Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| the occurrence of salmonellae in rodent, shrew, cockroach and ant. | the occurrence of salmonellae in common house-pests viz. rats, house-mice, shrews, cockroaches and ants was investigated during the period of jan. 1976 to july 1979. of 767 samples examined, 43 yielded different salmonella serotypes. the isolation of salmonellae was made from 16 of 254 rats, 11 of 109 house-mice, 11 of 104 shrews, 3 of 270 cockroaches and 2 of 30 ants. the different salmonella serotypes isolated included s. saint-paul, s. bareilly, s. newport, s. weltevreden, s. enteritidis, s. ... | 1980 | 7461919 |
| deaths from bites and stings of venomous animals. | data abstracted from 34 death certificates indicate that the three venomous animal groups most often responsible for human deaths in california from 1960 through 1976 were hymenoptera (bees, wasps, ants and the like) (56 percent), snakes (35 percent) and spiders (6 percent). an average incidence of 2.0 deaths per year occurred during these 17 years, or an average death rate of 0.01 per 100,000 population per year. nearly three times more males than females died of venomous animal bites and sting ... | 1980 | 7467305 |
| imported fire ants--from medical nuisance to medical menace: new concerns for medical facilities in endemic areas. | 1995 | 7482000 | |
| pattern recognition in insects. | after 80 years of research, the field of insect pattern recognition is about to move from the behavioral to the neuronal level. recent experiments on bees, ants and flies indicate that pattern recognition must be seen as the recruitment of behavioral operations that help the nervous system to solve a task using a small number of potentially simple processing steps. these may now be identified physiologically. | 1995 | 7488849 |
| capillary and slab gel electrophoresis profiling of oligosaccharides. | capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescent detection, a one-dimensional version of the well-established planar analytical method of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, has been proven to be a powerful new microanalytical method for profiling complex carbohydrates. in this paper a comparison is presented between the planar high concentration polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis method and capillary electrophoresis of different carbohydrates with respect to performance and efficiency. ... | 1995 | 7498147 |
| storage proteins in ants (hymenoptera:formicidae). | storage proteins are a major feature of holometabolous development in insects, accumulating during the larval period and disappearing during metamorphosis. in ants (hymenoptera:formicidae), storage proteins also play important roles in adult females. three types of storage proteins have been characterized from ants: hexamerins, proteins high in glutamine/glutamic acid, and very high density lipoproteins (vhdls). the hexamerins have moderately high levels of aromatic amino acids and belong to the ... | 1995 | 7584843 |
| fish analysis of the telomere sequences of bulldog ants (myrmecia: formicidae). | chromosomes from several species of ants from the genus myrmecia were hybridized with deoxyoligomer probes of either (t2ag2)7, the putative insect telomere repeat sequence, or (t2ag3)7, the vertebrate telomere repeat sequence. while both sequences hybridized over a range of stringency conditions, (t2ag2)n was clearly the predominant sequence at the termini of the myrmecia chromosomes. no interstitial sites of either sequence were detected. the genus myrmecia has a wide range of karyotypes, with ... | 1995 | 7587589 |
| the kinematics and mechanism of prey capture in the african pig-nosed frog (hemisus marmoratum): description of a radically divergent anuran tongue. | high-speed videography and muscle denervation experiments were used to quantify the feeding kinematics of hemisus marmoratum and to test hypotheses of muscle function. the feeding behavior of h. marmoratum, which feeds on ants and termites, differs radically from that of other frogs that have been studied. during feeding in h. marmoratum, the tongue 'telescopes' straight out of the mouth, as opposed to the 'flipping' tongue trajectory observed in most other frogs. at the time of prey contact, tw ... | 1995 | 7595163 |
| multiple fire ant stings indoors. | the progressive spread and increasing colony density of imported fire ants throughout the southeastern united states will result in increasing numbers of individuals with untoward reactions to the stings of these insects. in order to alert physicians that imported fire ant colonies may exist within homes and other inhabited dwellings and result in multiple stings to the occupants and to provide information about the management of this problem, we report two cases where individuals were stung ind ... | 1995 | 7597473 |
| roger's ants: a new pest in hospitals. | 1995 | 7613391 | |
| mitochondrial-dna sequence evidence on the phylogeny of australian jack-jumper ants of the myrmecia pilosula complex. | australian ants of the myrmecia pilosula species complex include some individuals (in m. croslandi) with the lowest possible metazoan chromosome number of 2n = 2. others in this cluster of sibling species have much higher numbers, the known maximum being 2n = 32. two species (m. pilosula and m. 'banksi') are believed on cytogenetic and morphological grounds to have hybridized over a long period. to investigate the phylogeny and age of this group relative to the congeneric outgroup species m. gul ... | 1995 | 7620633 |
| [the transfer of information about the quantitative characteristics of an object in ants]. | in the laboratory experiments devised on the basis of the information theory, ants (formica polyctena foerst.) had to transmit definite information on the number and coordinates of objects. one of the experimental sets consisted of a long "trunk" with branches ended in an empty trough, except for one filled with sugared water. another set consisted of the lattice which simulated cartesian coordinates. ants had to learn position of the through and transmit its coordinate on the lattice. obtained ... | 1995 | 7645325 |
| heat shock protein synthesis and thermotolerance in cataglyphis, an ant from the sahara desert. | the ant cataglyphis lives in the sahara desert and is one of the most thermotolerant land animals known. it forages at body temperatures above 50 degrees c, and the critical thermal maxima are at 53.6 +/- 0.8 degrees c for cataglyphis bombycina and 55.1 +/- 1.1 degrees c for cataglyphis bicolor. the synthesis and accumulation of heat shock proteins (hsps) were analyzed in cataglyphis and compared to formica, an ant living in more moderate climates, and to two drosophila species. in cataglyphis, ... | 1995 | 7708762 |
| capillary electrophoresis separation of oligosaccharides: i. effect of operational variables. | the influence of operating variables on the separation of labeled oligosaccharide molecules in capillary electrophoresis with polymer networks is presented. in this study, an equation was derived that relates the effects of electrophoresis variables such as field strength, temperature, molecular weight and gel concentration to the migration velocity. as a model system, 8-aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonate ants-labeled wheat starch digest was examined to show the validity of the equation. as an ... | 1994 | 7720688 |
| the natural history of exposure to the imported fire ant (solenopsis invicta). | imported fire ants (ifa) are a common cause of insect venom hypersensitivity in the southeastern united states. the purpose of this study was to determine the sting attack rate and development of specific ige in an unsensitized population. | 1995 | 7722162 |
| persistent positive visual phenomena in migraine. | ten patients with migraine developed persistent positive visual phenomena lasting months to years. the complaints were similar in their simplicity and involvement of the entire visual field and usually consisted of diffuse small particles such as tv static, snow, lines of ants, dots, and rain. neurologic and ophthalmologic examinations were normal, and eegs were normal in eight of eight patients tested. mri was normal in all patients except one who had nonspecific biparietal white matter lesions ... | 1995 | 7723952 |
| some enzymic activities of two australian ant venoms: a jumper ant myrmecia pilosula and a bulldog ant myrmecia pyriformis. | venoms from two related australian ants, a jumper ant (myrmecia pilosula) and a bulldog ant (myrmecia pyriformis), were quantitatively analysed for the following enzymic activities: phospholipase a2, phospholipase b, phospholipase c, hyaluronidase, esterase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and phosphodiesterase. both venoms contained phospholipase a2, phospholipase b, hyaluronidase, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activities. myrmecia pyriformis venom had significantly greater p ... | 1994 | 7725323 |
| measurement of cytosolic ca2+ concentration in limulus ventral photoreceptors using fluorescent dyes. | several ca-sensitive fluorescent dyes (fura-2, mag-fura-2 and calcium green-5n) were used to measure intracellular calcium ion concentration, cai, accompanying light-induced excitation of limulus ventral nerve photoreceptors. a ratiometric procedure was developed for quantification of calcium green-5n fluorescence. a mixture of calcium green-5n and a ca-insensitive dye, ants, was injected in the cell and the fluorescence intensities of both dyes were used to calculate the spatial average of cai ... | 1995 | 7730791 |
| microsatellites reveal high genetic diversity within colonies of camponotus ants. | in order to characterize the sociogenetic structure of colonies in the carpenter ants camponotus herculeanus and c. ligniperda, we have developed microsatellite markers. the three loci studied were either fixed for different alleles in the two species or showed different patterns of polymorphisms. genotyping of workers and males showed that the broods of c. ligniperda include several matrilines, a rare phenomenon in the genus. five alleles from a locus polymorphic in both species were sequenced ... | 1995 | 7735528 |
| subacute care. like ants to a picnic. | 1995 | 7742871 | |
| the chemistry of poisons in amphibian skin. | poisons are common in nature, where they often serve the organism in chemical defense. such poisons either are produced de novo or are sequestered from dietary sources or symbiotic organisms. among vertebrates, amphibians are notable for the wide range of noxious agents that are contained in granular skin glands. these compounds include amines, peptides, proteins, steroids, and both water-soluble and lipid-soluble alkaloids. with the exception of the alkaloids, most seem to be produced de novo b ... | 1995 | 7816854 |
| learning and memory in the honeybee. | insects are favorable subjects for neuroethological studies. their nervous systems are relatively small and contain many individually identifiable cells. the cns is highly compartmentalized with clear separations between multisensory higher order neuropiles in the brain and neuropiles serving sensory-motor routines in the ventral cord (huber, 1974). the rich behavior of insects includes orientation in space and time, visual, chemical, and mechanical communication, and complex motor routines for ... | 1995 | 7891123 |
| intrapopulation nestclusters of maternal mtdna lineages in the polygynous ant leptothorax acervorum (hymenoptera: formicidae). | analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) in mitochondrial dna (mtdna) in a population of leptothorax acervorum demonstrates substantial population substructuring. digestion with four restriction endonucleases, haeiii, mboi, mspi and rsai, gave six, four, three and two different patterns, respectively. seven composite haplotypes were obtained from the observed cleavage patterns. uniform aggregations of nests from the same maternal lineage (i.e. with the same haplotype) were fou ... | 1993 | 7903587 |
| childhood insect bite reactions to ants, wasps, and bees. | 1994 | 7924443 | |
| multiplication of 28s rdna and nor activity in chromosome evolution among ants of the myrmecia pilosula species complex. | chromosomal localization of rdna in samples of five taxa of the mymecia pilosula species complex (hymenoptera: formicidae: myrmeciinae) with 2n = 3 (m. croslandi), 8 (m. imaii), 10 (m. banksi), 18 (m. haskinsorum), and 27 (m. pilosula) was carried out by fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) using cloned m. croslandi rdna (pmc.r2) including the coding region for 28s rrna. results show that (1) the 28s rdna in the genome of these ants is repetitive and is localized in pericentromeric c-bands, ... | 1994 | 7924619 |
| schistosoma mansoni: fractionation and characterization of the glycocalyx and glycogen-like material from cercariae. | the glycocalyx (gcx) that covers schistosomal cercariae is a complex molecule that has immunomodulating properties. here, we purified milligram amounts of gcx using anguilla lectin which binds to the gcx covering the cercarial body and tail. typically, 10 million cercariae were extracted with phenol, dialyzed, and chromatographed on a sepharose 2b-cl column. an average of 39 mg of total carbohydrate eluted near the void volume from which 31 mg of glycogen-like material was further separated by l ... | 1994 | 7957759 |
| laboratory study of predation by solenopsis invicta (hymenoptera: formicidae) on eggs of aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae). | the red imported fire ant, solenopsis invicta buren, punctured and fed on the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus (skuse), eggs in the laboratory. the presence and actions of the ants, especially the minima workers, reduced the hatching of egg populations. | 1994 | 7966185 |
| diazinon toxicity in broilers. | ten 3-day-old chicks were submitted from a flock experiencing high mortality. necropsy revealed lacrimation, diarrhea, pleural effusion, hemorrhage and ulceration of the proventriculus, and swollen, hemorrhagic livers. numerous yellow granules were present in the crop. assayed crop contents contained 39 ppm diazinon [o,o-diethyl o-(2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-pyrimidyl)phosphorothioate]. the insecticide had been applied to the litter to control fire ants. the high mortality abated after new litter wa ... | 1994 | 7980296 |
| phylogeny of the attine ant fungi based on analysis of small subunit ribosomal rna gene sequences. | complete 16s-like ribosomal rna coding regions were obtained from the fungal symbiont of five genera of attine (leaf-cutting) ants and two free-living fungi. phylogenetic analyses with distance matrix, maximum likelihood, and parsimony methods revealed that the attine fungal symbionts are homobasidiomycetes in the order agaricales. comparison of the topology of the attine fungal symbiont phylogenetic tree with a tree based on attine ant morphology revealed a congruent branching pattern of the mo ... | 1994 | 7992052 |
| imported fire ants: the ants from hell! | imported fire ants may certainly be considered the ants from hell! this review focuses on both the interesting entomology of fire ants and the important medical characteristics of fire ant stings. they sting and they kill; they destroy; they mate in mid-air; and we may not be able to stop them. however, although they inject extremely potent venom, individuals can prevent secondary infections by leaving the so-called pustules alone and not opening them. individuals who suffer systemic reactions m ... | 1994 | 8005450 |
| defensive use of an acquired substance (carminic acid) by predaceous insect larvae. | larvae of two insects, a coccinellid beetle (hyperaspis trifurcata) and a chamaemyiid fly (leucopis sp.), feed on cochineal insects and appropriate their prey's defensive chemical, carminic acid, for protective purposes of their own. h. trifurcata discharges the chemical with droplets of blood (hemolymph) that it emits when disturbed; leucopis sp. ejects the compound with rectal fluid. ants are thwarted by these defenses, which are compared with the previously-described defense of a pyralid cate ... | 1994 | 8020623 |
| america's inverted health priorities (separating the ants from the elephants). | 1994 | 8027695 | |
| evolution of methods for assessing ciguatera toxins in fish. | ciguatera toxins are odorless, tasteless, and generally undetectable by any simple chemical test; therefore, bioassays have traditionally been used to monitor suspect fish. many native tests for toxicity in fish have been examined, including the discoloration of silver coins or copper wire or the repulsion of flies and ants, but all of these were rejected as invalid. oral feeding of fish to cats or mongoose is a simple and relatively sensitive assay, but cats often regurgitate part of the meal. ... | 1994 | 8029489 |
| resolution of the branched forms of oligosaccharides by high-performance capillary electrophoresis. | the heterogeneous nature of most polysaccharides found in nature includes distribution in molecular weight, primary sequence, and branching. the analytical methodology used in the characterization of these structural aspects must ensure high separation efficiency and selectivity. this paper reports on the high-performance capillary electrophoresis (hpce) separation of branched forms of oligosaccharides as well as some variants in the primary structure. oligosaccharide maps were obtained after se ... | 1994 | 8039171 |
| immunolocalization of ubiquitin in degenerating insect flight muscle. | ubiquitin was localized by immunofluorescence microscopy during post-mating histolysis of fibrillar flight muscle in female fire ants, solenopsis spp. normal muscles, as well as histolysing muscles from artificially inseminated and haemolymph-injected females contained ubiquitin in association with nuclei, z-lines, myofilaments and mitochondria. however, the density of the ubiquitin immunoreaction was markedly increased in the nuclei, z-lines and mitochondria of degenerating tissues 6, 12 and 24 ... | 1994 | 8040003 |
| synthesis of the enantiomers of lasiol, an acyclic monoterpene alcohol in the mandibular gland secretion of the male ants, lasius meridionalis. | (2s,3s)-(-)-lasiol (2,3,6-trimethyl-5-hepten-1-ol, 1) and its antipode were synthesized from cis-4,5-dimethylcyclohexene oxide (3) by employing asymmetric cleavage of the epoxy ring with a chiral lithium amide derived from 4 to give optically active cis-4,5-dimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-ol (5) as the key-step. | 1993 | 8081839 |
| inhibition of membrane fusion by lysophosphatidylcholine. | the ability of lysophosphatidylcholine to inhibit membrane fusion at subsolubilizing concentrations (between 1 and 9 mol % with respect to the membrane lipids) was examined. fusion between n-methyldioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (dope) large unilamellar vesicles (luv) and fusion between sendai virus and n-methyl-dope luv were measured. a contents mixing fusion assay was used for luv fusion (ants/dpx), and a lipid mixing assay (octadecylrhodamine b) was used for the virus fusion experiments. lys ... | 1994 | 8110784 |
| clinical and histologic characterization of cutaneous reactions to stings of the imported fire ant (solenopsis invicta) in dogs. | four adult dogs received experimentally controlled stings in the dorsolateral abdominal skin by imported fire ants (solenopsis invicta). the sites were examined grossly 15 minutes and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours and histologically 15 minutes and 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours after stinging. the initial gross lesions at 15 minutes were swelling and erythema, and the microscopic changes were vascular congestion and superficial dermal edema. by 6 hours, the lesions consisted of bright eryth ... | 1993 | 8116149 |
| effect of the red imported fire ant (hymenoptera: formicidae) and carcass type on the daily occurrence of postfeeding carrion-fly larvae (diptera: calliphoridae, sarcophagidae). | red imported fire ants, solenopsis invicta buren, caused an increased in the proportion of gaps in the daily occurrence of postfeeding larvae of cochliomyia macellaria (f.) in carrion-baited traps. chrysomya rufifacies appeared later in the decomposition process and over a wider period of days in goat than in rabbit carcasses. the dependence of presence or absence of a carrion arthropod taxon at a given point in succession on interactions between other arthropods or carcass type must be consider ... | 1994 | 8158622 |
| parentage analyses in ant colonies using simple sequence repeat loci. | in ants of genus myrmica, female progeny may be the offspring of one to several different queens. in addition, both workers and queens are capable of producing haploid male offspring. even in such complex colonies, parentage can be assigned on the basis of genotypic variation at highly polymorphic simple sequence repeat loci. methods are described for isolating and screening dinucleotide repeat loci in ants. three independent loci, myrt2, myrt3 and myrt4, show expected heterozygosities of 0.94, ... | 1993 | 8162228 |
| medical consequences of multiple fire ant stings occurring indoors. | stings by the imported fire ant almost always lead to dermal wheal and flare reactions followed by sterile pustules at sting sites. less commonly, large local dermal reactions, pyoderma, anaphylaxis, or neuropathy may occur. such reactions have previously been associated with contact with the insects out of doors. we present two previously unreported cases of indoor attacks on individuals by imported fire ants. one patient experienced a cerebrovascular accident in association with the attack, wh ... | 1994 | 8182226 |
| dna fingerprinting analysis of parent-offspring conflict in a bee. | demonstrating the importance of haplodiploidy in the evolution of eusociality among the hymenoptera (bees, wasps, and ants) requires estimation of four parameters: relatedness between cooperating individuals, effective mating frequency, sex ratio, and rates of worker reproduction. multilocus dna fingerprinting techniques permitted the precise determination of these parameters for the primitively eusocial bee augochlorella striata (halictidae). dna fingerprints revealed an unprecedented resolutio ... | 1994 | 8197197 |
| factors influencing the responses to nest damage in the african weaver ant. oecophylla longinoda (latreille). | responses of the african weaver ants (oecophylla longinoda) to nest damages were studied in the field in nigeria. during the wet season, the ants responded to nest damages almost unexceptionnally by a quick onset of nest-repairing behaviour. the latencies to the start of nest-repairing activities (ln) did not depend on the size of the damage, but they were significantly shorter during the night, and positively correlated with ambient temperature. during the dry season, the ants responded to larg ... | 1993 | 8213267 |
| stability of polygyne and monogyne fire ant populations (hymenoptera: formicidae: solenopsis invicta) in the united states. | over the past decade, polygyne red imported fire ants (solenopsis invicta buren) have been found at more and more sites across the southeastern united states. the objective of my study was to determine if polygyne (multiple-queen) populations are expanding and at what rate this might be occurring. more than 200 sites were inspected for polygyny in florida and several other southeastern states. these sites were reinspected 1-3 yr later. results showed that polygyne populations were not expanding ... | 1993 | 8254133 |
| effect of a founder event on variation in the genetic sex-determining system of the fire ant solenopsis invicta. | effects of a recent founder event on genetic diversity in wild populations of the fire ant solenopsis invicta were studied, with particular attention given to the genetic sex-determining system. diploid males are far more common relative to haploid males in introduced populations than in native populations of fire ants, and queens that produce diploid males account for a significantly larger proportion of the mated queens in introduced than in native populations. differences between native and i ... | 1993 | 8293983 |
| phospholipase c-induced aggregation and fusion of cholesterol-lecithin small unilamellar vesicles. | we have investigated the effects of the ca(2+)-requiring enzyme phospholipase c on the stability of sonicated vesicles made with different molar ratios of cholesterol to lecithin. vesicle aggregation is detected by following turbidity with time. upon the addition of phospholipase c and after a short lag period, the turbidity of a vesicle dispersion increases continuously with time. the rate of increase of turbidity increases with both the enzyme-to-vesicle ratio and the cholesterol content of th ... | 1993 | 8334126 |
| dead reckoning in a small mammal: the evaluation of distance. | when hoarding food under infra-red light, golden hamsters mesocricetus auratus w. return fairly directly from a feeding place to their nest site by evaluating and updating internal signals that they have generated during the previous outward journey to the feeding place. to test more specifically the animals' capacity to evaluate the linear components of the outward journey, the subjects were led from their (cone-shaped) nest to a feeding place along a detour which comprised either 2 (experiment ... | 1993 | 8366472 |
| effects of fire ant venom alkaloids on platelet and neutrophil function. | about 95% of venom of the imported fire ant solenopsis invicta is composed of dialkyl piperidines. these alkaloids produce a distinct pustule at the site of injection. the formation of this pustule may involve the activation of platelets and neutrophils. the purpose of this paper was to characterize the effects of fire ant venom alkaloids (fava) on certain physiological and biochemical functions of human platelets and neutrophils. in platelets, fava caused a rise in intracellular [ca2+], secreti ... | 1993 | 8396703 |
| allergens in hymenoptera venom xxiv: the amino acid sequences of imported fire ant venom allergens sol i ii, sol i iii, and sol i iv. | the most common cause of insect venom allergy in the southeastern united states is the imported fire ant. the allergens are among the most potent known, with nanogram doses causing sensitization and provoking anaphylaxis. the complete amino acid sequences of imported fire ant venom allergens, sol i ii, iii, and iv, were determined by solid-phase protein sequencing of overlapping peptide fragments. sol i ii has a single sequence of 119 amino acids and a molecular weight of 13,217. it has seven cy ... | 1993 | 8423273 |
| an adenine nucleotide translocator gene from arabidopsis thaliana. | the sequence of an adenine nucleotide translocator (ant) gene of arabidopsis contains three introns, the first of which is located upstream of the assumed initiation codon. the presequence characteristic for plant ants is processed also in arabidopsis as suggested by western blot analysis, most likely at the conserved cleavage site. | 1993 | 8439563 |
| reactions to imported fire ant stings. | reactions to the sting of the imported fire ant are an increasing problem for residents of the gulf south. three recent evolutionary changes suggest that the habitat of the ants will continue to expand. this article gives a brief review of the problem, including unresolved questions related to management of sting reactions. | 1993 | 8462858 |
| time-resolved and equilibrium measurements of the effects of poly(ethylene glycol) on small unilamellar phospholipid vesicles. | the effects of poly(ethylene glycol) (peg) on sonicated unilamellar vesicles made of phosphatidylcholine have been examined. stopped-flow and equilibrium data are presented for vesicle aggregation, vesicle leakage, lipid mixing, and aqueous contents mixing. vesicle aggregation is detected as a monoexponential increase in light scattering, for peg concentrations between 5 and 10%. in the region between 10-15% and 23-27% peg, under our experimental conditions, the increase in light scattering foll ... | 1993 | 8466910 |
| mitochondrial dna sequences reveal close relationships between social parasitic ants and their host species. | in the tribe leptothoracini, the phylogenetic relationship of socially parasitic ants (doronomyrmex kutteri, d. goesswaldi and harpagoxenus sublaevis) and their host species leptothorax acervorum has been controversial. even more controversial is the relationship between the socially parasitic ant chalepoxenus muellerianus and its host species leptothorax unifasciatus, l. nigriceps, l. interruptus and l. recedens. on the basis of morphological, ecological and ethological criteria it has been arg ... | 1995 | 8529270 |
| pharaoh ant (hymenoptera: formicidae) colony development after consumption of pyriproxyfen baits. | pharaoh ant, monomorium pharaonis (l.), colonies were effectively controlled following ingestion of pyriproxyfen formulated in peanut butter oil. pyriproxyfen, a juvenile hormone analog, reduced egg production in the queens, decreased the amount of brood due to delayed death in the eggs and larvae, caused death of pupae about 3 wk after treatment, and decreased the number of workers due to attrition and toxic effects. queens, which continued to produce a small amount of eggs, eventually died. qu ... | 1995 | 8537545 |
| [protein composition of venoms from several species of tropical ants and their effect on mitochondrial h+-atpase]. | protein compositions of venoms of south-american stinging ants, ectatomma tuberculatum, paraponera clavata (subfamily ponerinae), and "tangarana" were analyzed. the venom of e. tuberculatum displayed the most complex protein composition (more than 15 polypeptides). the water-soluble fraction of the venoms of p. clavata and "tangarana" contained acidic proteins (pi < 3.5 to 5.2), whereas the venom of e. tuberculatum contained predominantly basic proteins (pi 8 to > 9.5). n-terminal residues and n ... | 1995 | 8540897 |
| a method for monitoring the glycosylation of recombinant glycoproteins from conditioned medium, using fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis. | we have developed a method for monitoring the n-glycosylation of recombinant glycoproteins directly from conditioned medium samples. proteins in the conditioned medium are separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and electroblotted onto polyvinylidene fluoride membranes. after staining the membranes with coomassie blue, the protein(s) of interest is excised. oligosaccharides are released from the membrane-bound glycoprotein by digesting with peptide n4-(acetyl-beta- ... | 1995 | 8572298 |
| separation of 8-aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid-labelled neutral and sialylated n-linked complex oligosaccharides by capillary electrophoresis. | complex oligosaccharides, both neutral and sialylated, were derivatized with 8-aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid (ants) and separated by capillary electrophoresis. the derivatization reaction was carried out in a total reaction volume of 2 microliters. the separated peaks were detected by laser-induced fluorescence detection using the 325-nm line of a he-cd laser. concentration and mass detection limits of 5 x 10(-8) m and 500 amol, respectively, could be achieved. the limiting step for hi ... | 1995 | 8574387 |
| leakage of membrane vesicle contents: determination of mechanism using fluorescence requenching. | agents such as antimicrobial peptides and toxins can permeabilize membrane vesicles to cause leakage of entrapped contents in either a graded or an all-or-none fashion. determination of which mode of leakage is induced is an important step in understanding the molecular mechanism of membrane permeabilization. wimley et al. (1994, protein sci. 3:1362-1378) have developed a fluorescence method for distinguishing the two modes that makes use of the dye/quencher pair 8-aminonapthalene-1,3,6 trisulfo ... | 1995 | 8580339 |
| detection of carbohydrates in capillary electrophoresis. | this review focuses on recent developments in sensitive detection modes for carbohydrates after separation by capillary electrophoretic methods. to bring detection sensitivity for carbohydrates analysis in line with current methods in protein sequencing, concentration detection limits of 10(-6) molar or better are required. a discussion of mass detection limits and concentration detection limits is followed by an overview of detection modes for natural and labeled carbohydrates. amperometric det ... | 1996 | 8601201 |
| the evolution of soldiers in aphids. | 1. defensive individuals, termed soldiers, have recently been discovered in aphids, soldiers are typically early instar larvae, and in many species the soldiers are reproductively sterile and morphologically and behaviourally specialized. 2. since aphids reproduce parthenogenetically, we might expect soldier production to be more widespread in aphids than it is. we suggest that a more useful way to think about these problems is to attempt to understand how a clone (rather than an individual) sho ... | 1996 | 8603120 |
| chemical egg defense in a green lacewing (ceraeochrysa smithi) | the green lacewing ceraeochrysa smithi (neuroptera, chrysopidae), like other members of its family, lays its eggs on stalks, but it is unusual in that it coats these stalks with droplets of an oily fluid. the liquid consists of a mixture of fatty acids, an ester, and a series of straight-chain aldehydes. relative to the eggs of a congeneric chrysopid that lacks stalk fluid, the eggs of c. smithi proved well protected against ants. components of the fluid, in an assay with a cockroach, proved pot ... | 1996 | 8622928 |
| alkaloids from frog skins: selective probes for ion channels and nicotinic receptors. | amphibian skin has provided a wide range of biologically active alkaloids, many of which have unique profiles of pharmacological activity and therapeutic potential. over three hundred alkaloids have been identified and structures of over a dozen different classes of alkaloids have been elucidated. these include the batrachotoxins, which were shown to be potent and selective activators and ligands for sodium channels, the histrionicotoxins, which were shown to be potent non-competitive blockers a ... | 1995 | 8634674 |
| development of an aqueous-space mixing assay for fusion of granules and plasma membranes from human neutrophils. | several models have been developed to study neutrophil degranulation. at the most basic level, phospholipid vesicles have been used to investigate the lipid interactions occurring during membrane fusion. the two major forms of assays used to measure phospholipid vesicle fusion are based either on the dilution of tagged phospholipids within the membrane of the two fusing partners or the mixing of the aqueous contents of the vesicles. although problems exist with both methods, the latter is consid ... | 1996 | 8670059 |
| role of anthracyclines in the treatment of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. | in acute myelogenous leukemia, early treatment is usually attempted with the so-called 3+7 regimen, employing daunorubicin (dnr) or idarubicin (idr) for 3 consecutive days. in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all), the role of agreement regarding ant dosage and schedule, preferable compound, and indications for remission induction and consolidation treatment phases. here we review the role of these drugs in adult all. the results indicate that ants may offer the best survival chance when used at fu ... | 1996 | 8677741 |
| molecular phylogeny of azteca ants (hymenoptera:formicidae) and the colonization of cecropia trees. | despite the prominence of the azteca-cecropia interaction as the focus of extensive ecological investigation, a reliable phylogeny of the azteca ants has been lacking, primarily because many of the morphological and behavioral characters are phylogenetically uninformative or conflicting. a phylogenetic analysis of a select set of azteca ants, including six cecropia inhabitants and two non-cecropia inhabitants, plus an outgroup taxon, is presented on the basis of mitochondrial dna sequences. the ... | 1996 | 8728400 |
| the analysis of fluorophore-labeled carbohydrates by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. | the glycans of glycoconjugates mediate numerous important biological processes. their separation and structural determination present considerable difficulties because of the small quantities that are available from biological sources and the inherent difficulty of analyzing the wide variety of complex structures that exist. a method for the analysis of reducing saccharides by page that uses specific fluorophore labeling and is simple, rapid, sensitive, and readily available to biological resear ... | 1996 | 8734424 |
| [the effect of intrathecal injection of neurotensin on acupuncture analgesia in rats]. | the influence of intrathecal injection of neurotensin (nt) and anti-nt serum (ants) on pain threshold, and electroacupuncture (ea) analgesia in the rat was investigated. the tail-flick induced by potassium iontophoresis was used to measure the pain threshold. the increase of pain threshold was observed within 100 min, after nt injection (2 micrograms), and it was more effective than that of the acsf injection (p < 0.01). the nt administration could also enhance the ea analgesia. on the contrary, ... | 1995 | 8758821 |
| the continuing saga of imported fire ants: evolution before our eyes. | 1996 | 8760772 | |
| hypersensitivity to fire ant venom. | reading this article will reinforce the reader's knowledge of the taxonomy, origin, and distribution of fire ants and will increase his ability to diagnose and manage reactions caused by the two imported species, solenopsis invicta and richteri. this review will also enhance the reader's knowledge of the available diagnostic methods and therapeutic measures, including the role of fire ant venom versus whole body extract in the management of fire ant allergy. | 1996 | 8760773 |
| genomic dispersion of 28s rdna during karyotypic evolution in the ant genus myrmecia (formicidae) | the chromosomal localization of 28s rdna was investigated in 16 speices of the australian ant genus myrmecia, with 2n numbers ranging from 4 to 76, using the fluorescence in situ hybridization method and karyographic analysis. a unique phenomenon was observed: the number of chromosomes carrying 28s rdna increases from 2 in species with low chromosome numbers to 19 in species with high chromosome numbers. this is termed rdna dispersion. centric fission and a reciprocal translocation that occurs i ... | 1996 | 8781187 |
| primary tetradecenyl amines from the ant monomorium floricola. | in contrast to other ants in the genus monomorium that produce cyclic amines, extracts of monomorium floricola contain (z)-7-tetradecenylamine (1) and (z)-9-tetradecenylamine (2). the structures of these compounds were established from their spectral data and by comparison with synthetic 2. | 1996 | 8792628 |
| millipede defense: use of detachable bristles to entangle ants. | the millipede polyxenus fasciculatus (diplopoda; polyxenida) defends itself against ants by use of a pair of bristle tufts at its rear. when attacked, it wipes the tufts against the ants, thereby causing these to become encumbered by bristles that detach from the tufts. ants contaminated with bristles desist from their assault. the bristles have grappling hooks at the tip by which they lock onto setae of the ants and barbs along their length by which they interlink. in attempting to rid themselv ... | 1996 | 8855269 |
| intracellular endosymbiotic bacteria of camponotus species (carpenter ants): systematics, evolution and ultrastructural characterization. | intracellular endosymbiotic bacteria inherent to ants of the genus camponotus were characterized. the bacteria were localized in bacteriocytes, which are specialized cells of both workers and queen ants; these cells are intercalated between epithelial cells of the midgut. the bacteriocytes show a different morphology from the normal epithelial cells and carry a large number of the rod-shaped gram-negative bacteria free in the cytoplasm. the bacteria were never observed in the neighbouring epithe ... | 1996 | 8866472 |
| transalveolar osmotic and diffusional water permeability in intact mouse lung measured by a novel surface fluorescence method. | a surface fluorescence method was developed to measure transalveolar transport of water, protons, and solutes in intact perfused lungs. lungs from c57 mice were removed and perfused via the pulmonary artery (approximately 2 ml/min). the airspace was filled via the trachea with physiological saline containing a membrane-impermeant fluorescent indicator (fitc-dextran or aminonapthalene trisulfonic acid, ants). because fluorescence is detected only near the lung surface due to light absorption by l ... | 1996 | 8882859 |
| molecular phylogenetic study of a myrmecophyte symbiosis: did leonardoxa/ ant associations diversify via cospeciation? | the leonardoxa africana (leguminosae: caesalpinioideae) complex is a group of four closely related taxa (l1 to l4) exhibiting various grades of specificity and specialization in mutualistic associations with ants. each of the two most specialized species, leonardoxa taxon 3 (l3) and l. africana sensu stricto (l4), interacts with a specific species of formicine ant, respectively aphomomyrmex after and petalomyrmex phylax, which nests in specialized swollen twigs. these two monotypic genera are th ... | 1996 | 8899728 |
| separation of 8-aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonate (ants)-labeled oligomers containing galacturonic acid by capillary electrophoresis: application to determining the substrate specificity of endopolygalacturonases. | slight modifications of published procedures (stefansson, m. and novotny, m., carbohydr. res. 1994, 258 1-9) allow separation by relative size of 8-amino-naphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonate (ants)-labeled neutral and acidic oligosaccharides by electrophoresis in uncoated capillaries. the separations are performed at ph 2.5 to suppress both any charge from carboxylic acid groups on the oligosaccharides and electroosmotic flow. utility of the procedure is demonstrated by its application to characteriza ... | 1996 | 8900946 |
| the influence of buffer composition on separation efficiency and resolution in capillary electrophoresis of 8-aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid labeled monosaccharides and complex carbohydrates. | the effect of buffer conditions -- varying in salt type, ph, and concentration -- on the separation of 8-aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid (ants)-labeled monosaccharides and complex-type carbohydrates was investigated. different buffer systems for high and low electroosmotic flow conditions were chosen: a phosphate and a citrate background electrolyte, each at ph 2.5, a phosphate buffer, ph 9.0, and a borate buffer at ph 9.5. all buffer systems displayed differences in resolution and selec ... | 1996 | 8907527 |
| restricted ingestion of bacteria by fire ants | fire ant queens and workers from colonies fed to repletion on serratia marcescens, bacillus thuringiensis, or bacillus sphaericus were aseptically dissected, and homogenates of their thoracic and gastric guts were plated on appropriate media to determine whether bacteria were ingested. all three species of bacteria were effectively excluded from the gut of both queens and workers. a small, slow-growing, gram-negative bacterium, noted in some of the test queens, was subsequently isolated from the ... | 1996 | 8954815 |
| transmission of information regarding the quantitative characteristics of an object in ants. | results of laboratory experiments demonstrating that ants are capable of assessing the number of objects within the limits of several tens and transmit this information to other individuals are described. it has been demonstrated that ants may use these capacities for transmitting information regarding the coordinates of an object. | 1996 | 9000211 |
| bilayer interactions of indolicidin, a small antimicrobial peptide rich in tryptophan, proline, and basic amino acids. | tryptophan, proline, and basic amino acids have all been implicated as being important in the assembly and structure of membrane proteins. indolicidin, an antimicrobial 13-residue peptide-amide isolated from the cytoplasmic granules of bovine neutrophils, is highly enriched in these amino acids: five tryptophans, three prolines, three basic residues, and no acidic residues. consistent with the likely importance of these amino acids in membrane protein assembly, indolicidin is known to be highly ... | 1997 | 9017204 |
| [lice, fleas, ticks and ants: non-venomous apterous arthropods]. | 1996 | 9026587 | |
| immunochemical studies of stinging insect venom allergens. | several major venom allergens from different insects of the hymenoptera order have been cloned and sequenced by different laboratories. these insects include fire ants, honey bees, hornets, yellowjackets and wasps. these venom allergens have different biochemical functions, but have one feature in common, their varying extents of sequence identity with other proteins in our environment. our studies in mice suggest that recombinant fragments containing regions of sequence identity of venom allerg ... | 1996 | 9028002 |
| transbilayer lipid redistribution accompanies poly(ethylene glycol) treatment of model membranes but is not induced by fusion. | small, unilamellar vesicles (suv) or large, unilamellar vesicles (luv) containing a small amount of n-(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)phosphatidylethanolamine (nbd-pe) or the corresponding phosphatidylserine (nbd-ps) were made asymmetric in labeled lipid by reduction of outer leaflet probe with externally added sodium dithionite. following removal of dithionite, transbilayer lipid redistribution (presumably due to lipid flip-flop) was indicated by a loss of fluorescence intensity upon readditi ... | 1997 | 9047306 |
| f-wave recordings from nasal muscle for intraoperative monitoring of facial nerve function. | the generation of the f-wave in muscle after peripheral motor nerve stimulation depends upon the functional integrity of the entire motoaxon between its axon hillock and the motor endplates. cerebellopontine angle (cpa) surgery bears the risk of damaging the facial nerve in its root exit zone; functional degradation should therefore be reflected by changes of the nasal muscle f-wave. constant current pulses supraliminal for direct (m) muscular responses were applied subcutaneously to the zygomat ... | 1996 | 9050200 |
| tissue-specific accumulation patterns of pb, cd, cu, zn, fe, and mn inworkers of three ant species (formicidae, hymenoptera) from a metal-polluted site. | the present study compares the metal levels (pb, cd, cu,zn, fe, mn) in different tissues of workers of the ant species formicapratensis retzius, formica polyctena (förster), andcamponotus ligniperda (latreille) collected from a metal-pollutedsite. in all species, highest metal levels were found in the midgut, followedby the malpighian tubules and the hindgut. additional target sites were themandibles and ovarioles for zn and pb, cu, zn, and fe, respectively. amongthe investigated exocrine glands ... | 1997 | 9069193 |
| multilocus evolution in fire ants: effects of selection, gene flow and recombination. | the reproductive success of individual fire ant queens (solenopsis invicta) previously has been shown to be strongly influenced by their genotype at a single enzyme-encoding gene, designated pgm-3. this paper presents evidence that a second, tightly linked gene, designated gp-9, is under similarly strong selection in these ants. selection appears to act independently on the two genes and is detectable in only one of the two social forms of this species (the "polygyne" social form in which nests ... | 1997 | 9093850 |
| hymenoptera hypersensitivity in an imported fire ant endemic area. | imported fire ants are a common cause of insect venom hypersensitivity in the southeastern united states. | 1997 | 9109704 |
| yeasts associated with nests of the leaf-cutting ant atta sexdens rubropilosa forel, 1908. | a total of 137 yeasts associated with the leaf-cutting ant atta sexdens rubropilosa forel, 1908 were characterized, being selected 93 for analysis. twenty four species belonging to seven genera (candida, cryptococcus, rhodotorula, sporobolomyces, tremella, trichosporon, pichia) were isolated from the different analysed material. the genus candida was widely distributed, with c. homilentoma, c. colliculosa-like, c. famata and c. colliculosa being the most prevalent. a few isolates did not fit the ... | 1997 | 9111918 |
| active random walkers simulate trunk trail formation by ants. | a simple model for interactive structure formation is studied to simulate the trail formation by ants based on local chemical communication. in our model, active random walkers, which do not have the ability of visual navigation or storage of information, first have to discover different distributions of food sources and then have to link these sources to a central place by forming a trail, using no other guidance than the chemical markings produced by themselves. the simulations show the sponta ... | 1997 | 9113350 |
| from ants to analogues. puzzles and promises in diabetes management. | 1997 | 9126208 | |
| acyl chain unsaturation and vesicle curvature alter outer leaflet packing and promote poly(ethylene glycol)-mediated membrane fusion. | the poly(ethylene glycol) (peg)-induced fusion of sonicated, unilamellar vesicles (suv) and large, unilamellar vesicles (luv) composed of a variety of phosphatidylcholine species was compared using two assays for the mixing and leakage of internal vesicle contents. in the first [lentz et al. (1992) biochemistry, 31, 2643], disodium 8-aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonate (ants) fluorescence is quenched by co-encapsulated n,n'-p-xylylenebis(pyridinium bromide) (dpx). for this assay, interference by ... | 1997 | 9153423 |
| characterization of vinyl-substituted, carbon-carbon double bonds by gc/ft-ir analysis. | vapor-phase infrared spectra allow the determination of the stereochemistry of carbon-carbon double bonds conjugated with a vinyl group. cis and trans isomers of unsubstituted 1,3-alkadienes can be differentiated on the basis of the differences observed in the 900-1000 cm-1 region (spectra of cis isomers show two bands at 993 and 906 cm-1, while those of trans compounds show three absorptions at 998, 949, and 902 cm-1) and the 1590-1650 cm-1 region (the c=c stretch bands are observed at 1595 and ... | 1997 | 9164159 |
| psyllids as a potential source of heavy metals for predators. | contents of al, fe, zn, cu, cd, mn, ni, and hg were determined in 14 species of psyllids and in leaves of their host plants from unpolluted sites (finland) and industrially polluted sites in poland. generally, psyllids accumulated low amounts of metals, but their metal burdens increased with age. exuvia were important for the elimination of al, ni, and mn, and larval wax for al, cu, and ni. biomagnification of metals, expressed as the concentration factor (cf) was low (cf: 0.56-1.08) for mn, al, ... | 1997 | 9175502 |
| analysis of the nucleolar organizing regions in the ant tapinoma nigerrimum (hymenoptera, formicidae). | this study analyses the nors of tapinoma nigerrimum, a species that, as known from previous studies, has various chromosomes which carry a nor site. the analysis was made by a combination of three methods: silver nitrate staining, in situ hybridization with fluorescein-or digoxigenin-labelled probes, and staining with the cg-specific fluorochrome chromomycin a3. the silver staining technique showed an ag-positive region on chromosome 6 and on various other chromosomes. however, the application o ... | 1997 | 9203352 |
| detection of magnetism in the red imported fire ant (solenopsis invicta) using magnetic resonance imaging. | red imported fire ant (solenopsis invicta) workers, queens, and alates were analyzed by magnetic resonance imaging (mri) for the presence of natural magnetism. images of ants showed distortion patterns similar to those of honey bees and monarch butterflies, both of which possess ferromagnetic material. the bipolar ring patterns of mri indicated the presence in fire ants of small amounts of internal magnetic material, which may be used in orientation behaviors, as in the honey bees. | 1997 | 9209721 |
| juvenile hormone in adult eusocial hymenoptera: gonadotropin and behavioral pacemaker. | studies on the role of juvenile hormone (jh) in adult social hymenoptera have focused on the regulation of two fundamental aspects of colony organization: reproductive division of labor between queens and workers and age-related division of labor among workers. jh acts as a gonadotropin in the primitively eusocial wasp and bumble bee species studied, and may also play this role in the advanced eusocial fire ants. however, there is no evidence that jh acts as a traditional gonadotropin in the adv ... | 1997 | 9210289 |
| mandible muscle fibers in ants: fast or powerful? | ants use their mandibles for catching prey, cracking seeds, cutting leaves, or for the construction of nests and the tender care of brood. the functional morphology of the mandibles reflect the species' adaptations to particular foraging habits and social life. the versatility and specialization of the mandibles depend directly on the design and physiology of the mandible closer muscles and their component fibers. a comparative video analysis of the closing movements of ant mandibles revealed th ... | 1997 | 9211838 |
| a novel cdna from drosophila encoding a protein with similarity to mammalian cysteine-rich secretory proteins, wasp venom antigen 5, and plant group 1 pathogenesis-related proteins. | the cap protein family is made up of a group of secreted proteins that share sequence similarity. members of this family are found in animals, plants, and fungi, and their shared sequence similarity suggests that members share a common, but as yet unknown, molecular function. as a first step in defining the function of cap family proteins, an 878 bp partial cdna encoding a novel member of the cap family was cloned by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) from total rna of adult drosophila. the cdn ... | 1997 | 9218711 |
| ant colonies for the travelling salesman problem. | we describe an artificial ant colony capable of solving the travelling salesman problem (tsp). ants of the artificial colony are able to generate successively shorter feasible tours by using information accumulated in the form of a pheromone trail deposited on the edges of the tsp graph. computer simulations demonstrate that the artificial ant colony is capable of generating good solutions to both symmetric and asymmetric instances of the tsp. the method is an example, like simulated annealing, ... | 1997 | 9231906 |
| effects of birds on the intensity of ant rain: a terrestrial form of invertebrate drift | large numbers of wood ants, formica aquiloniacrawl up trees to gather food (arthropods and honeydew), and most return to the ground the same way. a small but noticeable percentage, however, returns to the ground by falling. this continuous rain of free-falling ants, from trees to the ground, is analogous to the drift of invertebrates in freshwater streams, and provides ecologists with an easily replicated terrestrial system for studying the phenomenon of drift. in a field experiment in this syst ... | 1997 | 9268439 |