Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| a new family planning tool to slow population growth. | the national institute of immunology in new delhi, india, is conducting clinical trials of a prototype birth control vaccine. 88 20-36 year old women receive a series of 3 injections of 300 mcg human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg) vaccine to theoretically protect them from pregnancy for 1 year. after 1 year, they receive a booster shot to protect them for another year or not receive the booster, thereby resulting in a return to fertility. so far, only 1 pregnancy in 821 menstrual cycles has occ ... | 1993 | 12318006 |
| gastroprotective effect of neem (azadirachta indica) bark extract: possible involvement of h(+)-k(+)-atpase inhibition and scavenging of hydroxyl radical. | the antisecretory and antiulcer effects of aqueous extract of neem (azadirachta indica) bark have been studied along with its mechanism of action, standardisation and safety evaluation. the extract can dose dependently inhibit pylorus-ligation and drug (mercaptomethylimidazole)-induced acid secretion with ed(50) value of 2.7 and 2 mg kg(-1) b.w. respectively. it is highly potent in dose-dependently blocking gastric ulcer induced by restraint-cold stress and indomethacin with ed(50) value of 1.5 ... | 2002 | 12377267 |
| repellency of live potted plants against anopheles gambiae from human baits in semi-field experimental huts. | the repellency of potted plants against the malaria vector anopheles gambiae sensu stricto giles was quantified in experimental huts under semi-field conditions inside a screen-walled greenhouse. ocimum americanum linnaeus (labiatae), lantana camara l. (verbenaceae), and lippia uckambensis spreng (verbenaceae) repelled at an average of 39.7% (95% confidence interval [ci] = 29.6-48.4%), 32.4% (95% ci = 19.7-43.1%), and 33.3% (95% ci = 21.5-43.3%) of the mosquitoes, respectively (p < 0.0001 for al ... | 2002 | 12389946 |
| production of ligninolytic enzymes for dye decolorization by cocultivation of white-rot fungi pleurotus ostreatus and phanerochaete chrysosporium under solid-state fermentation. | lignocellulosic wastes such as neem hull, wheat bran, and sugarcane bagasse, available in abundance, are excellent substrates for the production of ligninolytic enzymes under solid-state fermentation by white-rot fungi. a ligninolytic enzyme system with high activity showing enhanced decomposition was obtained by cocultivation of pleurotus ostreatus and phanerochaete chrysosporium on combinations of lignocellulosic waste. among the various substrate combinations examined, neem hull and wheat bra ... | 2002 | 12396115 |
| 2',3'-dehydrosalannol. | the title compound, methyl (2as,3r,5r,5as,6s,6as,8r,9as,10ar,10br,10cs)-8-(3-furyl)-2a,4,5,5a,6,6a,8,9,9a,10a,10b,10c-dodecahydro-3-hydroxy-2a,5a,6a,7-tetramethyl-5-(3-methylbut-2-enoyloxy)-2h,3h-cyclopenta[4',5']furo[2',3':6,5]benzo[cd]isobenzofuran-6-acetate, c(32)h(42)o(8), was isolated from uncrushed green leaves of azadirachta indica a. juss (neem) and has been found to possess antifeedant activity against spodptera litura. the conformations of the functional groups are similar to those of ... | 2002 | 12415181 |
| antibacterial activity of extracts from some edible plants commonly consumed in asia. | extracts of edible plants (26 species) from china, japan, thailand and yemen were screened for their antibacterial activity against bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus, listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli and salmonella infantis. buffered methanol (80% methanol and 20% pbs) and acetone extracted inhibitory substances against tested bacteria from 16 plants, as revealed by the disc assay. the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of extracts determined by the agar dilution method ranged ... | 2003 | 12423924 |
| effectiveness of different emulsifiers for neem oil against the western flower thrips (thysanoptera, thripidae) and the warehouse moth (lepidoptera, pyralidae). | the neem tree produces highly specified acting insecticides mainly in its seeds. by pressurizing or extracting the seeds an insecticide oil can be manufactured. for successful application emulsifiers are needed to render the oil soluble in water. the heavy oil has to be stable in emulsion, but on the other hand the surfactant should not reduce the ecological property of the neem oil. the emulsifiers lutensol to10, emulan elp, rimulgan and tween 80 and for comparison the formulation neemazal-t/s ... | 2001 | 12425067 |
| effects of neem-based and chemical insecticides on some arthropods in alfalfa. | in this study, we tested the effects of two different doses of neem (azadirachtin) on the alfalfa weevil, hypera variabilis hbst. (coleoptera: curculionidae), aphids and predators (coccinellids, anthocorids, chrysopids and spiders) and compared the effects with those of a broad spectrum insecticide (malathion) in a controlled experiment in 1998 and 1999. malathion treatments reduced alfalfa weevil densities significantly (p < 0.01) by 77.9 and 87.4% in 1998 and 1999, respectively. alfalfa weevil ... | 2001 | 12425073 |
| comparative effectiveness of an integrated pest management system and other control tactics for managing the spider mite tetranychus ludeni (acari: tetranychidae) on eggplant. | the effect of an integrated pest management (ipm) package, host plant resistance, chrysoperla carnea predation and neem oil were evaluated against the spider mite tetranychus ludeni on eggplant (solanum melongena l.) fields in 1996 and 1997, by estimating the mite population density and yield levels. compared with the ipm package (panruti local, c. carnea plus neem oil), the standard (susceptible) eggplant variety (mdu1) grown by farmers and treated with an acaricide (dicofol) had significantly ... | 2001 | 12465852 |
| azadirachtol, a tetranortriterpenoid from neem kernels. | the title compound, dimethyl (-)-(2ar,3r,4r,4as,5r,7as,8r,10s,10ar)-3,8,10-trihydroxy-4-[(2r,6r)-2-hydroxy-11-methyl-5,7,10-trioxatetracyclo[6.3.1.0(2,6)0(9,11)]dodec-3-en-9-yl]-4-methylperhydroisobenzofurano[5,4,3a-cd]isobenzofuran-5,10a-diacetate, c(28)h(36)o(13), which exhibits higher antifeedant activity than azadirachtin-a, a known potent antifeedant, was isolated from neem kernels. the asymmetric unit of the structure contains two independent molecules, which differ in the conformations of ... | 2002 | 12466621 |
| determination of azadirachtin and fatty acid methyl esters of azadirachta indica seeds by hplc and glc. | a simple and economical method has been developed to estimate the azadirachtin content and fatty acid composition of neem kernels. neem kernels are crushed and soaked overnight in ethanol. the extract obtained is analysed by hplc after filtering through a 0.22 micro m membrane. the peaks are separated using acetonitrile-water (40:60) 1 ml min(-1) as the mobile phase on an rp-18 column and monitored at 214 nm. for the determination of fatty acid composition, the fatty acids are directly transmeth ... | 2002 | 12474085 |
| comparative evaluation of hypoglycaemic activity of some indian medicinal plants in alloxan diabetic rats. | in our experiments 30 hypoglycaemic medicinal plants (known and less known) have been selected for thorough studies from indigenous folk medicines, ayurvedic, unani and siddha systems of medicines. in all the experiments with different herbal samples (vacuum dried 95% ethanolic extracts), definite blood glucose lowering effect within 2 weeks have been confirmed in alloxan diabetic albino rats. blood glucose values are brought down close to normal fasting level using herbal samples at a dose of 2 ... | 2003 | 12499084 |
| a study of cardiovascular effects of azadirachta indica (neem) on isolated perfused heart preparations. | the effects of aqueous leaf extract of azadirachta indica were evaluated on isolated prefused frog and rabbit heart. dose dependent negative inotropic and chronotropic effects were observed in both the heart preparation. an increase in coronary blood flow in isolated rabbit heart was observed. the effects were not blocked by atropine and mepyramine in both the preparations. the data suggests that a. indica could be of benefit in coronary artery disease and arrhythmias. | 2002 | 12500501 |
| antineoplastic agents. 489. isolation and structures of meliastatins 1-5 and related euphane triterpenes from the tree melia dubia. | the bark of the giant neem tree melia dubia was found to contain 11 euphane-type triterpenes. five new compounds, meliastatins 1-5 (1-5), proved to inhibit growth of the p388 lymphocytic leukemia cell line (ed(50) 1.7-5.6 microg/ml). four of the others, the previously known methyl kulonate (8), kulinone (9), 16-hydroxybutyrospermol (10), and kulactone (11), were also found to inhibit (ed(50) 2.5-6.2 microg/ml) the p388 cancer cell line. in addition, two new euphane triterpenes were isolated and ... | 2002 | 12502333 |
| effect of single and binary combinations of plant-derived molluscicides on different enzyme activities in the nervous tissue of achatina fulica. | effect of single and binary treatments of plant-derived molluscicides on different enzymes--acetylcholinesterase (ache), lactic dehydrogenase (ldh) and acid/alkaline phosphatase (acp/alp)--in the nervous tissue of the harmful terrestrial snail achatina fulica were studied. sublethal in vivo 24-h exposure to 40% and 80% lc(50) of azadirachta indica oil, cedrus deodara oil, allium sativum bulb powder, nerium indicum bark powder and binary combinations of a. sativum (as) + c. deodara (cd) and cd + ... | 2003 | 12518332 |
| variability in neem (azadirachta indica) with respect to azadirachtin content. | there is a controversy over variations in azadirachtin content in neem (azadirachta indica) seeds among various provenances and countries. also, variations in azadirachtins are usually attributed to climatic conditions such as temperature and humidity. the present study was undertaken to evaluate qualitative and quantitative variability in azadirachtins a and b among various neem provenances or individual neem trees. forty-three provenances of india were examined for intraprovenance variability ... | 2003 | 12568548 |
| traditionally-used antimalarials from the meliaceae. | a quantitative ethnobotanical approach to antimalarial drug discovery led to the identification of lansium domesticum corr. ser. (meliaceae) as an important antimalarial used by kenyah dyak healers in indonesian borneo. triterpenoid lansiolides with antimalarial activity were isolated from the bark and shown to have activity in both in vitro bioassays with plasmodium falciparum, and in mice infected with p. berghei. a survey of african and tropical american meliaceae led to further development o ... | 2003 | 12570769 |
| acute toxicity assessment of azadirachtin-based pesticides using murine hybridoma and oyster cells. | in vitro acute toxicities of azadirachtin-containing pesticides (neemix and bioneem), formulated with neem tree extracts, and pure azadirachtin (aza), the believed active ingredient, were studied using hybridoma and oyster cells and were compared to results obtained using the standard in vivo daphnia pulex toxicity assay. neem-based pesticides showed relatively high toxicity to both hybridoma and oyster cells at concentrations of 1 microg aza/ml and higher. the ic50 values for hybridoma cells we ... | 2003 | 12617555 |
| antiplasmodial and antifungal activities of iridal, a plant triterpenoid. | iridal, a triterpenoidic compound extracted from iris germanica l., was previously shown to have an interesting activity on two cultured human tumor cell lines (a2780 and k562). in the present work, this same product was tested in vitro on plasmodium falciparum chloroquine-resistant and -sensitive strains, in vivo on p. vinckei, and on some candida albicans and c. parapsilosis strains too. the ic(50) obtained in vitro on human malaria strain ranged from 1.8 to 26.0 microg/ml and the ed(50) in vi ... | 2003 | 12620327 |
| inhibition of propionibacterium acnes-induced mediators of inflammation by indian herbs. | propionibacterium acnes, an anaerobic pathogen, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of acne by inducing certain inflammatory mediators. these mediators include reactive oxygen species (ros) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. in the present study, ros, interleukin-8 (il-8) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) were used as the major criteria for the evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity. to prove the anti-inflammatory effects of herbs, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmnl) and monocyt ... | 2003 | 12622461 |
| [effects of neem seed extracts on nitrogen use efficiency in two different soils]. | incubation test and pot experiments were conducted with haplic luvisols and hydragric anthrosols to study the effects of neem seed extracts (n i, n ii) on nitrification and immobilization of ammonium sulfate. n i could significantly inhibit the nitrification of n applied to the two soils. n ii was effective in promoting the immobilization of nh4+(-)n. pot experiments showed that n ii could increase the use efficiency of chemical nitrogen significantly in fimic anthrosols. | 2002 | 12624997 |
| cultural categorization of febrile illnesses in correlation with herbal remedies used for treatment in southwestern nigeria. | the ethnographic study was conducted in two communities in oyo state in southwestern nigeria. the study sites consisted of a rural and an urban local government area located in the tropical rain forest zone of nigeria. the study was designed to obtain information on febrile illnesses and herbal remedies for treatment with the aim of identifying potential antimalarial drugs. the study revealed that fever is a general term for describing illnesses associated with elevated body temperature. the ind ... | 2003 | 12639738 |
| combining azadirachtin and paecilomyces fumosoroseus (deuteromycotina: hyphomycetes) to control bemisia argentifolii (homoptera: aleyrodidae). | both azadirachtin and paecilomyces fumosoroseus (wize) brown & smith have been used to control the whitefly bemisia argentifolii bellows & perring, but with only moderate effectiveness. azadirachtin is a botanical insecticide derived from the neem tree, and p. fumosoroseus is an entomopathogenic fungus. to test whether these two agents might be more effective for whitefly control if used together, different rates of each were combined in laboratory bioassays in factorial treatment. both tank mix ... | 2003 | 12650340 |
| lethal and sublethal effects of a neem-based insecticide on balsam fir sawfly (hymenoptera: diprionidae). | lethal and sublethal effects of neemix 4.5 ec, a commercial neem preparation, on balsam fir sawfly, neodiprion abietis (harris), were determined in the laboratory. larval mortality of n. abietis increased in a concentration-dependent manner, and lethal time decreased with increasing neemix 4.5 ec concentration. fifty percent of the larvae died after 4.6 d at a concentration of 90 ppm azadirachtin (aza) and 12.3 d at a concentration of 0.08 ppm. neemix 4.5 ec showed some deterrent effects to feed ... | 2003 | 12650342 |
| variation in net photosynthesis, stomatal characteristics, leaf area and whole-plant phytomass production among ten provenances of neem (azadirachta indica). | variation in net photosynthesis, co(2) exchange parameters, stomatal characteristics, leaf area and seedling dry weight were investigated among 10 provenances of neem (azadirachta indica a. juss.). significant provenance variation was established for net photosynthesis (8.14 to 15.13 &mgr;mol m(-2) s(-1)), stomatal conductance (0.37 to 0.59 mol m(-2) s(-1)), stomatal density (145 to 204 mm(-2)), and total guard cell length (2681 to 3873 &mgr;m). net photosynthesis was positively correlated with ... | 1999 | 12651331 |
| post-harvest fungal quality of selected chewing sticks. | to study post-harvest fungal overgrowth on chewing sticks used for oral hygiene measures and role of disinfection. | 2003 | 12657036 |
| field trials on the repellent activity of four plant products against mainly mansonia population in western ethiopia. | the repellent activity of essential oils of lemon eucalyptus (eucalyptus maculata citrodion), rue (ruta chalepensis), oleoresin of pyrethrum (chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium) and neem (azadiracta indica) have been field tested as 40%, 50% and 75% solutions in coconut oil against populations of mosquitoes consisting mainly of mansonia in gambella, western ethiopia. a latin square design was used to randomize the test subjects for possible individual differences for mosquito attraction. repellency ... | 2003 | 12672146 |
| tetracyclic triterpenoids from the leaves of azadirachta indica and their insecticidal activities. | a new tetranortriterpenoid, meliatetraolenone [24,25,26,27-tetranor-apotirucalla-(apoeupha)-6alpha-o-methyl, 7alpha-senecioyl(7-deacetyl)-11alpha,12alpha,21,23-tetrahydroxy-21,23-epoxy-2,14,20(22)-trien-1,16-dione] (1) was isolated from the methanolic extract of fresh leaves of azadirachta indica along with the known compound odoratone (3) which was hitherto unreported from this source. their structures have been elucidated by spectral studies including 2d nmr. the insecticidal activities of 1 a ... | 2003 | 12672995 |
| lens aldose reductase inhibiting potential of some indigenous plants. | cataract is the leading cause of blindness worldover. diabetes is one of the major risk factors for cataractogenesis and aldose reductase (ar) has been reported to play an important role in sugar-induced cataract. in the present study, the ar inhibitory activity of ocimum sanctum (os), withania somnifera (ws), curcuma longa (cl), azadirachta indica (ai) were studied together with their effect on sugar-induced cataractogenic changes in rat lenses in vitro. aqueous extracts of the plants, procured ... | 2003 | 12686449 |
| medicinal and aromatic plant materials as nitrification inhibitors for augmenting yield and nitrogen uptake of japanese mint (mentha arvensis l. var. piperascens). | pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the relative performance of medicinal and aromatic plant materials and dicyandiamide (dcd) as nitrification inhibitors to regulate transformation of n from urea. their effect on the efficiencies of use of n by japanese mint (mentha arvensis cv. hy 77) was tested. urea was coated with these materials viz., mentha spicata, artemisia annua or dcd at the rate of 5% (w/w) of fertilizer urea using an appropriate coating technique. nimin (tetranortriterpenoids ... | 2003 | 12688470 |
| first results of the application of a new neemazal powder formulation in hydroponics against different pest insects. | neemazal pc (0.5% azadirachtin) is a new standardised powder formulation from the seed kernels of the tropical neem tree (azadirachta indica a. juss) with an inert carrier. first experiments with beans--as a model-system for hydroponics--show that active ingredient is taken up by the plants through the roots and is transported efficiently with the plant sap to the leaves. after application of neemazal pc solution (0.01-1%) to the roots sucking (aphis fabae hom., aphididae) and free feeding (heli ... | 2002 | 12696431 |
| chemopreventive potential of neem flowers on carcinogen-induced rat mammary and liver carcinogenesis. | we have previously reported that dietary neem flowers (azadirachta indica a. juss var. siamensis valeton) caused a marked increase in glutathione s-transferase (gst) activity in the liver, while resulting in a significant reduction in the activities of some hepatic p450-dependent monooxygenases. these results strongly indicate that neem flowers may have chemopreventive potential. in the present study, we examined the inhibitory effects of neem flowers on 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene (dmba)-i ... | 2002 | 12718580 |
| 6beta-hydroxygedunin from azadirachta indica. its potentiation effects with some non-azadirachtin limonoids in neem against lepidopteran larvae. | the biological activity of 6beta-hydroxygedunin isolated from azadirachta indica a. juss. was assessed using the gram pod borer, helicoverpa armigera (hubner), and asian armyworm, spodoptera litura (fabricius) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), alone and in combination with other limonoids, gedunin, salannin, nimbinene, and azadirachtin. the compound exhibited growth inhibitory activity in artificial diet bioassays, with 24.2 and 21.5 ppm, respectively, inhibiting growth by 50%. this efficacy was higher ... | 2003 | 12720374 |
| ultrastructural changes induced by leaves of azadirachta indica (neem) in the testis of albino rats. | the present work was designed to study the effect of azadirachta indica (neem) powder on rat testis using the electron microscope. male albino rats received 100 mg each a. indica leaf powder orally (by gavage). on alternate days, a second group of rats received 0.125 mg testosterone dipropionate intramuscularly. a third group received both a. indica leaf powder by gavage and testosterone dipropionate intramuscularly. suitable controls were maintained. after autopsy, ultrastructural analysis of t ... | 2002 | 12751899 |
| anti dermatophytic activity of azardirachta indica (neem) by invitro study. | the leaf and seed extracts of the plant azardirachta indica were tested for antidermatophytic activity against dermatophytes such as trichophyton ruberum, trichophyton, mentagrophytes, trichophyton violaceum, microsporum nanum and epidermophyton floccosum by tube dilution technique. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of neem seed extract was found to be lower tan that of neem leaf when tested against different species of dermatophytes. | 2002 | 12785173 |
| production of haploids of neem (azadirachta indica a. juss.) by anther culture. | androgenic haploids of the neem tree (azadirachta indica a. juss.) were produced by anther culture at the early- to late-uninucleate stage of pollen. haploid formation occurred via callusing. the best medium for inducing callusing in the anther cultures was murashige and skoog's basal medium (ms) (9% sucrose) supplemented with 1 microm 2,4-d, 1 microm naa and 5 microm bap, while anther callus multiplied best on ms medium supplemented with 1 microm 2,4-d and 10 microm kn. these calli differentiat ... | 2003 | 12789427 |
| an efficient protocol for the production of triploid plants from endosperm callus of neem, azadirachta indica a. juss. | triploid plants of neem were obtained by immature endosperm culture. immature seeds, at the early dicotyledonous stage of embryo development, is the best explant to raise endosperm callus on ms + naa (5 mumol/l) + bap (2 mumol/l) + ch (500 mg l-1). maximum shoot bud differentiation from the endosperm callus occurred on ms + 5 mumol/l bap. shoots were multiplied by forced axillary branching and rooted in vitro. the plants were established in soil. over 66% of the plants were triploid with chromos ... | 2003 | 12806785 |
| an efficient method for the purification and characterization of nematicidal azadirachtins a, b, and h, using mplc and esims. | azadirachtin a enriched concentrate containing 60% active ingredient (a.i.) was prepared from the methanolic extract of the de-fatted neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) seed kernels. azadirachtins a, b, and h, the three major bioactive constituents of neem seed kernel, were purified from this methanolic concentrate by employing reverse phase medium-pressure liquid chromatography (mplc), using methanol-water solvent system as an eluant. the three pure azadirachtin congeners thus obtained were char ... | 2003 | 12822931 |
| the antimitotic effect of the neem terpenoid azadirachtin on cultured insect cells. | when cultured insect cells (sf9) were grown in the presence of 5 x 10(-6) m azadirachtin, there was a rapid increase in the mitotic index, with the appearance of many aberrant mitotic figures. flow cytometry established that cells accumulated in the g2/m phase of the cell cycle, and that the effect was concentration-dependent. at 10(-8) m a period of 20 h was necessary to raise the proportion in g2/m to 42% above the control values, but at 5 x 10(-6) m more than 90% of the cells were in this pha ... | 2003 | 12826095 |
| effect of azadirachta indica on paracetamol-induced hepatic damage in albino rats. | azadirachta indica, a plant used widely in ayurveda, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and adaptogenic properties. the present study evaluates its hepatoprotective role. fresh juice of tender leaves of azadirachta indica (200 mg/kg body wt. p.o.) inhibited paracetamol (2 g/kg body wt. p.o.)-induced lipid peroxidation and prevented depletion of sulfhydryl groups in liver cells. there was an increase in serum marker enzymes of hepatic damage (aspartate transaminase, ala ... | 2003 | 12834004 |
| systemic effects of neem on western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae). | the systemic effects of neem on the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), were investigated in laboratory trials using green bean, phaseolus vulgaris l., in arena and microcosm experiments. in arena experiments, systemic effects of neem against western flower thrips larvae on primary bean leaves were observed with maximum corrected mortality of 50.6%. in microcosm experiments using bean seedlings, higher efficacy in the control of western flower thrips were observed with ... | 2003 | 12852622 |
| photostabilizers for azadirachtin-a (a neem-based pesticide). | photostability of azadirachtin-a (a neem based pesticide) has been studied without and with adding stabilizers such as ter. butyl-p-cresol, 8-hydroxy quinoline and ter. butyl hydroquinone as thin film on glass surface and on leaf surface under sunlight and uv light. half-life of azadirachtin has been found to be 48 min and 3.98 days as thin film under uv light and sunlight and 2.47 days on leaf surface, respectively. 8-hydroxy quinoline and ter. butyl hydroquinone have been found effective in co ... | 2003 | 12856927 |
| chemoprotective effects of ethanolic extract of neem leaf against mnng-induced oxidative stress. | we evaluated the modifying effects of ethanolic extract of neem leaves (azadirachta indica a. juss) on oxidative stress induced by the potent gastric carcinogen n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine (mnng) in male wistar rats. the extent of lipid peroxidation and the status of the antioxidants superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat), reduced glutathione (gsh), glutathione peroxidase (gpx) and glutathione s-transferase (gst) were used as intermediate endpoints of chemoprevention. three differen ... | 2003 | 12889539 |
| cytogenetic toxicity of neem. | the cytogenetic toxicity of the leaf extract of neem was evaluated in murine germ cells. the extract was found to induce structural and numerical changes in the spermatocyte chromosomes as well as synaptic disturbances in them at their first metaphase. a significant increase in the frequency of sperms with abnormal head morphology and the decrease in mean sperm count were also observed. this spermatotoxic effect of the neem extract corroborates its germ cell mutagenicity. the possible role of az ... | 2003 | 12909265 |
| evaluation of the antimalarial properties and standardization of tablets of azadirachta indica (meliaceae) in mice. | the antimalarial activities of the tablet suspension of the bark and leaf of azadirachta indica were evaluated on plasmodium yoelli nigeriensis infected mice. the tablet suspensions exhibited high prophylactic, mode-rate suppressive and a very minimal curative schizonticidal effect. no animal was cured of the infection in the curative test and there was not much increase in the survival time of the animals compared with the control. the tablet suspensions from the leaf and bark at a concentratio ... | 2003 | 12916083 |
| pharmacological studies on melia azadirachta [n. o. meliaceae]. ii. estrogenic and antipyretic activity of neem oil & its fractions. | 1958 | 13586930 | |
| ethanolic neem leaf extract protects against n-methyl -n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine-induced gastric carcinogenesis in wistar rats. | we evaluated the effects of ethanolic neem leaf extract on n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine (mnng)-induced gastric carcinogenesis in wistar rats. the extent of lipid peroxidation and the status of the antioxidants superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat), reduced glutathione (gsh), glutathione peroxidase (gpx), and glutathione-s-transferase (gst) in the stomach, liver and erythrocytes were used as biomarkers of chemoprevention. animals were divided into four groups of six animals each. rat ... | 2003 | 14507242 |
| a continuous spectrophotometric assay for the determination of diamondback moth esterase activity. | conventional methods to determine esterase activity from insects are composed of a three-step process where the enzyme is allowed to hydrolyze a 1-naphthyl acetate substrate, that reaction is quenched by a sds detergent, and then a fast blue b dye complex is formed with 1-naphthol, the product of 1-naphthyl acetate hydrolysis. these methods measure dye-product complex rather than the product, 1-naphthol. a new assay is presented that continuously monitors the formation of 1-naphthol with the hyd ... | 2003 | 14518005 |
| prenylated flavanones isolated from flowers of azadirachta indica (the neem tree) as antimutagenic constituents against heterocyclic amines. | four prenylated flavanones were isolated from the methanol extract of the flowers of azadirachta indica (the neem tree) as potent antimutagens against trp-p-1 (3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5h-pyrido[4,3-b]indole) in the salmonella typhimurium ta98 assay by activity-guided fractionation. spectroscopic properties revealed that those compounds were 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-8-prenylflavanone (1), 5,4'-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-8-prenylflavanone (2), 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-3',8-diprenylflavanone (3), and 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-3', ... | 2003 | 14558762 |
| spermicidal activity of azadirachta indica (neem) leaf extract. | the present study was carried out to evaluate the effective concentration of aqueous extract of old and tender azadirachta indica (neem) leaves to immobilize and kill 100% human spermatozoa within 20 s. sander-cramer test was used to study the spermicidal activity of neem leaf extract. under the test conditions, minimum effective spermicidal concentrations for tender and old leaf extracts were 2.91 +/- 0.669 mg/million sperm and 2.75 +/- 0.754 mg/million sperm, respectively. the effect of extrac ... | 2003 | 14561544 |
| biological investigation and structure-activity relationship studies on azadirone from azadirachta indica a. juss. | azadirone 1, a limonoidal constituent of azadirachta indica is found to possess potent cytotoxic activity against a panel of human cancer cell lines in our in vitro studies. in vitro screening of a number of semi-synthetic analogues of 1 revealed that the alpha,beta-unsaturated enone moiety or its equivalent conjugated system in a-ring, c-7 acetyloxy/chloroacetyloxy or keto group in b-ring and the furan moiety are responsible for the activity of 1 and its analogues. compound 1 and two of the sem ... | 2003 | 14592518 |
| the anthelmintic efficacy of five plant products against gastrointestinal trichostrongylids in artificially infected lambs. | forty-eight helminth-free lambs were divided into eight groups (a-h) of six animals. groups a-g were infected artificially with 10,000 third stage larvae of haemonchus contortus and 20,000 third stage larvae of trichostrongylus colubriformis, whereas group h remained uninfected. thirty days post-infection the lambs were treated orally with a single dosage of one of the following products: group a with 3 mg/kg body weight (bw) of an aqueous ethanol extract (70%, v/v) of the seeds of azadirachta i ... | 2003 | 14597279 |
| n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine (mnng)-induced in vivo clastogenicity: protective effects of aqueous neem leaf extract. | we evaluated the modifying effects of aqueous neem leaf extract on the in vivo clastogenicity of n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine (mnng), a potent gastric carcinogen by quantitation of micronuclei and chromosomal aberrations in metaphase cells from the bone marrow of male wistar rats. intraperitoneal injection of mnng (40 mg/kg body weight) induced a significant increase in the frequency of micronuclei and chromosomal aberrations. pretreatment with aqueous neem leaf extract (100 mg/kg body w ... | 2003 | 14609290 |
| possible mechanism of hepatoprotective activity of azadirachta indica leaf extract: part ii. | hepatoprotective activity of azadirachta indica leaf extract against paracetamol induced hepatic damage in rats has already been reported. in the present investigation effects of azadirachta indica leaf extract on blood and liver glutathione, na+k(+)-atpase activity and thiobarbutiric acid reactive substances against paracetamol induced hepatic damage in rats have been studied with a view to elucidate possible mechanism behind its hepatoprotective action. it was interesting to observe that azadi ... | 2003 | 14611885 |
| acaricidal effects of cardiac glycosides, azadirachtin and neem oil against the camel tick, hyalomma dromedarii (acari: ixodidae). | the cardiac glycoside, digitoxin, from digitalis purpurea l (scrophulariaceae), a cardiac glycosidal (cardenolide) extract from calotropis procera (ait) r br (asclepiadaceae), azadirachtin and neem oil from azadirachta indica a juss (meliaceae) were tested for their effects against larvae and adult stages of the camel tick, hyalomma dromedarii koch (acari: ixodidae). the contact lc50 values of the first three materials against adults were 4.08, 9.63 and >40.7 microg cm(-2), respectively, whereas ... | 2003 | 14620053 |
| learning and memory in the mosquito aedes aegypti shown by conditioning against oviposition deterrence. | oviposition site choice by female mosquitoes, aedes aegypti (l) (diptera: culicidae), was affected by rearing them in water treated with 0.016% of the repellent mozaway trade mark containing citronella and neem. given a choice between a bowl of repellent-treated and a bowl of untreated water, ae. aegypti reared in untreated water strongly preferred to oviposit on the clean water (93-98%) instead of repellent-treated water. this demonstrates effective deterrence of oviposition by dilute mozaway t ... | 2003 | 14651662 |
| analysis of neem oils by lc-ms and degradation kinetics of azadirachtin-a in a controlled environment. characterization of degradation products by hplc-ms-ms. | since it was first isolated, the oil extracted from seeds of neem (azadirachtin indica a juss) has been extensively studied in terms of its efficacy as an insecticide. several industrial formulations are produced as emulsifiable solutions containing a stated titer of the active ingredient azadirachtin-a (az-a). the work reported here is the characterization of a formulation of this insecticide marketed under the name of neem-azal t/s and kinetic studies of the major active ingredient of this for ... | 2004 | 14685815 |
| evaluation of repellent action of neem oil against the filarial vector, culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae). | studies were carried out to evaluate the repellent action of neem oil against culex quinquefasciatus. application of 2 and 5 per cent neem oil @ 5 ml/person/night gave 50 and 40.9 per cent protection in indoor collections and 17.4 and 5.6 per cent in outdoor collections as compared with that of untreated control respectively. the protection time ranged from 0100 to 0300 hrs and 0100 to 0600 hrs in indoor and outdoor collections respectively. results of repellent action of autan, a synthetic mosq ... | 2002 | 14686105 |
| evaluation of antiplaque activity of azadirachta indica leaf extract gel--a 6-week clinical study. | various chemical agents have been evaluated over the years with respect to their antimicrobial effects in the oral cavity; however, all are associated with side effects that prohibit regular long-term use. therefore, the effectiveness of neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) leaf extract against plaque formation was assessed in males between the age group of 20-30 years over a period of 6 weeks. present study includes formulation of mucoadhesive dental gel containing azadirachta indica leaf extract ... | 2004 | 14698516 |
| effects of azadirachta indica extract on gastric ulceration and acid secretion in rats. | the effect of azadirachta indica extract on gastric ulceration was studied in albino rats. azadirachta indica extract (100-800 mg/kg p.o., 100-25 mg/kg i.p.) significantly inhibited gastric ulceration induced by indomethacin (40 mg/kg). administration of 800 mg/kg p.o. and 250 mg/kg i.p. caused 100% cytoprotection against indomethacin (40mg/kg, i.p.)-induced gastric ulceration. this action was accompanied by a dose-dependent decrease in total gastric acidity. in order to investigate the probable ... | 2004 | 14698526 |
| evaluation of anthelmintic properties of extracts from some plants used as livestock dewormers by pastoralist and smallholder farmers in kenya against heligmosomoides polygyrus infections in mice. | parasitic nematodes are among the most common and economically important infectious diseases of grazing livestock, especially in small ruminants in the tropics and subtropics in kenya the control of gastrointestinal nematode infections in sheep and goats is usually made with synthetic anthelmintics but substantial levels of anthelmintic resistance have been recorded. a number of medicinal plants, that may provide possible alternatives, and are used by pastoralists and smallholder farmers in keny ... | 2003 | 14729169 |
| neem leaves as a source of fertilizer-cum-pesticide vermicompost. | vermicomposting of neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) was accomplished in "high-rate" reactors operated at the earthworm (eudrilus eugeniae) densities of 62.5 and 75 animals per litre of reactor volume. contrary to the fears that neem--a powerful nematicide--might not be palatable to the annelids, the earthworms fed voraciously on the neem compost, converting upto 7% of the feed into vermicompost per day. indeed the worms grew faster and reproduced more rapidly in the neem-fed vermireactors than ... | 2004 | 14766163 |
| interaction between chloroquine sulphate and aqueous extract of azadirachta indica a. juss (meliaceae) in rabbits. | this study was carried out to investigate the effect of concurrent oral administration of aqueous leaf extract of azadirachta indica (meliaceae) on the pharmacokinetic properties of chloroquine sulphate in experimental rabbits. the results indicated that concurrent administration of both agents resulted in a significant decrease in serum concentration, slower absorption and elimination as well as longer half-life of chloroquine sulphate. the highest relative decrease of 78.0% was recorded 4 hour ... | 2003 | 14769237 |
| structure of the neem (azadirachta indica) gum. | 1951 | 14849163 | |
| molluscicidal effects of neem (azadirachta indica) extracts on edible tropical land snails. | the effects of 350, 500 and 700 mg kg(-1) of crude extracts of neem, azadirachta indica a juss, on edible tropical land snails archachatina marginata and limicolaria aurora (jay) were determined and compared with control using pawpaw, carica papaya l as bait. responses were measured through normal feeding, cessation of food intake, cessation of crawling, mucus secretion, lack of response to mechanical stimuli (mortality) and decomposition. results showed no effects on the controls or snails expo ... | 2004 | 14971686 |
| in vitro morphogenesis in zygotic embryo cultures of neem (azadirachta indica a. juss.). | immature zygotic embryo cultures of neem yielded highly regenerative cultures, with the response varying with the embryo stage at culture. early dicotyledonous stage embryos were the most responsive followed by torpedo stage embryos. the embryo cultures differentiated three types of regenerants: somatic embryos (ses), shoot buds and neomorphs. ses exhibited morphological abnormalities such as pluricotyledony, fusion of cotyledons and absence of cotyledons. although these ses showed secondary emb ... | 2004 | 14986057 |
| protective role of extracts of neem seeds in diabetes caused by streptozotocin in rats. | effect of petroleum ether extracts of kernel (nsk) and husk (nsh) of neem (azadirachta indica a. juss, meliaceae) seeds on the prevention of oxidative stress caused by streptozotocin (stz) was investigated. diabetes mellitus was induced in adult male wistar rats after administration of stz (55 mg/kg b.wt., i.p., tail vein). the effect of nsk (2 gm/kg, b.wt.) and nsh (0.9 gm/kg, b.wt.) orally for 28 days was investigated in diabetic rats. insulin-treated diabetic rats (6 u/kg, i.p., 28 days.) ser ... | 2004 | 15013179 |
| analysis of insecticidal azadirachta indica a. juss. fractions. | as a result of chemical investigation on the ethanolic extract of fresh fruit coatings of azadirachta indica a. juss. (neem), twenty-seven compounds were identified in non-polar to less polar fractions which showed pesticidal activity determined by who method against anopheles stephensi liston. these identifications were basically made through gc-eims and were further supported by other spectroscopic techniques, including 13c nmr, uv and ftir as well as retention indices. thus sixteen n-alkanes, ... | 2009 | 15018062 |
| implication of reproductive endocrine malfunction in male antifertility efficacy of azadirachta indica extract in rats. | the effects of the ethanol extract of azadirachta indica stem bark on body and organ weights, sperm morphology, counts and viability, serum levels of testosterone, luteinizing hormone (lh), and follicle stimulating hormone (fsh) were studied in albino rats. intraperitoneal administration (i.p) of the extract for ten weeks caused significant dose-dependent decreases in weights of the testis, epididymis and seminal vesicles but an increase in that of the adrenal gland. sperm counts, morphology and ... | 2003 | 15032463 |
| neem (azadirachta indica) leaf mediated immune activation causes prophylactic growth inhibition of murine ehrlich carcinoma and b16 melanoma. | conditional growth inhibition of murine ehrlich carcinoma (ec) and b16 melanoma (b16mel) was observed, following treatment of mice (swiss and c57bl/6) with aqueous extract of neem (azadirachta indica) (1 unit/mice/week for 4 weeks) either before or after inoculation of 1 x 10(6) tumor cells. tumor inoculation after weekly injections for 4 weeks with neem leaf preparation (nlp) induced significant reduction of tumor growth (both ec and b16mel) and increased survivability of mice. on the other han ... | 2004 | 15037213 |
| protective effects of ethanolic neem leaf extract on n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine-induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in mice. | we evaluated the effects of pretreatment with ethanolic neem leaf extract on n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine (mnng)-induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in male swiss albino mice. the frequency of micronuclei (mn), concentrations of lipid peroxides and the status of the antioxidants, reduced glutathione (gsh), glutathione peroxidase (gpx) and glutathione-s-transferase (gst) were used as intermediate biomarkers of chemoprotection. animals were divided into four groups of five animals ea ... | 2004 | 15038245 |
| laboratory evaluation of methanolic extract of atlantia monophylla (family: rutaceae) against immature stages of mosquitoes and non-target organisms. | methanolic extracts of the leaves of atlantia monophylla (rutaceae) were evaluated for mosquitocidal activity against immature stages of three mosquito species, culex quinquefasciatus, anopheles stephensi, and aedes aegypti in the laboratory. larvae of cx. quinquefasciatus and pupae of an. stephensi were found more susceptible, with lc50 values of 0.14 mg/l and 0.05 mg/l, respectively. insect growth regulating activity of this extract was more pronounced against ae. aegypti, with ei50 value 0.00 ... | 2004 | 15057359 |
| management of root lesion nematode, pratylenchus delattrei in crossandra using oil cakes. | selected oil cakes, neem, castor and mahua, were tried independently and in combination with a chemical nematicide (carbofuran 3g) for the management of pratylenchus delattrei in crossandra under glass house conditions. the neem oil cake was effective compared to other oil cakes used and there was a synergistic effect when the neemcake was coupled with carbofuran 3g in the management of pratylenchus delattrei. the treatment resulted in better establishment of seedlings, and with increased plant ... | 2004 | 15062820 |
| some ecological implications of a neem (azadirachtin) insecticide disturbance to zooplankton communities in forest pond enclosures. | a neem-based insecticide, neemix 4.5, was applied to forest pond enclosures at concentrations of 10, 17, and 28 microg l(-1) azadirachtin (the active ingredient). at these test concentrations, significant, concentration-dependent reductions in numbers of adult copepods were observed, but immature copepod and cladoceran populations were unaffected. there was no evidence of recovery of adult copepods within the sampling season (may to october). the ecological significance of this disturbance to th ... | 2004 | 15063074 |
| inhibition of patulin production by penicillium expansum cultured with neem (azadirachta indica) leaf extracts. | aqueous extract of the leaves of neem [azadirachta indica a. juss (meliaceae)] was tested in vitro for antifungal activity against penicillium expansum. patulin production was inhibited during cultivation, when concentrations higher than 50 mg/ml of neem leaf extract was added to the culture medium. analyses of mycotoxin production were performed by tlc and hplc. fungal growth and colony characteristics, in the presence of the extract, were investigated and compared with extract-free cultures. | 2004 | 15069669 |
| effect of bacopa monniera and azadirachta indica on gastric ulceration and healing in experimental niddm rats. | gastric ulcers were induced in normal/niddm rats by various physical (2 hr cold restraint stress and 4 hr pylorus ligation) and chemical agents (ethanol, 1 ml/200 g, oral, 1 hr before; aspirin, 200 mg/kg, oral, 4 hr) and duodenal ulcers were induced by cysteamine (40 mg/200 g). ulcer healing activity was studied in gastric ulcers induced by acetic acid (50%) and hci (0.6 m). the result indicated that in both, normal and niddm rats, b. monniera extract (bme, 20-100 mg/kg) did not show any signifi ... | 2004 | 15088689 |
| chemopreventive potential of azadirachta indica (neem) leaf extract in murine carcinogenesis model systems. | numerous laboratory studies reveal that various naturally occurring dietary substances can modify the patho-physiological process of various metabolic disorders and can be an effective preventive strategy for various diseases, including cancer. indian neem tree, azadirachta indica a. juss. (family: meliaceae), contains at least 35 biologically active principles and is widely grown all over the tropics. the effect of two different doses (250 and 500 mg per kilogram body weight) of 80% ethanolic e ... | 2004 | 15099843 |
| ecological risk assessment of neem-based pesticides. | a tiered process was used to evaluate the risks of pure azadirachtin (aza) and two neem-based insecticides (neemix and bioneem) on six aquatic animals [crayfish (procambarus clarkii), white shrimp (penaeus setiferus), grass shrimp (palaemonetes pugio), blue crabs (callinectes sapidus), water fleas (daphnia pulex), and mosquito larvae (culex quinquefasciatus)] through short term acute toxicity tests. the risk was calculated using the level of concern endpoints (q values) and relative hazard index ... | 2004 | 15132337 |
| [mite sprays with neem oil--recommended?]. | 2004 | 15137590 | |
| pesticide exposure--indian scene. | use of pesticides in india began in 1948 when ddt was imported for malaria control and bhc for locust control. india started pesticide production with manufacturing plant for ddt and benzene hexachloride (bhc) (hch) in the year 1952. in 1958, india was producing over 5000 metric tonnes of pesticides. currently, there are approximately 145 pesticides registered for use, and production has increased to approximately 85,000 metric tonnes. rampant use of these chemicals has given rise to several sho ... | 2004 | 15138033 |
| an antimalarial extract from neem leaves is antiretroviral. | an acetone-water neem leaf extract with antimalarial activity was evaluated in vitro at 5 microg/ml for inhibition of adhesion of malaria parasite-infected erythrocytes and cancer cells to endothelial cells, and at 10 microg/ml for protection of lymphocytes against invasion by hiv. the extract was also evaluated in 10 patients with hiv/aids at 1000 mg daily for 30 d. the mean binding of infected erythrocytes and cancer cells per endothelial cell was 15 and 11 respectively in the absence of the e ... | 2004 | 15138081 |
| deterrent effects of four neem-based formulations on gravid female boll weevil (coleoptera: curculionidae) feeding and oviposition on cotton squares. | three commercial neem-based insecticides, agroneem, ecozin, and neemix, and a neem seed extract formulation, bitters, containing 1,036, 16,506, 471, and 223 microg/ml azadirachtin, respectively, were assessed for feeding and oviposition deterrence against gravid female boll weevils, anthonomus grandis grandis boheman, in the laboratory. in choice assays, excised cotton squares dipped in the separate formulations were first physically contacted by the weevils' tarsi or antennae fewer times than n ... | 2004 | 15154463 |
| comparison of anti-feedant and insecticidal activity of nimbin and salannin photo-oxidation products with neem (azadirachta indica) limonoids. | photo-oxidation of the neem limonoids nimbin and salannin with uv light in the presence of oxygen gives two isomeric lactone products per limonoid, nimbinolide and isonimbinolide, and salanninolide and isosalanninolide, respectively. when compared in insect tests with the important limonoids of neem seeds, azadirachtin, nimbin and salannin, isonimbinolide and isosalanninolide show activity greater than that of nimbin or salannin and in some respects show activity approaching that of azadirachtin ... | 2004 | 15154512 |
| genotoxic effects of cadmium chloride and azadirachtin treated singly and in combination in fish. | the genotoxic effects of cadmium chloride (cdcl(2)) and azadirachtin (aza) were assessed singly and conjointly in a fish, oreochromis mossambicus, with endpoints such as chromosome aberrations, abnormal red cell nuclei, abnormal sperm morphology, and protein content (both qualitative and quantitative) of selected tissues, namely, muscle, heart, eye, brain, gill, liver, spleen, and kidney. the primary objectives were, first, to examine if cdcl(2), a common pollutant, and aza, a natural product of ... | 2004 | 15157573 |
| azadirachta indica leaf powder as an effective biosorbent for dyes: a case study with aqueous congo red solutions. | in the present work, the leaves of azadirachta indica (locally known as the neem tree) in the form of a powder were investigated as a biosorbent of dyes taking aqueous congo red solution as a model system. the sorbent was made from mature neem leaves and was investigated in a batch reactor under variable system parameters such as concentration of the aqueous dye solution, agitation time, adsorbent amount, ph, and temperature. an amount of 0.6 g of the neem leaf powder (nlp) per litre could remov ... | 2004 | 15158285 |
| nimbidin suppresses functions of macrophages and neutrophils: relevance to its antiinflammatory mechanisms. | nimbidin is a mixture of tetranortriterpenes and is the major active principle of the seed oil of azadirachta indica a. juss (meliaceae) possessing potent antiinflammatory and antiarthritic activities. the present study revealed that nimbidin significantly inhibited some of the functions of macrophages and neutrophils relevant to the inflammatory response following both in vivo and in vitro exposure. oral administration of 5-25 mg/kg nimbidin to rats for 3 consecutive days significantly inhibite ... | 2004 | 15174005 |
| rapid synthesis of au, ag, and bimetallic au core-ag shell nanoparticles using neem (azadirachta indica) leaf broth. | we report on the use of neem (azadirachta indica) leaf broth in the extracellular synthesis of pure metallic silver and gold nanoparticles and bimetallic au/ag nanoparticles. on treatment of aqueous solutions of silver nitrate and chloroauric acid with neem leaf extract, the rapid formation of stable silver and gold nanoparticles at high concentrations is observed to occur. the silver and gold nanoparticles are polydisperse, with a large percentage of gold particles exhibiting an interesting fla ... | 2004 | 15178278 |
| neem--an omnipotent plant: a retrospection. | neem (azadirachta indica a. juss.) has universally been accepted as a wonder tree because of its diverse utility. multidirectional therapeutic uses of neem have been known in india since the vedic times. besides its therapeutic efficacies, neem has already established its potential as a source of naturally occurring insecticide, pesticide and agrochemicals. safe and economically cheaper uses of different parts of neem in the treatment of various diseases and in agriculture are discussed in this ... | 2004 | 15185362 |
| azadirachta indica adversely affects sperm parameters and fructose levels in vas deferens fluid of albino rats. | azadirachta indica treatment for 24 days in albino rats resulted in a decrease in the total sperm count, sperm motility, and forward velocity in vas deferens fluid. the percentage of abnormal sperm increased and the fructose content decreased. as diminished levels of fructose parallel androgen deficiency, we conclude that reduced androgen levels resulting from the anti-androgenic property of a. indica leaves probably influences the physiological maturation of sperm. | 2003 | 15198309 |
| the occurrence and allergising potential of airborne pollen in west bengal, india. | a continuous 2-year volumetric aerobiological survey was conducted in berhampore town, a centrally located and representative part of west bengal, india. the aim of the study was to assess the allergising potential of airborne pollen grains of west bengal. a total of 31 pollen types were identified of which poaceae (grasses) pollen showed maximum frequency, followed by cyperaceae, cassia sp., acacia auriculiformis, etc. the seasonal periodicities of the pollen types and their relationship to met ... | 2004 | 15236497 |
| use of plants to monitor contamination of air by so2 in and around refinery. | the generation of so2 from a refinery may affect the surrounding environment. moreover, so2 and its by-products are phytotoxic as berg. this study aims to investigate plant responses to so2. the work has been designed with emphasis on using the plants directly in monitoring the contamination of the atmospheric air by so2. an assessment was made of the impacts of long-term so2 emissions from an oil refinery on plants located in nearby areas that are likely to be exposed to emission fallout. three ... | 2004 | 15244337 |
| effect of herbal molluscicides and their combinations on the reproduction of the snail lymnaea acuminata. | effects of sublethal treatment (20 and 60% of lc50/24 h) of the plant-derived molluscicides annona squamosa linn. and lawsonia inermis linn. and their combinations with other herbal molluscicides, such as cedrus deodara roxb, azadirachta indica a. juss, bulb powder of allium sativum linn. and polianthes tuberosa linn., and oleoresin of zingiber officinale rosc., and acetogenins extracted from the seeds of a. squamosa linn., on the reproduction of the snail lymnaea acuminata have been studied. it ... | 2004 | 15253044 |
| safety evaluation of neem (azadirachta indica) derived pesticides. | the neem tree, azadirachta indica, provides many useful compounds that are used as pesticides and could be applied to protect stored seeds against insects. however in addition to possible beneficial health effects, such as blood sugar lowering properties, anti-parasitic, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer and hepatoprotective effects, also toxic effects are described. in this study we present a review of the toxicological data from human and animal studies with oral administration of different neem-b ... | 2004 | 15261960 |
| evaluation of calcium-alginate gel as an artificial diet medium for bioassays on common cutworms. | a calcium-alginate gel diet was developed for spodoptera litura larvae, and its reliability as a carrier for incorporating antifeedants as well as insecticides was investigated. the alginate gel diet was prepared with a simple protocol, which does not involve any heating process. when tested using this diet, acephate, a bacillus thuringiensis endotoxin formulation and rotenone reproducibly showed insecticidal activity against the larvae, while neem oil and scabequinone deterred the larval feedin ... | 2004 | 15264908 |
| mechanism of antiulcer effect of neem (azadirachta indica) leaf extract: effect on h+-k+-atpase, oxidative damage and apoptosis. | the mechanism of the antiulcer effect of neem leaf aqueous extract to block gastric lesions in rat has been studied with emphasis on acid secretion, oxidative damage and apoptosis. the extract dose-dependently inhibits gastric lesions induced by restraint-cold stress, indomethacin and ethanol. in stress ulcer model, it is more effective than ranitidine but less effective than omeprazole. it also dose-dependently blocks pylorus ligation and mercaptomethylimidazole-induced acid secretion. in the p ... | 2004 | 15265317 |
| lowering of blood sugar by water extract of azadirachta indica and abroma augusta in diabetes rats. | combination (1:1 ) of water extract of dried powder of root and leaves (200 mg/kg body wt) of a. augusta and a. indica respectively was administered orally to alloxan diabetic rats once a day for 8 weeks. this treatment caused significant lowering of blood sugar in fasted as estimated by glucose tolerance test. the treatment resulted in a significant reduction in serum lipids. aqueous extract also decreased the formation of lipid peroxides estimated as thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, (tb ... | 2003 | 15266913 |
| neem in human and plant disease therapy. | as a therapeutic agent, neem is one of the most popular trees in traditional medicinal systems and is increasingly becoming important in herbal alternative therapy. the tree itself is considered a "village pharmacy" because of the well-established fact that every part of the tree has an application in curing human diseases. the tree has been a constant source of novel and structurally unique phytochemicals that can constitute the basis for the development of novel pharmaco-therapeutic agents aga ... | 2002 | 15277086 |
| effects of azadirachtin/neemazal on different stages and adult life table parameters of trichogramma cacoeciae (hymenoptera: trichogrammatidae). | the effects of azadirachtin/neemazal on adults, emergence, and life table parameters of trichogramma cacoeciae marchal were studied. the adults were exposed to fresh residues of the insecticide applied on glass plates. based on the dose-response study, the lc50 value was 1330 ppm or 13.3 microg (ai)/ml. the effect of neemazal on three developmental stages of the parasitoid was tested by dipping parasitized sitotroga cerealella (olivier) and cydia pomonella (l.) eggs at the field-recommended conc ... | 2004 | 15279270 |
| behavioral and developmental effects of neem extracts on clavigralla scutellaris (hemiptera: heteroptera: coreidae) and its egg parasitoid, gryon fulviventre (hymenoptera: scelionidae). | extracts of neem, azadirachta indica a. juss, negatively affected feeding and development of clavigralla scutellaris (westwood), a coreid pest of pigeonpea, cajanus cajan (l.) millspaugh. labial dabbing, pod wall penetration, and seed damage by fifth instars were significantly reduced on beans, phaseolus vulgaris (l.), that had been dipped in aqueous, methanolic, or hexane extracts of neem seed kernel. when fourth instars were dipped directly into aqueous extract, developmental abnormalities of ... | 2004 | 15279272 |
| biological activity of volatile di-n-propyl disulfide from seeds of neem, azadirachta indica (meliaceae), to two species of stored grain pests, sitophilus oryzae (l.) and tribolium castaneum (herbst). | head space volatiles, including 73% di-n-propyl disulfide, were collected from freshly crushed neem seeds. this compound along with previously reported diallyl disulfide (di-2-propenyl disulfide) were toxic when applied topically or as a fumigant to tribolium castaneum adults and 8-, 12-, and 16-d-old larvae, and sitophilus oryzae adults. di-n-propyl disulfide significantly decreased the growth rate and dietary utilization with moderate inhibition of food consumption in both insects. the total c ... | 2004 | 15279303 |