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an insect cell line derived from the small brown planthopper supports replication of rice stripe virus, a tenuivirus.a cell line from the small brown planthopper (sbph; laodelphax striatellus) was established to study replication of rice stripe virus (rsv), a tenuivirus. the sbph cell line, which had been subcultured through 30 passages, formed monolayers of epithelial-like cells. inoculation of cultured vector cells with rsv resulted in a persistent infection. during viral infection in the sbph cell line, the viral non-structural protein ns3 co-localized with the filamentous ribonucleoprotein particles of rsv ...201323468422
the influence of typhoon khanun on the return migration of nilaparvata lugens (stål) in eastern china.migratory insects adapt to and exploit the atmospheric environment to complete their migration and maintain their population. however, little is known about the mechanism of insect migration under the influence of extreme weather conditions such as typhoons. a case study was conducted to investigate the effect of typhoon khanun, which made landfall in the eastern china in sept. 2005, on the migration of brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens (stål). the migration pathways of n. lugens were recons ...201323468954
the genome- and transcriptome-wide analysis of innate immunity in the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens.the brown planthopper (nilaparvata lugens) is one of the most serious rice plant pests in asia. n. lugens causes extensive rice damage by sucking rice phloem sap, which results in stunted plant growth and the transmission of plant viruses. despite the importance of this insect pest, little is known about the immunological mechanisms occurring in this hemimetabolous insect species.201323497397
mitochondrial cox sequences of nilaparvata lugens and sogatella furcifera (hemiptera, delphacidae): low specificity among asian planthopper populations.the brown planthoppers (bph) nilaparvata lugens (stål) and the white-backed planthoppers (wbph) sogatella furcifera (horváth) annually migrate from tropical and subtropical regions to temperate regions in asia, including japan, korea and northern china. to elucidate the genetic divergence based on geography of planthoppers and to estimate their migration route on the basis of molecular data, we analysed a part of their mitochondrial genome sequences. sequences of cytochrome oxidase subunit i (co ...201323537548
analysis of yeast-like symbiote diversity in the brown planthopper (bph), nilaparvata lugens stål, using a novel nested pcr-dgge protocol.yeast-like symbiotes (yls) are endosymbionts that are intimately associated with the growth, development, reproduction of their host, the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens (hemiptera: delphacidae). however, it is unclear how many species of yls are found within n. lugens, and how they are related to each other. traditional methods or simple amplification based on 18s rdna sequence does not reliably identify new species quickly and efficiently. therefore, a novel nested pcr-denaturing gradien ...201323549902
multi-generational effects of rice harboring bph15 on brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens.the brown planthopper (bph), nilaparvata lugens, is one of the most devastating rice pests in asia. resistant cultivars are an effective way of managing bph. bph15 is a bph resistance gene and has been introgressed into rice variety minghui 63 (mh63). the multi-generational effects of rice line mh63::15 (harboring bph15) on bph were investigated and compared with its parental line mh63.201423589438
detection of quantitative trait loci (qtls) for resistances to small brown planthopper and rice stripe virus in rice using recombinant inbred lines.small brown planthopper (sbph) and rice stripe virus (rsv) disease transmitted by sbph cause serious damage to rice (oryza sativa l.) in china. in the present study, we screened 312 rice accessions for resistance to sbph. the indica variety, n22, is highly resistant to sbph. one hundred and eighty two recombinant inbred lines (rils) derived from a cross of n22 and the highly susceptible variety, ussr5, were used for quantitative trait locus (qtl) analysis of resistances to sbph and rsv. in a mod ...201323591851
identification and biochemical characterization of laodelphax striatellus neutral ceramidase.ceramidases are a group of enzymes that catalyse hydrolysis of ceramides to generate fatty acid and sphingosine. in this study, we report the cloning and characterization of the rice small brown planthopper laodelphax striatellus neutral ceramidase (ncdase), lsncer. lsncer was identified by sequencing the transcriptome of l. striatellus and is a protein of 717 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 79.3 kda. similarly to other known ncdases, the optimum ph for lsncer is 8.0 and the opt ...201323601004
synthesis, insecticidal, and antibacterial activities of novel neonicotinoid analogs with dihydropyridine.nilaparvata lugens, a major pest in rice-growing areas, is extremely difficult to manage. neonicotinoids have increasingly been used in crop protection and animal health care against n. lugens. to discover new bioactive molecules and pesticides, we combined the active structure of cyanoacrylates, aromatic aldehydes, and substituted pyridyl (thiazolyl) methyl-2-substituted-methylidene-imidazolidine derivatives for the design and synthesis of a series of novel neonicotinoid analogs with dihydropyr ...201323621983
glutathione s-transferase of brown planthoppers (nilaparvata lugens) is essential for their adaptation to gramine-containing host plants.plants have evolved complex processes to ward off attacks by insects. in parallel, insects have evolved mechanisms to thwart these plant defenses. to gain insight into mechanisms that mediate this arms race between plants and herbivorous insects, we investigated the interactions between gramine, a toxin synthesized by plants of the family gramineae, and glutathione s transferase (gst), an enzyme found in insects that is known to detoxify xenobiotics. here, we demonstrate that rice (oryza sativa) ...201323700450
[sublethal effect of chlorantraniliprole on the experimental population of non-target insect nilaparvata lugens (stål)].chlorantraniliprole is a newly developed insecticide targeting at lepidopteron pests in rice fields, whereas nilaparvata lugens (stål) is one of the important non-target pests of the insecticide. in this paper, the rice stem dipping method was adopted to test the toxicity of chlorantraniliprole to the 3rd instar nymphs and adults of n. lugens. the lc50 of chlorantraniliprole to the 3rd instar nymphs and adults was 26.85 and 35.53 mg.l-1, respectively. when the 3rd instar nymph was exposed to the ...201323705404
development and preliminary application of a triplex real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for evaluating predation on three planthoppers in a rice ecosystem.a multiplex real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was developed to simultaneously detect the dna of three rice planthoppers, that is, sogatella furcifera (horváth) (white-backed planthopper), nilaparvata lugens (stål) (brown planthopper) and laodelphax striatellus (fallén) (small brown planthopper), in the gut of their predators. the sets of primers and allglo probes were targeted to the regions of internal transcribed spacer 2 (its2) genes in nuclear ribosomal dna (rdna). ...201323711378
[geographical populations of brown planthopper in nanning of south china and in vietnam: a comparative study].a comparison was made on the differences of the geographical populations of brown planthopper (bph), nilaparvata lugens (stål), collected from nanning of south china and from ha noi, ha tinh, hue, tp. ho chi minh, and song cuu long of vietnam. the bph populations from nanning, ha noi, ha tinh and hue could damage the rice varieties with bph1 and bph2 genes, whereas the bph populations from tp. ho chi minh and song cuu long showed stronger virulence to the rice varieties with bph1, bph2, bph3 and ...201323718009
insecticide susceptibilities in populations of two rice planthoppers, nilaparvata lugens and sogatella furcifera, immigrating into japan in the period 2005-2012.the brown planthopper nilaparvata lugens and the whitebacked planthopper sogatella furcifera are both important pests on rice throughout asia. the major cause of recent outbreaks is thought to be the development of insecticide resistance. thus, the authors monitored insecticide susceptibilities in populations of these two insects immigrating into japan in the period 2005-2012. ten insecticides were tested, including members of the organophosphate, carbamate, pyrethroid, neonicotinoid and phenylp ...201423754555
characterization of rice black-streaked dwarf virus- and rice stripe virus-derived sirnas in singly and doubly infected insect vector laodelphax striatellus.replication of rna viruses in insect cells triggers an antiviral defense that is mediated by rna interference (rnai) which generates viral-derived small interfering rnas (sirnas). however, it is not known whether an antiviral rnai response is also induced in insects by reoviruses, whose double-stranded rna genome replication is thought to occur within core particles. deep sequencing of small rnas showed that when the small brown planthopper (laodelphax striatellus) was infected by rice black-str ...201323776591
the genome sequence and transmission of an iflavirus from the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens.a previously unknown iflavirus has been identified in a laboratory colony of the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens. the iflavirus-like sequence was first identified in contig sequences obtained from transcriptome sequencing (rna-seq) of the brown planthopper. the complete viral genome was resequenced using the sanger method. the positive-strand rna genome was 10,937 nucleotides excluding the 3' poly(a) tail, and contained a single large open reading frame encoding coat proteins in the 5' reg ...201323777870
an injury equivalency system for establishing a common economic threshold for three species of rice planthoppers (hemiptera: delphacidae) in taiwan.the economic threshold (et) for multiple pest species that share the same injury type on host plants (feeding guild) has been proposed for decision-making in integrated management framework of many defoliating insect pests. however, only a few consider agricultural pests with sucking mouthparts. this study presents the first injury equivalency system for the feeding guild made up of three rice (oryza sativa l.) planthopper (hemiptera: delphacidae) species--nilaparvata lugens (stål), sogatella fu ...201323786072
conserved micrornas mir-8-5p and mir-2a-3p modulate chitin biosynthesis in response to 20-hydroxyecdysone signaling in the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens.molting is an important developmental process in insects, usually along with synthesis and degradation of chitin. 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e), an insect hormone, has been reported to contribute to many processes including molting. however, little is known about the link between the chitin biosynthesis pathway and 20e signaling. here, we report that conserved mir-8-5p (mir-8-5p) and mir-2a-3p and their new target genes are critical for ecdysone-induced chitin biosynthesis in a hemipteran insect nila ...201323796434
the complete mitochondrial genomes of two rice planthoppers, nilaparvata lugens and laodelphax striatellus: conserved genome rearrangement in delphacidae and discovery of new characteristics of atp8 and trna genes.nilaparvata lugens (the brown planthopper, bph) and laodelphax striatellus (the small brown planthopper, sbph) are two of the most important pests of rice. up to now, there was only one mitochondrial genome of rice planthopper has been sequenced and very few dependable information of mitochondria could be used for research on population genetics, phylogeographics and phylogenetic evolution of these pests. to get more valuable information from the mitochondria, we sequenced the complete mitochond ...201323799924
molecular cloning and characterization of a ryanodine receptor gene in brown planthopper (bph), nilaparvata lugens (stål).ryanodine receptors (ryrs) are a distinct class of intracellular calcium (ca(2+)) release channel. the recent discovery of diamide insecticides has prompted studies on insect ryrs. however, information about the structure and function of insect ryrs is still limited. in this study, we isolated and characterized a full-length ryr cdna (named nlryr) from the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens (stål) (homoptera: delphacidae), a serious rice pest throughout asia.201423893901
zero effect of bt rice on expression of genes coding for digestion, detoxification and immune responses and developmental performances of brown planthopper nilaparvata lugens (stål).transgenic cry1ac, cry2aa and cry1ca (bt toxins) rice lines are well developed to manage lepidopteron pests in china. the impact of transgenic bt rice on the non-target brown planthopper (bph) has become an essential part of environmental risk assessment, however, scanty evidence is found addressing on developmental and molecular responses of bph to the ingestion of bt protein from transgenic rice. the focus of the current study is to examine the developmental characteristics and the expression ...201323920284
evidence of sibling species between two host-associated populations of brown planthopper, n. lugens (stål) (homoptera: delphacidea) complex based on morphology and host-plant relationship studies.morphological and host-plant relationship studies were conducted to differentiate two sympatric populations of brown planthopper (bph), nilaparvata lugens, one from rice (oryza sativa) and the other from leersia hexandra, a weed grass. in morphometric studies based on esterase activities, an upgma dendrogram using 17 quantitative morphological characters, including stridulatory organs (courtship signal-producing organs) between two sympatric populations of n. lugens, one from rice and the other ...201323932255
transcriptome analysis of neuropeptides and g-protein coupled receptors (gpcrs) for neuropeptides in the brown planthopper nilaparvata lugens.the genes encoding neuropeptides, neurohormones and their putative g-protein coupled receptors were identified in the brown planthopper (bph), nilaparvata lugens (stål) by transcriptome analysis (rna-seq). forty-eight candidate genes were found to encode neuropeptides or peptide hormones. these include all known insect neuropeptides and neurohormones, with the exception of neuropeptide-like precursor 2 (nplp2) and trissin. the gene coding for prothoracicotropic hormone (ptth) was first identifie ...201423932938
genome-wide screening for components of small interfering rna (sirna) and micro-rna (mirna) pathways in the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens (hemiptera: delphacidae).the brown planthopper (bph), nilaparvata lugens, is a major rice pest in asia, and accumulated evidence indicates that this species is susceptible to rna interference (rnai); however, the mechanism underlying rnai and parental rnai has not yet been determined. we comprehensively investigated the repertoire of core genes involved in small interfering rna (sirna) and micro-rna (mirna) pathways in the bph by comparing its newly assembled transcriptome and genome with those of drosophila melanogaste ...201323937246
molecular characterization and gene functional analysis of dicer-2 gene from nilaparvata lugens (hemiptera: geometroidea).nilaparvata lugens (stål) (hemiptera: geometroidea), a serious rice pest in many countries of asia, causes a great loss in rice production every year. rna interference (rnai) is a powerful technology for gene function study in insects and a potential tool for pest control. as a core component of rnai pathway, dicer-2 (dcr-2) protein determines the production of small interfering rna (sirna) and is crucial for the efficiency of rnai. in this study, the full-length complementary dna (cdna) of n. l ...201323955826
biological and biochemical characterization of a red-eye mutant in nilaparvata lugens (hemiptera: delphacidae).a red-eye colony was established in our laboratory in brown planthopper (bph), nilaparvata lugens (stål), a major rice pest in asia. except for the red-eye phenotype, no other differences were observed between the wild-type (brown eye) and the mutant-type (red eye) in external characters. genetic analysis revealed that the red-eye phenotype was controlled by a single autosomal recessive allele. biological studies found that egg production and egg viability in the red-eye mutant colony were not s ...201423955841
various infection status and molecular evidence for horizontal transmission and recombination of wolbachia and cardinium among rice planthoppers and related species.wolbachia and cardinium are widely distributed and are considered important for their ability to disturb reproduction and affect other fitness-related traits of their hosts. by using multilocus sequence typing (mlst), rflp (restriction fragment length polymorphism) and 16s ribosomal dna gene sequencing methods, we extensively surveyed wolbachia and cardinium infection status of four predominant rice planthoppers and one kind of leafhopper in different rice fields. the results demonstrated that s ...201323955885
high temperature determines the ups and downs of small brown planthopper laodelphax striatellus population.small brown planthopper, laodelphax striatellus (fallén) numbers usually drop sharply in the summer and revive quickly in the autumn. however, it is unclear whether and how the high temperature plays a role in this process. the effects of durations of heat exposure (33°c) on life-history traits were examined here. exposure of adults for 1 day during the oviposition stage led to a very low survival of nymphs. the average longevity of l. striatellus exposed for 1-31 days from oviposition was signi ...201323955890
genome-wide analysis of nilaparvata lugens nymphal responses to high-density and low-quality rice hosts.the brown planthopper (bph) nilaparvata lugens is an economically important pest on rice plants. in this study, the higher population density and yellow-ripe stage of rice plants were used to construct adverse survival conditions (asc) against bph nymphs. simultaneously, the low population density and tillering stage of rice plants were used to establish a suitable survival condition (ssc) as a control. solexa/illumina sequencing was used to identify genes of bph nymphs responding to asc. signif ...201323956011
influence of rice black streaked dwarf virus on the ecological fitness of non-vector planthopper nilaparvata lugens (hemiptera: delphacidae).rice black streak dwarf virus (rbsdv) is transmitted by the small brown planthopper (sbph), laodelphax striatellus (fallen). non-vector rice brown planthopper (bph), nilaparvata lugens (stål), shares the same host rice plants with sbph in paddy fields. the changes in nutritional composition of rice plants infected by rbsdv and the ecological fitness of bph feeding on the infected plants were studied under both artificial climate chamber and field conditions. contents of 16 detected amino acids a ...201423956237
male killing caused by a spiroplasma symbiont in the small brown planthopper, laodelphax striatellus.spiroplasma-mediated late male killing was found in the small brown planthopper, laodelphax striatellus. female-biased colonies (maternal lines, n = 4) were established from planthoppers collected in taiwan and japan. this sex ratio distortion was maternally inherited (sex ratio of total number of progenies [female:male]: 488:0 in f1, 198:7 in f2, 407:0 in f3; likelihood ratio test of all generations, p < 0.0001) and caused by male death during nymphal stages. the female-biased colonies were dou ...201323975837
biochemical mechanisms of imidacloprid resistance in nilaparvata lugens: over-expression of cytochrome p450 cyp6ay1.imidacloprid is a key insecticide extensively used for control of nilaparvata lugens, and its resistance had been reported both in the laboratory selected strains and field populations. a target site mutation y151s in two nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits and enhanced oxidative detoxification have been identified in the laboratory resistant strain, contributing importantly to imidacloprid resistance in n. lugens. to date, however, imidacloprid resistance in field population is primarily ...201323994173
effects of two bt rice lines t2a-1 and t1c-19 on the ecological fitness and detoxification enzymes of nilaparvata lugens (hemiptera: delphacidae) from different populations.the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens stål (hemiptera: delphacidae), exhibits geographic and temporal variations in its virulence and damage characteristics on cultivated rice varieties, so the potential ecological risk of the nontarget effectiveness of bt rice on different brown planthopper populations should be addressed. the nontarget effects of two bt rice lines t2a-1 (cry2a rice) and t1c-19 (cry1c rice) on six brown planthopper populations with geographical, virulent, and resistant vari ...201324020307
proteolytic processing of bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry1ab in rice brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens (stål).to understand the low toxicity of cry toxins in planthoppers, proteolytic activation of cry1ab in nilaparvata lugens was studied. the proteolytic processing of cry1ab protoxin by n. lugens midgut proteases was similar to that by trypsin activated cry1ab. the cry1ab processed with n. lugens midgut proteases was highly insecticidal against plutella xylostella. however, cry1ab activated either by trypsin or the gut proteases of the brown planthopper showed low toxicity in n. lugens. binding analysi ...201324021715
southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus alters insect vectors' host orientation preferences to enhance spread and increase rice ragged stunt virus co-infection.in recent years, southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (srbsdv), a tentative species in the genus fijivirus (family reoviridae), has spread rapidly and caused serious rice losses in eastern and southeastern asia. with this virus spread, rice ragged stunt virus (rrsv, genus oryzavirus, family reoviridae) became more common in southern china, usually in co-infection with the former. srbsdv and rrsv are transmitted by two different species of planthoppers, white-backed planthopper (wbph, sogatel ...201424047253
knockdown of a putative halloween gene shade reveals its role in ecdysteroidogenesis in the small brown planthopper laodelphax striatellus.ecdysteroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e) plays fundamental roles in insect development and reproduction, whereas the primary role of ecdysone (e) is the precursor for 20e. a cytochrome p450 monooxygenase (cyp), encoded by a halloween gene shade (shd, cyp314a1), catalyzes the conversion of e into 20e in representative insect species in diptera, lepidoptera and orthoptera. we describe here the cloning and characterization of lsshd in a hemipteran insect species, the small brown planthopper lao ...201324055487
southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus: a white-backed planthopper-transmitted fijivirus threatening rice production in asia.southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (srbsdv), a non-enveloped icosahedral virus with a genome of 10 double-stranded rna segments, is a novel species in the genus fijivirus (family reoviridae) first recognized in 2008. rice plants infected with this virus exhibit symptoms similar to those caused by rice black-streaked dwarf virus. since 2009, the virus has rapidly spread and caused serious rice losses in east and southeast asia. significant progress has been made in recent years in understan ...201324058362
influences of chlorpyrifos on antioxidant enzyme activities of nilaparvata lugens.the brown planthoppers (nilaparvata lugens, bph) resistant to chlorpyrifos were selected in laboratory for eight generations. in the full course, the successive changes of activities of sod, cat and pod were analyzed. the analyses revealed that increasing of ld50 value was parallel to increasing of sod, cat, and pod, all of which increased gradually generation by generation. qrt-pcr showed that cat was not directly involved in chlorpyrifos detoxification, but could be transcriptionally induced b ...201324064262
complete genome sequences of two iflaviruses from the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens.the complete genome sequences of two new iflaviruses (genus iflavirus, family iflaviridae) were determined. these viral sequences were first identified in rna-seq contig sequences of nilaparvata lugens in two distinct colonies: izumo and kagoshima. the accuracy of the contig sequences of the two viruses was verified by restriction enzyme digestion of rt-pcr products from viruliferous insects. rt-pcr of rna extracted from honeydews after viruliferous insect feeding detected the expected viral pro ...201424065216
identification of a new locus conferring antixenosis to the brown planthopper in rice cultivar swarnalata (oryza sativa l.).the brown planthopper [nilaparvata lugens (stål); bph] has caused severe damage to rice production. the identification of resistance genes and the development of bph-resistant varieties are economical and effective ways to manage this pest. using an f2 population from a cross between the indica cultivars 93-11 and swarnalata, we mapped the qbph-8 locus to a 7.3-cm region on chromosome 8 in two tests, flanked by the markers rm339 and rm515. in this population, qbph-8 explained 7.7 and 6.6% of the ...201324065663
proteomic and transcriptomic analyses of fecundity in the brown planthopper nilaparvata lugens (stål).as an r-strategy insect species, the brown planthopper (bph) nilaparvata lugens (stål) is a serious pest of rice crops in the temperate and tropical regions of asia and australia, which may be due to its robust fecundity. here we combined 2-de comparative proteomic and rna-seq transcriptomic analyses to identify fecundity-related proteins and genes. using high- and low-fecundity populations as sample groups, a total of 54 and 75 proteins were significantly altered in the third and sixth day brac ...201324083549
biochemical and molecular characterisation and cross-resistance in field and laboratory chlorpyrifos-resistant strains of laodelphax striatellus (hemiptera: delphacidae) from eastern china.laboratory selection is often employed in resistance mechanism studies because field-derived populations commonly do not have high enough resistance for such studies. in the present study, a field-collected laodelphax striatellus population from eastern china was laboratory selected for chlorpyrifos resistance and susceptibility, and the developed strains, along with a field population, were studied for cross-resistance and resistance mechanisms at biochemical and molecular levels.201424115461
the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of sogatella furcifera (horváth) and a comparative mitogenomic analysis of three predominant rice planthoppers.the white-backed planthopper (wbph), sogatella furcifera (horváth), is one of the most destructive pests of rice crops in many asian countries. using long-pcr and shotgun library methods, we sequenced the entire mitochondrial genomes (mt-genomes) of two wbph individuals. total lengths of the mt-genome of the two wbph individuals were 16,612 bp and 16,654 bp with an identical at content of 76.19%. among the 13 protein coding genes (pcgs), only nad5 used an atypical initiation codon gtg. most of t ...201424120898
dicer1 is crucial for the oocyte maturation of telotrophic ovary in nilaparvata lugens (stål) (hemiptera: geometroidea).as a member of the rnase iii nucleases family, dicer1 (dcr1) protein plays an essential role in the production of micrornas (mirnas) and oocyte development. here, the full-length cdna of nilaparvata lugens dcr1 (nldcr1) was firstly cloned and analyzed, and then the function of nldcr1 gene was investigated by rnai. the open reading frame of nldcr1 cdna was 6,720 bp in length (genbank accession no. jx644040), which encoded for a protein of 2,239 amino acids. the nldcr1 transcripts were present in ...201324132808
single and fused transgenic bacillus thuringiensis rice alter the species-specific responses of non-target planthoppers to elevated carbon dioxide and temperature.the approval of transgenic bacillus thuringiensis (bt) rice by china was momentous for biotech crops, although it has yet to be approved for commercial production. non-target pest problems in rice paddies, such as the three ecologically similar species of planthoppers nilaparvata lugens, laodelphax striatellus and sogatella furcifera, could become increasingly serious under global climate change. fused (cry1ab/cry1ac) and single (cry1ab) transgenic bt rice were evaluated for effects on species-s ...201424136625
investigation on subcellular localization of rice stripe virus in its vector small brown planthopper by electron microscopy.rice stripe virus (rsv), which is transmitted by small brown planthopper (laodelphax striatellus fallén, sbph), has been reported to be epidemic and cause severe rice stripe disease in rice fields in many east asian countries, including china. investigation on viral localization in the vector is very important for elucidating transmission mechanisms of rsv by sbph. in this study, transmission electron microscopy and immuno-gold labeling technique were used to investigate the subcellular localiza ...201324139455
immunodetection of a brown planthopper (nilaparvata lugens stål) salivary catalase-like protein into tissues of rice, oryza sativa.saliva plays an important role in host plant-phloem-feeding insect molecular interactions. to better elucidate the role of insect saliva, a series of experiments were conducted to establish if catalase from the salivary glands of the brown planthopper (bph; nilaparvata lugens stål) was secreted into rice host plant tissue during feeding. catalase is the main enzyme that decomposes hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) at high concentrations. h2o2 is a part of the free radicals system that mediates important ...201424164290
synthesis and biological evaluation of nitromethylene neonicotinoids based on the enhanced conjugation.the neonicotinoids with a nitroconjugated system had excellent bioactivity, which could rival imidacloprid, and has been previously reported. however, the photodegradation and hydrolysis of this series of neonicotinoids was very quick according to our further investigation, which cannot be developed as a pesticide further. the approach to further enhance the conjugation was tried not only to increase the bioactivities but also to improve the stability in water and in the sun. a substituted pheny ...201324180522
development of monosomic alien addition lines and introgression of genes from oryza australiensis domin. to cultivated rice o. sativa l.oryza australiensis, a diploid wild relative of cultivated rice, is an important source of resistance to brown planthopper (bph) and bacterial blight (bb). interspecific hybrids between three breeding lines of o. sativa (2n=24, aa) and four accessions of o. australiensis (2n=24, ee) were obtained through embryo rescue. the crossability ranged from 0.25% to 0.90%. the mean frequency of bivalents at diakinesis/metaphase i in f1 hybrids (ae) was 2.29 to 4.85 with a range of 0-8 bivalents. f1 hybrid ...199424185889
rflp analysis of rice (oryza sativa l.) introgression lines.fifty-two introgression lines (bc2f8) from crosses between two oryza sativa parents and five accessions of o. officinalis were analyzed for the introgression of o. officinalis chromosome segments. dna from the parents and introgression lines was analyzed with 177 rflp markers located at approximately 10-cm intervals over the rice chromosomes. most probe/enzyme combinations detected rflps between the parents. of the 174 informative markers, 28 identified putative o. officinalis introgressed chrom ...199224201348
identification of himetobi p virus in the small brown planthopper by deep sequencing and assembly of virus-derived small interfering rnas.profiling and assembly of virus-derived small interfering rnas (sirnas) using next-generation sequencing technologies have been very useful for identification and diagnosis of a number of plant and invertebrate viruses. in this work, we have conducted high-throughput pyrosequencing and bioinformatic analysis of the small brown planthopper (sbph, laodelphax striatellus), and these analyses unexpectedly showed that the himetobi p virus (hipv) was present in our laboratory cultures. hipv was also f ...201424239755
comparative transcriptome analysis of salivary glands of two populations of rice brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens, that differ in virulence.the brown planthopper (bph), nilaparvata lugens (stål), a destructive rice pest in asia, can quickly overcome rice resistance by evolving new virulent populations. herbivore saliva plays an important role in plant-herbivore interactions, including in plant defense and herbivore virulence. however, thus far little is known about bph saliva at the molecular level, especially its role in virulence and bph-rice interaction.201324244529
diversity in steroidogenesis of symbiotic microorganisms from planthoppers.ergosta-5,7,24(28)-trien-3β-ol (trienol)6 was isolated from the intracellular symbiotes (symbiotic microorganisms) of the planthoppers,nilaparvata lugens andlaodelphax striatellus. the steroidogenic end product of the symbiotes was found to depend on the environmental conditions, i.e., although trienol6 was produced under symbiotic conditions, ergosterol4 was formed in aerobic culture. when the normal diet was replaced by a steroiddeficient artificial one, the ratio of 24-methylenecholesterol5 t ...199224254785
overexpression of rice black-streaked dwarf virus p7-1 in arabidopsis results in male sterility due to non-dehiscent anthers.rice black-streaked dwarf virus (rbsdv), a member of the genus fijivirus in the family reoviridae, is propagatively transmitted by the small brown planthopper (laodelphax striatellus fallén). rbsdv causes rice black-streaked dwarf and maize rough dwarf diseases, which lead to severe yield losses in crops in china. although several rbsdv proteins have been studied in detail, the functions of the nonstructural protein p7-1 are still largely unknown. to investigate the role of the p7-1 protein in v ...201324260239
molecular cloning and mrna expression of a ryanodine receptor gene in the cotton bollworm, helicoverpa armigera.ryanodine receptors (ryrs) are the targets of novel diamide insecticides. the cotton bollworm, helicoverpa armigera, is one of the most important cotton pests in the world. in this study, we report the full-length ryr cdna sequence (named as haryr) of h. armigera. the 16,083-bp contiguous sequence encoded 5, 142 amino acid residues, which shares 80% and 78% overall identities with its homologues in nilaparvata lugens (nlryr) and drosophila melanogaster (dmryr), respectively. all hallmarks of ryr ...201324267694
chemical association in symbiosis sterol donors in planthoppers.the role of intracellular symbionts contributing to their host has been investigated in the planthoppers,nilaparvata lugens stal andlaodelphax striatellus fallen. we have found that the isolated yeastlike symbionts, identified as a member of the genuscandida, from the host's egg produce ergosterol when cultured. a comparative study of sterols in the cultured symbionts, the host insects, aposymbiotic host insects, and dietary plants demonstrated that ergosterol produced in the symbiotes is provid ...198924271450
development and validation of a pcr-based functional marker system for the brown planthopper resistance gene bph14 in rice.brown planthopper (bph) is the most damaging rice pest globally. resistant varieties are the most effective and environmental strategy for protecting the rice crop from bph. functional markers (fms) designed from polymorphic sites within gene sequences affecting phenotypic variation are highly efficient when used for marker assisted selection (mas). bph14 is the first and only cloned insect resistance gene so far in rice. compared to the sequences of its non-effective alleles there are a number ...201324273431
single-feature polymorphism mapping of isogenic rice lines identifies the influence of terpene synthase on brown planthopper feeding preferences.bph3, a major brown planthopper (bph) resistance locus derived from the rice cultivar rathu heenati (rh), has been used as a stable donor of traits that improve highly susceptible aromatic rice varieties in thailand. map-based cloning was initiated using a set of isogenic lines (ils) harboring the major bph3 locus on chromosome 6. il genomes were scanned with a 57 k affymetrix rice genechip to identify the gene responsible for bph3.201324280452
rna interference-mediated silencing of a halloween gene spookier affects nymph performance in the small brown planthopper laodelphax striatellus.post-embryonic development of insects is highly dependent on ecdysteroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone. halloween gene spookier (spok, cyp307a2) has been documented to be involved in ecdysteroidogenesis in drosophila melanogaster and bombyx mori. we describe here the cloning and characterization of halloween gene spookier (lsspok, lscyp307a2) in the small brown planthopper laodelphax striatellus, a hemipteran insect species. lsspok has three insect-conserved p450 motifs, that is, helix-k, perf moti ...201524282064
molecular basis for insecticide-enhanced thermotolerance in the brown planthopper nilaparvata lugens stål (hemiptera:delphacidae).climate change is likely to have marked ecological effects on terrestrial ecosystems, including the activities of insect pests. most attention has focused on the increasing geographical ranges of pests; however, if extrinsic factors enhance their thermotolerance, populations may express increased voltinism and longer daily and annual activity periods. these changes in pest populations have the potential for severe consequences, including increased crop losses and decreased food security at the g ...201324303791
genetic analysis of brown planthopper resistance in twenty varieties of rice, oryza saliva l.the inheritance of resistance to brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens (stol.), of 20 rice cultivars was studied. single dominant genes that are allelic to bph 3 condition the resistance in cultivars 'ptb 19', 'gangala' (acc. 7733), 'gangala' (acc. 15207), 'horana mawee', 'kuruhondarwala', 'mudu kiriyal' and 'muthumanikam'. single recessive genes that are allelic to bph 4 govern the resistance in cultivars 'gambada samba', 'heenhoranamawee', 'hotel samba', 'kahata samba', 'kalukuruwee', 'lekam s ...197824309757
isolation ofc-glycosylflavones as probing stimulant of planthoppers in rice plant.three species of planthopper,nilaparvata lugens,sogatella furcifera, andlaodelphax striatellus, showed characteristic behavior of stylet probing in parenchymal tissues of plants. feeding experiments of planthoppers on aqueous sucrose solution containing the extract of rice plants or barnyard grass revealed the presence of the stimulant for the probing behavior in the plant tissues. eightc-glycosylflavones which stimulated stylet probing were isolated from rice plants. four of them were identifie ...198524310066
role of plant volatiles in resistance of selected rice varieties to brown planthopper,nilaparvata lugens (stål) (homoptera: delphacidae).rice plant volatiles extracted as steam distillates significantly affected the behavior and biology of the brown planthopper,nilaparvata lugens (stål). in a multichoice test, more females settled and fed on tillers of a susceptible rice variety "taichung native 1" (tn1), sprayed with its own extract or acetone than on tn1 tillers sprayed with the extract of the resistant variety "arc6650" or "ptb33." in another test,n. lugens females ingested significantly more of a 10% sucrose solution mixed wi ...198524311329
migration of rice planthoppers and their vectored re-emerging and novel rice viruses in east asia.this review examines recent studies of the migration of three rice planthoppers, laodelphax striatellus, sogatella furcifera, and nilaparvata lugens, in east asia. laodelphax striatellus has recently broken out in jiangsu province, eastern china. the population density in the province started to increase in the early 2000s and peaked in 2004. in 2005, rice stripe virus (rsv) viruliferous rate of l. striatellus peaked at 31.3%. since then, rice stripe disease spread severely across the whole prov ...201324312081
actin-mediated transovarial transmission of a yeastlike symbiont in the brown planthopper.the brown planthopper nilaparvata lugens (hemiptera, delphacidae) harbors an obligate endosymbiont called the yeastlike symbiont (yls) in their abdominal fat body. yls, a filamentous ascomycete belonging to the family clavicipitaceae, does not spend any part of its life cycle outside the planthopper's body. the yls is transferred to the next generation via transovarial transmission; it enters the epithelial plug at the posterior end of the host female's ovariole and is transferred to her offspri ...201424315960
characterization of the distal-less gene homologue, nldll, in the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens (stål).the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens (stål), is a globally devastating insect pest of rice, particularly in eastern asia. distal-less or dll is a highly conserved and well studied transcription factor required for limb formation in invertebrates and vertebrates. we have identified a homologue of this gene, nldll, and demonstrated that it is expressed in all life stages of n. lugens, particularly in adult brachypterous females. when we compared between specific adult tissues it was expressed ...201424321689
unusual characteristics of dicistrovirus-derived small rnas in the small brown planthopper, laodelphax striatellus.in this study, sequences of small rna (srna) libraries derived from the insect vector laodelphax striatellus were assembled into contigs and used as queries for database searches. a large number of contigs were highly homologous to the genome sequence of an insect dicistrovirus, himetobi p virus (hipv). interestingly, hipv-derived srnas had a wide size distribution, and were relatively abundant throughout the 18-30 nt size range with only a slight peak at 22 nt. hipv srnas had a strong bias towa ...201424323637
overexpression of multiple detoxification genes in deltamethrin resistant laodelphax striatellus (hemiptera: delphacidae) in china.the small brown planthopper (sbph), laodelphax striatellus (fallén), is one of the major rice pests in asia and has developed resistance to multiple classes of insecticides. understanding resistance mechanisms is essential to the management of this pest. biochemical and molecular assays were performed in this study to systematically characterize deltamethrin resistance mechanisms with laboratory-selected resistant and susceptible strains of sbph.201324324548
constructing the major biosynthesis pathways for amino acids in the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens stål (hemiptera: delphacidae), based on the transcriptome data.nilaparvata lugens is a serious phloem-feeding pest of rice throughout asia. rice phloem sap can meet its nutrition requirement for sugars but not for some essential amino acids such as isoleucine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, lysine, arginine and histidine. n. lugens harbours yeast-like symbionts in mycetocytes formed by abdominal fat body cells. removal of the symbionts results in negative physiological effects, suggesting that the symbionts play a pivotal role in the nitrog ...201424330026
feeding-induced interactions between nilaparvata lugens and laodelphax striatellus (hemiptera: delphacidae): effects on feeding behavior and honeydew excretion.using electrical penetration graph, salivary flange, and honeydew measurement, this study investigated the effects of feeding-induced intra- and interspecific interactions on feeding behavior and honeydew excretion of brown planthopper (nilaparvata lugens) compared with small brown planthopper (laodelphax striatellus). results showed that many measures of feeding behavior were affected by feeding-induced intra- and interspecific interactions on two different rice varieties. there were significan ...201324331608
comparative transcriptome analysis of two rice varieties in response to rice stripe virus and small brown planthoppers during early interaction.rice stripe, a virus disease, transmitted by a small brown planthopper (sbph), has greatly reduced production of japonica rice in east asia, especially in china. although we have made great progress in mapping resistance genes, little is known about the mechanism of resistance. by de novo transcriptome assembling, we gained sufficient transcript data to analyze changes in gene expression of early interaction in response to sbph and rsv infection in rice. respectively 648 and 937 degs were detect ...201324358146
design, synthesis, crystal structures, and insecticidal activities of eight-membered azabridge neonicotinoid analogues.three series of novel azabridge neonicotinoid analogues were designed and synthesized, which were constructed by starting material a, glutaraldehyde, and primary amine hydrochlorides (aliphatic amines, phenylhydrazines, and anilines). most of the eight-membered azabridge compounds presented higher insecticidal activities than oxabridged compound b against cowpea aphid (aphis craccivora) and brown planthopper (nilaparvata lugens). compared with imidacloprid, some azabridged compounds exhibited ex ...201424364696
cell culture of the rice brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens stål (hemiptera: delphacidae).the rice brown planthopper (bph), nilaparvata lugens (stål), is one of the most destructive insect pests of rice in asia. although resistant rice varieties can be effective in managing planthopper populations, bph has repeatedly been able to overcome resistant rice varieties. it is possible that bph adaptation to resistant rice varieties may be related to its endosymbionts. we investigated methods for culturing bph cells in order to study in-depth interactions between rice, bph, and its endosymb ...201424399256
the 9-lipoxygenase osr9-lox1 interacts with the 13-lipoxygenase-mediated pathway to regulate resistance to chewing and piercing-sucking herbivores in rice.oxylipins produced by the 13-lipoxygenase (lox) have been reported to play an important role in plant defense responses to herbivores. yet, the role of oxylipins produced by the 9-lox pathway in this process remains largely unknown. here we cloned a gene encoding a chloroplast-localized 9-lox, osr9-lox1, from rice. transcriptional analysis revealed that herbivore infestation, mechanical wounding and jasmonic acid (ja) treatment either repressed or did not enhance the level of osr9-lox1 transcrip ...201424410960
de novo analysis of the nilaparvata lugens (stål) antenna transcriptome and expression patterns of olfactory genes.we sequenced the antenna transcriptome of the brown planthopper (bph), nilaparvata lugens (stål), a global rice pest, and performed transcriptome analysis on bph antenna. we obtained about 40million 90bp reads that were assembled into 75,874 unigenes with a mean size of 456bp. among the antenna transcripts, 32,856 (43%) showed significant similarity (e-value <1e(-5)) to known proteins in the ncbi database. gene ontology and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (kegg) analyses were used to cla ...201424440828
selection and evaluation of potential reference genes for gene expression analysis in the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens (hemiptera: delphacidae) using reverse-transcription quantitative pcr.the brown planthopper (bph), nilaparvata lugens (hemiptera, delphacidae), is one of the most important rice pests. abundant genetic studies on bph have been conducted using reverse-transcription quantitative real-time pcr (qrt-pcr). using qrt-pcr, the expression levels of target genes are calculated on the basis of endogenous controls. these genes need to be appropriately selected by experimentally assessing whether they are stably expressed under different conditions. however, such studies on p ...201424466124
feeding-induced interactions between two rice planthoppers, nilaparvata lugens and sogatella furcifera (hemiptera: delphacidae): effects on feeding and honeydew excretion.a series of laboratory experiments was conducted using electrical penetration graph, salivary flange, and honeydew measurement to study the effects of feeding-induced intra- and interspecific interactions on feeding behavior and honeydew excretion between planthoppers nilaparvata lugens (stål) and sogatela furcifera (horváth). feeding-induced intra- and interspecific interactions affected many measures of feeding behavior. the number of salivary flanges, mean duration of pathway activities per i ...201324468558
development of continuous cell culture of brown planthopper to trace the early infection process of oryzaviruses in insect vector cells.rice ragged stunt virus (rrsv), an oryzavirus in the family reoviridae, is transmitted by the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens, in a persistent-propagative manner. here, we established a continuous cell line of brown planthopper to investigate the mechanism underlying the formation of the viroplasm, the putative site for viral replication and assembly, during infection of rrsv in its insect vector cells. within 24 h of viral infection of cultured cells, the viroplasm had formed and containe ...201424478421
small brown planthopper resistance loci in wild rice (oryza officinalis).host-plant resistance is the most practical and economical approach to control the rice planthoppers. however, up to date, few rice germplasm accessions that are resistant to the all three kinds of planthoppers (1) brown planthopper (bph; nilaparvata lugens stål), (2) the small brown planthopper (sbph; laodelphax striatellus fallen), and (3) the whitebacked planthopper (wbph, sogatella furcifera horvath) have been identified; consequently, the genetic basis for host-plant broad spectrum resistan ...201424504629
rna interference of nadph-cytochrome p450 reductase of the rice brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens, increases susceptibility to insecticides.nadph-cytochrome p450 reductase (cpr) is essential for numerous biological reactions catalysed by microsomal cytochrome p450 monooxygenases (p450s). knockdown of cpr in several insects leads to developmental defects and increased susceptibility to insecticides. however, information about the role of cpr in the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens, is still unavailable.201524515640
nonstructural protein ns4 of rice stripe virus plays a critical role in viral spread in the body of vector insects.rice stripe virus (rsv), a tenuivirus, is transmitted by small brown planthopper (sbph) in a persistent-propagative manner. in this study, sequential infection of rsv in the internal organs of sbph after ingestion of virus indicated that rsv initially infected the midgut epithelium, and then progressed to the visceral muscle tissues, through which rsv spread to the entire alimentary canal. finally, rsv spread into the salivary glands and reproductive system. during viral infection, the nonstruct ...201424523924
transcriptome analysis of fat bodies from two brown planthopper (nilaparvata lugens) populations with different virulence levels in rice.the brown planthopper (bph), nilaparvata lugens (stål), one of the most serious rice insect pests in asia, can quickly overcome rice resistance by evolving new virulent populations. the insect fat body plays essential roles in the life cycles of insects and in plant-insect interactions. however, whether differences in fat body transcriptomes exist between insect populations with different virulence levels and whether the transcriptomic differences are related to insect virulence remain largely u ...201424533099
outbreaks of the brown planthopper nilaparvata lugens (stål) in the yangtze river delta: immigration or local reproduction?an effective control strategy for migratory pests is difficult to implement because the cause of infestation (i.e., immigration or local reproduction) is often not established. in particular, the outbreak mechanisms of the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens (stål), an insect causing massive losses in rice fields in the yangtze river delta in china, are frequently unclear. field surveys of n. lugens were performed in jiangsu and zhejiang provinces in 2008 to 2010 and related historical data fr ...201424558459
phloem-specific expression of the lectin gene from allium sativum confers resistance to the sap-sucker nilaparvata lugens.rice production is severely hampered by insect pests. garlic lectin gene (asal) holds great promise in conferring protection against chewing (lepidopteran) and sap-sucking (homopteran) insect pests. we have developed transgenic rice lines resistant to sap-sucking brown hopper (nilaparvata lugens) by ectopic expression of asal in their phloem tissues. molecular analyses of t0 lines confirmed stable integration of transgene. t1 lines (np 1-2, 4-3, 11-6 & 17-7) showed active transcription and trans ...201424563293
brown planthopper nudivirus dna integrated in its host genome.the brown planthopper (bph), nilaparvata lugens (hemiptera:delphacidae), is one of the most destructive insect pests of rice crops in asia. nudivirus-like sequences were identified during the whole-genome sequencing of bph. pcr examination showed that the virus sequences were present in all of the 22 bph populations collected from east, southeast, and south asia. thirty-two of the 33 nudivirus core genes were identified, including 20 homologues of baculovirus core genes. in addition, several gen ...201424574410
life table and population parameters of nilaparvata lugens stal. (homoptera: delphacidae) on rice.survival and fertility characteristics of the brown planthopper (bph), nilaparvata lugens were assessed in the laboratory and field. life tables and population parameters of the bph were constructed in an environment with unlimited food supply and that was free of natural enemies. the highest mortality occurred in the immature stage, especially in the first and second instars. the life table analysis showed that the population density of bph decreased gradually. the survival ratio of male to fem ...201124575207
differential mechanisms of action of the novel γ-aminobutyric acid receptor antagonist ectoparasiticides fluralaner (a1443) and fipronil.fluralaner (a1443) is an isoxazoline ectoparasiticide that is a novel antagonist of γ-aminobutyric acid (gaba) receptors (gabars), with a potency comparable to that of fipronil, a phenylpyrazole ectoparasiticide. to clarify the biological effectiveness of fluralaner against fipronil-resistant pests, differences in the actions of fluralaner and fipronil on gabars that possess resistance to dieldrin (rdl)-type mutations were evaluated.201524591229
transovarial transmission of a plant virus is mediated by vitellogenin of its insect vector.most plant viruses are transmitted by hemipteroid insects. some viruses can be transmitted from female parent to offspring usually through eggs, but the mechanism of this transovarial transmission remains unclear. rice stripe virus (rsv), a tenuivirus, transmitted mainly by the small brown planthopper (laodelphax striatellus), is also spread to the offspring through the eggs. here, we used the rsv-planthopper system as a model to investigate the mechanism of transovarial transmission and demonst ...201424603905
will climate change affect outbreak patterns of planthoppers in bangladesh?recently, planthoppers outbreaks have intensified across asia resulting in heavy rice yield losses. the problem has been widely reported as being induced by insecticides while other factors such as global warming that could be potential drivers have been neglected. here, we speculate that global warming may increase outbreak risk of brown planthopper (nilaparvata lugens stål.). we present data that demonstrate the relationship between climate variables (air temperature and precipitation) and the ...201424618677
a halloween gene shadow is a potential target for rna-interference-based pest management in the small brown planthopper laodelphax striatellus.laodelphax striatellus is an economically important rice pest in china. ecdysteroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone regulates insect development and reproduction. the cytochrome p450 monooxygenase shadow (sad) plays a critical role in ecdysteroidogenesis. here, tests were conducted to establish whether lssad was a potential target gene for rna-interference-based management of l. striatellus.201524648012
an alternative suite of universal primers for genotyping in multiplex pcr.the universal primer three-primer approach can dramatically reduce the cost when genotyping the microsatellites. one former research reported four universal primers that can be used in singleplex and multiplex genotyping. in this study, we proposed an alternative suite of universal primers with four dyes for genotyping 8-12 loci in one single run. this multiplex method was tested on tetranychus truncatus. published microsatellite loci of t. kanzawai, frankliniella occidentalis and nilaparvata lu ...201424658225
heavy metal bioaccumulation and mobility from rice plants to nilaparvata lugens (homoptera: delphacidae) in china.samples of soils, rice plants, and the adult, long-winged, brown planthoppers, nilaparvata lugens (stål) (homoptera: delphacidae), were collected from 18 sites of 9 regions in southern china. the concentrations of seven elements (cu, zn, as, mo, ag, cd, and pb) were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. heavy metal mobility and bioaccumulation were analyzed in the rice plant-n. lugens system. the concentrations of zn, as, cd, and pb in rice plants were positively correlate ...201424735989
the content of amino acids in artificial diet influences the development and reproduction of brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens (stål).nitrogen availability from dietary protein has profound effects on the physiology and ecology of insect herbivores. the amount of amino acids consumed by nilaparvata lugens impacts its phenotypic characteristics and reproduction. in this work, we hypothesized that amino acids deficiency leads to physiological trade-offs between survival and reproduction. we investigated the effect of larval nutrition on larval period, wing dimorphism, egg production, ovarian development, lifespan, and stored nut ...201424753101
heat-dependent fecundity enhancement observed in nilaparvata lugens (hemiptera: delphacidae) after treatment with triazophos.the brown planthopper nilaparvata lugens (stål) (hemiptera: delphacidae) is a serious pest of rice crops in the temperate and tropical regions of asia and australia, and it is also a classic example of an insecticide-induced resurgent pest. brown planthopper outbreaks have been reported to be closely associated with pesticide application. previous studies have shown that the insecticide triazophos enhances thermal tolerance and fecundity in brown planthopper. however, the effects of triazophos a ...201424763100
infection route of rice grassy stunt virus, a tenuivirus, in the body of its brown planthopper vector, nilaparvata lugens (hemiptera: delphacidae) after ingestion of virus.rice grassy stunt virus (rgsv), a tenuivirus, is transmitted by the brown planthopper (bph), nilaparvata lugens (hemiptera, delphacidae), in a persistent-propagative manner. in this study, immunofluorescence microscopy was used to investigate the infection route of rgsv in the internal organs of bph after acquiring the virus by feeding on rgsv-infected rice plants. the sequential infection study revealed that rgsv initially infected the midgut epithelium, then crossed the basal lamina into the m ...201424768845
osmpk3 is a tey-type rice mapk in group c and phosphorylates osbhlh65, a transcription factor binding to the e-box element.osmpk3 is a tey-type rice mapk belonging to group c and directly phosphorylates osbhlh65 in the nucleus. osmpk3 and osbhlh65 are induced by biotic stress and defense-related hormones. mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks) are involved in the majority of signaling pathways that regulate plant development and stress tolerance via the phosphorylation of target molecules. plant mapks are classified into two subtypes, tey and tdy, according to the txy (x = e or d) motif in their activation loop, ...201424777821
genetic mapping of the rice resistance-breaking gene of the brown planthopper nilaparvata lugens.host plant resistance has been widely used for controlling the major rice pest brown planthopper (bph, nilaparvata lugens). however, adaptation of the wild bph population to resistance limits the effective use of resistant rice varieties. quantitative trait locus (qtl) analysis was conducted to identify resistance-breaking genes against the anti-feeding mechanism mediated by the rice resistance gene bph1. qtl analysis in iso-female bph lines with single-nucleotide polymorphism (snp) markers dete ...201424870048
genome-wide mapping of virulence in brown planthopper identifies loci that break down host plant resistance.insects and plants have coexisted for over 350 million years and their interactions have affected ecosystems and agricultural practices worldwide. variation in herbivorous insects' virulence to circumvent host resistance has been extensively documented. however, despite decades of investigation, the genetic foundations of virulence are currently unknown. the brown planthopper (nilaparvata lugens) is the most destructive rice (oryza sativa) pest in the world. the identification of the resistance ...201424911169
synergism between southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus and rice ragged stunt virus enhances their insect vector acquisition.southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (srbsdv), a tentative species in the genus fijivirus, family reoviridae, is a novel rice virus transmitted by the white-backed planthopper (sogatella furcifera). since its discovery in 2001, srbsdv has spread rapidly throughout eastern and southeastern asia and caused large rice losses in china and vietnam. rice ragged stunt virus (rrsv) (genus oryzavirus, family reoviridae) is a common rice virus vectored by the brown planthopper (nilaparvata lugens). rr ...201424915431
molecular analysis of oryza latifolia desv. (ccdd genome)-derived introgression lines and identification of value-added traits for rice (o. sativa l.) improvement.oryza latifolia is a tetraploid wild oryza species with a ccdd genome that has been reported to harbor resistance to bacterial blight (bb), brown planthopper, and whitebacked planthopper. aside from these traits, o. latifolia is also being tapped as a new source of resistance to lodging and high biomass production. to explore the genetic potential of o. latifolia as a novel genetic resource for the improvement of existing o. sativa cultivars, 27 disomic derivatives of o. latifolia monosomic alie ...201524939891
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