Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| antiviral efficacy and mechanisms of action of oregano essential oil and its primary component carvacrol against murine norovirus. | to investigate the antiviral efficacy of oregano oil and its primary active component, carvacrol, against the nonenveloped murine norovirus (mnv), a human norovirus surrogate. | 2014 | 24779581 |
| murine norovirus: propagation, quantification, and genetic manipulation. | murine norovirus (mnv) is a positive-sense, plus-stranded rna virus in the caliciviridae family. it is the most common pathogen in biomedical research colonies. mnv is also related to the human noroviruses, which cause the majority of nonbacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. like the human noroviruses, mnv is an enteric virus that replicates in the intestine and is transmitted by the fecal-oral route. mnv replicates in murine macrophages and dendritic cells in cells in culture and in the murine h ... | 2014 | 24789596 |
| wipes coated with a singlet-oxygen-producing photosensitizer are effective against human influenza virus but not against norovirus. | transmission of enteric and respiratory viruses, including human norovirus (hnov) and human influenza virus, may involve surfaces. in food preparation and health care settings, surfaces are cleaned with wipes; however, wiping may not efficiently reduce contamination or may even spread viruses, increasing a potential public health risk. the virucidal properties of wipes with a singlet-oxygen-generating immobilized photosensitizer (ips) coating were compared to those of similar but uncoated wipes ... | 2014 | 24814795 |
| using reduced personal protective equipment in an endemically infected mouse colony. | personal protective equipment (ppe) frequently is used to reduce the risk of spreading adventitial diseases in rodent colonies. the ppe worn often reflects the historic practices of the research institution rather than published performance data. standard ppe for a rodent facility typically consists of a disposable hair bonnet, gown, face mask, shoe covers, and gloves, which are donned on facility entry and removed on exiting. this study evaluated the effect of a reduced ppe protocol on disease ... | 2014 | 24827569 |
| relative abundance and treatment reduction of viruses during wastewater treatment processes--identification of potential viral indicators. | waterborne pathogenic viruses discharged from wastewater treatment plants (wwtps) pose potential public health risks. in the present study, we investigated the relative abundance, occurrence, and reduction of eleven different viruses at two wwtps in southern arizona over a 12-month period, from august 2011 to july 2012. influent and effluent samples from the two wwtps were collected monthly. viruses were concentrated using an electronegative filter method and quantified using taqman-based quanti ... | 2014 | 24836386 |
| a broadly reactive one-step sybr green i real-time rt-pcr assay for rapid detection of murine norovirus. | a one-step sybr green i real-time rt-pcr assay was developed for the detection and quantification of a broad range of murine noroviruses (mnvs). the primer design was based on the multiple sequence alignments of 101 sequences of the open reading frame (orf)1-orf2 junction of mnv. the broad reactivity and quantitative capacity of the assay were validated using 7 mnv plasmids. the assay was completed within 1 h, and the reliable detection limit was 10 copies of mnv plasmid or 0.063 median tissue c ... | 2014 | 24847970 |
| mnv primarily surveillance by a recombination vp1-derived elisa in beijing area in china. | murine norovirus (mnv) was first found as a surrogate for human norovirus study. however, mnv infection was mostly prevalent in laboratory mice, and its immunomodulatory properties may affect the outcome of animal experiments. mnv surveillance had been performed in europe, north america and some other countries, but not in china. nowadays, the complete mnv virions had been used as antigen in mnv serological detection. however, the complexity in the preparation of virions might affect the antigen ... | 2014 | 24857757 |
| the enterovirus protease inhibitor rupintrivir exerts cross-genotypic anti-norovirus activity and clears cells from the norovirus replicon. | potent and safe inhibitors of norovirus replication are needed for the treatment and prophylaxis of norovirus infections. we here report that the in vitro anti-norovirus activity of the protease inhibitor rupintrivir is extended to murine noroviruses and that rupintrivir clears human cells from their norwalk replicon after only two passages of antiviral pressure. in addition, we demonstrate that rupintrivir inhibits the human norovirus (genogroup ii [gii]) protease and further explain the inhibi ... | 2014 | 24890597 |
| norovirus: targets and tools in antiviral drug discovery. | the development of antiviral strategies to treat or prevent norovirus infections is a pressing matter. noroviruses are the number 1 cause of acute gastroenteritis, of foodborne illness, of sporadic gastroenteritis in all age groups and of severe acute gastroenteritis in children less than 5 years old seeking medical assistance [usa/cdc]. in developing countries, noroviruses are linked to significant mortality (~200,000 children <5 years old). noroviruses are a major culprit for the closure of ho ... | 2014 | 24893351 |
| newly isolated mabs broaden the neutralizing epitope in murine norovirus. | here, we report the isolation and functional characterization of mabs against two murine norovirus (mnv) strains, mnv-1 and wu20, which were isolated following oral infection of mice. the mabs were screened for reactivity against the respective homologous and heterologous mnv strain by elisa. selected mabs were of iga, igg1, igg2a or igg2b isotype and showed a range of western blot reactivities from non-binding to strong binding, suggesting recognition of conformational and linear epitopes. some ... | 2014 | 24899153 |
| isg15 functions as an interferon-mediated antiviral effector early in the murine norovirus life cycle. | human noroviruses (hunov) are the leading cause of nonbacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. similar to hunov, murine noroviruses (mnv) are enteric pathogens spread via the fecal-oral route and have been isolated from numerous mouse facilities worldwide. type i and type ii interferons (ifn) restrict mnv-1 replication; however, the antiviral effectors impacting mnv-1 downstream of ifn signaling are largely unknown. studies using dendritic cells, macrophages, and mice deficient in free and conjugate ... | 2014 | 24899198 |
| mechanisms of antiviral action of plant antimicrobials against murine norovirus. | numerous plant compounds have antibacterial or antiviral properties; however, limited research has been conducted with nonenveloped viruses. the efficacies of allspice oil, lemongrass oil, and citral were evaluated against the nonenveloped murine norovirus (mnv), a human norovirus surrogate. the antiviral mechanisms of action were also examined using an rnase i protection assay, a host cell binding assay, and transmission electron microscopy. all three antimicrobials produced significant reducti ... | 2014 | 24907316 |
| observation of inflammatory responses in mice orally fed with bacteriophage t7. | analysis of inflammatory immune response upon bacteriophage intake in mice. | 2014 | 24916438 |
| survival of norovirus surrogate on various food-contact surfaces. | norovirus (nov) is an environmental threat to humans, which spreads easily from one infected person to another, causing foodborne and waterborne diseases. therefore, precautions against nov infection are important in the preparation of food. the aim of this study was to investigate the survival of murine norovirus (mnv), as a nov surrogate, on six different food-contact surfaces: ceramic, wood, rubber, glass, stainless steel, and plastic. we inoculated 10(5) pfu of mnv onto the six different sur ... | 2014 | 24919545 |
| strategies to enhance high pressure inactivation of murine norovirus in strawberry puree and on strawberries. | due to the increasing concern of viral infection related to berries, this study investigated strategies to enhance high hydrostatic pressure (hhp) inactivation of murine norovirus 1 (mnv-1), a human norovirus (hunov) surrogate, on strawberries and in strawberry puree. strawberry puree was inoculated with ~10(6)pfu/g of mnv-1 and treated at 350 mpa for 2 min at initial sample temperatures of 0, 5, 10 and 20°c. mnv-1 became more sensitive to hhp as initial sample temperature decreased from 20 to 0 ... | 2014 | 24927397 |
| a comparison of the thermal inactivation kinetics of human norovirus surrogates and hepatitis a virus in buffered cell culture medium. | human noroviruses and hepatitis a virus (hav) are considered as epidemiologically significant causes of foodborne disease. therefore, studies are needed to bridge existing data gaps and determine appropriate parameters for thermal inactivation of human noroviruses and hav. the objectives of this research were to compare the thermal inactivation kinetics of human norovirus surrogates (murine norovirus (mnv-1), and feline calicivirus (fcv-f9)) and hav in buffered medium (2-ml vials), compare first ... | 2014 | 24929739 |
| norovirus transmission between hands, gloves, utensils, and fresh produce during simulated food handling. | human noroviruses (hunovs), a leading cause of food-borne gastroenteritis worldwide, are easily transferred via ready-to-eat (rte) foods, often prepared by infected food handlers. in this study, the transmission of hunov and murine norovirus (munov) from virus-contaminated hands to latex gloves during gloving, as well as from virus-contaminated donor surfaces to recipient surfaces after simulated preparation of cucumber sandwiches, was inspected. virus transfer was investigated by swabbing with ... | 2014 | 24951789 |
| genogroup iv and vi canine noroviruses interact with histo-blood group antigens. | human noroviruses (hunv) are a significant cause of viral gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. hunv attaches to cell surface carbohydrate structures known as histo-blood group antigens (hbgas) prior to internalization, and hbga polymorphism among human populations is closely linked to susceptibility to hunv. noroviruses are divided into 6 genogroups, with human strains grouped into genogroups i (gi), ii, and iv. canine norovirus (cnv) is a recently discovered pathogen in dogs, with strains class ... | 2014 | 25008923 |
| comprehensive comparison of cultivable norovirus surrogates in response to different inactivation and disinfection treatments. | human norovirus is the leading cause of epidemic and sporadic acute gastroenteritis. since no cell culture method for human norovirus exists, cultivable surrogate viruses (csv), including feline calicivirus (fcv), murine norovirus (mnv), porcine enteric calicivirus (pec), and tulane virus (tuv), have been used to study responses to inactivation and disinfection methods. we compared the levels of reduction in infectivities of csv and aichi virus (aiv) after exposure to extreme phs, 56°c heating, ... | 2014 | 25015883 |
| effectiveness of calcium hypochlorite on viral and bacterial contamination of alfalfa seeds. | alfalfa sprouts have been involved in numerous foodborne outbreaks, which has increased the awareness for seed and sprout safety. this study compared the effectiveness of calcium hypochlorite (ca(ocl)2) on the inactivation of bacteria and viruses on alfalfa seeds and in the presence of a simulated organic load. alfalfa seeds were inoculated with human norovirus (hunov) genogroup ii (gii), murine norovirus (mnv), tulane virus (tv), escherichia coli o104:h4, and salmonella enterica serovar agona. ... | 2014 | 25055022 |
| inactivation of murine norovirus and feline calicivirus during oyster fermentation. | fermented seafood is popular in asian countries. this study examined the survival of feline calicivirus (fcv) and murine norovirus (mnv) during oyster fermentation. oysters spiked with fcv and mnv were fermented with 5% or 10% salt at 18 °c for 15 days, and mnv and fcv titers, lactic acid bacteria (lab) populations, ph, and enzymatic activity were measured at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 15 days post-fermentation (dpf). reductions in mnv and fcv were greater in 5% nacl-supplemented oysters than in 10% ... | 2014 | 25084649 |
| small molecule deubiquitinase inhibitors promote macrophage anti-infective capacity. | the global spread of anti-microbial resistance requires urgent attention, and diverse alternative strategies have been suggested to address this public health concern. host-directed immunomodulatory therapies represent one approach that could reduce selection for resistant bacterial strains. recently, the small molecule deubiquitinase inhibitor wp1130 was reported as a potential anti-infective drug against important human food-borne pathogens, notably listeria monocytogenes and noroviruses. util ... | 2014 | 25093325 |
| application of long-range and binding reverse transcription-quantitative pcr to indicate the viral integrities of noroviruses. | this study intends to establish and apply methods evaluating both viral capsid and genome integrities of human noroviruses (novs), which thus far remain nonculturable. murine norovirus 1 (mnv-1) and human nov gii.4 in phosphate-buffered saline suspensions were treated with heat, uv light, or ethanol and detected by reverse transcription-quantitative pcr (rt-qpcr), long-range rt-qpcr, binding rt-qpcr, and binding long-range rt-qpcr. for mnv-1 heated at 60°c for 2 and 30 min, limited reductions of ... | 2014 | 25107982 |
| endosomal acidification and cathepsin l activity is required for calicivirus replication. | the role of cellular proteases and endosome maturation in the entry of caliciviruses including porcine enteric calicivirus (pec), murine norovirus (mnv)-1 and feline calicivirus (fcv) were investigated. treatment with chloroquine or cathepsin l inhibitors, but not cathepsin b inhibitors, significantly reduced the replication of pec, mnv and fcv. when concentrated pec, mnv or fcv were incubated with recombinant cathepsin l, the minor capsid protein vp2 of pec and the major capsid protein vp1 of m ... | 2014 | 25108379 |
| lactoferrin for prevention of common viral infections. | although lactoferrin has many biological functions, the host-protective effects against pathogenic microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, and viruses are regarded as one of the most important. here, we review research on the protective role of lactoferrin administration against common viral infections. many studies have shown the in vitro antiviral activity of lactoferrin against viral pathogens that cause common infections such as the common cold, influenza, gastroenteritis, summer cold, and ... | 2014 | 25182867 |
| absolute humidity influences the seasonal persistence and infectivity of human norovirus. | norovirus (nov) is one of the main causative agents of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. in temperate climates, outbreaks peak during the winter season. the mechanism by which climatic factors influence the occurrence of nov outbreaks is unknown. we hypothesized that humidity is linked to nov seasonality. human nov is not cultivatable, so we used cultivatable murine norovirus (mnv) as a surrogate to study its persistence when exposed to various levels of relative humidity (rh) from low (10% rh) t ... | 2014 | 25217015 |
| fluorinated tio₂ as an ambient light-activated virucidal surface coating material for the control of human norovirus. | we evaluated the virucidal efficacy of light-activated fluorinated tio₂ surface coatings on human norovirus and several surrogates (bacteriophage ms2, feline calcivirus (fcv), and murine norovirus (mnv)). inactivation of viruses on surfaces exposed to a common fluorescent lamp was monitored and the effects of uva intensity, temperature, and fluoride content were assessed. destruction of rna and capsid oxidation were evaluated for human norovirus inocula on the f-tio₂ surfaces, while contact with ... | 2014 | 25222145 |
| prophylactic treatment with the nucleoside analogue 2'-c-methylcytidine completely prevents transmission of norovirus. | norovirus outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis are highly prevalent, extensive and can disturb the functioning of health institutions, leading to the closure of hospital wards and causing life-threatening infections in long-term care facilities. there is no vaccine available; hence there is a pressing need for antivirals for the treatment (in immunodeficient patients) and prophylaxis of norovirus infections. we explored in a mouse model whether an inhibitor of norovirus replication can prevent/red ... | 2015 | 25228588 |
| microfluidic quantitative pcr for simultaneous quantification of multiple viruses in environmental water samples. | to secure food and water safety, quantitative information on multiple pathogens is important. in this study, we developed a microfluidic quantitative pcr (mfqpcr) system to simultaneously quantify 11 major human viral pathogens, including adenovirus, aichi virus, astrovirus, enterovirus, human norovirus, rotavirus, sapovirus, and hepatitis a and e viruses. murine norovirus and mengovirus were also quantified in our mfqpcr system as a sample processing control and an internal amplification contro ... | 2014 | 25261510 |
| [isolation, identification and genetic analysis of a murine norovirus strain]. | murine norovirus (mnv) was first discovered in mice in 2003. mnv is a member of the genus norovirus in the family caliciviridae. it is one of the most important and prevalent pathogens of laboratory mice, and almost all mouse strains are susceptible to mnv infection. in this study, a mnv strain was isolated from the cecal contents of infected mice and identified by the cytopathic effect (cpe) assay, virus plaque assay, 50% tissue culture infectious dose (tcid50) assay, electron microscopy, indir ... | 2014 | 25272587 |
| structure-based design and functional studies of novel noroviral 3c protease chimaeras offer insights into substrate specificity. | the norovirus ns6 protease is a key target for anti-viral drug development. noroviruses encode a 2200 amino acid polyprotein which is cleaved by this critical protease at five defined boundary substrates into six mature non-structural (ns) proteins. studies of the human norovirus (hnv) ns6 protease, in the context of a full orf1 polyprotein, have been severely hampered because hnvs are not culturable. thus, investigations into the hnv ns6 protease have been largely restricted to in vitro assays ... | 2014 | 25275273 |
| infection with murine norovirus 4 does not alter helicobacter-induced inflammatory bowel disease in il10(-/-) mice. | infection of laboratory mice with murine noroviruses (mnv) is widely prevalent. mnv alters various mouse models of disease, including the helicobacter bilis-induced mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) in mdr1a(--) mice. to further characterize the effect of mnv on ibd, we used mice deficient in the immunoregulatory cytokine il10 (il10(-/-) mice). in vitro infection of il10(-/-) bone marrow-derived macrophages (bmdm) with mnv4 cocultured with h. bilis antigens increased the gene expre ... | 2014 | 25296012 |
| the effect of carvacrol on enteric viruses. | carvacrol, a monoterpenic phenol, is said to have extensive antimicrobial activity in a wide range of food spoilage or pathogenic fungi, yeast and bacteria. the aim of this study was to assess its antiviral activity on norovirus surrogates, feline calicivirus (fcv), murine norovirus (mnv), and hepatitis a virus (hav), as well as its potential in food applications. initially, different concentrations of carvacrol (0.25, 0.5, 1%) were individually mixed with each virus at titers of ca. 6-7 log tci ... | 2015 | 25310265 |
| concentration of enteric viruses in large volumes of water using a cartridge-type mixed cellulose ester membrane. | a viral adsorption-elution method using a flat/disk-type electronegative membrane (diameter of 47-90 mm) has been widely utilized to concentrate viruses in relatively small volumes of water (up to 10 l) due to limited filtration area. in the present study, we aimed to develop a virus concentration method that is based on the same principle and yet allows concentration of large volumes of water using a cartridge-type electronegative membrane. we modified two electronegative membrane-based methods ... | 2015 | 25326201 |
| evaluation of the porcine gastric mucin binding assay for high-pressure-inactivation studies using murine norovirus and tulane virus. | we compared the results of high-hydrostatic-pressure (hhp) inactivation of murine norovirus type 1 (mnv-1) and tulane virus (tv) obtained by a porcine gastric mucin binding assay followed by quantitative reverse transcription-pcr (referred to here as the pgm-mb/pcr assay) and a plaque assay and evaluated hhp inactivation of a human norovirus (hunov) genogroup i genotype 1 (gi.1) strain and a hunov gii.4 strain by using the pgm-mb/pcr assay. viruses were treated at different pressure levels for 2 ... | 2015 | 25362063 |
| the murine norovirus core subgenomic rna promoter consists of a stable stem-loop that can direct accurate initiation of rna synthesis. | all members of the caliciviridae family of viruses produce a subgenomic rna during infection. the subgenomic rna typically encodes only the major and minor capsid proteins, but in murine norovirus (mnv), the subgenomic rna also encodes the vf1 protein, which functions to suppress host innate immune responses. to date, the mechanism of norovirus subgenomic rna synthesis has not been characterized. we have previously described the presence of an evolutionarily conserved rna stem-loop structure on ... | 2015 | 25392209 |
| autophagy and checkpoints for intracellular pathogen defense. | autophagy plays a crucial role in intracellular defense against various pathogens. xenophagy is a form of selective autophagy that targets intracellular pathogens for degradation. in addition, several related, yet distinct, intracellular defense responses depend on autophagy-related genes. this review gives an overview of these processes, pathogen strategies to subvert them, and their crosstalk with various cell death programs. | 0 | 25394238 |
| norovirus and rotavirus survival in urine collected from a public ecological sanitation system in ouagadougou, burkina faso. | urine from urine-diversion toilets (udts) is routinely used as fertilizer for urban agriculture in ouagadougou, burkina faso. because urine from udts can be accidentally spoiled by feces, we determined whether virulent enteric viruses could persist in urine that is used for agricultural purposes and pose a threat to human health. urine samples (n = 60) were first collected from 42 udts during the months of january and february 2012 in ouagadougou and screened negative for the presence of norovir ... | 2015 | 25408534 |
| an enteric virus can replace the beneficial function of commensal bacteria. | intestinal microbial communities have profound effects on host physiology. whereas the symbiotic contribution of commensal bacteria is well established, the role of eukaryotic viruses that are present in the gastrointestinal tract under homeostatic conditions is undefined. here we demonstrate that a common enteric rna virus can replace the beneficial function of commensal bacteria in the intestine. murine norovirus (mnv) infection of germ-free or antibiotic-treated mice restored intestinal morph ... | 2014 | 25409145 |
| study of the virucidal potential of organic peroxyacids against norovirus on food-contact surfaces. | this study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of four different peroxyacids, namely peracetic (paa), perpropionic (ppa), perlactic (pla), and percitric (pca) for inactivating viruses in suspension or attached to stainless steel or polyvinyl chloride surfaces. the test virus was a proxy for human norovirus, namely murine norovirus 1. plaque-forming units in suspension (10(7) per ml) were treated with 50-1,000 mg l(-1) peroxyacid (equilibrium mixture of organic acid, hydrogen peroxide, peroxya ... | 2015 | 25416069 |
| interferon-λ cures persistent murine norovirus infection in the absence of adaptive immunity. | norovirus gastroenteritis is a major public health burden worldwide. although fecal shedding is important for transmission of enteric viruses, little is known about the immune factors that restrict persistent enteric infection. we report here that although the cytokines interferon-α (ifn-α) and ifn-β prevented the systemic spread of murine norovirus (mnov), only ifn-λ controlled persistent enteric infection. infection-dependent induction of ifn-λ was governed by the mnov capsid protein and corre ... | 2015 | 25431489 |
| commensal microbes and interferon-λ determine persistence of enteric murine norovirus infection. | the capacity of human norovirus (nov), which causes >90% of global epidemic nonbacterial gastroenteritis, to infect a subset of people persistently may contribute to its spread. how such enteric viruses establish persistent infections is not well understood. we found that antibiotics prevented persistent murine norovirus (mnov) infection, an effect that was reversed by replenishment of the bacterial microbiota. antibiotics did not prevent tissue infection or affect systemic viral replication but ... | 2015 | 25431490 |
| the microfluidic chip module for the detection of murine norovirus in oysters using charge switchable micro-bead beating. | sample preparation has recently been an issue in the detection of food poisoning pathogens, particularly viruses such as norovirus (nov), in food because of the complexity of foods and raw fresh materials. here, we demonstrate a total analytical microfluidic chip module to automatically perform a series of essential processes (cell concentration, lysis (rna extraction), nucleic acid amplification, and detection) for the fast but sensitive detection of norovirus in oysters. the murine nov spiked ... | 2015 | 25449875 |
| inactivation of murine norovirus on a range of copper alloy surfaces is accompanied by loss of capsid integrity. | norovirus is one of the most common causes of acute viral gastroenteritis. the virus is spread via the fecal-oral route, most commonly from infected food and water, but several outbreaks have originated from contamination of surfaces with infectious virus. in this study, a close surrogate of human norovirus causing gastrointestinal disease in mice, murine norovirus type 1 (mnv-1), retained infectivity for more than 2 weeks following contact with a range of surface materials, including teflon (po ... | 2015 | 25452290 |
| survival of porcine teschovirus as a surrogate virus on pork chops during storage at 2°c. | due to the lack of an efficient cultivation system, little is known about the stability and inactivation of hepatitis e virus (hev). in addition, there is a lack of information on which cultivable virus(es) are suitable as model or surrogate viruses for hev. murine norovirus (mnv) and f-rna coliphage ms2 are potential surrogates and f-rna coliphages are a potential indicator for enteric viruses. however, the numbers of f-rna coliphages excreted by swine are relatively low. in contrast, porcine t ... | 2015 | 25461604 |
| detection of hepatitis e virus in pork liver sausages. | hepatitis e infection is regarded as an emerging public-health concern. the disease is normally self-limiting (mortality rate 1%), but chronic infections have recently been observed in transplanted patients. the etiological agent hev is a small rna virus infecting both humans and animals. in humans, the disease may be food-borne and pig is a main reservoir for zoonotic strains. in the present study, we evaluated the presence of hev and swine fecal cross-contamination in pork liver sausages sold ... | 2015 | 25462920 |
| development of lactobacillus paracasei harboring nucleic acid-hydrolyzing 3d8 scfv as a preventive probiotic against murine norovirus infection. | the protein 3d8 single-chain variable fragment (3d8 scfv) has potential anti-viral activity due to its ability to penetrate into cells and hydrolyze nucleic acids. probiotic lactobacillus paracasei engineered to secrete 3d8 scfv for oral administration was used to test the anti-viral effects of 3d8 scfv against gastrointestinal virus infections. we found that injection of 3d8 scfv into the intestinal lumen resulted in the penetration of 3d8 scfv into the intestinal villi and lamina propria. 3d8 ... | 2015 | 25487889 |
| rhesus enteric calicivirus surrogate model for human norovirus gastroenteritis. | human noroviruses are one of the major causes of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. due to the lack of an efficient human norovirus cell culture system coupled with an animal model, human norovirus research mainly relies on human volunteer studies and surrogate models. current models either utilize human norovirus-infected animals including the gnotobiotic pig or calf and the chimpanzee models, or employ other members of the family caliciviridae including cell culture propagable surrogate calicivi ... | 2015 | 25502652 |
| microbiological survey of mice (mus musculus) purchased from commercial pet shops in kanagawa and tokyo, japan. | information regarding the prevalence of infectious agents in mice in pet shops in japan is scarce. this information is particularly useful for minimizing the risk of potential transmission of infections to laboratory mice. therefore, we surveyed infectious agents in mice from pet shops in kanagawa and tokyo, japan. the survey was conducted in 28 mice from 5 pet shops to screen for 47 items (17 viruses, 22 bacteria and fungi, 10 parasites) using culture tests, serology, pcr, and microscopy. the m ... | 2014 | 25502736 |
| expanding the role of the virome: commensalism in the gut. | viruses affect host physiology beyond causing acute disease, thereby giving rise to the concept that the virome is a component of the microbiome. however, the role of the enteric virome is understudied relative to the fast-paced research examining commensal bacteria in the intestine. in this article, i discuss our recent work on murine norovirus indicating that an animal virus in the intestine can provide many of the signals to the host that have been attributed to commensal bacteria. our findin ... | 2015 | 25505079 |
| subgenomic promoter recognition by the norovirus rna-dependent rna polymerases. | the replication enzyme of rna viruses must preferentially recognize their rnas in an environment that contains an abundance of cellular rnas. the factors responsible for specific rna recognition are not well understood, in part because viral rna synthesis takes place within enzyme complexes associated with modified cellular membrane compartments. recombinant rna-dependent rna polymerases (rdrps) from the human norovirus and the murine norovirus (mnv) were found to preferentially recognize rna se ... | 2014 | 25520198 |
| a high-throughput drop microfluidic system for virus culture and analysis. | high mutation rates and short replication times lead to rapid evolution in rna viruses. new tools for high-throughput culture and analysis of viral phenotypes will enable more effective studies of viral evolutionary processes. a water-in-oil drop microfluidic system to study virus-cell interactions at the single event level on a massively parallel scale is described here. murine norovirus (mnv-1) particles were co-encapsulated with individual raw 264.7 cells in 65 pl aqueous drops formed by flow ... | 2015 | 25522923 |
| heat inactivation of a norovirus surrogate in cell culture lysate, abalone meat, and abalone viscera. | the current study examined the effects of temperature and heat treatment duration on murine norovirus-1 (mnv-1) from both viral cell culture lysate (7-8 log10 pfu) and experimentally contaminated abalone meat and viscera (5-6 log10 pfu) as a model of human norovirus (nov). mnv-1 titers in cell culture lysate, abalone meat, and abalone viscera were gradually reduced to 1.93-4.55, 1.79-3.00, and 2.26-3.26 log10 pfu/ml, respectively, after treatment at 70 °c for 1-10 min. treatment at 85 °c for 1-5 ... | 2015 | 25526718 |
| effect of uv light on the inactivation of recombinant human adenovirus and murine norovirus seeded in seawater in shellfish depuration tanks. | shellfish depuration is a process that aims to eliminate pathogens from mollusk tissues. seawater disinfection during the depuration process is important and ultraviolet (uv) light treatment is the most used method worldwide. viral models are usually employed as surrogates of fastidious viruses in viability studies. the aim of this study was to employ methods based on green fluorescent protein (gfp) fluorescence and plaque forming units to detect, respectively, recombinant adenovirus (radv-gfp) ... | 2015 | 25528135 |
| murine norovirus 1 (mnv1) replication induces translational control of the host by regulating eif4e activity during infection. | protein synthesis is a tightly controlled process responding to several stimuli, including viral infection. as obligate intracellular parasites, viruses depend on the translation machinery of the host and can manipulate it by affecting the availability and function of specific eukaryotic initiation factors (eifs). human norovirus is a member of the caliciviridae family and is responsible for gastroenteritis outbreaks. previous studies on feline calicivirus and murine norovirus 1 (mnv1) demonstra ... | 2015 | 25561727 |
| does alteration in biodiversity really affect disease outcome? - a debate is brewing. | how changes in biodiversity alter the transmission of infectious diseases is presently under debate. epidemiologists and ecologists have put a lot of effort to understand the mechanism behind biodiversity-disease relationship. two important mechanisms, i.e. dilution and amplification theories have in some manner made it clear that biodiversity and disease outcome have an intimate relationship. the dilution effect theory seems to answer some overarching questions, but paucity of information about ... | 2015 | 25561877 |
| effect of temperature and relative humidity on the survival of foodborne viruses during food storage. | millions of people suffer from foodborne diseases throughout the world every year, and the importance of food safety has grown worldwide in recent years. the aim of this study was to investigate the survival of hepatitis a virus (hav) and viral surrogates of human norovirus (hunov) (bacteriophage ms2 and murine norovirus [mnv]) in food over time. hav, mnv, and ms2 were inoculated onto either the digestive gland of oysters or the surface of fresh peppers, and their survival on these food matrices ... | 2015 | 25576612 |
| tenacity of human norovirus and the surrogates feline calicivirus and murine norovirus during long-term storage on common nonporous food contact surfaces. | the transfer of human norovirus (hnv) to food via contaminated surfaces is highly probable during food production, processing, and preparation. in this study, the tenacity of hnv and its cultivable surrogates feline calicivirus (fcv) and murine norovirus (mnv) on two common nonporous surface materials at two storage temperatures was directly compared. virus titer reduction on artificially inoculated stainless steel and plastic carriers was monitored for 70 days at room temperature and at 7°c. vi ... | 2015 | 25581201 |
| effects of oils and essential oils from seeds of zanthoxylum schinifolium against foodborne viral surrogates. | human noroviruses are the most frequent cause of foodborne viral disease and are responsible for the vast majority of nonbacterial gastroenteritis. however, no specific therapies are available for the efficient control or prevention of foodborne viral disease. here, we determined the antiviral activities of oils from seeds of zanthoxylum schinifolium (zso) against foodborne viral surrogates, feline calicivirus-f9 (fcv-f9), and murine norovirus-1 (mnv-1), using plaque assay. time-of-addition expe ... | 2014 | 25587338 |
| norovirus cross-contamination during preparation of fresh produce. | infection with human norovirus (hunov) is considered a common cause of foodborne illness worldwide. foodborne hunov outbreaks may result from consumption of food contaminated by an infected food handler in the foodservice environment, in which bare-hand contact, lack of hand washing, and inadequate cleaning and disinfection are common contributing factors. the goal of this study was to examine cross-contamination of a hunov surrogate, murine norovirus (mnv-1), during common procedures used in pr ... | 2015 | 25590260 |
| electron beam inactivation of tulane virus on fresh produce, and mechanism of inactivation of human norovirus surrogates by electron beam irradiation. | ionizing radiation, whether by electron beams or gamma rays, is a non-thermal processing technique used to improve the microbial safety and shelf-life of many different food products. this technology is highly effective against bacterial pathogens, but data on its effect against foodborne viruses is limited. a mechanism of viral inactivation has been proposed with gamma irradiation, but no published study discloses a mechanism for electron beam (e-beam). this study had three distinct goals: 1) e ... | 2015 | 25590261 |
| evaluation of natural compounds of plant origin for inactivation of enteric viruses. | essential oils (eos) and some of their main compounds have demonstrated extensive antimicrobial activity in a wide range of food spoilage or pathogenic fungi, yeast and bacteria. the aim of this study was to assess the antiviral activity of zataria multiflora boiss. (zataria) and origanum vulgare (oregano) eos on hepatitis a virus (hav) and the effect of thymol, an active compound of thymus vulgaris and oregano, on norovirus surrogates, feline calicivirus (fcv) and murine norovirus (mnv), and ha ... | 2015 | 25636749 |
| evidence of the internalization of animal caliciviruses via the roots of growing strawberry plants and dissemination to the fruit. | human norovirus (nov) is the leading cause of foodborne disease in the united states, and epidemiological studies have shown that fresh produce is one of the major vehicles for the transmission of human nov. however, the mechanisms of norovirus contamination and persistence in fresh produce are poorly understood. the objective of this study is to determine whether human nov surrogates, murine norovirus (mnv-1) and tulane virus (tv), can attach and become internalized and disseminated in strawber ... | 2015 | 25662970 |
| evaluation of virus inactivation by formaldehyde to enhance biosafety of diagnostic electron microscopy. | formaldehyde (fa) fixation of infectious samples is a well-established protocol in diagnostic electron microscopy of viruses. however, published experimental data that demonstrate virus inactivation by these fixation procedures are lacking. usually, fixation is performed immediately before the sample preparation for microscopy. the fixation procedure should transform viruses in a non-infectious but nonetheless structurally intact form in order to allow a proper diagnosis based on morphology. fa ... | 2015 | 25674771 |
| culture-independent evaluation of nonenveloped-virus infectivity reduced by free-chlorine disinfection. | the inability of molecular detection methods to distinguish disinfected virions from infectious ones has hampered the assessment of infectivity for enteric viruses caused by disinfection practices. in the present study, the reduction of infectivity of murine norovirus s7-pp3 and mengovirus vmc0, surrogates of human noroviruses and enteroviruses, respectively, caused by free-chlorine treatment was characterized culture independently by detecting carbonyl groups on viral capsid protein. the amount ... | 2015 | 25681178 |
| efficacy and mechanisms of murine norovirus inhibition by pulsed-light technology. | pulsed light is a nonthermal processing technology recognized by the fda for killing microorganisms on food surfaces, with cumulative fluences up to 12 j cm(-2). in this study, we investigated its efficacy for inactivating murine norovirus 1 (mnv-1) as a human norovirus surrogate in phosphate-buffered saline, hard water, mineral water, turbid water, and sewage treatment effluent and on food contact surfaces, including high-density polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, and stainless steel, free or in ... | 2015 | 25681193 |
| recovery of murine norovirus and feline calicivirus from plasmids encoding emcv ires in stable cell lines expressing t7 polymerase. | reverse genetics systems constitute one of the most important and powerful tools to study the molecular biology of viruses. we developed a new strategy for the recovery of murine norovirus from a single plasmid in which a bacteriophage t7 rna polymerase (t7pol) promoter for transcription and an emcv ires for efficient translation were engineered immediately upstream of the viral genome. infectious noroviruses were recovered following transfection of the newly designed plasmid into nonpermissive ... | 2015 | 25698463 |
| evaluation of the swab sampling method to recover viruses from fomites. | the monitoring of virus contamination on fomites, especially at hospitals has been used for a more effective evaluation of the microbiological quality of surfaces. swab sampling is the method used currently, although the use of an internal control process (icp) has not yet been assessed. the aim of this study is to determine the recovery rate of murine norovirus 1 (mnv-1) and bacteriophage pp7 on different surfaces in order to assess their potential use as an icp. for this purpose both viruses w ... | 2015 | 25704597 |
| a comparative study of digital rt-pcr and rt-qpcr for quantification of hepatitis a virus and norovirus in lettuce and water samples. | sensitive and quantitative detection of foodborne enteric viruses is classically achieved by quantitative rt-pcr (rt-qpcr). recently, digital pcr (dpcr) was described as a novel approach to genome quantification without need for a standard curve. the performance of microfluidic digital rt-pcr (rt-dpcr) was compared to rt-qpcr for detecting the main viruses responsible for foodborne outbreaks (human noroviruses (nov) and hepatitis a virus (hav)) in spiked lettuce and bottled water. two process co ... | 2015 | 25725459 |
| structure determination of murine norovirus ns6 proteases with c-terminal extensions designed to probe protease-substrate interactions. | noroviruses are positive-sense single-stranded rna viruses. they encode an ns6 protease that cleaves a viral polyprotein at specific sites to produce mature viral proteins. in an earlier study we obtained crystals of murine norovirus (mnv) ns6 protease in which crystal contacts were mediated by specific insertion of the c-terminus of one protein (which contains residues p5-p1 of the ns6-7 cleavage junction) into the peptide binding site of an adjacent molecule, forming an adventitious protease-p ... | 2015 | 25755927 |
| removal properties of human enteric viruses in a pilot-scale membrane bioreactor (mbr) process. | in order to evaluate removal properties of human enteric viruses from wastewater by a membrane bioreactor (mbr), influent, anoxic and oxic mixed liquor, and membrane effluent samples were collected in a pilot-scale anoxic-oxic mbr process for 16 months, and concentrations of enteroviruses, norovirus gii, and sapoviruses were determined by real-time pcr using murine norovirus as a process control. mixed liquor samples were separated into liquid and solid phases by centrifugation, and viruses in t ... | 2015 | 25770448 |
| determination of which virus to use as a process control when testing for the presence of hepatitis a virus and norovirus in food and water. | noroviruses (genogroup i (nov gi) and genogroup ii (nov gii)) and the hepatitis a virus (hav) are frequently involved in foodborne infections worldwide. they are mainly transmitted via the fecal-oral route, direct person-to-person contact or consumption of contaminated water and foods. in food virology, detection methods are currently based on identifying viral genomes using real-time reverse transcriptase pcr (rt-qpcr). one of the general requirements for detecting these viruses in food involve ... | 2015 | 25771512 |
| removal of surrogate bacteriophages and enteric viruses from seeded environmental waters using a semi-technical ultrafiltration unit. | experiments to determine the removal of viruses in different types of water (surface water from two reservoirs for drinking water treatment, treated groundwater and groundwater contaminated with either 5 or 30 % of wastewater) by ultrafiltration were performed with a semi-technical ultrafiltration unit. concentrations of human adenoviruses (hadvs), murine norovirus (mnv), and the bacteriophages ms2, φx174 and prd1 were measured in the feed water and the filtrate, and log removal values were calc ... | 2015 | 25786890 |
| propidium monoazide reverse transcriptase pcr and rt-qpcr for detecting infectious enterovirus and norovirus. | presently there is no established cell line or small animal model that allows for the detection of infectious human norovirus. current methods based on rt-pcr and rt-qpcr detect both infectious and non-infectious virus and thus the conclusions that may be drawn regarding the public health significance of positive findings are limited. in this study, pma rt-pcr and rt-qpcr assays were evaluated for selective detection of infectious poliovirus, murine norovirus (mnv-1), and norwalk virus. viruses ... | 2015 | 25796356 |
| murine norovirus replication induces g0/g1 cell cycle arrest in asynchronously growing cells. | many viruses replicate most efficiently in specific phases of the cell cycle, establishing or exploiting favorable conditions for viral replication, although little is known about the relationship between caliciviruses and the cell cycle. microarray and western blot analysis of murine norovirus 1 (mnv-1)-infected cells showed changes in cyclin transcript and protein levels indicative of a g1 phase arrest. cell cycle analysis confirmed that mnv-1 infection caused a prolonging of the g1 phase and ... | 2015 | 25810556 |
| interactions between human norovirus surrogates and acanthamoeba spp. | human noroviruses (hunovs) are the most common cause of food-borne disease outbreaks, as well as virus-related waterborne disease outbreaks in the united states. here, we hypothesize that common free-living amoebae (fla)-ubiquitous in the environment, known to interact with pathogens, and frequently isolated from water and fresh produce-could potentially act as reservoirs of hunov and facilitate the environmental transmission of hunovs. to investigate fla as reservoirs for hunov, the interaction ... | 2015 | 25841006 |
| mathematical model for viral depuration kinetics in shellfish: an useful tool to estimate the risk for the consumers. | enteric virus depuration from shellfish is a complex biological process that may be influenced by biological properties of the mollusc and/or virus species. on the basis of previous experimental data, a mathematical model was developed to characterize the kinetics of viral elimination during the depuration process. the experimental data consisted on twenty depuration trials, each with 60 kg of manila clams (venerupis philippinarum) and mediterranean mussels (mytilus galloprovincialis) previously ... | 2015 | 25846934 |
| molecular chaperone hsp90 is a therapeutic target for noroviruses. | human noroviruses (hunov) are a significant cause of acute gastroenteritis in the developed world, and yet our understanding of the molecular pathways involved in norovirus replication and pathogenesis has been limited by the inability to efficiently culture these viruses in the laboratory. using the murine norovirus (mnv) model, we have recently identified a network of host factors that interact with the 5' and 3' extremities of the norovirus rna genome. in addition to a number of well-known ce ... | 2015 | 25855731 |
| detection and quantification of airborne norovirus during outbreaks in healthcare facilities. | noroviruses are responsible for at least 50% of all gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide. noroviruses gii can infect humans via multiple routes including direct contact with an infected person, fecal matter, or vomitus, and contact with contaminated surfaces. although norovirus is an intestinal pathogen, aerosols could, if inhaled, settle in the pharynx and later be swallowed. the aims of this study were to investigate the presence of norovirus gii bioaerosols during gastroenteritis outbreaks in ... | 2015 | 25900175 |
| antimicrobial activity of bismuth subsalicylate on clostridium difficile, escherichia coli o157:h7, norovirus, and other common enteric pathogens. | previous studies have shown bismuth subsalicylate (bss) has antimicrobial properties, but few studies have addressed the mechanism of action. furthermore, following bss ingestion other bismuth salts form throughout the gastrointestinal tract including bismuth oxychloride (biocl) that also act upon enteric pathogens. to further understand the antimicrobial activity of bismuth in infectious diarrhea, the antimicrobial effect of bss and biocl on clostridium difficile, salmonella, shigella, shiga to ... | 2015 | 25901890 |
| detection of viable murine norovirus using the plaque assay and propidium-monoazide-combined real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. | human norovirus (hunov) is the most common cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. the lack of a virus culture system makes it difficult to determine the viability of norovirus by only reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) or real-time quantitative rt-pcr (qrt-pcr). the aim of this study was to investigate the detection of viable murine norovirus (mnv) by combining propidium monoazide (pma) or ethidium monoazide (ema) with qrt-pcr. mnv (5.21log10pfu/ml) was subjected to heat treat ... | 2015 | 25920568 |
| effects of murine norovirus on atherosclerosis in ldlr(-/-) mice depends on the timing of infection. | we previously reported that murine norovirus (mnv), a virus prevalent in united states research institutions, increased atherosclerotic lesion size in ldlr(-/-) mice when the mice were infected 8 wk after feeding an atherogenic diet. to determine whether the timing of mnv infection relative to atherosclerosis development altered the disease phenotype and to examine potential mechanisms by which mnv influences the disease process, we fed ldlr(-/-) mice an atherogenic diet for 16 wk. three days af ... | 2015 | 25926396 |
| presence of pathogenic enteric viruses in illegally imported meat and meat products to eu by international air travelers. | one hundred twenty two meat samples confiscated from passengers on flights from non-european countries at the international airport of bilbao (spain) were tested for the presence of the main foodborne viral pathogens (human noroviruses genogroups i and ii, hepatitis a and e viruses) during 2012 and 2013. a sample process control virus, murine norovirus, was used to evaluate the correct performance of the method. overall, 67 samples were positive for at least one enteric viruses, 65 being positiv ... | 2015 | 25951793 |
| effects of abiotic and biotic stresses on the internalization and dissemination of human norovirus surrogates in growing romaine lettuce. | human norovirus (nov) is the major causative agent of fresh-produce-related outbreaks of gastroenteritis; however, the ecology and persistence of human nov in produce systems are poorly understood. in this study, the effects of abiotic and biotic stresses on the internalization and dissemination of two human nov surrogates (murine norovirus 1 [mnv-1] and tulane virus [tv]) in romaine lettuce were determined. to induce abiotic stress, romaine lettuce was grown under drought and flood conditions t ... | 2015 | 25956773 |
| thermal inactivation kinetics of human norovirus surrogates and hepatitis a virus in turkey deli meat. | human noroviruses (hnov) and hepatitis a virus (hav) have been implicated in outbreaks linked to the consumption of presliced ready-to-eat deli meats. the objectives of this research were to determine the thermal inactivation kinetics of hnov surrogates (murine norovirus 1 [mnv-1] and feline calicivirus strain f9 [fcv-f9]) and hav in turkey deli meat, compare first-order and weibull models to describe the data, and calculate arrhenius activation energy values for each model. the d (decimal reduc ... | 2015 | 25956775 |
| isolation and analysis of rare norovirus recombinants from coinfected mice using drop-based microfluidics. | human noroviruses (hunovs) are positive-sense rna viruses that can cause severe, highly infectious gastroenteritis. hunov outbreaks are frequently associated with recombination between circulating strains. strain genotyping and phylogenetic analyses show that noroviruses often recombine in a highly conserved region near the junction of the viral polyprotein (open reading frame 1 [orf1]) and capsid (orf2) genes and occasionally within the rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) gene. although genotyp ... | 2015 | 25972549 |
| destruction of the capsid and genome of gii.4 human norovirus occurs during exposure to metal alloys containing copper. | human norovirus (hunov) represents a significant public health burden worldwide and can be environmentally transmitted. copper surfaces have been shown to inactivate the cultivable surrogate murine norovirus, but no such data exist for hunov. the purpose of this study was to characterize the destruction of gii.4 hunov and virus-like particles (vlps) during exposure to copper alloy surfaces. fecal suspensions positive for a gii.4 hunov outbreak strain or gii.4 vlps were exposed to copper alloys o ... | 2015 | 25979897 |
| ceramide formation mediated by acid sphingomyelinase facilitates endosomal escape of caliciviruses. | our recent results demonstrated that bile acids facilitate virus escape from the endosomes into the cytoplasm for successful replication of porcine enteric calicivirus (pec). we report a novel finding that bile acids can be substituted by cold treatment for endosomal escape and virus replication. this endosomal escape by cold treatment or bile acids is associated with ceramide formation by acid sphingomyelinase (asm). asm catalyzes hydrolysis of sphingomyelin into ceramide, which is known to des ... | 2015 | 25985440 |
| transfer of acanthamoeba spp. to fresh produce from water and environmental surfaces. | human noroviruses (hunov) are the primary cause of food-borne disease outbreaks in the united states. the most frequent commodities implicated in hunov outbreaks are leafy greens where contamination may occur during production and harvesting practices. with respect to the transmission of hunov to fresh produce, one hypothesis is that free-living amoebae that are ubiquitous in the environment (soil, sediments and water) can serve as vehicles of contamination through interaction with viruses. here ... | 2015 | 25996169 |
| control of human norovirus surrogates in fresh foods by gaseous ozone and a proposed mechanism of inactivation. | fresh produce is a major concern for transmission of foodborne enteric viruses as it is normally consumed with no heat treatments and minimal other processing to ensure safety. commonly used sanitizers are ineffective at removing foodborne viruses from fresh produce. thus the use of gaseous ozone for viral inactivation was investigated. ozone has great potential for improved food safety because of four benefits: it is a potent sanitizer, it is effective against a wide range of microorganisms, it ... | 2015 | 25998824 |
| feline calicivirus, murine norovirus, porcine sapovirus, and tulane virus survival on postharvest lettuce. | human norovirus (hunov) is the leading cause of foodborne illnesses, with an increasing number of outbreaks associated with leafy greens. because hunov cannot be routinely cultured, culturable feline calicivirus (fcv), murine norovirus (mnv), porcine sapovirus (sav), and tulane virus (tv) have been used as surrogates. these viruses are generated in different cell lines as infected cell lysates, which may differentially affect their stability. our objective was to uniformly compare the survival o ... | 2015 | 26002891 |
| physicochemical stability profile of tulane virus: a human norovirus surrogate. | human norovirus (hunov) is estimated to cause 19-21 million illnesses each year in the us. a major limitation in hunov research is the lack of an in vitro culture system; therefore, surrogate viruses including murine norovirus (mnv) and feline calicivirus (fcv) are used to study hunov. here, we aim to establish the physiochemical properties of tulane virus (tv)—a newer hunov surrogate. | 2015 | 26104882 |
| repurposing of rutin for the inhibition of norovirus replication. | drug repurposing is a strategy employed to circumvent some of the bottlenecks involved in drug development, such as the cost and time needed for developing new molecular entities. noroviruses cause recurrent epidemics and sporadic outbreaks of gastroenteritis associated with significant mortality and economic costs, but no treatment has been approved to date. herein, a library of molecules previously used in humans was screened to find compounds with anti-noroviral activity. antiviral testing fo ... | 2015 | 26112762 |
| virucidal efficacy of treatment with photodynamically activated curcumin on murine norovirus bio-accumulated in oysters. | norovirus (nov) is one of the most important seafood- and water-borne viruses, and is a major cause of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks. in the present study we investigated the effect of curcumin as a sensitizer to photodynamic treatment both in buffer and in oysters against murine norovirus 1 (mnv-1), a surrogate of nov. mnv-1 cultured in buffer and mnv-1 bio-accumulated in oysters were irradiated with a novel led light source with a wavelength of 470nm and an energy of 3.6j/cm(2). inactivation ... | 2015 | 26117199 |
| heat-denatured lysozyme inactivates murine norovirus as a surrogate human norovirus. | human norovirus infects humans through the consumption of contaminated food, contact with the excrement or vomit of an infected person, and through airborne droplets that scatter the virus through the air. being highly infectious and highly viable in the environment, inactivation of the norovirus requires a highly effective inactivating agent. in this study, we have discovered the thermal denaturing capacity of a lysozyme with known antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria, as well ... | 2015 | 26134436 |
| aqueous extracts of hibiscus sabdariffa calyces decrease hepatitis a virus and human norovirus surrogate titers. | hibiscus sabdariffa extract is known to have antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and antimicrobial properties. however, their effects against foodborne viruses are currently unknown. the objective of this study was to determine the antiviral effects of aqueous extracts of h. sabdariffa against human norovirus surrogates (feline calicivirus (fcv-f9) and murine norovirus (mnv-1)) and hepatitis a virus (hav) at 37 °c over 24 h. individual viruses (~5 log pfu/ml) were incubated with 40 or 100 mg/ml of aqueo ... | 2015 | 26143492 |
| enteric viral surrogate reduction by chitosan. | enteric viruses are a major problem in the food industry, especially as human noroviruses are the leading cause of nonbacterial gastroenteritis. chitosan is known to be effective against some enteric viral surrogates, but more detailed studies are needed to determine the precise application variables. the main objective of this work was to determine the effect of increasing chitosan concentration (0.7-1.5% w/v) on the cultivable enteric viral surrogates, feline calicivirus (fcv-f9), murine norov ... | 2015 | 26162243 |
| ultraviolet-c efficacy against a norovirus surrogate and hepatitis a virus on a stainless steel surface. | in this study, the effects of 10-300 mws/cm(2) of ultraviolet radiation (uv-c) at 260 nm were investigated for the inactivation of two foodborne viruses: murine norovirus-1 (mnv-1; a human norovirus [nov] surrogate) and hepatitis a virus (hav). we used an experimentally contaminated stainless steel surface, a common food-contact surface, to examine the effects of low doses of uv-c radiation on mnv-1 and hav titers. the modified gompertz equation was used to generate non-linear survival curves an ... | 2015 | 26184763 |
| attachment and localization of human norovirus and animal caliciviruses in fresh produce. | fresh produce is a high risk food for human norovirus (nov) contamination. to help control this pathogen in fresh produce, a better understanding of the interaction of human nov and fresh produce needs to be established. in this study the attachment of human nov and animal caliciviruses (murine norovirus, mnv-1; tulane virus, tv) to fresh produce was evaluated, using both visualization and viral enumeration techniques. it was found that a human nov gii.4 strain attached efficiently to the romain ... | 2015 | 26188496 |
| application of water-assisted ultraviolet light processing on the inactivation of murine norovirus on blueberries. | in this study, a novel set-up using water-assisted uv processing was developed and evaluated for its decontamination efficacy against murine norovirus (mnv-1) inoculated on fresh blueberries for both small and large-scale experimental setups. blueberries were skin-inoculated with mnv-1 and treated for 1-5 min with uv directly (dry uv) or immersed in agitated water during uv treatment (water-assisted uv). the effect of the presence of 2% (v/v) blueberry juice or 5% crushed blueberries (w/w) in wa ... | 2015 | 26210533 |