Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| a novel gene mutation that confers abnormal patterns of beta-carotene accumulation in cauliflower (brassica oleracea var. botrytis). | the or gene of cauliflower (brassica oleracea var. botrytis) causes many tissues of the plant to accumulate carotenoids and turn orange, which is suggestive of a perturbation of the normal regulation of carotenogenesis. a series of experiments to explore the cellular basis of the carotenoid accumulation induced by the or gene was completed. the or gene causes obvious carotenoid accumulation in weakly or unpigmented tissues such as the curd, pith, leaf bases and shoot meristems, and cryptically i ... | 2001 | 11359610 |
| lactones. 6. microbial lactonization of gamma,delta-epoxy esters. | the ability of 19 microorganisms to perform the enantioselective lactonization of racemic gamma,delta-epoxy ester 3a and its 7-methyl homolog 3b was checked. it was found that rhodotorula rubra preferentialy transformed both substrates to (-)-enantiomers of trans delta-hydroxy-gamma-lactones with ee 76% for 3a and 24% for 3b. the best efficiency (20-30%) and enantioselectivity (ee 60-100%) of formation of (-)-gamma-hydroxy-delta-lactones 6a and 6b was observed for lactonization by botrytis ciner ... | 2001 | 11370019 |
| the abc transporter bcatrb from botrytis cinerea is a determinant of the activity of the phenylpyrrole fungicide fludioxonil. | this study demonstrates that the atp-binding cassette (abc) transporter bcatrb from botrytis cinerea influences the activity of phenlpyrrole fungicides against the pathogen. this conclusion is based on toxicity assays and northern analysis experiments which show that bcatrb replacement mutants, which do not express the bcatrb gene, show an increased sensitivity to the phenylpyrrole fungicides fludioxonil and fenpiclonil. mutants overexpressing bcatrb exhibit a decreased sensitivity to these fung ... | 2001 | 11374155 |
| botrydial is produced in plant tissues infected by botrytis cinerea. | the fungal metabolite botrydial was detected for the first time in ripe fruits of sweet pepper (capsicum annuum) wound-inoculated with conidial suspensions of botrytis cinerea and also in leaves of phaseolus vulgaris and arabidopsis thaliana inoculated without wounding. this phytotoxin was produced in soft rot regions of the infection. in c. annuum, the most aggressive isolate produced the highest botrydial concentrations in planta. the levels of botrydial produced by this isolate did not correl ... | 2001 | 11397435 |
| beta-aminobutyric acid-induced protection of arabidopsis against the necrotrophic fungus botrytis cinerea. | the non-protein amino acid beta-aminobutyric acid (baba) protects numerous plants against various pathogens. protection of arabidopsis plants against virulent pathogens involves the potentiation of pathogen-specific defense responses. to extend the analysis of the mode of action of baba to necrotrophs we evaluated the effect of this chemical on arabidopsis plants infected with the gray mold fungus botrytis cinerea. baba-treated arabidopsis were found to be less sensitive to two different strains ... | 2001 | 11402183 |
| primary structure and transcription patterns of rpl36, a ribosomal protein-encoding gene of the mycoparasitic fungus, trichoderma hamatum. | we report the isolation and expression profiles of a single-copy gene from the mycoparasitic fungus trichoderma hamatum encoding a 60 s cytoplasmic ribosomal protein. the gene, named rpl36, was cloned through its nutrient-mediated expression, using mrna differential screening. its predicted orf, interrupted by two introns, encoded a 105-aa polypeptide. the deduced rpl36 protein showed high overall homologies with other l36-type ribosomal proteins isolated from yeast, rat and human. analysis of t ... | 2001 | 11409180 |
| improved antifungal activity of a mutant of trichoderma harzianum cect 2413 which produces more extracellular proteins. | trichoderma harzianum is a well-known biological control agent against fungal plant diseases. in order to select improved biocontrol strains from trichoderma harzianum cect 2413, a mutant has been isolated for its ability to produce wider haloes than the wild type, when hydrolysing pustulan, a polymer of beta-1,6-glucan. the mutant possesses between two and four times more chitinase, beta-1,3- and beta-1,6-glucanase activities than the wild type, produces about three times more extracellular pro ... | 2001 | 11414328 |
| antifungal activity of a novel endochitinase gene (chit36) from trichoderma harzianum rifai tm. | a novel 36-kda endochitinase named chit36 has been isolated and characterized from trichoderma harzianum rifai tm. partial amino acid sequences from the purified protein were used to clone the fungal cdna, based on polymerase chain reaction with degenerate primers. the complete open reading frame encodes a 344-amino acid protein which shows 84% similarity to a putative chitinase from streptomyces coelicolor. chit36 was overexpressed under the pki1 constitutive promoter from trichoderma reesei vi ... | 2001 | 11425470 |
| identification of two different 14-alpha sterol demethylase-related genes (cyp51a and cyp51b) in aspergillus fumigatus and other aspergillus species. | two cyp51-related genes (cyp51a and cyp51b) encoding 14-alpha sterol demethylase-like enzymes were identified in the opportunistic human pathogen aspergillus fumigatus. pcr amplification using degenerate oligonucleotides based on conserved areas of cytochrome p450 demethylases of other filamentous fungi and yeasts allowed the cloning and sequencing of two different homologue genes in a. fumigatus. southern analysis confirmed that both genes hybridized to distinct genomic loci and that both are r ... | 2001 | 11427550 |
| in vitro tolerance to botrytis cinerea of grapevine 41b rootstock in transgenic plants expressing the stilbene synthase vst1 gene under the control of a pathogen-inducible pr 10 promoter. | resveratrol is a major phytoalexin in grapevine but its synthesis in response to phytopathogen attack decreases with grape berry ripening. a chimeric gene combining an alfalfa pr 10 promoter and vst1 (vitis stilbene synthase 1) gene was introduced into the genome of 41b rootstock. transgenic plants were analysed for resveratrol production in leaves infected with botrytis using an in vitro test. among the 50 transgenic lines analysed, some exhibited a production lower than the non-transgenic cont ... | 2001 | 11432907 |
| peptides from pinto bean and red bean with sequence homology to cowpea 10-kda protein precursor exhibit antifungal, mitogenic, and hiv-1 reverse transcriptase-inhibitory activities. | peptides with a molecular weight of 5 kda have been isolated from seeds of the pinto bean and red bean, respectively. the peptides manifest an n-terminal sequence with remarkable resemblance to those of cowpea 10-kda protein precursor and garden pea disease resistance response protein. the bean peptides possess potent antifungal activity toward a variety of fungal species including botrytis cinerea, mycosphaerella arachidicola, and fusarium oxysporum. the proteins also demonstrate mitogenic acti ... | 2001 | 11444860 |
| expression of exo-polygalacturonases in botrytis cinerea. | the pathogenic fungus, botrytis cinerea, causing gray mold disease in a variety of plant species, secretes at least four polygalacturonases (pgs), cell wall degrading enzymes. among them, we prepared polyclonal antibody against purified 66-kda exo-pg in rabbit. immunoblot analysis revealed that the antibody recognized two exo-pgs, 66 kda and 70 kda in molecular mass, secreted from b. cinerea cultured in the medium containing citrus pectin as a carbon source. by immunohistochemical analysis, the ... | 2001 | 11445175 |
| butyl acetate and yeasts interact in adhesion and germination of botrytis cinerea conidia in vitro and in fungal decay of golden delicious apple. | butyl acetate is a volatile aroma and flavor compound in apple. conidia of three strains of botrytis cinerea, a fungus that causes decay of apple fruit in postharvest storage, had greater adhesion to and greater germination on polycarbonate membrane filters on water inside sealed 500 cc glass jars that were injected with 4 microliters butyl acetate than conidia not so exposed. conidial germination was highly correlated with conidial adhesion. the yeasts sporobolomyces roseus and cryptococcus lau ... | 2001 | 11446303 |
| ascorbate, glutathione and related enzymes in chloroplasts of tomato leaves infected by botrytis cinerea. | the effect of botrytis cinerea infection on the total pool sizes of ascorbate, glutathione and their redox status, the activities of ascorbate-glutathione cycle related enzymes, apx, dhar, gr as well as gst and gsh-px activities in chloroplasts isolated from tomato leaves were studied. an accelerated chlorophyll loss in chloroplasts from infected leaves was observed. the aa content was not changed considerably but a burst in dha formation, up to 319% of control, and a significant prooxidative sh ... | 2001 | 11448747 |
| optimum timing of insecticide applications against diamondback moth plutella xylostella in cole crops using threshold catches in sex pheromone traps. | field trials were conducted in cabbage (brassica oleracea var capitata), cauliflower (b oleracea var botrytis) and knol khol (b oleracea gongylodes) crops at two different locations in karnataka state (india) to optimize the timing of insecticide applications to control the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella, using sex pheromone traps. our results indicate that applications of cartap hydrochloride as insecticide during a 12-24 h period after the pheromone traps had caught on average 8, 12 and ... | 2001 | 11455637 |
| fungitoxic activity of 12 essential oils against four postharvest citrus pathogens: chemical analysis of thymus capitatus oil and its effect in subatmospheric pressure conditions. | the fungitoxic activity against penicillium digitatum, penicillium italicum, botrytis cinerea, and alternaria citri of 12 essential oils (eos) distilled from medicinal plants is reported. the results of the in vitro trials show strong fungitoxic activity of thymus capitatus (l.) hofmgg eos, which inhibited the growth of the four fungi at a concentration of 250 ppm (vol/vol). the other 11 essences reduced the development of the fungi from 95 to 9% at 250 ppm (vol/vol). the fungitoxic activity of ... | 2001 | 11456187 |
| botrytis cinerea endopolygalacturonase genes are differentially expressed in various plant tissues. | botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of blight, rot, and gray mold on many plant species, secretes various endopolygalacturonases during all stages of infection. the expression pattern of the encoding genes (bcpg 1-6) was studied on four hosts: tomato, broad bean, apple, and courgette (also known as zucchini). all gene family members are differentially expressed, depending on the stage of infection and the host. bcpg1 is expressed in all tissues tested although differences in transcript levels occ ... | 2001 | 11456462 |
| effects of procymidone, fludioxonil and pyrimethanil on two non-target aquatic plants. | procymidone, fludioxonil, and pyrimethanil are widely used to control the pathogenic fungus botrytis cinerea in champagne's vineyards. these fungicides may end up in surface waters and present potential risks for aquatic vascular plants and algae. therefore, their toxicity was evaluated on lemna minor and scenedesmus acutus in six-day or 48-h tests, respectively. based on growth and chlorophyll (chl) content of l. minor and s. acutus cultures, the results showed that the alga was the most sensit ... | 2001 | 11459152 |
| effect of nitrogen source and ph on siderophore production by rhodotorula strains and their application to biocontrol of phytopathogenic moulds. | the production of rhodotorulic acid, a siderophore synthesized by rhodotorula strains, was improved with the objective of achieving the biocontrol of phytopathogenic moulds. rhodotorulic acid increased up to 60% in the presence of urea as a nitrogen source, ph near to 8 and a c:n ratio of 8:1. the siderophore-containing spent medium showed in vitro antifungal activity against important plant pathogens including botrytis cinerea, which causes grey mould on a wide variety of host plants including ... | 2001 | 11464271 |
| synthesis and in vitro antifungal activity of 1-amino-3,4-dialkylnaphthalene-2-carbonitriles and their analogues. | twenty-four 3- and/or 4-alkyl-substituted 1-aminonaphthalene-2-carbonitriles and their analogues were prepared and evaluated for growth-inhibiting activity against four phytopathogenic fungi: fusarium culmorum, alternaria brassicicola, botrytis cinerea and penicillium expansum. the results obtained were compared with the activity of a commercial fungicide. the highest fungistatic activity was revealed by amino nitriles having hydrogen atoms or only one short alkyl group (ch3, c2h5) at the 3- or ... | 2001 | 11464795 |
| hypsin, a novel thermostable ribosome-inactivating protein with antifungal and antiproliferative activities from fruiting bodies of the edible mushroom hypsizigus marmoreus. | a novel ribosome-inactivating protein with a molecular weight of 20 kda was isolated from fruiting bodies of the mushroom hypsizigus marmoreus. the isolation procedure entailed ion exchange chromatography on cm-cellulose, affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel and ion exchange chromatography on mono q. the protein designated hypsin demonstrated an inhibitory action against mycelial growth in various fungal species including mycosphaerella arachidicola, physalospora piricola, fusarium oxysp ... | 2001 | 11467862 |
| a fatty acid desaturase modulates the activation of defense signaling pathways in plants. | salicylic acid (sa) plays an important role in activating various plant defense responses, including expression of the pathogenesis-related (pr) genes and systemic acquired resistance. a critical positive regulator of the sa signaling pathway in arabidopsis is encoded by the npr1 gene. however, there is growing evidence that npr1-independent pathways can also activate pr expression and disease resistance. to elucidate the components associated with npr1-independent defense signaling, we isolated ... | 2001 | 11481500 |
| accumulation of 2,5-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone in suspension cultures of panax ginseng by a fungal elicitor preparation and a yeast elicitor preparation. | suspension cultures of panax ginseng c.a. meyer (araliaceae) were treated with either an elicitor preparation from the culture broth of the phytopathogenic hyphomycete botrytis cinerea or a yeast elicitor preparation, and the accumulation of a new compound, which was not detected in non-elicited cultures, was observed. the accumulated compound was isolated and shown to be 2,5-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone by 1h-nmr, 13c-nmr and electron ionization (ei) mass spectra. while it is well known that this ... | 2001 | 11499937 |
| purification of chrysancorin, a novel antifungal protein with mitogenic activity from garland chrysanthemum seeds. | a novel antifungal protein, designated chrysancorin, was isolated from seeds of chrysanthemum coronarium var. spatiosum with a procedure involving ion exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose, affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue resin, ion exchange chromatography on sp-sepharose and fplc-gel filtration on superdex 75. the n-terminus of chrysancorin displays sequence similarity to the genomic sequence of chromosome 1 from arabidopsis thaliana bac t19e23. chrysancorin exhibits a molecular ma ... | 2001 | 11501760 |
| characterisation of the yeast pichia membranifaciens and its possible use in the biological control of botrytis cinerea, causing the grey mould disease of grapevine. | pichia membranifaciens strain fy-101, isolated from grape skins, was found to be antagonistic to botrytis cinerea, the causal organism of the grey mould disease of the grapevine. when grown together on solid as well as liquid media, the yeast brings about the inhibition of this parasitic fungus, coagulation and leakage of its cytoplasm, and suppression of its ability to produce the characteristic grey mould symptoms on the grapevine plantlets. in vitro experiments confirm that this yeast can be ... | 2001 | 11520619 |
| stress induced carbazole phytoalexins in glycosmis species. | induced formation of a series of carbazole alkaloids was observed in leaves of glycosmis parviflora and g. pentaphylla after wounding, uv-irradiation, and particularly after inoculation with the fungus botrytis cinerea. chemical variation between different provenances and even individuals of g. parviflora led to an accumulation of different derivatives from which three proved to be undescribed natural products. their structures were identified by spectroscopic methods and named carbalexins a, b, ... | 2001 | 11524122 |
| the effects of some polyamine biosynthetic inhibitors on growth and morphology of phytopathogenic fungi. | we have studied the effects of two polyamine biosynthetic inhibitors, alpha-difluoromethylornithine (dfmo) and alpha-difluoromethylarginine (dfma), and of polyamines (pas), alone and in combination, on mycelial growth and morphology of four phytopathogenic fungi: botrytis sp, b. cinerea, rhizoctonia solani and monilinia fructicola. the inhibitors were added to a czapek agar medium to get final concentrations of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mm. dfmo and dfma, suicide inhibitors of ornithine decarboxylase ( ... | 1985 | 11541300 |
| identifying sources and mechanisms of resistance in crucifers for control of cabbage maggot (diptera: anthomyiidae). | the cabbage maggot, delia radicum (l.) is an important insect pest of eruciferous crops in upstate new york. this species causes considerable damage to seedlings and young plants by feeding on roots and stems, resulting in plant stand loss and yield loss. five crucifer accessions (brassica oleracea variety italica l.,'green comet'; b. oleracea l.,'rapid cycling' [crucifer genetics cooperative 3-1 ]; b. oleracea variety botrytis l., a standard cauliflower cultivar'amazing'; b. carinata l.; and si ... | 2001 | 11561856 |
| osmotic dehydration of apple slices using a sucrose/cacl2 combination to control spoilage caused by botrytis cinerea, colletotrichum acutatum, and penicillium expansum. | the efficacy of sucrose combined with cacl2 during osmotic dehydration (od) was tested for the control of botrytis cinerea, colletotrichum acutatum, and penicillium expansum growth on lightly processed apple slices. the objective of this work was to determine whether the addition of cacl2 in the osmotic solutions would limit the proliferation of fungal decay organisms. slices were submitted to od for 1 h at 25 degrees c in solutions containing 5 to 65% sucrose. calcium chloride was added to a si ... | 2001 | 11563522 |
| a procedure for quantifying adhesion of conidia of botrytis cinerea to the skin of apple fruit. | ultrasonication was evaluated as a nonchemical means to quantitatively remove conidia of botrytis cinerea from the skin of golden delicious apple (malus domestica borkh.) fruit. a probe immersed in a suspension of conidia and generating 20 khz at 150 w for 30- or 60-s pulses destroyed 13.3% or 29% of conidia, respectively. destruction at 150 w for 10 s or at 30-120 w for up to 60 s was <2%. the procedure for quantifying adhesion of conidia to the skin of fruit consisted of pipetting a 50-microl ... | 2001 | 11575508 |
| mode of antagonism of brevibacillus brevis against botrytis cinerea in vitro. | to assess the activity of brevibacillus brevis (formerly bacillus brevis) nagano and the antibiotic it produces, gramicidin s, against the plant pathogen botrytis cinerea. | 2001 | 11576302 |
| a basic peroxidase from wheat kernel with antifungal activity. | a basic heme-peroxidase (wp1) was purified to homogeneity from wheat (triticum aestivum) kernels. the protein was not glycosylated and exhibited a molecular mass of 36 kda and a pi of 8.0. the n-terminal amino acid sequence revealed a very high similarity with a wheat flour peroxidase allergen associated with baker's asthma. wpi showed indole-3-acetic acid oxidase activity in the presence of mn2+ and phenolic cofactors. antifungal assays performed in vitro towards phytopathogenic fungi indicated ... | 2001 | 11672739 |
| effects of long-term storage at different temperatures on conidia of botrytis cinerea pers.: fr. | survival of botrytis cinerea conidia was studied after storage without pretreatments at different temperatures (-80 degrees c, -20 degrees c, 4 degrees c and 21 degrees c). germination tests performed during 3 years showed that viability at 21 degrees c was completely lost after 1 month. conidia stored for 30 months at -80 degrees c, -20 degrees c and 4 degrees c were able to germinate, respectively, at 79%, 8% and 0.2%. changes in adenylate level, energy charge and respiration (o(2) consumption ... | 2001 | 11682186 |
| novel antifungal peptides from ceylon spinach seeds. | two novel antifungal peptides, designated alpha- and beta-basrubrins, respectively, were isolated from seeds of the ceylon spinach basella rubra. the purification procedure involved saline extraction, (nh(4))(2)so(4) precipitation, ion exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose, affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel, ion exchange chromatography on cm-cellulose and fplc-gel filtration on superdex peptide column. alpha- and beta-basrubrins exhibited a molecular weight of 4.3 and 5 kda, respe ... | 2001 | 11688973 |
| a method for both mass and individual rearing of fungivorous astigmatid mites (acari). | several species of common fungi were assessed as food for fungivorous astigmatid mites. hypocrea nigricans, botrytis cinerea and flammulina velutipes were generally good food sources for most mites examined. fungal mycelia growing on pda (potato dextrose agar) medium were not only nutritionally adequate but the system also maintained high humidity through the water-based agar medium. among acarid mites, most species of rhizoglyphinae could be reared easily with the method. although filter-feedin ... | 2001 | 11697786 |
| examination of pineal indoles and 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone for antioxidant and antimicrobial effects. | oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein (ldl) induced by free radicals is implicated in the development of atherosclerosis. the aim of the present study was to examine the ability of various pineal indoles in inhibiting ldl oxidation which is accompanied by an increase in mobility in agarose gel electrophoresis and by an augmented generation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance induced by cu2+. it was found that the order of potencies in inhibiting malondialdehyde formation was 5- ... | 2001 | 11701394 |
| biological control in greenhouse systems. | the controlled environment of greenhouses, the high value of the crops, and the limited number of registered fungicides offer a unique niche for the biological control of plant diseases. during the past ten years, over 80 biocontrol products have been marketed worldwide. a large percentage of these have been developed for greenhouse crops. products to control soilborne pathogens such as sclerotinia, pythium, rhizoctonia and fusarium include coniothyrium minitans, species of gliocladium, trichode ... | 2001 | 11701861 |
| novel oxindole derivatives and their biological activity. | the antifungal activity of fourteen novel derivatives of oxindole with side chain was studied using representatives of toxinogenic, phytopathogenic and dermatophytic filamentous fungi. derivatives with exocyclic c=c bond in position c-3 exhibited a higher antifungal activity compared with derivatives with an exocyclic c-c bond in the same position. the strongest antifungal effects were shown by 3-(-2-thienoylmethylidene)-indol-2(3h)-ones. | 2001 | 11702401 |
| a bowman-birk-type trypsin-chymotrypsin inhibitor from broad beans. | an isolation procedure comprising affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel, ion exchange chromatography on sp-toyopearl, and fast protein liquid chromatography on mono s was used to purify a peptide from broad beans which manifested antifungal activity toward mycosphaerella arachidicola, fusarium oxysporum, and botrytis cinerea. the peptide demonstrated a molecular mass of 7.5 kda. n-terminal sequence analysis disclosed the identity of the antifungal peptide to be a trypsin-chymotrypsin inhi ... | 2001 | 11708782 |
| isolation of a novel deoxyribonuclease with antifungal activity from asparagus officinalis seeds. | a deoxyribonuclease distinct from the previously isolated asparagus ribosome-inactivating proteins, possessing a molecular weight of 30 kda and requiring a ph of 7.5 for optimum hydrolytic activity toward herring sperm dna, was isolated from asparagus officinalis seeds. the isolation procedure involved extraction with saline, (nh(4))(2)so(4) precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose, affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel, ion-exchange chromatography on cm-sepharose, and ... | 2001 | 11708787 |
| partitioning of monomethylmercury between freshwater algae and water. | phytoplankton-water monomethylmercury (mehg) partition constants (kpi) have been determined in the laboratory for two green algae selenastrum capricornutum and cosmarium botrytis, the blue-green algae schizothrix calcicola, and the diatom thallasiosira spp., algal species that are commonly found in natural surface waters. two methods were used to determine kpi, the freundlich isotherm method and the flow-through/dialysis bag method. both methods yielded kpi values of about 10(6.6) for s. caprico ... | 2001 | 11718342 |
| the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, a new sterol biosynthesis inhibitor fungicide efficient against the plant pathogenic fungus botryotinia fuckeliana (botrytis cinerea). | fenhexamid, a recently developed botryticide, is shown here to inhibit sterol biosynthesis. when the fungus botryotinia fuckeliana was grown in the presence of fenhexamid, the ergosterol content was reduced, and three 3-keto compounds, 4 alpha-methylfecosterone, fecosterone and episterone, accumulated, suggesting an inhibition of the 3-keto reductase involved in c-4 demethylation. thus, fenhexamid belongs to a new, promising class of sterol biosynthesis inhibitors not previously used in agricult ... | 2001 | 11721524 |
| characterization of the gdha gene from the phytopathogen botrytis cinerea. | a 3.48-kb dna region containing the gdha gene, which codifies the nadp-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase enzyme from botrytis cinerea, has been cloned and characterized. a fragment of 2351 nucleotides was sequenced and found to contain an orf of 1350 bp that encodes a protein of 450 amino acids. the gene, containing two introns that showed polymorphic size between them, was located by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis in chromosome x in seven strains, which were isolated from several hosts and ha ... | 2001 | 11728157 |
| naagp4 is an arabinogalactan protein whose expression is suppressed by wounding and fungal infection in nicotiana alata. | arabinogalactan proteins (agps) are proteoglycans secreted by plant cells that have been implicated in plant growth and development. most agps cloned to date possess highly labile glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi) lipid anchors. these anchors transiently attach agps to the plasma membrane before they are released into the cell wall following gpi anchor hydrolysis. we have isolated and partially sequenced the protein core of an agp purified from styles of nicotiana alata. the protein sequence da ... | 2001 | 11732052 |
| botrytis cinerea induces the formation of free radicals in fruits of capsicum annuum at positions remote from the site of infection. | free radical adducts of the spin trap alpha-(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-n-tert-butylnitrone have been observed by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy in detached fruits of capsicum annuum investigated 5 days after infection with botrytis cinerea. the spectra of these adducts were at a maximum within the soft rot lesion, but they could also be detected at distances up to 50 mm from the edge of the lesion in samples following main vascular bundles. at distances greater than 40 mm, the spectrum of ... | 2001 | 11732316 |
| isolation of unguilin, a cyclophilin-like protein with anti-mitogenic, antiviral, and antifungal activities, from black-eyed pea. | a protein designated unguilin was isolated from seeds of the black-eyed pea (vigna unguiculata). it possesses a molecular weight of 18 kda and an n-terminal sequence resembling that of cyclophilins and the cyclophilin-like antifungal protein from mung beans, and was adsorbed on affi-gel blue gel and cm-sepharose. unguilin exerted an antifungal effect toward fungi including coprinus comatus, mycosphaerella arachidicola, and botrytis cinerea. in addition, unguilin was capable of inhibiting human i ... | 2001 | 11732686 |
| purification and properties of two chitinolytic enzymes of serratia plymuthica hro-c48. | the chitinolytic rhizobacterium serratia plymuthica hro-c48 was previously selected as a biocontrol agent of phytopathogenic fungi. one endochitinase (e.c. 3.2.1.14), chit60, and one n-acetyl-beta-1,4- d-hexosaminidase (e.c. 3.2.1.52), chit100, were purified and characterized. the endochitinase chit60, with an apparent molecular mass of 60.5 kda, had a n-terminal amino acid sequence highly similar to that of chitinases a from serratia liquefaciens and serratia marcescens. the enzyme activity had ... | 2001 | 11734885 |
| biological control of postharvest pear diseases using a bacterium, pantoea agglomerans cpa-2. | epiphytic microorganisms isolated from the fruits and leaf surfaces of apples and pears were screened for antagonistic activity against penicillium expansum on pears. from 247 microorganisms tested for antagonistic properties against p. expansum, a bacterium strain identified as pantoea agglomerans (cpa-2) was selected. this bacterium was very effective against botrytis cinerea, p. expansum and rhizopus stolonifer. complete control at the three tested concentrations (2 x 10(7), 8 x 10(7) and 1 x ... | 2001 | 11759762 |
| the role of g protein alpha subunits in the infection process of the gray mold fungus botrytis cinerea. | to identify signal transduction pathways of the gray mold fungus botrytis cinerea involved in host infection, we used heterologous hybridization and a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based approach to isolate two genes (bcg1 and bcg2) encoding alpha subunits of heterotrimeric gtp-binding proteins. both genes have homologues in other fungi: bcg1 is a member of the g alpha(i) class, whereas bcg2 has similarities to the magc gene of magnaporthe grisea and the gna-2 gene of neurospora crassa. revers ... | 2001 | 11763127 |
| differentiation of phytophthora infestans sporangia from other airborne biological particles by flow cytometry. | the ability of two different flow cytometers, the microcyte (optoflow) and the pas-iii (partec), to differentiate sporangia of the late-blight pathogen phytophthora infestans from other potential airborne particles was compared. with the pas-iii, light scatter and intrinsic fluorescence parameters could be used to differentiate sporangia from conidia of alternaria or botrytis spp., rust urediniospores, and pollen of grasses and plantain. differentiation between p. infestans sporangia and powdery ... | 2002 | 11772606 |
| rapid detection of lytic antimicrobial activity against yeast and filamentous fungi. | a rapid method for assessing the lytic activity of antimicrobial agents against yeast and fungi has been developed. the assay is based on the release of the intracellular enzyme, maltase (alpha-glucosidase). the released maltase activity was measured colorimetrically by the production of p-nitrophenol from p-nitrophenyl-alpha-d-glucopyranoside (pnpg). the lytic activity of different antimicrobial compounds was measured against yeast cells or germinating spores of filamentous fungi. lytic anti-ye ... | 2002 | 11777578 |
| effect of high oxygen modified atmosphere packaging on microbial growth and sensorial qualities of fresh-cut produce. | the application of high oxygen atmospheres (hoa) (i.e. > 70% o2) for packaging ready-to-eat vegetables was evaluated as an alternative technique for low o2 equilibrium modified atmosphere (ema) packaging (3% o2-5% co2-balance n2) for respiring products. comparative experiments between both techniques were performed in-vitro and in-vivo. typical spoilage causing microorganisms (pseudomonas fluorescens, candida lambica), the moulds botrytis cinerea, aspergillus flavus and the opportunistic psychro ... | 2001 | 11789938 |
| control of post-harvest decay of apples by pre-harvest and post-harvest application of ammonium molybdate. | ammonium molybdate was tested as a potential fungicide for use in apples (cv golden delicious) against blue and grey mould, important post-harvest diseases of pome fruits. in tests in vivo at 20 degrees c, ammonium molybdate (15 mm) reduced lesion diameters of penicillium expansum, botrytis cinerea and rhizopus stolonifer by 84%, 88% and 100% respectively. when apples treated with ammonium molybdate were stored at 1 degree c for three months, a significant reduction in severity and incidence of ... | 2001 | 11802595 |
| infection of leaves of arabidopsis thaliana by botrytis cinerea: changes in ascorbic acid, free radicals and lipid peroxidation products. | infection of leaves of arabidopsis thaliana with conidial suspensions of the necrotrophic pathogen botrytis cinerea resulted in a large decrease in the level of ascorbic acid and increases in intensity of a single-peak free radical and fe(iii) (g=4.27) signals in electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) spectra. these changes were not confined to the spreading lesions or associated areas of chlorosis, but extended to other apparently healthy tissues in the infected leaves. they are, therefore, cons ... | 2002 | 11807124 |
| osmotic dehydration of apple slices with cacl2 and sucrose limits decay caused by penicillium expansum, colletotrichum acutatum, and botrytis cinerea and does not promote listeria monocytogenes or total aerobic population growth. | the interaction of penicillium expansum link, colletotrichum acutatum, and botrytis cinerea pers.:fr. with listeria monocytogenes on osmotically dehydrated apple slices was evaluated. in mineral analyses of the slices, the calcium content of the peel and flesh tissues increased by 4- and 11-fold, respectively, when processed in 2% cacl2. these slices also exhibited less decay by p. expansum, c. acutatum, and b. cinerea. inoculation of slices with p. expansum resulted in a decrease in the ph of t ... | 2002 | 11808790 |
| control of penicillium expansum and botrytis cinerea on apples and pears with the combination of candida sake and pantoea agglomerans. | the effectiveness of candida sake (cpa-1) in combination with pantoea agglomerans (cpa-2) for controlling penicillium expansum and botrytis cinerea on pears and apples was determined. the concentrations tested were 2 x 10(6) and 2 x 10(7) cfu/ml for c. sake and 2 x 10(7) and 8 x 10(7) cfu/ml for p. agglomerans. at room temperature, the two antagonists were combined in proportions of 0 to 100% in 25% increments. at the proportion of 50:50, no rot development was observed in pears, and the greates ... | 2002 | 11808791 |
| isolation of cicadin, a novel and potent antifungal peptide from dried juvenile cicadas. | a single-chained antifungal protein with a molecular weight of 6.5 kda and displaying a novel n-terminal sequence was isolated from dried juvenile cicadas which are used in traditional chinese medicine, by using ion exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose, affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel, ion exchange chromatography on sp-sepharose and then gel filtration on a superdex peptide column. the peptide, designated cicadin, exerted potent antifungal activity with ic(50) values at nonomol ... | 2002 | 11814612 |
| metschnikowia fructicola, a new ascosporic yeast with potential for biocontrol of postharvest fruit rots. | a new ascosporic yeast, metschnikowia fructicola (type strain nrrl y-27328, cbs 8853), is described and was isolated from grapes grown in central israel. preliminary tests indicate the new species has biocontrol activity against botrytis rot of stored grapes. phylogenetic analysis of domain d1/d2 26s rdna sequences showed m. fructicola to be a sister species of m. pulcherrima. | 2001 | 11822675 |
| novel fungitoxicity assays for inhibition of germination-associated adhesion of botrytis cinerea and puccinia recondita spores. | botrytis cinerea and puccinia recondita spores adhere strongly to polystyrene microtiter plates coincident with germination. we developed assays for inhibition of spore adhesion in 96-well microtiter plates by using sulforhodamine b staining to quantify the adherent spores. in both organisms, fungicides that inhibited germination strongly inhibited spore adhesion, with 50% effective concentrations (ec(50)s) comparable to those for inhibition of germination. in contrast, fungicides that acted aft ... | 2002 | 11823196 |
| abscisic acid determines basal susceptibility of tomato to botrytis cinerea and suppresses salicylic acid-dependent signaling mechanisms. | abscisic acid (aba) is one of the plant hormones involved in the interaction between plants and pathogens. in this work, we show that tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill. cv moneymaker) mutants with reduced aba levels (sitiens plants) are much more resistant to the necrotrophic fungus botrytis cinerea than wild-type (wt) plants. exogenous application of aba restored susceptibility to b. cinerea in sitiens plants and increased susceptibility in wt plants. these results indicate that aba plays a ... | 2002 | 11842153 |
| isolation of a new cyclophilin-like protein from chickpeas with mitogenic, antifungal and anti-hiv-1 reverse transcriptase activities. | a protein designated chickpea cyclophilin-like antifungal protein (clap) was isolated from seeds of the chickpea (cicer arietinum). chickpea clap was characterized by a molecular weight of 18 kda and an n-terminal sequence homologous to cyclophilins. the protein was isolated with a procedure involving affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel and ion exchange chromatography on cm-sepharose. in addition to an inhibitory effect on the growth of fungi including rhizoctonia solani, mycosphaerella ... | 2002 | 11848297 |
| post-harvest biological control by pantoea agglomerans (cpa-2) on golden delicious apples. | to investigate the potential of pantoea agglomerans to control the major post-harvest diseases on golden delicious apples. | 2002 | 11849352 |
| the symbiosis of bacillus subtilis l-forms with chinese cabbage seedlings inhibits conidial germination of botrytis cinerea. | to establish whether germination of botrytis cinerea was affected by the symbiosis of bacillus subtilis l-form bacteria with chinese cabbage. | 2002 | 11849491 |
| infection of arabidopsis with a necrotrophic pathogen, botrytis cinerea, elicits various defense responses but does not induce systemic acquired resistance (sar). | botrytis cinerea is a non-specific necrotrophic pathogen that attacks more than 200 plant species. in contrast to biotrophs, the necrotrophs obtain their nutrients by first killing the host cells. many studies have shown that infection of plants by necrosis-causing pathogens induces a systemic acquired resistance (sar), which provides protection against successive infections by a range of pathogenic organisms. we analyzed the role of sar in b. cinerea infection of arabidopsis. we show that altho ... | 2002 | 11855728 |
| esa1, an arabidopsis mutant with enhanced susceptibility to a range of necrotrophic fungal pathogens, shows a distorted induction of defense responses by reactive oxygen generating compounds. | an arabidopsis thaliana mutant, esa1, that shows enhanced susceptibility to the necrotrophic pathogens alternaria brassicicola, botrytis cinerea and plectosphaerella cucumerina, but has wild-type levels of resistance to the biotrophic pathogens pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato and peronospora parasitica. the enhanced susceptibility towards necrotrophic pathogens correlated with a delayed induction of phytoalexin accumulation and delayed induction of the plant defensin gene pdf1.2 upon inoculation ... | 2002 | 11862946 |
| aigialomycins a-e, new resorcylic macrolides from the marine mangrove fungus aigialus parvus. | aigialomycins a-e (2-6), new 14-membered resorcylic macrolides, were isolated together with a known hypothemycin (1) from the mangrove fungus, aigialus parvus bcc 5311. structures of these compounds, including absolute configuration, were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, chemical conversions, and x-ray crystallographic analysis. hypothemycin and aigialomycin d (5) exhibited in vitro antimalarial activity with ic(50) values of 2.2 and 6.6 microg/ml, respectively, while other analogues were in ... | 2002 | 11871887 |
| map kinase signalling cascade in arabidopsis innate immunity. | there is remarkable conservation in the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) by innate immune responses of plants, insects and mammals. we developed an arabidopsis thaliana leaf cell system based on the induction of early-defence gene transcription by flagellin, a highly conserved component of bacterial flagella that functions as a pamp in plants and mammals. here we identify a complete plant map kinase cascade (mekk1, mkk4/mkk5 and mpk3/mpk6) and wrky22/wrky29 transcrip ... | 2002 | 11875555 |
| microbial contamination of advanced life support (als) systems poses a moderate threat to the long-term stability of space-based bioregenerative systems. | microbial contamination of terrestrial hydroponic plant-growing systems provides an effective analogue for studying microbial contamination issues for space-based advanced life support (als) systems. if aggressive root or foliar pathogens are introduced into als hydroponic systems, severe epidemics are probable. greater than 80% of the reported outbreaks of root pathogens in terrestrial hydroponic systems describe epidemics caused by fungal species of fusarium, phytophthora, and pythium. however ... | 1998 | 11876200 |
| delandin, a chitinase-like protein with antifungal, hiv-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitory and mitogenic activities from the rice bean delandia umbellata. | an antifungal protein with a chitinase-like n-terminal sequence, designated delandin, was isolated from the rice bean. the protein exhibited a molecular weight of 28 kda and was adsorbed on both blue affi-gel and sp-toyopearl. it exerted antifungal action toward mycosphaerella arachidicola, botrytis cinerea, fu- sarium oxysporum, rhizoctonia solani, and colletotrichum gossypii and inhibited the activity of human immunodeficiency virus 1 reverse transcriptase. the protein inhibited translation in ... | 2002 | 11922770 |
| resveratrol acts as a natural profungicide and induces self-intoxication by a specific laccase. | the grapevine (vitis) secondary metabolite resveratrol is considered a phytoalexin, which protects the plant from botrytis cinerea infection. laccase activity displayed by the fungus is assumed to detoxify resveratrol and to facilitate colonization of grape. we initiated a functional molecular genetic analysis of b. cinerea laccases by characterizing laccase genes and evaluating the phenotype of targeted gene replacement mutants. two different laccase genes from b. cinerea were characterized, bc ... | 2002 | 11929539 |
| inactivation of conidia of botrytis cinerea and monilinia fructigena using uv-c and heat treatment. | the effect of uv-c (lambda = 254 nm) and heat treatment was investigated on the inactivation of conidia of botrytis cinerea and monilinia fructigena, two major postharvest spoilage fungi of strawberries and cherries, respectively. both fungi were grown at 21 degrees c in the dark and conidia were isolated after 1 week by washing the mycelium with a mild detergent solution. after filtration and resuspension in phosphate buffer to a titer of 10(5) to 10(6) cfu/ml, the conidia were subjected to dif ... | 2002 | 11930952 |
| purification of angularin, a novel antifungal peptide from adzuki beans. | an antifungal peptide was isolated from the adzuki bean with a procedure involving affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel and ion exchange chromatography on cm-sepharose. the protein designated angularin was adsorbed on both types of chromatographic media and possessed a molecular weight of 8 kda. angularin exhibited antifungal activity against a variety of fungal species including mycospharella arachidiocola and botrytis cinerea. it inhibited mycelial growth in b. cinerea with an ic50 of ... | 2002 | 11931582 |
| thiourea derivatives and their nickel(ii) and platinum(ii) complexes: antifungal activity. | we have synthesized two thiourea derivatives of methyl anthranilate (1, 2) and their complexes with nickel (3) and platinum(ii) (4). we have also prepared the complexes of nickel(ii) with two benzoylthiourea derivatives (5, 6). the obtained compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, spectroscopic methods (ft-ir, uv-vis, nmr), mass spectrometry and thermal analysis. compound 1, c(20)h(23)n(3)o(2)s, crystallizes in monoclinic space group p21/n, with z=4, and unit cell parameters, a=8.8042 ... | 2002 | 11931966 |
| using survival analysis to investigate the effect of uv-c and heat treatment on storage rot of strawberry and sweet cherry. | ultraviolet light and heat treatment are proposed as alternative techniques for the use of chemicals to reduce the development of the spoilage fungi botrytis cinerea and monilinia fructigena on strawberry and sweet cherry, respectively, during storage. in order to investigate the effect of both physical techniques on microbial inactivation and on fruit quality, inoculated berries were subjected to different temperatures (40-48 degrees c) and uv-c doses (0.05-1.50 j/cm2). for each condition, 20 b ... | 2002 | 11934026 |
| its region of pythium canariense sp. nov., its morphology and its interaction with botrytis cinerea. | a new species pythium canariense (ci-07), isolated from soil samples taken in the san nicolas region of the canary islands (gran canaria, spain), is being described here. this species is characterised by its spherical to pyriform, intercalary to catenulate sporangia, smooth-walled terminal oogonia supplied with monoclinous and diclinous antheridia which at times are branched and wrap around the female gametangia. the fungus has an antagonistic effect on botrytis cinerea, the grey mould fungus. m ... | 2002 | 11934507 |
| metabolism of cymoxanil and analogs in strains of the fungus botrytis cinerea using high-performance liquid chromatography and ion-pair high-performance thin-layer chromatography. | the metabolism of cyano-oxime fungicide 1-(2-cyano-2-methoxyiminoacetyl)-3-ethylurea (cymoxanil) and analogs was studied on several strains of the fungus botrytis cinerea owing to their difference in sensitivity towards cymoxanil. chromatographic analysis of the unextracted culture medium was simpler and more accurate, particularly for ionizable metabolites because it avoids problems associated with extraction. reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography was applied to compare the decr ... | 2002 | 11936693 |
| potential ochratoxin a producers from wine grapes in argentina and brazil. | the aim was to identify the normal mycoflora in wine grapes from argentina and brazil. we collected 50 grapes samples from malbec and chardonnay varieties in each country during the 1997-98 harvest. yeasts were a major component of the fungal population, and the most frequent genera of filamentous fungi isolated were: aspergillus, penicillium and botrytis. other genera identified (in decreasing order) were: phythophthora, moniliella, alternaria and cladosporium. from grapes, the mean frequency o ... | 2002 | 11962699 |
| improvement of candida sake biocontrol activity against post-harvest decay by the addition of ammonium molybdate. | to improve the efficacy of candida sake by adding ammonium molybdate to control post-harvest decay in golden delicious apples. | 2002 | 11972698 |
| potential of a novel antibiotic, 2-methylheptyl isonicotinate, as a biocontrol agent against fusarial wilt of crucifers. | screening for newer bioactive compounds from microbial metabolites resulted in the isolation of a novel antibiotic from the culture filtrate, streptomyces sp 201, of a soil. the bioactive compound, with antifungal and antibacterial activity, was identified as 2-methylheptyl isonicotinate. the antifungal activity of live culture, culture broth and the isolated bioactive compound showed marked inhibition against dominant soil-borne phytopathogens such as fusarium oxysporum schlect, f moniliforme s ... | 2002 | 11975177 |
| identification of novel hexapeptides bioactive against phytopathogenic fungi through screening of a synthetic peptide combinatorial library. | the purpose of the present study was to improve the antifungal activity against selected phytopathogenic fungi of the previously identified hexapeptide paf19. we describe some properties of a set of novel synthetic hexapeptides whose d-amino acid sequences were obtained through screening of a synthetic peptide combinatorial library in a positional scanning format. as a result of the screening, 12 putative bioactive peptides were identified, synthesized, and assayed. the peptides paf26 (ac-rkkwfw ... | 2002 | 11976121 |
| a novel abc transporter gene, pmr5, is involved in multidrug resistance in the phytopathogenic fungus penicillium digitatum. | we have cloned a novel abc transporter gene pmr5 from the phytopathogenic fungus penicillium digitatum by rt-pcr using degenerate primers. the deduced amino acid sequence of pmr5 showed 37% identity to pmr1 from the same fungus, 71% identity to atrb from aspergillus nidulans, and 65% identity to bcatrb from botrytis cinerea. disruption mutants for pmr5 were generated in two independent p. digitatum strains and their phenotypes were characterized. these mutants displayed increased sensitivity to ... | 2002 | 11976961 |
| secretion of beta-1,3-glucanases by the yeast pichia membranifaciens and its possible role in the biocontrol of botrytis cinerea causing grey mold disease of the grapevine. | pichia membranifaciens strain fy-101, isolated from grape skin, was found to be antagonistic to botrytis cinerea, the causal organism of the grey mold disease of the grapevine. when grown together on solid as well as in liquid media, the yeast brings about the inhibition of botrytis cinerea, which in turn loses its ability to produce the grey mold symptoms on the grapevine plantlets. the secretion of beta-1,3-glucanases by p. membranifaciens is one of the possible mechanisms related to this anta ... | 2002 | 12000987 |
| purification of allivin, a novel antifungal protein from bulbs of the round-cloved garlic. | a novel antifungal protein, designated allivin, was isolated from bulbs of the round-cloved garlic allium sativum var. round clove with a procedure involving ion exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose, affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel, ion exchange chromatography on cm-sepharose and fplc-gel filtration on superdex 75. allivin possessed an n-terminal sequence demonstrating very little similarity to sequences of allium sativum chitinases and ribosome inactivating proteins. allivin e ... | 2001 | 12005268 |
| characterization of molecular markers for specific and sensitive detection of botrytis cinerea pers.: fr. in strawberry (fragariaxananassa duch.) using pcr. | random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) assays were applied on 34 fungal strains isolated from strawberry and other host plants, in order to detect polymorphism to consequently identify and isolate molecular markers specific to botrytis cinerea. among the 26 10-mer primers tested, one primer mainly amplified a 750-bp product present in all the b. cinerea strains and absent in the other species and genera examined. this product was cloned and sequenced in order to design a specific 20-mer primer ... | 2002 | 12007801 |
| mycoactive acetate esters from apple fruit stimulate adhesion and germination of conidia of the gray mold fungus. | ethyl acetate, 2-methylbutyl acetate, butyl acetate (ba), and hexyl acetate were detected by solid-phase microextraction and gas-liquid chromatography inside slices of golden delicious apple and in water droplets on the skin of slices incubated in sealed glass jars. conidial adhesion and germination of the gray mold fungus, botrytis cinerea, was assessed on apple slices after exposure or no exposure to the esters in the headspaces of glass jars. attached conidia were dislodged by sonication and ... | 2002 | 12009975 |
| antimycotic activities of selected plant flora, growing wild in lebanon, against phytopathogenic fungi. | petroleum ether (pe) and methanolic extracts of nine wild plant species were tested in vitro for their antimycotic activity against eight phytopathogenic fungi. the efficacy of pe extracts against all pathogens tested was higher than that of methanolic extracts. wild marjoram (origanum syriacum) pe extract showed the highest and widest range of activity. it resulted in complete inhibition of mycelial growth of six of eight fungi tested and also gave nearly complete inhibition of spore germinatio ... | 2002 | 12009988 |
| a mixed green vegetable and fruit beverage decreased the serum level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic patients. | the effects of a canned mixed green vegetable and fruit beverage, containing broccoli (brassica oleracea l. var. botrytis l.) and cabbage (brassica oleracea l. var. capitata l.) as main materials, on serum lipid levels in hypercholesterolemic patients were investigated. thirty-one adult subjects were administered two cans of the beverage (160 g/can) per day for 3 weeks. their serum total cholesterol (tc) levels significantly decreased from 6.7 +/- 0.8 to 6.1 +/- 0.6 mmol/l, and, more strikingly, ... | 2002 | 12010009 |
| the putative role of botrydial and related metabolites in the infection mechanism of botrytis cinerea. | phytotoxic assays, performed both in vitro and in vivo on leaves of phaseolus vulgaris, with metabolites excreted by the fungus b. cinerea are evaluated. exogenous application of the phytotoxin botrydial has been found to produce severe chlorosis and cell collapse and facilitated fungal penetration and colonization of plant tissue. the results also show a light-dependent action mechanism for the phytotoxin and seem to indicate that botrydial is a non-host-specific toxin involved in fungal infect ... | 2002 | 12049236 |
| [added information and corrections on the continuing education section "indoor allergens"]. | 2002 | 12053700 | |
| constitutive expression of ethylene-response-factor1 in arabidopsis confers resistance to several necrotrophic fungi. | infection of a plant by a pathogen induces a variety of defense responses that imply the action of several signaling molecules, including salicylic acid (sa), jasmonic acid (ja) and ethylene (e). here we describe the role of ethylene-response-factor1 (erf1) as a regulator of ethylene responses after pathogen attack in arabidopsis. the erf1 transcript is induced on infection by botrytis cinerea, and overexpression of erf1 in arabidopsis is sufficient to confer resistance to necrotrophic fungi suc ... | 2002 | 12060224 |
| genetic transformation of cauliflower (brassica oleracea var. botrytis) by direct dna uptake into mesophyll protoplasts. | mesophyll protoplasts of brassica oleracea var. botrytis were successfully transformed using polyethylene glycol (peg). the success of plant transformation depended on both gene transfer and plant regeneration. parameters, such as peg and vector concentrations and heat shock conditions were tested in experiments on transient expression of the beta-glucuronidase (ec 3.2.1.31) gene and the most suitable conditions for dna uptake were determined. two antibiotic resistance marker genes for neomycin ... | 2002 | 12060266 |
| biotransformation of (-)-a-pinene by botrytis cinerea. | (-)-alpha-pinene (1), a major constituent of many aromatic plants was biotransformed by the plant pathogenic fungus, botrytis cinerea to afford three new metabolites, characterized as 3beta-hydroxy-(-)-beta-pinene (10%) (3), 9-hydroxy-(-)-a-pinene (12%) (4), 4beta-hydroxy-(-)-alpha-pinene-6-one (16%) (5) by physical and spectroscopic methods. a known metabolite verbenone (2) was also obtained. | 2002 | 12064731 |
| effect of an extract of cauliflower (leaf) on the labeling of blood elements with technetium-99m and on the survival of escherichia coli ab1157 submitted to the treatment with stannous chloride. | the labeling of red blood cells (rbc) with technetium-99m (99mtc) depends on a reducing agent and stannous chloride (sncl(2)) and is widely utilized. this labeling may also be altered by drugs, and sncl(2) reduces the survival of escherichia coli cultures. cauliflower (brassica oleracea l. var. botrytis) is used in folk medicine and we evaluated its influence on (i) the labeling of blood elements with 99mtc, and (ii) on the survival of an e. coli strain. blood was withdrawn from rats that drank ... | 2002 | 12065213 |
| cicerin and arietin, novel chickpea peptides with different antifungal potencies. | two antifungal peptides with novel n-terminal sequences, designated cicerin and arietin were isolated from seeds of the chickpea (cicer arietinum), respectively. both peptides were adsorbed on affi-gel blue gel and cm-sepharose and exhibited a molecular weight of approximately 8.2 and 5.6 kda, respectively. arietin was more strongly adsorbed on cm-sepharose than cicerin and manifested a higher translation-inhibiting activity in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system and a higher antifungal potency ... | 2002 | 12084511 |
| air contaminants in different european farming environments. | farmers are known to be at high risk from the development of occupational airway disease. the first stage of the european farmers' study has shown that pig farmers in denmark and germany, poultry farmers in switzerland and greenhouse workers in spain were at highest risk for work-related respiratory symptoms. therefore, the aim of this study was to determine exposure levels at relevant farm workplaces. dust and endotoxin levels as well as microbiological concentrations were determined in 213 cro ... | 2002 | 12088396 |
| antifungal stilbenoids from stemona collinsae. | fifteen new stilbenoids including 11 phenylbenzofurans, the stemofurans a-k (1-11), and four dihydrostilbenes, the stilbostemins a (15), c (17), e (19), and f (20), were isolated and identified from a methanolic extract of stemona collinsae roots together with five known derivatives, the stilbenes pinosylvin (13) and 4'-methylpinosylvin (14), the dihydrostilbenes, stilbostemins b (16) and d (18), and the dihydrophenanthrene racemosol (12) as well as (+)-sesamin, coniferyl alcohol, and stigmaster ... | 2002 | 12088422 |
| copper complexes with bioactive ligands. part ii--antifungal activity. | antifungal activity of new copper(ii) complexes of 2-methylthionicotinate (2-mesnic) of the composition cu(2-mesnic)2(menia)(2).4h2o (where menia is n-methylnicotinamide), and cu(2-mesnic)2(nia)(2).2h2o (where nia is nicotinamide) and cu(2-mesnic)2l2 (where l is isonicotinamide, inia, or ethyl nicotinate, etnic) were tested on various strains of filamentous fungi by the macrodilution method. most sensitive against copper(ii) adducts with bioactive ligands were rhizopus oryzae and microsporum gyp ... | 2002 | 12094729 |
| production of lytic enzymes by trichoderma spp. and their effect on the growth of phytopathogenic fungi. | the production of beta-1,3-glucanases and chitinases by three strains of trichoderma in submerged cultures was determined. the synthesis of enzymes was induced by cell wall biopolymers of phytopathogenic fungi (botrytis cinerea, fusarium culmorum and f. oxysporum). t. hamatum produced the highest beta-1,3-glucanase activity; the most effective inducer of enzyme synthesis was the biomass of f. oxysporum. all examined strains of trichoderma inhibited phytopathogen growth in biotic tests. the diffu ... | 2002 | 12094738 |
| a new antifungal peptide from rice beans. | a peptide, possessing a molecular mass of 5 kda and demonstrating remarkable sequence homology to the cowpea 10 kda protein precursor and garden pea disease resistance response protein, was isolated from rice bean seeds. the peptide was adsorbed on cm-sepharose and affi-gel blue gel. it inhibited mycelial growth in the fungi botrytis cinerea, fusarium oxysporum, rhizoctonia solani and mycosphaerella arachidicola. it stimulated incorporation of methyl [3h] thymidine into mouse splenocytes, inhibi ... | 2002 | 12102720 |
| the role of ethylene and wound signaling in resistance of tomato to botrytis cinerea. | ethylene, jasmonate, and salicylate play important roles in plant defense responses to pathogens. to investigate the contributions of these compounds in resistance of tomato (lycopersicon esculentum) to the fungal pathogen botrytis cinerea, three types of experiments were conducted: (a) quantitative disease assays with plants pretreated with ethylene, inhibitors of ethylene perception, or salicylate; (b) quantitative disease assays with mutants or transgenes affected in the production of or the ... | 2002 | 12114587 |