Publications

radiographic appearance of chlamydia pneumoniae (twar strain) respiratory infections. cbpis study group. community-based pneumonia incidence study.	to report the spectrum of radiographic findings associated with a new respiratory pathogen: chlamydia pneumoniae (twar strain).	1994	8058954
[serodiagnosis of chlamydia trachomatis and chlamydia pneumoniae. evaluation comparing 2 methods: microimmunofluorescence and elisa. a study of 216 congolese sera].	our purpose was to compare two assays for c. trachomatis and c. pneumoniae serology: immunofluorescence and elisa. with both assays, we tested 216 sera from two populations: risk population of std (sexually transmitted disease) (women) and a control population "blood donors". positives percentages of each population were compared by two assays: 87% in mif and 76% in elisa (women population); 64.8% in mif and 53.7% in elisa (blood donors population). results were not significantly different. in c ...	1994	8061532
[the prevalence of anti-chlamydia trachomatis and anti-chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies in brazzaville].	the prevalence study of antibodies to chlamydia trachomatis and chlamydia pneumoniae in brazzaville were screened from 108 women (56 pregnant women, 18 infertile women and 34 women affected with genital tract infections) and 108 blood donors (control subjects) by indirect microimmunofluorescent assay. 57.4% of studied women were carrying chlamydia trachomatis antibodies, and 51.8% had c. pneumoniae antibodies. prevalence of chlamydia antibodies by women group studied was estimated to be: in preg ...	1994	8061533
[lung infections in children. iv. pneumonia due to chlamydia pneumoniae].	chlamydia pneumoniae is the third strain of chlamydia and transmission is presumed to be by droplet spread from symptomatic patients. the authors show a literature scientific review on subject-matter emphasizing several sporadic and epidemic case of illness in every age, first months excepted. the described cases are few and therefore clinical characteristics are shadowy. certain clinical features are suggesting of severe pneumonia with fever and pharyngitis without exudate. in the childhood and ...	1994	8090147
prevalence of chlamydia pneumoniae in acute lower respiratory infection in the pediatric population in japan.	chlamydia pneumoniae has been established as an important etiologic agent of acute respiratory tract infection in humans, especially in adults. however, there is little information available on c. pneumoniae infection in the pediatric age group. the microimmunofluorescence test and chlamydia pneumoniae-specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method were applied to reveal the role of c. pneumoniae as an etiologic agent of acute lower respiratory tract infection in children in japan. among 136 pa ...	1994	8091972
infection as a cause of asthma.		1994	8092566
in vitro activities of opc-17116, a new quinolone; ofloxacin; and sparfloxacin against chlamydia pneumoniae.	the in vitro susceptibilities of 12 strains of chlamydia pneumonia to a new quinolone, opc-17116; ofloxacin; and sparfloxacin were determined. opc-17116 was slightly less active than sparfloxacin but more active than ofloxacin, with a mic for 90% of strains tested and a minimal chlamydiacidal concentration for 90% of strains tested of 0.5 micrograms/ml.	1994	8092845
increasing prevalence of specific antibodies to chlamydia pneumoniae in sweden.		1993	8094155
chlamydia pneumoniae and atherosclerosis.		1993	8096020
restriction fragment length polymorphisms of rrna as genetic markers to differentiate chlamydia spp.	restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps) of rrna genes of chlamydia spp. were analyzed. a southern analysis of chromosomal dna digests with cloned rrna gene probes revealed the presence of one locus for rrna genes on chromosomal dnas in chlamydia psittaci, chlamydia pecorum, and chlamydia pneumoniae and two loci in chlamydia trachomatis. the rflps of rrna genes were characteristic for each chlamydia sp. dna probes cloned from flanking regions of the rrna genes of avian c. psittaci hybri ...	1993	8102247
diagnostic value of rapid detection of chlamydia trachomatis by using amplified enzyme immunoassay in infants with respiratory infections.	the diagnostic value of amplified enzyme immunoassay (ideia chlamydia test) was compared with that of standard tissue culture in specimens obtained from pediatric patients. of 286 clinical specimens, chlamydial antigen was detected in 34 by ideia chlamydia. chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from 30 specimens and c. pneumoniae from one specimen. ideia had excellent sensitivity and specificity relative to cell culture.	1993	8112033
lack of evidence of chlamydia pneumoniae infection in infants with acute lower respiratory tract disease.	in order to determine whether there is serologic evidence of chlamydia pneumoniae infection in young infants with acute lower respiratory tract infection, serum samples from 86 subjects aged less than 6 months were assayed for igg and igm antibodies to chlamydia pneumoniae using a microimmunofluorescence method. infants hospitalized in toronto, canada, were enrolled between 15 march 1991 and 15 march 1992. no patient had infection determined by the serologic results. igg antibody was detected at ...	1993	8112356
remarkable sequence relatedness in the dna encoding the major outer membrane protein of chlamydia psittaci (koala type i) and chlamydia pneumoniae.	dna encoding the major outer membrane protein (momp) of the koala type-i strain of chlamydia psittaci (pathogen responsible for blindness and infertility in koalas) was cloned and sequenced. comparison with momp gene sequences from other chlamydial species revealed a remarkable degree of homology (> 97%) with that of the human pathogen, chlamydia pneumoniae. in comparison, the sequence only shared 75% dna sequence homology with other c. psittaci members and 69% homology with c. trachomatis. the ...	1994	8125292
the in-vitro activity of a new highly active quinolone, du-6859a.		1993	8125840
[hypoxemic pneumopathy caused by chlamydia pneumoniae].		1993	8127805
chlamydia pneumoniae--a new causative agent of reactive arthritis and undifferentiated oligoarthritis.	to examine whether reactive arthritis (rea) known to occur after a urogenital infection with chlamydia trachomatis can also follow an infection with chlamydia pneumoniae, a recently described species of chlamydiae that is a common cause of respiratory tract infections.	1994	8129453
outbreak of chlamydia pneumoniae infection in former injection-drug users.	in a retrospective analysis of lower respiratory tract infections in an ex-injection-drug users community, we found an outbreak (april to july 1991) of chlamydia pneumoniae infection. the epidemic occurred in a group of 26 community members (23 men and 3 women, mean age, 28.9--3 years) living and working together, who underwent acute and convalescent serologic tests for mycoplasma pneumoniae, legionella pneumophila, cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, coxiella burnetii, and chlamydia pneumoniae. all su ...	1994	8131545
pathogenetic mechanisms and epidemiology of chlamydia pneumoniae.	the antibody prevalence data indicate that c. pneumoniae infections are common worldwide and more frequently occur in middle-aged and elderly males than in females. c. pneumoniae infections are first acquired in childhood in heavily populated areas, whereas in northern countries, first infections are generally at teenage and in scandinavia, typically at the time of military service. all chlamydial species tend to cause chronic infections, with severe sequelae developing 10 to 50 years after the ...	1993	8131790
chlamydia pneumoniae infection as a risk factor in acute myocardial infarction.	while early observations on the possible connection between chlamydia and arteriosclerosis remain unnoticed, it was found recently that in acute myocardial infarction (ami) a sero response to an epitope of chlamydial lipopolysaccharide (lps) could be demonstrated in about 70% of cases. moreover, steadily elevated titres against chlamydia pneumoniae in patient sera pointed to a possibility that chronic infection due to the agent was exacerbated in ami. this assumption has been further supported b ...	1993	8131791
chlamydia pneumoniae, strain twar and atherosclerosis.	infection with chlamydia pneumoniae, strain twar, has been associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in two types of investigations, seroepidemiological and morphological-molecular. a series of seroepidemiological studies from finland and the united states have shown a statistically significant association between several types of twar antibody, including immune complexes, and atherosclerotic disease of the coronary and carotid arteries. the morphological-molecular studies have show ...	1993	8131792
chlamydial serology in genital infections: immunocomb versus ipazyme.	the immunocomb chlamydia trachomatis igg/iga (orgenics, israel) is a new serologic test using c. trachomatis l2 elementary bodies (washington research foundation, seattle) as antigen. the ipazyme igg/iga test (savyon, israel) employs whole cells with c. trachomatis l2 inclusions, i.e. elementary and reticulate bodies. theoretically, the immunocomb is expected to be less cross-reactive (lps) with chlamydia pneumoniae than the ipazyme (lps and reticulate body group specific antigens). compared wit ...	1993	8132368
[experimental study on the mechanisms of chlamydia pneumoniae respiratory infection in mice with former chlamydial exposure].	to compare the differences in the severities, host defense responses and clinical courses c. pneumoniae respiratory tract infections between the initial and second challenge of chlamydia, an experimental c. pneumoniae respiratory infection model using mice was established and the following studies were carried out. for the initial infection mice were challenged with c. pneumoniae, strain tw-183, by nasal instillation. no animals died from this initial infection. the second exposure to c. pneumon ...	1994	8138679
chlamydial serologic studies and recurrent spontaneous abortion.	our purpose was to investigate the putative association between immunoglobulin g antibodies to chlamydia trachomatis and recurrent spontaneous abortions.	1994	8141201
[community-acquired pneumonia: prospective study of 101 adult, immunocompetent patients for 1 year].	a one year prospective study was carried out to assess the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia (cap), and also to know the incidence, characteristics and evolution of infection by chlamydia pneumoniae; and the effectiveness of dna probes in cap due to mycoplasma pneumoniae and legionella.	1993	8142501
two family outbreaks of chlamydia pneumoniae infection.	during autumn 1992, we observed two unrelated family outbreaks of chlamydia pneumoniae infection. family a consisted of grandmother (aged 77 yrs), father (aged 41 yrs), mother (aged 38 yrs), daughter (aged 10 yrs), and two sons (aged 6 yrs and 3 months, respectively). the grandmother and daughter suffered from pneumonia, father from pharyngitis and bronchitis and the older son from mild bronchitis. no symptoms were recorded in the mother and younger son. symptomatic subjects showed a fourfold in ...	1994	8143807
prevalence of chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies in patients with acute respiratory infections in israel.	to evaluate the prevalence of antibodies to chlamydia pneumoniae (twar) in relation to other aetiological agents of acute respiratory infections in israeli patients.	1994	8163694
the role of chlamydia pneumoniae in severe acute tonsillitis.	chlamydia pneumoniae has been implicated as a cause of tonsillitis and pharyngitis, but the incidence has varied from one to 19 per cent in various studies. we investigated 51 patients admitted to university college hospital, galway, with severe tonsillitis. throat swabs were examined for evidence of chlamydia pneumoniae using a direct monoclonal antibody test. blood was taken for serology from 45 patients. a further specimen was taken at six weeks. a control group of 32 blood bank sera was used ...	1994	8163914
chlamydia pneumoniae strain twar pharyngitis in us air force basic trainees.	chlamydia pneumoniae has recently been shown to be a cause of pharyngitis. because the impact of this pathogen on united states air force basic trainees is unknown, the authors undertook a prospective study to evaluate the prevalence of c pneumoniae. of 118 asymptomatic basic trainees, 43% had preexisting antibodies to c pneumoniae and 0.9% had serologic evidence of c pneumoniae infection. of 226 symptomatic basic trainees, only four (1.8%) met the criteria for serologic evidence of acute c pneu ...	1994	8169158
[a case of adult chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia diagnosed from a culture method].	we diagnosed a 41-year-old female patient to be suffering from chlamydia pneumoniae (c. pneumoniae) by using pcr and culture methods. she had a prolonged dry cough and slight fever. her chest roentgenogram showed a segmental infiltration in the middle of the right lung field. we treated her with 400 mg of cefpodoxime proxetil (cpdx-pr) per day. on the 4th day after beginning the treatment with cpdx-pr, she still complained of a productive cough. we changed the treatment by using 300 mg of roxith ...	1994	8176283
identification of chlamydia pneumoniae-specific protein antigens in immunoblots.	the immunoblot patterns of 248 sera, all examined previously by the microimmunofluorescence test (mif) for species-specific chlamydia antibodies, were analyzed. predominant specific antibody activity was directed to the 54 kda protein of chlamydia pneumoniae, which was recognized by 93% of sera positive for chlamydia pneumoniae by mif but by only 2% of sera positive for chlamydia trachomatis and negative for chlamydia pneumoniae and by 3% of sera negative for both chlamydia pneumoniae and chlamy ...	1993	8187792
[twar and heart disease. a questionable connection].		1994	8189970
chlamydial etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infections in children in the sudan.	the role of chlamydia pneumoniae in 110 sudanese children with signs of acute lower respiratory tract infections (alri) was investigated. four (3.6%) had evidence of c. pneumoniae infection, of whom 3 were culture-positive, while 1 had an antibody response suggesting a recent infection. igg antibodies at a titer of > or = 1:32 to c. pneumoniae, chlamydia psittaci and chlamydia trachomatis were detected in 27 (24.5%), 27 (24.5%) and 7 (6.4%) of the 110 alri cases, respectively. c. pneumoniae, c. ...	1994	8193496
critical review of microbiological data and methods in diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections.	a review is presented of the microbiological data, and the methods for obtaining these data, which are relevant for the diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infection. the necessity for adequate information exchange between the microbiology laboratory and the clinic is stressed. once the specimen (usually sputum) has reached the laboratory, it is screened macroscopically and microscopically for adequacy, and cultures are set up. many patients with acute community-acquired pneumonia (cap) have no ...	1994	8193620
chlamydia pneumoniae igg antibody prevalence in south-western and eastern finland in 1982 and 1987.	chlamydia pneumonia igg antibody prevalence was examined in a representative sample (2342 subjects) of the population aged 25-59 years in south-western and eastern finland in 1982 and 1987. microimmunofluorescence was used to measure igg antibodies. prevalence of c. pneumoniae was modelled using the glim statistical package assuming that the prevalence had a binomial distribution. the prevalence was assumed to be a function of the year, subjects' gender, age and place of residence. the effect of ...	1994	8194914
characterization of chlamydia pneumoniae species-specific proteins immunodominant in humans.	proteins of chlamydia pneumoniae immunodominant in humans were characterized with the sera of 13 patients who were not likely to have been exposed to c. trachomatis or c. psittaci. the serological responses among these patients were similar on a qualitative basis, but some differences were found quantitatively. however, the serological responses of the patients who were infected with c. pneumoniae differed markedly from those of two patients who were infected with c. trachomatis and two who were ...	1994	8195362
interference of immunoglobulin g (igg) antibodies in iga antibody determinations of chlamydia pneumoniae by microimmunofluorescence test.	in the microimmunofluorescence test for measuring immunoglobulin a (iga) antibodies against chlamydia pneumoniae, removal of interfering igg antibodies made iga antibody reactivity patterns in 952 serum samples easier to interpret, prozone effects disappeared, and titers increased, especially in the sera with high igg titers. iga rheumatoid factors did not interfere in the assay.	1994	8195403
asthma and chlamydial infection: a case series.	adult-onset asthma is frequently associated with antecedent respiratory symptoms that could represent either previously undiagnosed asthma or previous lung infections that result in subsequent asthma. to further investigate a reported association of chlamydia pneumoniae infection and adult reactive airway disease, we looked for evidence of atypical infections in patients with acute wheezing and nonwheezing respiratory illnesses.	1994	8195733
current topics of chlamydial respiratory tract infections--special reference to the epidemiology and clinical findings of chlamydia pneumoniae infections in japan.		1993	8204976
chlamydia pneumoniae.		1994	8205921
chlamydia pneumoniae.		1993	8211882
investigation of a unique time-space cluster of sarcoidosis in firefighters.	a unique cluster of three cases of sarcoidosis developed recently among 10 white firefighters who trained together as apprentices in 1979. this led us to hypothesize that firefighters are at increased risk of this condition because of the combined effect of smoke exposure and infection with a communicable agent, such as chlamydia pneumoniae, a recently proposed cause of sarcoidosis. we conducted a case-finding questionnaire survey of 1,282 active and retired male providence firefighters and poli ...	1993	8214953
rapid diagnosis of chlamydia psittaci pneumonia.	two cases of chlamydia psittaci pneumonia are presented. in each, a rapid diagnosis was made through the use of direct immunofluorescent antibody staining of respiratory secretions with monoclonal antibodies to chlamydial antigens. in one case the diagnosis was confirmed by the isolation of the causative organism from sputum and a pharyngeal swab. chlamydial lipopolysaccharide was detectable in sputum from this patient in an enzyme immunoassay. serological responses to c. psittaci, chlamydia tra ...	1993	8218673
an epidemic of infections due to chlamydia pneumoniae in military conscripts.	a prospective observational study of an epidemic of infection due to chlamydia pneumoniae strain twar in finnish military trainees provided new information on immunity following infection, the range of clinical syndromes and complications, and cell culture isolation. one-half of the trainees studied (43 of 86) had laboratory evidence of c. pneumoniae infection. the etiologic association of c. pneumoniae with disease was strengthened by the sharp increase in cases of pneumonia and in outpatient v ...	1993	8218684
evidence that chlamydia pneumoniae causes pneumonia and bronchitis.	an epidemic often provides an opportunity to obtain evidence of the etiologic association of a microorganism with disease. chlamydia pneumoniae twar is a newly recognized organism whose relationship to disease is not completely understood. an outbreak of c. pneumoniae infections from november 1990 to february 1991 was studied in university of washington students. twelve twar infections were identified serologically in 54 students with acute respiratory disease. the organism was isolated from 7 o ...	1993	8228356
[chlamydia pneumoniae: clinical, epidemiological and laboratory aspects].		1993	8234732
past infection by chlamydia pneumoniae strain twar and asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis. atherosclerosis risk in communities (aric) study investigators.	to determine whether past infection by chlamydia pneumoniae strain twar is associated with asymptomatic atherosclerosis. previous studies have linked this organism with symptomatic coronary heart disease.	1993	8238066
in vitro activity of azithromycin (cp-62,993) against chlamydia trachomatis and chlamydia pneumoniae.	the in vitro susceptibilities of 49 strains of chlamydia trachomatis and 3 strains of chlamydia pneumoniae to azithromycin and tetracycline or doxycycline were determined. the mic of azithromycin ranged from < or = 0.06 to 1.0 micrograms/ml, the mic of tetracycline ranged from 0.03 to 0.12 micrograms/ml, and the mic of doxycycline ranged from 0.015 to 0.06 micrograms/ml against c. trachomatis. the mic ranges for c. pneumoniae were 0.12 to 0.25 micrograms/ml for azithromycin and 0.06 to 0.12 micr ...	1993	8239579
serum reactivity to chlamydia trachomatis and c. pneumoniae antigens in patients with documented infection and in healthy children by microimmunofluorescence and immunoblotting techniques.	chlamydia trachomatis and c. pneumoniae are both important human pathogens. antigenic cross-reactivity between the two species may complicate serologic diagnosis of infection with one or the other agent. in this study we examined sera of persons with chlamydia infections and of healthy children by microimmunofluorescence (mif) against c. trachomatis l2 antigen and against c. pneumoniae tw-183 antigen to explore the degree of cross-reactivity found by these two methods. likewise, the cross-reacti ...	1993	8240791
incidence of community-acquired pneumonia caused by chlamydia pneumoniae in italian patients.	the incidence of chlamydia pneumoniae as a cause of community-acquired pneumonia was evaluated in a one-year prospective study in 108 patients with community-acquired pneumonia. the bacteriological diagnosis was based on culture of sputum or bronchial aspirate and examination of acute and convalescent phase sera for mycoplasma pneumoniae, legionella pneumophila and chlamydia pneumoniae. a definitive microbiological diagnosis was obtained in 58 (54%) patients. chlamydia pneumoniae was the causati ...	1993	8243486
[changing pattern of chlamydia respiratory tract infections--with special reference to infections in japan].		1993	8245644
chlamydia pneumoniae in swedish patients.	chlamydia pneumoniae infections have earlier been described as mycoplasma-like illnesses in young people, and also appear to be associated with community-acquired pneumonia in adults. in this retrospective study, 12.2% (23/188) of patients with pneumonia who required hospitalization during the 3 years 1985-87 had serological evidence of recent c. pneumoniae infection. many of these patients had symptoms similar to ornithosis. the most interesting finding was that half of the patients with a 4-fo ...	1993	8248741
chlamydia pneumoniae as a cause of reactive arthritis.		1993	8252327
spontaneous cure of acute bronchitis caused by chlamydia pneumoniae in a 15-year-old boy.	chlamydia pneumoniae was isolated from the pharyngeal swab of a 15-year-old patient with acute bronchitis. the serum igm antibody against c.pneumoniae was elevated up to 160-fold in the acute phase and decreased to 20-fold in the convalescent phase using the microimmunofluorescence (mif) test. igg antibody titers in the acute phase and the convalescent phase were 40-fold and 160-fold respectively using the mif test. the patient recovered from the bronchitis without any effective treatment, indic ...	1993	8253607
growth in serum-free medium improves isolation of chlamydia pneumoniae.	infectivity titers were determined for eight chlamydia pneumoniae strains simultaneously grown in serum-free and serum-supplemented cell culture media. use of serum-free medium resulted in a 10- to 50-fold increase in the susceptibility of hl cells to chlamydial infection. comparative primary isolation of a wild-type strain also produced higher inclusion counts in a serum-free environment. serum-free cultivation is recommended to increase the efficiency of c. pneumoniae isolation from clinical m ...	1993	8263198
atypical pneumonia due to chlamydia pneumoniae: a case report.	a first case of chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia in malaysia is reported. the diagnosis was made by a significant change in c. pneumoniae antibody titre. the infection responded well to a course of erythromycin.	1993	8266214
preliminary data on chlamydia pneumoniae seroprevalence in hiv-1 infected children.		1993	8267281
detection of chlamydia pneumoniae by polymerase chain reaction-enzyme immunoassay in an immunocompromised population.	chlamydia pneumoniae has now been associated with pneumonia, bronchitis, pharyngitis, acute chest syndrome of sickle cell disease, and asthma. because of the difficulty of primary isolation and tissue-culture adaptation of this organism, we used a previously developed polymerase chain reaction-enzyme immunoassay (pcr-eia) to screen 132 culture-negative bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) specimens from 108 immunocompromised patients (34% of whom were positive for human immunodeficiency virus) and 7 hea ...	1993	8268355
[a case of severe interstitial pneumonia probably due to chlamydia pneumoniae].	a 64-year-old male was admitted to our hospital with dyspnea and high fever. the patient had a relative bradycardia and severe hypoxemia. velcr rales were heard throughout the entire lung fields. leucocytosis was absent. chest x-ray showed bilateral diffuse reticular shadows. corticosteroid pulse therapy and minocycline were introduced on the suspicion of either idiopathic interstitial pneumonia or chlamydial pneumonia. subsequently, his symptoms gradually improved. although the patient had no h ...	1993	8271671
genital chlamydia trachomatis infection in australia.		1994	8271993
evidence for chlamydia pneumoniae of non-human origin.	this paper describes the characterization and taxonomic status of n16, a chlamydial isolate from the respiratory tract of a horse. n16 contains plasmid dna, has normal elementary body morphology and its inclusions do not stain with iodine. its major outer-membrane protein (momp) gene was completely sequenced and compared with the momp genes of chlamydia pneumoniae, c. psittaci, c. trachomatis and c. pecorum. this analysis revealed that n16 is closely related to the twar strain of c. pneumoniae ( ...	1993	8277245
seroprevalence of chlamydia pneumoniae in taiwan.	chlamydia pneumoniae (twar) is a relatively newly discovered respiratory tract pathogen which was first isolated in taiwan. in order to describe the seroepidemiology of c. pneumoniae in taiwan, we evaluated 1,085 stored serum samples: 904 from patients, 97 from umbilical cord blood samples, and 84 from medical personnel at the veterans general hospital-kaohsiung, between january 1 and april 30, 1991. antibodies were determined by the use of a microimmunofluorescence test using elementary bodies ...	1993	8284640
pneumonia due to chlamydia pneumoniae strain twar.		1993	8286642
chlamydia pneumoniae infections.		1993	8292109
[application of pcr for isolation of chlamydia pneumoniae].	chlamydia pneumoniae was isolated from the throat swab of a 5-year-old girl with acute bronchitis. the titers of igm and igg antibodies to c. pneumoniae in the serum were 1:20 and 1:2560, respectively. c. pneumoniae genome was detected by polymerase chain reaction in the throat swab and the infected cells after three passages, while c. pneumoniae was isolated from the throat swab after five passages by cell culture. pcr is considered to be a helpful method to isolate c. pneumoniae efficiently in ...	1993	8294763
the effects of medium and rate of freezing on the survival of chlamydias after lyophilization.	the effects of suspension media and rate of freezing on the survival of chlamydia trachomatis lgv2 and chlamydia pneumoniae after lyophilization were assessed. the highest loss in infectious elementary bodies (ebs) occurred during lyophilization. the survival was higher after freezing at a rate of 1 degree c min-1 and lyophilization than that after rapid freezing at -70 degrees c or -196 degrees c. the recovery (+/- 5%) was higher when fetal calf serum (fcs) containing glucose, saccharose or lac ...	1993	8300448
chlamydia pneumoniae seroprevalence in immunocompetent and immunocompromised populations in milan.	chlamydia pneumoniae is drawing increasing attention as an agent of respiratory tract infection. specific antibody prevalence in western countries is low in preschool children and reaches more than 50% in adults. however, little is known about the prevalence of this infection in immunocompromised subjects such as hiv-i infected patients. the aim of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of chl pneumoniae in immunocompetent and immunocompromised (hiv-1 infected) paediatric and adult popula ...	1993	8303635
comparison of serological tests for the detection of antibodies against chlamydia trachomatis and chlamydia pneumoniae in rheumatological patients.	in cases of reactive arthritis, a suspected chlamydia trachomatis infection is often detected by serological methods. however, mostly tests with genus-specific antigens are used, neglecting the fact that antibodies against chlamydia pneumoniae are highly prevalent in the adult population. therefore we tested sera of 129 patients with various rheumatological disorders and of 18 healthy persons in parallel with a genus-specific test (ipazyme) and with the species-specific microimmunofluorescence t ...	1993	8305809
evaluation of serological methods in the diagnosis of chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia during an epidemic in finland.	a complement fixation (cf) test, a micro-immunofluorescence (micro-if) test and an enzyme immunoassay (eia) using re-lipopolysaccharide as antigen were compared in the diagnosis of chlamydial infection in 136 mainly elderly patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia during a chlamydia pneumoniae epidemic in finland in 1986-1987. chlamydial pneumonia was diagnosed in 58 (42.6%) of the 136 pneumonia patients; 44 (75.9%) of them could be shown by micro-if to be caused by chlamydia pneu ...	1993	8307044
experimental infection of chlamydia pneumoniae in mice.	nih/s, swiss webster, and balb/c mice were infected intranasally with three chlamydia pneumoniae isolates, kajaani 6, helsinki 12, and tw-183. c. pneumoniae could be isolated from the lung homogenates and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids up to the third week post-infection. specific serum igg antibodies against c. pneumoniae reached high levels in the third week and remained elevated until the end of the 6-week follow-up period. serum igm levels were highest in the third week post-infection and sta ...	1993	8309355
[detection of chlamydia pneumoniae by polymerase chain reaction].	we aimed at developing a method for early detection of chlamydia pneumoniae (c. pneumoniae) from clinical specimens. for this purpose, we amplified c. pneumoniae-specific dna fragments by polymerase chain reaction. a pair of 24 mer of oligonucleotides which were complementary to the sequences within the region encoding the major outer membrane were synthesized and used as primers. as the results, all three standard strains of c. pneumoniae (ar-39, tw-183 and ar-388) were identified by the detect ...	1993	8315297
[chlamydia].		1993	8317038
[chlamydia pneumoniae].	chlamydia are obligate intracellular bacteria with a biphasic life cycle. in 1986 a new species of chlamydiae, chlamydia psittaci twar was discovered, later named chlamydia pneumoniae. c. pneumoniae is probably an important pathogen causing respiratory tract infections in man, ranging from subclinical infection to life threatening pneumonia. infections can occur in epidemics. furthermore, associations between c. pneumoniae infection and coronary artery disease, lethal myocarditis and sarcoidosis ...	1993	8317039
age-dependent antichlamydial activity of human saliva. a study of infants, children and adults.	saliva samples from 51 children ranging from 1 month to 12 years of age were studied for their effect on the capacity of chlamydia trachomatis, serotypes i and l2 elementary bodies (eb), to form inclusions in cycloheximide-treated mccoy cell cultures. the results were compared to those of tests using saliva from adults. no antibodies against c. trachomatis or chlamydia pneumoniae could be detected by microimmunofluorescence tests in either group. saliva of children between 1-4 years of age showe ...	1993	8323740
[roxithromycin in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia].	the aim of the present study was to prospectively evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of roxithromycin in the empiric treatment of extra-hospitalary pneumonias in immunocompetent adult patients.	1993	8324023
a seroepidemiologic study of chlamydia pneumoniae in rhode island. evidence of serologic cross-reactivity.	although chlamydia pneumoniae is considered a common cause of pneumonia worldwide, the evidence is mainly serologic. therefore, we examined whether the currently used chlamydial microimmunofluorescence (mif) antibody test is specific for c pneumoniae infection.	1993	8325072
regional variation in ischemic heart disease: a possible missing risk factor?		1993	8326354
transmission of chlamydia pneumoniae.	to investigate the transmission of chlamydia pneumoniae via hands and environmental surfaces, its survival on various surfaces was studied. the organism remained viable on formica countertops for 30 h and in tissue paper for 12 h. measurable quantities of chlamydiae were transferred from these environmental surfaces to hands. however, titers were low and survival time on hands was limited to 10-15 min. c. pneumoniae survived small particle aerosolization well and was infectious to mice by both d ...	1993	8335994
[polypeptide profiles of chlamydia pneumoniae strains isolated from japan and western blot analysis using patients' sera].	polypeptide profiles were compared among chlamydia pneumoniae strain of ac-43, which was isolated from a japanese child, and other strains of c. pneumoniae. there was no distinctive differences among these strains. all strains showed marked band on 39.5 kda area, which is equivalent with the major outer membrane protein (momp). patients infected with c. pneumoniae were analyzed by western blot using ac-43. reaction for 98, 68, 60 kda proteins were recognized among sera which showed positive resu ...	1993	8336008
[reactivity of chlamydia pneumoniae strains in the ideia chlamydia test kit designed for detection of chlamydia trachomatis].	the intensity of reaction in the ideia chlamydia test kit to lipopolysaccharide of seven strains of chlamydia pneumoniae was examined by using highly purified elementary bodies (ebs). the strains were divided into two groups according to whether the ebs were pear-shape or round. the group with the pear-shaped ebs consisted of tw-183, ar-39 and ar-388 strains; the group with the round ebs consisted of iol-207, kajaani-6, yk-41 and kkpn-1 strains. the number of ebs at the cutoff level of the test ...	1993	8336010
[a report of 4 cases from whom chlamydia pneumoniae was isolated].	chlamydia pneumoniae (c. pneumoniae) was isolated from respiratory tract of 4 girls. case 1 is 5-year-old, diagnosed as pneumonia, had had a prolonged productive cough. she was treated with rkm with improvement of symptoms, however, c. pneumoniae was isolated repeatedly and was not deleted. neither anti-mycoplasmal nor viral antibodies were positive and no significant pathogens were cultured from nasophrayngeal swabs. case 2, the sister of case 1, is a 3-year-old girl with acute bronchitis treat ...	1993	8336014
another possible risk factor for airway disease.		1993	8339677
chlamydial respiratory infections. don't get bogged down by differentiating species.		1993	8343691
phylogenetic relationship of chlamydia pneumoniae to chlamydia psittaci and chlamydia trachomatis as determined by analysis of 16s ribosomal dna sequences.	the 16s ribosomal dna sequence of chlamydia pneumoniae was determined and compared with the corresponding gene sequences of chlamydia psittaci and chlamydia trachomatis. c. pneumoniae has been reported to exhibit little chromosomal dna homology with the other chlamydial species, and its phylogenetic relationships within the genus chlamydia have not been described. a polymerase chain reaction was employed to determine the 16s rrna gene sequence of c. pneumoniae. ten primers from the c. psittaci s ...	1993	8347519
chlamydia species and mycoplasma species in recurrent tonsillitis.		1993	8357589
influence of temperature and relative humidity on the survival of chlamydia pneumoniae in aerosols.	the survival of chlamydia pneumoniae in aerosols was investigated by using a chamber with a capacity of 114.5 liters. we injected 5 x 10(7) inclusion-forming units (ifu) of c. pneumoniae in aerosols with a droplet size of 3 to 5 microns. samples were taken after 30 s and every 1 min thereafter. the survival of c. pneumoniae was measured at four temperatures (8.5, 15, 25, and 35 degrees c) and at three different relative humidities (rh) of 5, 50, and 95% for each temperature. the survival rates o ...	1993	8368846
serological response to chlamydia pneumoniae in adults with coronary arterial fatty streaks and fibrolipid plaques.	the antigen-specific serological response to chlamydia pneumoniae was studied in 45 adults with coronary artery atherosclerosis and compared with that in 40 adults with acute respiratory infection. c. pneumoniae antigen and dna were detected in lesions more frequently in patients with low immunoglobulin g titers against c. pneumoniae than in those with high immunoglobulin g titers. reactivities with the 42-kda (46%) and 52-kda (31%) proteins were observed more frequently in sera from seropositiv ...	1993	8370753
prevalence of antibodies to chlamydia pneumoniae twar in a group of german medical students.	prevalence of antibodies to chlamydia pneumoniae twar in germany has not been previously evaluated. therefore a healthy adult population of 353 german medical students (mean age 24 years) was examined with a species-specific microimmunofluorescence test for igg, igm and iga antibodies to c. pneumoniae and in parallel to chlamydia trachomatis. altogether, 229 persons had igg antibodies to c. pneumoniae (64.9%), 136 had iga antibodies (38.5%), while the serum of only one contained specific igm. pr ...	1993	8370954
lung infections in children.	airway infections in children is a considerably broad topic. this discussion focuses on several common nonbacterial causes of lower respiratory tract infection in children, including respiratory syncytial virus, mycoplasma pneumoniae, and chlamydia pneumoniae. in addition, the occurrence of two important bacterial causes of lower respiratory illness (bordetella pertussis and mycobacterium tuberculosis) is increasing. this review focuses on current information on the prophylaxis, treatment, and d ...	1993	8374645
the in-vitro activity of opc-17116, a new 5-methyl substituted quinolone.	the in-vitro activity of the new 5-methylated fluoroquinolone opc-17116 was compared with that of other fluoroquinolines and beta-lactams against a total of 690 bacterial strains. with the exception of klebsiella and serratia spp., 90% of the enterobacteriaceae were inhibited by 0.25 mg/l. opc-17116 inhibited 90% of serratia spp. at 8 mg/l and klebsiella spp. at 4 mg/l. moraxella catarrhalis and haemophilus influenzae were highly susceptible (mic90 < or = 0.03 mg/l). pseudomonas aeruginosa were ...	1993	8390433
outer membrane complex proteins of chlamydia pneumoniae.	the protein composition of the outer membrane complex (omc) of chlamydia pneumoniae strain ar-39 was analyzed by metabolic labeling with [35s]methionine and [35s]cysteine. cysteine-rich proteins with molecular masses of 98, 60 doublet, 39.5 (momp) and 15.5 kda were found in the omc of c. pneumoniae. the cysteine-rich proteins of the omcs of the three chlamydia species showed specific reaction patterns by immunoassay and autoradiography to rabbit or turkey immune sera. recognition of the momp and ...	1993	8405962
aetiology and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in adults: an historical perspective.	community-acquired pneumonia is common. most disease is mild but mortality among hospitalized patients is 5-20%. the most common aetiological pathogens are streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and the 'atypical' organisms, mycoplasma pneumoniae, legionella pneumophila and chlamydia pneumoniae. less common pathogens account for 10-30% of cases and the aetiology cannot be determined in one-third to one-half of cases. classification by aetiology and initiation of specific antimicrobial ...	1993	8407696
serologic tests for chlamydia pneumoniae.		1993	8414816
structures of and allelic diversity and relationships among the major outer membrane protein (ompa) genes of the four chlamydial species.	dna sequences coding for 81% of the ompa gene from 24 chlamydial strains, representing all chlamydial species, were determined from dna amplified by polymerase chain reactions. chlamydial strains of serovars and strains with similar chromosomal restriction fragment length polymorphism had identical ompa dna sequences. the ompa sequences were segregated into 23 different ompa alleles and aligned with each other, and phylogenetic relationships among them were inferred by neighbor-joining and maxim ...	1993	8419295
chlamydia pneumoniae infection in acute exacerbations of copd.	chlamydia pneumoniae, strain twar, is a frequent causative agent of acute respiratory disease. we assessed the incidence and prevalence of chlamydia pneumoniae infections in copd. we studied, from january 1990 to may 1991, 142 out-patients with acute purulent exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) and 114 healthy control subjects. oropharyngeal swab specimens were collected at each exacerbation and analysed using a high definition monoclonal indirect fluorescent antibody t ...	1993	8425589
relevance of chlamydia pneumoniae in community-acquired respiratory infections.		1993	8425598
origin of hep-2 cells used for culture of chlamydiae.		1993	8432842
pneumonia, myocarditis and reactive arthritis due to chlamydia pneumoniae.	a 37 year old hla b27 negative man developed erythema nodosum, pneumonia, myocarditis and oligoarthritis due to chlamydia pneumoniae. he recovered completely over a four month period. this is the first clinical description of reactive arthritis caused by c. pneumoniae.	1993	8434247
chlamydia pneumoniae.		1993	8434345
clinical scoring system in the evaluation of adult pharyngitis.	to compare results of a clinical scoring system for diagnosis of group a streptococcal pharyngitis with microbiologic results, when several different pharyngeal pathogens were tested simultaneously.	1993	8435167
recurrent tonsillitis: the role of chlamydia and mycoplasma.		1993	8435179