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tissue localization of lymphocystis disease virus (lcdv) receptor-27.8 kda and its expression kinetics induced by the viral infection in turbot (scophthalmus maximus).the 27.8 kda membrane protein expressed in flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) gill cells was proved to be a receptor mediating lymphocystis disease virus (lcdv) infection. in this study, sds-page and western blotting demonstrated that 27.8 kda receptor (27.8r) was shared by flounder and turbot (scophthalmus maximus). indirect immunofluorescence assay (iifa) and immunohistochemistry showed that 27.8r was widely expressed in tested tissues of healthy turbot. the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent ...201526556346
dietary β-glucan (macrogard®) enhances survival of first feeding turbot (scophthalmus maximus) larvae by altering immunity, metabolism and microbiota.reflecting the natural biology of mass spawning fish aquaculture production of fish larvae is often hampered by high and unpredictable mortality rates. the present study aimed to enhance larval performance and immunity via the oral administration of an immunomodulator, β-glucan (macrogard(®)) in turbot (scophthalmus maximus). rotifers (brachionus plicatilis) were incubated with or without yeast β-1,3/1,6-glucan in form of macrogard(®) at a concentration of 0.5 g/l. rotifers were fed to first fee ...201626564474
helmintofauna of turbot scophthalmus maximus (linnaeus, 1758) from the southern baltic sea including new data.turbot scophthalmus maximus (linnaeus, 1758) is a fish belonging to the pleuronectiformes order. it is commonly observed in waters of the northern atlantic, and also in the baltic sea. as an economically significant species, it is fished on an industrial scale, and also farmed in some european countries. seventy-two turbots from the gulf of gdańsk (26th ices zone) were examined for parasite presence in the years 2010-2012. the study revealed the presence of the tapeworm bothriocephalus scorpii ( ...201526618593
development and application of monoclonal antibodies for detection and analysis of aquareoviruses.monoclonal antibodies (mabs) play an important role in detection of aquareoviruses. three mabs against grass carp reovirus (gcrv) were prepared. isotyping revealed that all three mabs were of subclass igg2b. western blot assay showed that all three mabs reacted with gcrv 69 kda protein (the putative vp5). in addition to the 69 kda protein of gcrv, mab 4b6 also recognize a 54 kda protein. all three mabs were used for detecting aquareovirus by western blot assay and indirect immunofluorescence ass ...201626889962
adjuvant effect of quillaja saponaria saponin (qss) on protective efficacy and igm generation in turbot (scophthalmus maximus) upon immersion vaccination.the adjuvant effect of quillaja saponaria saponin (qss) on protection of turbot fry was investigated with immersion vaccination of formalin-killed vibrio anguillarum o1 and various concentrations of qss (5, 25, 45 and 65 mg/l). fish were challenged at days 7, 14 and 28 post-vaccination. significantly high relative percent of survival (rps) ((59.1 ± 13.6)%, (81.7 ± 8.2)%, (77.8 ± 9.6)%) were recorded in the fish that received bacterins immersion with qss at 45 mg/l, which is comparable to the pos ...201626950114
fast real time pcr for control of intra-species recycling in aquaculture feed, focused to the most relevant fish species farmed in europe.recent regulations in animal feed composition prohibit intra-species recycling, the recycling of one given animal species to the same species, in order to avoid potential safety risks to human and animal health. these regulations have generated the need of their control in aquaculture by effective and specific analytical techniques. to date, most studies of species identification and detection in feedstuffs are focused on land species, but few studies are focused on species composition in fish f ...201626988512
characterization of n-acyl homoserine lactones (ahls) producing bacteria isolated from vacuum-packaged refrigerated turbot (scophthalmus maximus) and possible influence of exogenous ahls on bacterial phenotype.quorum sensing (qs) is a cell-to-cell communication mechanism through which microbial cells communicate and regulate their wide variety of biological activities. n-acyl homoserine lactones (ahls) are considered to be the most important qs signaling molecules produced by several gram-negative bacteria. the present study aimed to screen the ahls-producing bacteria from spoiled vacuum-packaged refrigerated turbot (scophthalmus maximus) by biosensor assays, and the profiles of ahls produced by these ...201627118073
reassortant betanodavirus infection in turbot (scophthalmus maximus).in this study, the susceptibility of turbot juveniles to two betanodavirus strains was assessed, a rgnnv/sjnnv reassortant (ss160.03) and a sjnnv strain. the reassortant isolate exhibits a slightly modified sjnnv cp, with two amino acid substitutions in the c-terminal domain (positions 247 and 270). to analyse the role of these residues as virulence and host determinants in turbot, three recombinant strains (rss160.03247 , rss160.03270 , rss160.03247+270 ) harbouring site-specific mutations in t ...201627135777
the mucosal expression signatures of g-type lysozyme in turbot (scophthalmus maximus) following bacterial challenge.the mucosal surfaces constitute the first line of host defense against infection, and also serve as the dynamic interfaces that simultaneously mediate a diverse array of critical physiological processes, while in constantly contact with a wide range of pathogens. the lysozymes are considered as key components for innate immune response to pathogen infection with their strong antibacterial activities. but their activities in mucosal immune responses were always overlooked, especially for g-type l ...201627189917
turbot (scophthalmus maximus) vs. vhsv (viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus): a review.turbot (scophthalmus maximus) is a very valuable fish species both in europe and china. the culture of this flatfish is well-established but several bacteria, viruses, and parasites can produce mortality or morbidity episodes in turbot farms. viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) is one of the most threatening pathogens affecting turbot, because neither vaccines nor treatments are commercially available. although the mortality in the turbot farms is relatively low, when this virus is detecte ...201627303308
identification and expression analysis of tlr2 in mucosal tissues of turbot (scophthalmus maximus l.) following bacterial challenge.the pathogen recognition receptors (prrs), which can recognize the conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) of the bacteria, play key roles in the mucosal surfaces for pathogen recognition and activation of immune signaling pathways. however, our understanding of the prrs and their activities in mucosal surfaces in the critical early time points during pathogen infection is still limited. towards to this end, here, we sought to identify the toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2) in turbot a ...201627368539
involvement of acylated homoserine lactones (ahls) of aeromonas sobria in spoilage of refrigerated turbot (scophthalmus maximus l.).one quorum sensing strain was isolated from spoiled turbot. the species was determined by 16s rrna gene analysis and classical tests, named aeromonas sobria as7. quorum-sensing (qs) signals (n-acyl homoserine lactones (ahls)) were detected by report strains and their structures were further determined by gc-ms. the activity changes of ahls on strain growth stage as well as the influence of different culture conditions on secretion activity of ahls were studied by the punch method. the result ind ...201627420072
immunohistochemical study of inducible nitric oxide synthase and tumour necrosis factor alpha response in turbot (scophthalmus maximus) experimentally infected with aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida.aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida represents one of the major threats in aquaculture, especially in salmonid fish and turbot farming. in order to fight bacterial infections, fish have an immune system composed by innate and specific cellular and humoral elements analogous to those present in mammals. however, innate immunity plays a primordial role against bacterial infections in teleost fish. among these non-specific mechanisms, the production of nitric oxide (no) by inducible nitric oxi ...201627431586
transcriptomic profiling revealed the signatures of intestinal barrier alteration and pathogen entry in turbot (scophthalmus maximus) following vibrio anguillarum challenge.the mucosal immune system serves as the frontline barriers of host defense against pathogen infection, especially for the fishes, which are living in the pathogen rich aquatic environment. the intestine constitutes the largest surface body area in constantly contact with the external pathogens, and plays a vital role in the immune defense against inflammation and pathogen infection. previous studies have revealed that fish intestine might serves as the portal of entry for vibrio anguillarum. to ...201627431928
characterization and expression analysis of a peptidoglycan recognition protein gene, smpgrp2 in mucosal tissues of turbot (scophthalmus maximus l.) following bacterial challenge.peptidoglycan recognition receptor proteins (pgrps), a group of pattern recognition receptors (prrs), can recognize peptidoglycan (pgn) of the bacteria cell wall and play an important role in host immune defense against pathogen infection. they are highly structurally conserved through evolution, but with different function in innate immunity between invertebrates and vertebrates. in teleost fish, several pgrps have been characterized recently. they have both amidase activity and bactericidal ac ...201627461422
pharmacokinetic model of florfenicol in turbot (scophthalmus maximus): establishment of optimal dosage and administration in medicated feed.the pharmacokinetics of florfenicol (ff) in turbot (scophthalmus maximus) was studied after single intravenous (10 mg kg(-1) ) and oral (100 mg kg(-1) ) administration. the plasma concentration-time data of florfenicol were described by an open one-compartment model. the elimination half-life (t1/2 ) was estimated to be 21.0 h, and the total body clearance, cl, was determined as 0.028 l kg h(-1) . the apparent volume distribution (vd ) was calculated to be 0.86 l kg(-1) and the mean residence ti ...201727502011
immunological characterization and expression of lily-type lectin in response to environmental stress in turbot (scophthalmus maximus).lectins are a superfamily of carbohydrate-binding proteins that are widely distributed throughout living organisms. in earlier work, we identified lily-type lectin (smltl) in the skin mucus of turbot scophthalmus maximus, and we characterized the protein in the present study. results from qrt-pcr indicated that smltl was expressed highly in skin, intestine and gill tissue. changes in smltl expression occurred in these tissues in response to environmental stressors including ciliate infection, hi ...201627542614
identification and expression analysis of toll-like receptor genes (tlr8 and tlr9) in mucosal tissues of turbot (scophthalmus maximus l.) following bacterial challenge.mucosal immune system is one of the most important components in the innate immunity and constitutes the front line of host defense against infection, especially for teleost, which are living in the pathogen-rich aquatic environment. the pathogen recognition receptors (prrs), which can recognize the conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) of bacteria, are considered as one of the most important component for pathogen recognition and immune signaling pathways activation in mucosa ...201627633670
pathogen-dependent role of turbot (scophthalmus maximus) interferon-gamma.interferon-gamma has been typically described as a pro-inflammatory cytokine playing an important role in the resolution of both viral and bacterial diseases. nevertheless, some anti-inflammatory functions are also attributed to this molecule. in this work we have characterized for the first time the turbot (scophthalmus maximus) interferon-gamma gene (ifng) and its expression pattern under basal conditions, after type i ifns administration, and viral and bacterial infection. the intramuscular i ...201627742586
the expression signatures of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nos1) in turbot (scophthalmus maximus l.) mucosal surfaces against bacterial challenge.the mucosal surfaces constitute the first immune barrier of host defense and also serve as the dynamic interfaces that simultaneously mediate a diverse array of critical physiological processes. it has been long hypothesized that observed difference of disease resistance among different fish strains and species are strongly correlated to the activities of the immune actors in mucosal surfaces. particularly, neuronal nos (nnos or nos1) is a constitutively expressed gene that catalyzes the oxidati ...201627825948
genomic sequencing of ranaviruses isolated from turbot (scophthalmus maximus) and atlantic cod (gadus morhua).ranaviruses have been isolated from atlantic cod (gadus morhua) and turbot (scophthalmus maximus) in denmark. phylogenomic analyses revealed that these two ranaviruses are nearly identical and form a distinct clade at the base of the ranavirus tree branching off near other fish ranaviruses.201627979944
integrating genomic resources of flatfish (pleuronectiformes) to boost aquaculture production.flatfish have a high market acceptance thus representing a profitable aquaculture production. the main farmed species is the turbot (scophthalmus maximus) followed by japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceous) and tongue sole (cynoglossus semilaevis), but other species like atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus), senegalese sole (solea senegalensis) and common sole (solea solea) also register an important production and are very promising for farming. important genomic resources are avail ...201728063346
molecular characterization and quantification of estrogen receptors in turbot (scophthalmus maximus).estrogens regulate various reproductive processes via estrogen receptor (er)-mediated signaling pathway in vertebrates. in this study, full-length sequences coding for erα, erβ1 and erβ2 were isolated from female turbot (scophthalmus maximus) by homology cloning and a strategy based on rapid amplification of cdna end-polymerase chain reaction (race-pcr). the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of turbot ers showed high homologies with the corresponding sequences of other fish species and signifi ...201728087301
comparative assessment of vibrio virulence in marine fish larvae.vibrionaceae infections are a major obstacle for marine larviculture; however, little is known about virulence differences of vibrio strains. the virulence of vibrio strains, mostly isolated from vibriosis outbreaks in farmed fish, was tested in larval challenge trials with cod (gadus morhua), turbot (scophthalmus maximus) and halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus) using a multiwell dish assays with single-egg/larvae cultures. the strains differed significantly in virulence as some caused a high mo ...201728160295
characterization and expression analysis of chitinase genes (chit1, chit2 and chit3) in turbot (scophthalmus maximus l.) following bacterial challenge.chitinases are hydrolytic enzymes which have been employed to breakdown chitin coats of pathogenic microorganisms, thereby weaken the defense system of several pathogens and insects. in this regard, we identified the chitinase genes of turbot and characterized their expression patterns in mucosal tissues following vibrio anguillarum and streptococcus iniae challenge. in present study, transcripts of three chitinase genes (chit1, chit2 and chit3) were captured, as well as their protein structures ...201728286313
cloning and expression analysis of a toll-like receptor 21 (tlr21) gene from turbot, scophthalmus maximus.toll-like receptor 21 (tlr21) is a non-mammalian tlr recognizing unmethylated cpg dna and considered as a functional homolog of mammalian tlr9. in the present study, a tlr21 gene was cloned from turbot, scophthalmus maximus, its immune responsive expression was subsequently studied in vivo. the turbot (sm)tlr21 gene is an intronless gene with a length of 3527 bp and encodes a peptide of 984 amino acids. the deduced protein possesses a signal peptide sequence, a leucine-rich repeat (lrr) domain c ...201728359672
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