzed by monitoring ionic permeability across manduca sexta brush border membrane vesicles. the membrane vesicles were isolated from microvilli structures, showing a high enrichment of apical membrane markers and low intrinsic k(+) permeability. a fluorometric assay performed with 3,3'-dipropylthiodicarbocyanine fluorescent probe, sensitive to changes in membrane potential, was use ... | 2007 | 17206518 |
| varietal effects of eight paired lines of transgenic bt maize and near-isogenic non-bt maize on soil microbial and nematode community structure. | a glasshouse experiment was undertaken to provide baseline data on the variation between conventional maize (zea mays l.) varieties and genetically modified maize plants expressing the insecticidal bacillus thuringiensis protein (bt, cry1ab). the objective was to determine whether the variation in soil parameters under a range of conventional maize cultivars exceeded the differences between bt and non-bt maize cultivars. variations in plant growth parameters (shoot and root biomass, percentage c ... | 2007 | 17207257 |
| btm-p1 polycationic peptide biological activity and 3d-dimensional structure. | the novel btm-p1 peptide interferes with energetic processes in mitochondria; its antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria is described here. btm-p1 three-dimensional structure was determined by 1h nmr to explain its biological mechanisms and membrane activity. structural data indicated that btm-p1 can form an alpha-helix; circular dichroism analysis confirmed the peptide's propensity to behave as a typical transmembrane helix in a lipidic environment. according to ... | 2007 | 17207468 |
| insecticidal toxins from photorhabdus bacteria and their potential use in agriculture. | most of the insecticidal toxins used in agriculture come from a single bacterium bacillus thuringiensis or 'bt'. here we review our work on the array of toxins produced by photorhabdus and xenorhabdus bacteria that are symbiotic with entomopathogenic nematodes, and discuss their potential for use in agriculture as alternatives to bt. despite the fact that both photorhabdus and xenorhabdus are introduced directly into the insect blood stream by their nematode vectors, they produce a range of toxi ... | 2007 | 17207509 |
| host-plant effects the expression of resistance to bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki in trichoplusia ni (hubner): an important factor in resistance evolution. | pathogens are thought to exert strong selection on their hosts leading to increased host resistance. bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki (bkt) is a ubiquitous entomopathogen that has become the mainstay of nonchemical control of lepidopteran pests and thus, the potential exists for the evolution of resistance in targeted host insects. we have studied the expression of btk resistance in the cabbage looper, trichoplusia ni (hubner). for this generalist insect herbivore, three common host plants, tomat ... | 2007 | 17210000 |
| dimer structure of an interfacially impaired phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c. | the crystal structure of the w47a/w242a mutant of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c (pi-plc) from bacillus thuringiensis has been solved to 1.8a resolution. the w47a/w242a mutant is an interfacially challenged enzyme, and it has been proposed that one or both tryptophan side chains serve as membrane interfacial anchors (feng, j., wehbi, h., and roberts, m. f. (2002) j. biol. chem. 277, 19867-19875). the crystal structure supports this hypothesis. relative to the crystal structure of ... | 2007 | 17213187 |
| knockdown of aminopeptidase-n from helicoverpa armigera larvae and in transfected sf21 cells by rna interference reveals its functional interaction with bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal protein cry1ac. | aminopeptidase-n (apn) and cadherin proteins located at the midgut epithelium of helicoverpa armigera have been implicated as receptors for the cry1a subfamily of insecticidal proteins of bacillus thuringiensis. ligand blot analysis with heterologously expressed and purified h. armigera bt receptor with three closely related cry1a proteins tentatively identified haapn1 as an interacting ligand. however, to date there is no direct evidence of apn being a functional receptor to cry1ac in h. armige ... | 2007 | 17213205 |
| effects of industrial formulations of bacillus thuringiensis on the biology of musca domestica l. (diptera : muscidae). | the effects of two industrial formulations of bacillus thuringiensis (bactimos and vectobac) on larval and adult stages of musca domestica l. were assessed in the laboratory. biocides concentrations of 0.4% to 2% were tested on larvae, while the concentrations of 1% and 2% were tested on adults and were given to the flies in their diet. larval mortality ranged between 38% and 53% and between 55% and 71% for bactimos and vectobac respectively. pupation rates decreased from 91% in the control grou ... | 1995 | 17214205 |
| kinetics of plasmid transfer among bacillus cereus group strains within lepidopteran larvae. | the cry toxin encoding plasmid pht73 was transferred from bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki kt0 to six b. cereus group strains in three lepidopteran (spodoptera exigua, plutella xyllostella and helicoverpa armigera) larvae by conjugation. the conjugation kinetics of the plasmid was precisely studied during the larval infection using a new protocol. the infections were performed with both vegetative and sporulated strains. however, larval death only occurred when infections were made wit ... | 2007 | 17216168 |
| fusion of the genes for ahl-lactonase and s-layer protein in bacillus thuringiensis increases its ability to inhibit soft rot caused by erwinia carotovora. | two genes, ctc and ctc2, responsible for surface layer (s-layer) protein synthesis in bacillus thuringiensis ctc, were mutated and resulted in b. thuringiensis tr5. to synthesize and express the n-acyl-homoserine lactonase (ahl-lactonase) in the extracellular space of b. thuringiensis, the aiia ( 4q7 ) gene (an ahl-lactonase gene from b. thuringiensis 4q7), which confers the ability to inhibit plant soft rot disease in b. thuringiensis 4q7, was fused with the upstream sequence of the ctc gene, w ... | 2007 | 17216466 |
| identification of three zwittermicin a biosynthesis-related genes from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain ybt-1520. | zwittermicin a (zwa) is a novel, broad-spectrum linear aminopolyol antibiotic produced by some bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis. however, only part of its biosynthesis cluster has been identified and characterized from b. cereus uw85. to better understand the biosynthesis cluster of zwa, a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) library of b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain ybt-1520, a zwa-producing strain, was constructed. two bac clones, 1f8 and 5e2, were obtained by pcr, which ov ... | 2007 | 17225146 |
| method modification (2004.08) to field testing of visible powders on a variety of nonporous environmental surfaces: field study. | the ramp anthrax test cartridge for detecting bacillus anthracis was validated for use in the field for detection of b. anthracis spores in visible powder residues on 7 nonporous environmental surfaces. six teams of trained first responders and civil support personnel in class c personal protective equipment sampled visible powder residues on plastic, stainless steel, ceramic tile, wood, rubber, sealed concrete, and food-grade painted wood and analyzed the samples on the ramp anthrax test system ... | 2006 | 17225611 |
| difference between the spore sizes of bacillus anthracis and other bacillus species. | to determine the size distribution of the spores of bacillus anthracis, and compare its size with other bacillus species grown and sporulated under similar conditions. | 2007 | 17241334 |
| high level of soluble expression in escherichia coli and characterisation of the cloned bacillus thuringiensis cry4ba domain iii fragment. | similar to the other known structures of bacillus thuringiensis cry delta-endotoxins, the crystal structure of the 65-kda activated cry4ba toxin comprises three domains which are, from the n- to c-terminus, a bundle of alpha-helices, a three-beta-sheet domain, and a beta-sandwich. to investigate the properties of the c-terminal domain iii in isolation from the rest of the toxin, the cloned cry4ba-domain iii was over-expressed as a 21-kda soluble protein in escherichia coli, which cross-reacted w ... | 2007 | 17244483 |
| binding of bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry1ac to multiple sites of cadherin in pink bollworm. | toxins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) are widely used for pest control. in particular, bt toxin cry1ac produced by transgenic cotton kills some key lepidopteran pests. we found that cry1ac binds to recombinant peptides corresponding to extracellular regions of a cadherin protein (btr) in a major cotton pest, pink bollworm (pectinophora gossypiella) (pbw). in conjunction with previous results showing that pbw resistance to cry1ac is linked with mutations in the btr gene, the results reported he ... | 2007 | 17244539 |
| altered gene expression in choristoneura fumiferana and manduca sexta in response to sublethal intoxication by bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab toxin. | in order to understand how lepidopteran insects react physiologically to bacillus thuringiensis crystal toxin ingestion, transcriptional profiling of choristoneura fumiferana larvae exposed to sublethal doses of cry1ab protoxin were monitored using a c. fumiferana-specific cdna microarray derived from a protoxin-specific subtractive library. differential gene expression occurred primarily between 2 and 5 h postingestion. metabolic enzymes such as lipases and proteases were generally repressed, w ... | 2007 | 17257206 |
| of spore opsonization and passive protection against anthrax. | 2007 | 17259600 | |
| method of measuring bacillus anthracis spores in the presence of copious amounts of bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus cereus. | a sensitive and reliable method for the detection of bacillus anthracis (ba; sterne strain 7702) spores in presence of large amounts of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) and bacillus cereus (bc) is presented based on a novel pzt-anchored piezoelectric excited millimeter-sized cantilever (papemc) sensor with a sensing area of 1.5 mm2. antibody (anti-ba) specific to ba spores was immobilized on the sensing area and exposed to various samples of ba, bt, and bc containing the same concentration of ba at 3 ... | 2007 | 17263347 |
| fluorescence assay based on aptamer-quantum dot binding to bacillus thuringiensis spores. | a novel assay was developed for the detection of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) spores. the assay is based on the fluorescence observed after binding an aptamer-quantum dot conjugate to bt spores. the in vitro selection and amplification technique called selex (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) was used in order to identify the dna aptamer sequence specific for bt. the 60 base aptamer was then coupled to fluorescent zinc sulfide-capped, cadmium selenide quantum dots (qd). t ... | 2007 | 17265180 |
| structural characterisation of the insecticidal toxin xpta1, reveals a 1.15 mda tetramer with a cage-like structure. | a recently identified class of proteins conferring insecticidal activity to several bacteria within the enterobacteriaceae family have potential for control of commercially important insect pests. here, we report the first purification, biophysical characterisation and 3-d structural analysis of one of the toxin components, xpta1, from xenorhabdus nematophila pmfi296 to a resolution of 23 a. membrane binding studies indicate that the three-component toxin system has a different mode of action fr ... | 2007 | 17266984 |
| increased response to cadmium and bacillus thuringiensis maize toxicity in the snail helix aspersa infected by the nematode phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita. | to determine the effect of nematode infection on the response of snails to selected toxins, we infected helix aspersa with 0-, 0.25-, 1-, or 4-fold the recommended field dose of a commercial nematode application for agricultural use. in the first experiment, the snails also were exposed to cadmium via food and soil at concentrations of 0, 30, 60, 120, or 240 mg/kg in a full-factorial design. in the second experiment, snails were infected with nematodes and also fed either bt (expressing bacillus ... | 2007 | 17269462 |
| differential sensitivity to bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis and temephos in field mosquito populations of ochlerotatus cataphylla (diptera: culicidae): toward resistance? | in the present study, four populations of the same field mosquito species, ochlerotatus cataphylla, were sampled over the rh6ne-alpes region (france), and their respective sensitivity to the organophosphate temephos and the bacterio-insecticide bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti) was measured. the results obtained in toxicological tests showed significant differences in the larval sensitivities of the four populations for both insecticides. these differences appeared to be related to t ... | 2007 | 17269473 |
| influence of parasitism by chelonus insularis cresson (hymenoptera: braconidae) on the susceptibility of spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) to insecticides. | the egg-larval parasitoid chelonus insularis cresson is a key parasitoid of the fall armyworm spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith) during the second field generation in the upper magdalena river basin, colombia. in spite of selection pressure, the higher susceptibility of the second generation fall armyworm larvae to insecticides, compared with that of the first generation, suggests that the parasitism may be responsible for the apparent difference in susceptibility. parasitized and non-parasitiz ... | 2006 | 17273714 |
| biological activity of bacillus thuringiensis strains against larvae of the blowfly chrysomya putoria (wiedemann) (diptera: calliphoridae). | different strains of bacillus thuringiensis berliner were proved to be a powerful biologic insecticide against larvae of several insect orders. due to the epidemiological importance of blowflies of the chrysomya robineau-desvoidy genus in the production of secondary cutaneous myiasis and mechanic transmission of pathogenic agents, the performance of two strains of b. thuringiensis (lfb-fiocruz 907 and lfb-fiocruz 856) was tested against larvae of chrysomya putoria (wiedemann). the lfb-fiocruz 90 ... | 2006 | 17273719 |
| a fundamental dual regulatory role of citrate on the biosyntheses of thuringiensin and poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate in bacillus thuringiensis ybt-032. | the production of alpha-ketoglutarate, adenine, thuringiensin production rate and thuringiensin yield on glucose consumed increased by 22%, 36%, 40% and 40%, respectively, in presence of 2 g citrate/l. however, citrate decreased pyruvate production, poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (phb) production rate and phb yield by 62%, 31% and 45%, respectively. the activities of pyruvate kinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were 36%-45% lower and 50%-120% higher than those of the control, respectively. t ... | 2007 | 17279445 |
| biodegradation of cry1ab protein from bt transgenic rice in aerobic and flooded paddy soils. | degradation of cry1ab protein from bt transgenic rice was examined under both aerobic and flooded conditions in five paddy soils and in aqueous solutions. the hydrolysis rate of cry1ab protein in aqueous solutions was correlated inversely with the solution ph in the range of 4.0 to 8.0, and positively with the initial concentration of cry1ab protein. rapid degradation of cry1ab protein occurred in paddy soils under aerobic conditions, with half-lives ranging from 19.6 to 41.3 d. the degradation ... | 2007 | 17288444 |
| on-line monitoring of changes in host cell physiology during the one-step growth cycle of bacillus phage bam35. | in this study an on-line electrochemical method was developed to examine the one-step growth cycle (osgc) of the bacteriophage bam35. the on-line conditions for monitoring the osgc and the effect of aeration on the duration of the osgc were defined. the data indicate that binding of phenyldicarbaundecaborane anions to bacillus thuringiensis cells infected with bam35 can be used as a sensitive indicator of cell lysis. | 2007 | 17289190 |
| comparison of two commercial formulations of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis for the control of anopheles aquasalis (diptera: culicidae) at three salt concentrations. | anopheles aquasalis larvae are salt water tolerant, preferring concentrations between 10 and 20 parts per thousand (ppt). the larvicidal efficacy of two formulations of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (vectobac-12as and bactivec), was investigated against an. aquasalis at salinities of 0, 10, and 20 ppt. a probit analysis was used to calculate the lethal concentrations (lc50 and lc95) for each product at each salinity. the lc50 and lc95 were higher for bactivec than vectobac-12as, and fo ... | 2007 | 17294002 |
| identification of novel cry1ac binding proteins in midgut membranes from heliothis virescens using proteomic analyses. | proteins such as aminopeptidases and alkaline phosphatases, both glycosyl-phosphatidyl-inositol (gpi) anchored proteins, were previously identified as cry1ac binding proteins in the heliothis virescens midgut. to identify additional toxin binding proteins, brush border membrane vesicles from h. virescens larvae were treated with phosphatidyl inositol phospholipase c, and released proteins were resolved by two-dimensional electrophoresis. protein spots selected by their ability to bind cry1ac wer ... | 2007 | 17296494 |
| first application of a microsphere-based immunoassay to the detection of genetically modified organisms (gmos): quantification of cry1ab protein in genetically modified maize. | an innovative covalent microsphere immunoassay, based on the usage of fluorescent beads coupled to a specific antibody, was developed for the quantification of the endotoxin cry1ab present in mon810 and bt11 genetically modified (gm) maize lines. in particular, a specific protocol was developed to assess the presence of cry1ab in a very broad range of gm maize concentrations, from 0.1 to 100% [weight of genetically modified organism (gmo)/weight]. test linearity was achieved in the range of valu ... | 2007 | 17300145 |
| changes in numbers and kinds of bacteria during a chickpea submerged fermentation used as a leavening agent for bread production. | the microflora developed during a submerged fermentation of coarsely ground chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) in water (primary starter) and during raising a dough from wheat flour (adapted starter) was studied. in the fermenting liquid, only populations of bacillus and clostridium developed. bacilli increased their loads significantly (p<0.05) during fermentation for 8-12 h and then remained constant. clostridia developed (p<0.05) subsequently to levels of 10(7) cfu/ml at 18 h, when the ph of the f ... | 2007 | 17300848 |
| [domain swapping of cry1aa and cry1ca from bacillus thuringiensis influence crystal formation and toxicity]. | bacillus thuringiensis has been successfully used for agricultural pest and medical insect control with its significant benefits based on environmental and safety considerations. however, the deficiency of this pesticide, such as limited spectrum of insecticidal activity, low toxicity to the targets and the inducement of insect resistance, results in the urgent need to exploit new resources of b. thuringiensis or to modify known strains by genetic engineering. in this study, six recombinant baci ... | 2006 | 17302152 |
| particle distributional behavior of a spray-dried technical concentrate and a water-dispersible granule formulation of bacillus sphaericus in an aqueous column. | bacillus sphaericus is a bacterium that is specifically pathogenic to mosquitoes. the current study investigated the particle behavior of a spray-dried technical concentrate and a water-dispersible granule (wdg) formulation of b. sphaericus in an aqueous column. the objective was to determine the distributional behavior (minus any extraneous environmental factors) of b. sphaericus within a water column over time. studies showed a homogenous distribution of particles over a 16-h period for the te ... | 2006 | 17304942 |
| the mutation r(423)s in the bacillus thuringiensis hybrid toxin cryaac slightly increases toxicity for mamestra brassicae l. | bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac toxin is 100 times less toxic than cry1c to mamestra brassicae. an r(423)s mutation abolishes cry1ac toxin proteolysis in m. brassicae gut juice but does not increase its toxicity to this insect. the cryaac hybrid toxin (1ac/1ac/1ca) is toxic to m. brassicae but is susceptible to gut protease digestion at the r(423) residue. accordingly we have investigated the effect of the r(423)s mutation in cryaac on its toxicity for m. brassicae and pieris brassicae. bioassays ... | 2007 | 17306294 |
| a novel bacillus thuringiensis strain llb6, isolated from bryophytes, and its new cry2ac-type gene. | to isolate and characterize the novel bacillus thuringiensis strains from bryophytes collected from wuyi mountain, fujian province of china, and identify new b. thuringiensis strains and toxins active against mosquitoes. | 2007 | 17309508 |
| a novel cryptic plasmid pbmb175 from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis ybt-1765. | a new cryptic plasmid pbmb175 from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis ybt-1765 was isolated and characterized. sequence analysis showed that pbmb175 (14,841 bp and 31% gc content) contained at least eighteen putative open reading frames (orfs), among which nine orfs displayed the homology with the hypothetical proteins in rolling-circle replication plasmid pgi3. deletion analysis revealed that the pbmb175 minireplicon located in a novel 1,151 bp fragment. this fragment contains orf7 codin ... | 2007 | 17310366 |
| interference of quorum sensing and virulence of the rice pathogen burkholderia glumae by an engineered endophytic bacterium. | many bacterial species are known to thrive within plants. among these bacteria, a group referred to as endophytes provide beneficial effects to the host plants by the promotion of plant growth and the suppression of plant pathogens. among 44 putative endophytic isolates isolated from surface-sterilized rice roots, burkholderia sp. kj006 was selected for further study because of a lack of pathogenicity to rice, a broad spectrum of antifungal properties, and the presence of the nifh gene, which is ... | 2007 | 17313662 |
| the role of caenorhabditis elegans insulin-like signaling in the behavioral avoidance of pathogenic bacillus thuringiensis. | pathogens cause damage, and their elimination requires activation of the costly immune response. a highly economic defense strategy should thus be the behavioral avoidance of pathogens, as manifested in humans by all aspects of hygiene or revulsion at pathogen-rich material. despite its potential importance, behavioral defenses have as yet received only little attention in biomedical research--in stark contrast to the physiological immune system. in the present study, the genetics of such behavi ... | 2007 | 17314144 |
| safety assessment of transgenic bacillus thuringiensis with vip insecticidal protein gene by feeding studies. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicology safety of a genetically modified (gm) bacillus thuringiensis with vegetative insecticidal protein (vip) gene. acute and subacute toxicity studies by using its powder preparation were conducted in wistar rats. the result of the acute study showed the no-observable-adverse-effect level (noael) of this gm b. thuringiensis powder preparation was greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight (bw). in the subacute study, the data analysis of body weight gain, ... | 2007 | 17320261 |
| removal of nickel from aqueous solution by the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis. | the biosorption of the toxic metal (nickel) from aqueous solutions on dried vegetative cell and spore-crystal mixture of bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis was tested under laboratory conditions as a function of ph, initial metal ion concentration and temperature. the characteristics of the adsorption process were investigated using scatchard analysis. scatchard analysis of the equilibrium binding data for metal ions on vegetative cell and spore-crystal mixture of b. thuringiensis gave ri ... | 2007 | 17320284 |
| decolorisation and detoxification of direct blue-15 by a bacterial consortium. | studies were carried out on decolorisation and biotransformation of the dye direct blue-15 into 3,3'-dimethoxybenzidine (o'-dianisidine) and a sulphonated derivative by a five-member bacterial consortium. chromatographic studies revealed further complete biodegradation of 3,3'-dimethoxybenzidine coupled with release of ammonia, but the recalcitrant sulphonated derivative persisted. the microorganisms identified in the mixed consortium by 16s rdna sequence analysis were alcaligenes faecalis, sphi ... | 2007 | 17321737 |
| propagating the missing bacteriophages: a large bacteriophage in a new class. | the number of successful propagations/isolations of soil-borne bacteriophages is small in comparison to the number of bacteriophages observed by microscopy (great plaque count anomaly). as one resolution of the great plaque count anomaly, we use propagation in ultra-dilute agarose gels to isolate a bacillus thuringiensis bacteriophage with a large head (95 nm in diameter), tail (486 x 26 nm), corkscrew-like tail fibers (187 x 10 nm) and genome (221 kb) that cannot be detected by the usual proced ... | 2007 | 17324288 |
| subchronic feeding study of das-59122-7 maize grain in sprague-dawley rats. | 59122 is a transgenic maize line containing event das-59122-7 that expresses the corn rootworm (crw) specific pesticidal cry34ab1 and cry35ab1 proteins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) berliner strain ps149b1 and the phosphinothricin-n-acetyltransferase (pat) protein from streptomyces viridochromogenes for tolerance to the herbicidal ingredient glufosinate-ammonium. for the current study, 59122 maize grain, non-transgenic near-isogenic maize grain (091), and a commercially available non-transgen ... | 2007 | 17329002 |
| characterization of directly transformed weedy brassica rapa and introgressed b. rapa with bt cry1ac and gfp genes. | crop to weed transgene flow, which could result in more competitive weed populations, is an agricultural biosafety concern. crop brassica napus to weedy brassica rapa hybridization has been extensively characterized to better understand the transgene flow and its consequences. in this study, weedy accessions of b. rapa were transformed with bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry1ac- and green fluorescence protein (gfp)-coding transgenes using agrobacterium to assess ecological performance of the wild b ... | 2007 | 17333014 |
| toxicological evaluation of genetically modified cotton (bollgard) and dipel wp on the non-target soil mite scheloribates praeincisus (acari: oribatida). | insecticides derived from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) and plants genetically modified (gm) to express b. thuringiensis toxins are important alternatives for insect pest control worldwide. risk assessment of b. thuringiensis toxins to non-target organisms has been extensively studied but few toxicological tests have considered soil invertebrates. oribatid mites are one of the most diverse and abundant arthropod groups in the upper layers of soil and litter in natural and agricultura ... | 2007 | 17334814 |
| cloning and identification of a gene encoding spore cortex-lytic enzyme in bacillus thuringiensis. | spore cortex-lytic enzymes are essential for germination in bacilli. a gene-encoding spore cortex-lytic enzyme designated sleb was cloned from bacillus thuringiensis. disruption of sleb did not affect vegetative growth of b. thuringiensis, but the fall in optical density at 600 nm in the mutant spores was much slower than in the wild type strain during spore germination induced by l-alanine. moreover, the mutant spores did not become completely dark, as compared with the wild type strain. these ... | 2007 | 17334843 |
| cloning and characterization of a novel crystal protein from a native bacillus thuringiensis isolate highly active against aedes aegypti. | we characterized a novel bacillus thuringiensis isolate native to argentina (fcc 41) that exhibits a mosquitocidal activity higher than the reference b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. this isolate shows a rounded crystal harboring two major proteins of about 70-80 kda. moreover, we cloned and sequenced the encoding gene of one of the crystal proteins (cry) consisting of an open reading frame of 2061 pb that encodes a protein of 687 amino acid residues. the deduced amino acid sequence has a pr ... | 2007 | 17334846 |
| quantification of magnetic susceptibility in several strains of bacillus spores: implications for separation and detection. | three strains of bacillus: bacillus atrophaeus (formally bacillus globigii), bacillus thuringiensis, and bacillus cereus were tested for their intrinsic magnetic susceptibility. all three strains when sporulated demonstrated significant magnetic susceptibility using an instrument referred to as cell tracking velocimetry. energy dispersive spectroscopy also confirmed the presence of paramagnetic elements, fe and mn, in the spore form of the bacteria. it was demonstrated that this magnetic suscept ... | 2007 | 17335063 |
| proteolytic processing of native cry1ab toxin by midgut extracts and purified trypsins from the mediterranean corn borer sesamia nonagrioides. | the proteolytic processing of native cry1ab toxin by midgut extracts from the mediterranean corn borer, sesamia nonagrioides, takes place in successive steps. several cuts occur until a 74 kda protein is obtained; this is further digested to give rise to an active form of 69 kda, which can be again processed to fragments of 67, 66 and 43 kda. we have shown that three different trypsins (ti, tiia and tiii) purified from the s. nonagrioides midgut were able to digest cry1ab protoxin to obtain the ... | 2007 | 17336999 |
| large scale production of bacillus thuringiensis ps149b1 insecticidal proteins cry34ab1 and cry35ab1 from pseudomonas fluorescens. | the 14kda (cry34ab1) and 44kda (cry35ab1) binary insecticidal proteins are produced naturally by bacillus thuringiensis ps149b1 as parasporal inclusion bodies. here, we show production of these two insecticidal proteins in recombinant pseudomonas fluorescens and their subsequent purification to near homogeneity to provide large quantities of protein for safety-assessment studies associated with the registration of transgenic corn plants. the gene sequence specific for each protein was expressed ... | 2007 | 17337206 |
| the complete genome sequence of bacillus thuringiensis al hakam. | bacillus thuringiensis is an insect pathogen that is widely used as a biopesticide (e. schnepf, n. crickmore, j. van rie, d. lereclus, j. baum, j. feitelson, d. r. zeigler, and d. h. dean, microbiol. mol. biol. rev. 62:775-806, 1998). here we report the finished, annotated genome sequence of b. thuringiensis al hakam, which was collected in iraq by the united nations special commission (l. radnedge, p. agron, k. hill, p. jackson, l. ticknor, p. keim, and g. andersen, appl. environ. microbiol. 69 ... | 2007 | 17337577 |
| pyramiding of insecticidal compounds for control of the cowpea bruchid (callosobruchus maculatus f.). | the cowpea bruchid (callosobruchus maculatus f.) (chrysomelidae: bruchini) is a major pest of stored cowpea grain. with limited available technologies for controlling the bruchid, transgenic cowpeas with bruchid resistance genes engineered into them could become the next management tools. an investigation was made of two different sets of potential transgenic insecticidal compounds using an artificial seed system: (i) cip-ph-bt-j and recombinant egg white avidin, and (ii) avidin and wheat alpha- ... | 2007 | 17340671 |
| longer resistance of some dna traits from bt176 maize to gastric juice from gastrointestinal affected patients. | the presence of antibiotic resistance marker genes in genetically engineered plants is one of the most controversial issues related to genetically modified organism (gmo)-containing food, raising concern about the possibility that these markers could increase the pool of antibiotic resistance genes. this study investigates the in vitro survival of genes bla and cryia(b) of maize bt176 in human gastric juice samples. five samples of gastric juice were collected from patients affected by gastro-es ... | 2007 | 17346434 |