Publications

high level expression of nonfused foreign genes with autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus expression vectors.	high levels of nonfused chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, beta-galactosidase, and beta-glucuronidase expressed under the control of new vector constructs of the polyhedrin promoter in spodoptera frugiperda cells infected with autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus were investigated by sds-page and rna dot blot analysis of total cytoplasmic rna. when the polyhedrin atg start codon was converted to att by site-directed mutagenesis, translation initiated at downstream atg codons resulti ...	1989	2497580
a baculovirus blocks insect molting by producing ecdysteroid udp-glucosyl transferase.	the predicted amino acid sequence of a newly identified gene of the insect baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus was similar to several uridine 5'-diphosphate (udp)-glucuronosyl transferases and at least one udp-glucosyl transferase. genetic and biochemical studies confirmed that this gene encodes an ecdysteroid udp-glucosyl transferase (egt). this enzyme catalyzes the transfer of glucose from udp-glucose to ecdysteroids, which are insect molting hormones. expression of t ...	1989	2505387
a baculovirus gene with a novel transcription pattern encodes a polypeptide with a zinc finger and a leucine zipper.	an autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus gene encoding a 30-kilodalton polypeptide with two different sequence motifs characteristic of dna-binding proteins was identified immediately downstream of the major capsid protein gene (vp39). the gene, cg30, was characterized by sequencing, transcriptional mapping, in vitro translation of hybrid-selected rna, and comparison of the derived polypeptide sequence with published data bases. the initial atg of the 792-base-pair cg30 open reading ...	1989	2507791
[identification of natural isolates of nuclear polyhedrosis virus from the black arches moth (lymantria monacha l.)].	the biological activity of isolates of nuclear polyhedrosis virus of black arches moth isolated at different stages of the insect-host population cycle was determined. the isolates obtained were identified with restriction endonucleases bam h1, sta 1, pst 1.	1989	2524934
synthesis of immunogenic, but non-infectious, poliovirus particles in insect cells by a baculovirus expression vector.	a baculovirus expression vector (acleon) derived from autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) was prepared containing the complete 6.6 kb coding region of the p3/leon/37 strain of poliovirus type 3 placed under the control of the acnpv polyhedrin promoter. the recombinant virus was used to infect spodoptera frugiperda insect cells. as demonstrated by use of the appropriate antibodies, infected insect cells made poliovirus proteins that included the structural proteins vp0, vp1 ...	1989	2543785
a simplified method for the characterization of nuclear polyhedrosis virus genomes.	a simplified restriction endonuclease analysis procedure is described which allows the characterization of baculovirus dna obtained directly from a single larvae without purification of virus. this rapid method was used to demonstrate the genomic stability of nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (npvs) from agrotis segetum, euxoa messoria and mamestra brassicae after several passages in euxoa scandens.	1989	2550318
expression of largest rna segment and synthesis of vp1 protein of bluetongue virus in insect cells by recombinant baculovirus: association of vp1 protein with rna polymerase activity.	the bluetongue virus core particles have been shown to contain an rna-directed rna polymerase (1). to identify the protein responsible for the virion rna polymerase activity, the complete 3.9 kb dna clone representing the largest rna segment 1 (l1) of bluetongue virus (btv-10) was placed under control of the polyhedrin promoter of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv). the derived recombinant virus was used to infect spodoptera frugiperda cells. as demonstrated by stained pol ...	1989	2552409
synthesis of functional bovine leukemia virus (blv) p34tax protein by recombinant baculoviruses.	the bovine leukemia virus (blv) p34tax (also called tat, p34, xlor gene product) is a 34-kda polypeptide encoded in the 3'-terminal region of the virus. this protein is responsible for positive transcriptional trans-activation of promoter elements located within the blv long-terminal repeat. we introduced the protein-coding region of blv p34tax into the genome of the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. after infection of the insect spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) cell line ...	1989	2554576
recombinant baculoviruses as vectors for identifying proteins encoded by intron-containing members of complex multigene families.	using a transfer vector derived from bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (bmnpv), we have constructed recombinant baculoviruses that contain complete silk moth chorion chromosomal genes encoding high-cysteine proteins under the control of the polyhedrin promoter. silk moth tissue culture cells infected with these recombinant viruses were found to contain abundant rna sequences of sizes similar to those of the authentic chorion mrnas. chorion transcripts present in infected cells were initiate ...	1989	2556701
expression of hemolytically active human complement component c1r proenzyme in insect cells using a baculovirus vector.	the gene of human c1r has been expressed in a baculovirus-insect-cell system via the pac373 transplacement vector. the full-length cdna copy was inserted into the pac373 vector downstream from the strong polyhedrin promoter of the baculovirus, autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv). spodoptera frugiperda cells were cotransfected with the resultant plasmid, pacc1r, and the wild-type acnpv dna. recombinant viruses, which drove the expression of c1r protein, were selected by plaq ...	1989	2557186
the process of baculovirus deproteinization.	the localization and function of alkaline protease inside the supervirion capsids (granules, inclusion bodies) of granulosis virus and nuclear polyhedrosis virus have been determined with the help of electron microscopy. it has been shown that deproteinization of baculoviruses proceeds in several steps. the first two stages (the release of virus from supervirion capsids and the release of nucleocapsids from the internal and external coats, were accomplished in the intestine of the insects, while ...	1989	2576597
molecular analysis of the transcriptional regulatory region of an early baculovirus gene.	transcription of the gene encoding a 35,000-molecular-weight protein (35k protein) from the ecori-s region (86.8 to 87.8 map units) of autographa california nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) occurs early in infection and declines later. the region promoting the gene for the 35k protein, extending from 426 base pairs (bp) upstream to 12 bp downstream from the rna start site, was linked to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene (cat) for analysis. cat expression was monitored in ce ...	1989	2642976
expression of sindbis virus 26s cdna in spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) cells, using a baculovirus expression vector.	to study protein processing in an insect spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm; sf9) cell line, a 26s cdna encoding the sequence of sindbis virus structural proteins (capsid protein, of 30 kilodaltons [kda]; p62 [the precursor of e3 and e2], of 62 kda; a 6-kda peptide; and the e1 protein, of 56 kda) was inserted into the genome of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) adjacent to the polyhedrin promoter. by immunoblot analysis with antisera directed against whole sindbis virus ...	1989	2644447
identification and sequence analysis of a gene encoding gp67, an abundant envelope glycoprotein of the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus.	monoclonal antibodies with specificity for the abundant envelope surface glycoprotein (gp67) of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) were used to screen a lambda gt11 expression library of acmnpv dna fragments. the gp67 gene was mapped to the left end of the ecori h fragment in a right-to-left orientation on the consensus map of acmnpv. a 2.1-kilobase transcript which hybridized to the region was first detected in cell extracts at 2 h postinfection; it peaked in abundance a ...	1989	2644449
location and nucleotide sequence of the 25k protein missing from baculovirus few polyhedra (fp) mutants.	wild-type and few polyhedra (fp) mutants of the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) were studied to identify and sequence the gene encoding the 25-kda (25k) protein normally present in acmnpv-infected spodoptera frugiperda cells but which is often missing from fp mutant-infected cells. our previous study had mapped two overlapping late transcripts to the insertion site of host cell dna within the hindiii-i fragment (33.8 to 37.7 map units) of wild-type acmnpv. ...	1989	2644735
nucleotide sequence, transcriptional mapping, and temporal expression of the gene encoding p39, a major structural protein of the multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus of orgyia pseudotsugata.	the gene encoding the 39-kda major structural protein (p39) of orgyia pseudotsugata nuclear polyhedrosis virus (opmnpv) was sequenced and transcriptionally mapped, and its expression was examined at various times postinfection. by northern hybridization, primer extension, and s1 nuclease analysis, we identified p39 mrnas of approximately 2600 nt. by primer extension analysis, we identified two major sets of transcripts which initiated around -48 and -96 nt upstream of the translation start codon ...	1989	2644736
a baculovirus polyhedral envelope-associated protein: genetic location, nucleotide sequence, and immunocytochemical characterization.	using a polyclonal mouse antiserum produced against purified virions of the multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus of orgyia pseudotsugata (opmnpv), two immunoreactive lambda gtii clones were identified which contained nonoverlapping insert dnas which mapped to a single open reading frame (orf) in the hindiii-m fragment. analysis of nucleotide sequence data indicates that this orf encodes a protein with a mw of 32.4 kda. a trpe-p32 gene fusion containing the entire p32 orf was constructed, and t ...	1989	2646825
a physical map of spodoptera littoralis b-type nuclear polyhedrosis virus genome.	a physical map for the genome of spodoptera littoralis (egyptian cottonworm) nuclear polyhedrosis virus of b-type (s1mnpv-b) [cherry cl, summers md (1985) j invertebr pathol 46: 289-295] was prepared using the restriction endonucleases smai, sfii, noti, apai, kpni, bsteii, psti, saci, and hindiii. the size of the genome was estimated to 136 kbp for the morocco isolate (s1mnpv-m2) and to 135 kbp for the lyon isolate (s1mnpv-l4). hindiii-k was used as the zero-point of the map because it hybridize ...	1989	2647060
expression and characterization of hepatitis b virus surface antigen polypeptides in insect cells with a baculovirus expression system.	the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus was used as an expression vector to produce hepatitis b virus surface antigen with and without the pre-s domain. the s gene product was expressed as both fusion and nonfusion polypeptides. no difference was observed in the posttranslational modification of the fusion and nonfusion polypeptides. the s proteins were not secreted into the medium but were inserted into the endoplasmic reticulum, glycosylated, and partially extruded in ...	1989	2648022
synthesis of biologically active influenza virus hemagglutinin in insect larvae.	the hemagglutinin of influenza (fowl plague) virus was expressed in larvae of heliothis virescens by using recombinant autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) as a vector. animals were infected with the recombinant virus either by parenteral injection or by feeding. for oral uptake, recombinant virus occluded in polyhedra obtained from cultured spodoptera frugiperda cells after coinfection with authentic acnpv was used. immunohistological analyses of infected animals revealed t ...	1989	2648023
the pathway of infection of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus in an insect host.	an immunohistochemical study was conducted to detect the temporal infection sequence of autographa californica m nuclear polyhedrosis virus in trichoplusia ni larvae. staining patterns indicated that the initial infection occurred in the midgut, simultaneously in columnar epithelial and regenerative cells, but that subsequently this tissue recovered. a major envelope glycoprotein stained in a polar fashion when it was expressed in columnar epithelial cells, but not when expressed in other cells ...	1989	2648574
identification, sequence, and transcriptional mapping of the major capsid protein gene of the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus.	the gene encoding the major capsid protein of the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) was identified, sequenced, and transcriptionally mapped. the location of the gene was determined by immunological screening of an expression library of acmnpv open reading frame-beta-galactosidase fusions with an antibody raised to virus structural proteins. the dna sequence of the corresponding region, which mapped within 56.6 and 58.0 map units on the acmnpv genome, revealed ...	1989	2649691
glycosylation is not required for the fusion activity of the g protein of vesicular stomatitis virus in insect cells.	the gene encoding the complete glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv, indiana serotype g protein) with potential asparagine-linked glycans at amino acid residues 179 and 338 was inserted into a baculovirus transfer vector pacym1, derived from the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of autographa californica (acnpv). the gene was placed under the control of the acnpv polyhedrin promotor and expressed by the derived recombinant viruses to high levels in spodoptera frugiperda cell lines. the princ ...	1989	2650461
insertion of the sfmnpv polyhedrin gene into an acmnpv polyhedrin deletion mutant during viral infection.	the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) polyhedrin deletion mutant, d10a, was cotransfected with the recombinant plasmid sfmnpv.hindiii-l, which contains the spodoptera frugiperda nuclear polyhedrosis virus (sfmnpv) polyhedrin gene. an occlusion-positive hybrid virus was obtained which contained a dna insertion at approximately 13 map units on the acmnpv.d10a genome. a fine structure restriction map of cloned viral dna fragments from this region revealed that most of the 1 ...	1989	2655273
bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus-based vectors for expressing passenger genes in silkmoth cells under viral or cellular promoter control.	the polyhedrin gene of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the silkmoth bombyx mori (bmnpv) has been subjected to deletion mutagenesis. a number of clones containing partially deleted polyhedrin genes were characterized and four clones containing limited deletions of the 5'-untranslated or 5'-flanking sequences of the gene were further analyzed with respect to polyhedrin promoter activity. the functional characterization of the deletion mutants was achieved through the insertion of a chloramphenic ...	1989	2656412
effect of cytochalasin d on cell morphology and acmnpv replication in a spodoptera frugiperda cell line.	cytochalasin d (cd) is a specific inhibitor of actin microfilament elongation and has been used to identify actin-dependent cellular processes. in this study we observed the effects of this inhibitor on autographa californica m nuclear polyhedrosis virus infected and uninfected iplb-sf-21 cells by electron microscopy. the cytochalasin d-induced morphological effects detected in uninfected cells included lobulate nuclei, double nuclei, long retraction processes, increased zeiosis, more frequent p ...	1989	2656869
nucleotide sequence of lymantria dispar nuclear polyhedrosis virus polyhedrin gene.	the polyhedrin gene of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the gypsy moth (lymantria dispar) (ldmnpv) was cloned and sequenced. a polyhedrin open reading frame of 735 nucleotides (nt) was identified which can code for a protein of 245 amino acids that demonstrates a high degree of similarity to other polyhedrins. the protein predicted from the nucleotide sequence shows differences in several regions to that previously sequenced from the ldmnpv polyhedrin protein. the consensus sequence aataagtattt ...	1989	2656870
location, sequence, transcriptional mapping, and temporal expression of the gp64 envelope glycoprotein gene of the orgyia pseudotsugata multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus.	the gene encoding gp64, the envelope glycoprotein of the budded virus (bv) of orgyia pseudotsugata multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (opmnpv), was mapped to the hindiii-e fragment of of the viral genome and expression of the gp64 gene was examined at various times postinfection. to locate the gp64 gene, a cross-reacting monoclonal antibody (acv5) (a. w. hohmann and p. faulkner, 1983, virology, 125, 432-444) directed against the gp64 protein of the autographa californica multicapsid nuclear ...	1989	2658304
conservation of polyhedrin gene promoter function between autographa californica and mamestra brassicae nuclear polyhedrosis viruses.	the dna sequence of the polyhedrin gene of the mamestra brassicae multiple nucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (mbmnpv) was determined and compared with the polyhedrin genes of autographa californica (ac) and panolis flammea (pf) mnpvs. using this information, a transfer vector was constructed based on the ecori i fragment of acmnpv in which the polyhedrin promoter was replaced by the homologous region extending 481 nucleotides upstream from the mbmnpv polyhedrin coding sequence. the escheri ...	1989	2658411
expression of human plasminogen cdna in a baculovirus vector-infected insect cell system.	a cdna that encodes the human plasminogen (hpg) amino acid sequence has been inserted adjacent to the polyhedrin promoter in the genome of the baculovirus, autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus, which was then used to infect cultured cells of the farm armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda. under the conditions of cell growth employed, recombinant (rec)-hpg was secreted into the medium after 24 h postinfection (p.i.), at which point virtually no rec-hpg antigen remained inside the cells. at ...	1989	2658810
a cytopathological investigation of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus p10 gene function using insertion/deletion mutants.	the role of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus p10 gene in viral cytopathology and morphogenesis was examined using classes of p10 deletion mutants with and without lacz (beta-galactosidase) gene fusion. mutant-infected cells did not form the fibrillar cytoplasmic and nuclear structures normally observed late in infection with wild-type (wt) virus, and the cells failed to lyse even at 2 weeks post-infection. based on wt and mutant cytopathology, we suggest lysis may be facilit ...	1989	2659726
analysis of the promoter of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus p10 gene.	functional analyses of the p10 gene promoter from the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) were performed by progressively deleting the 230 nucleotides upstream from the p10 coding sequences towards the atg codon. truncated promoter sequences retaining the full 5' non-coding leader of p10 were inserted in front of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene, and promoter activity in transfected acnpv-infected cells was measured using the transient cat expression assay. ...	1989	2659727
analysis of transcription initiation in the panolis flammea nuclear polyhedrosis virus polyhedrin gene.	the nucleotide sequence of the polyhedrin gene of panolis flammea multiple nucleocapsid polyhedrosis virus (pfmnpv) has been determined. the coding sequences of this gene shared 82% similarity at the dna level and 88% similarity at the protein level with the polyhedrin gene from autographa californica (ac) mnpv. a single nucleotide deviation from the consensus transcription initiation sequence for baculovirus very late genes was identified in the pfmnpv polyhedrin gene. rna was prepared from mam ...	1989	2659729
engineering of an oryctes baculovirus recombinant: insertion of the polyhedrin gene from the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus.	a cotransfection method has been developed for the generation of recombinant oryctes baculoviruses. the permissive coleopteran cell-line dsir-ha-1179 was transfected with a mixture of oryctes baculovirus dna (strain pv505) and a transfer vector. the transfer vector, a puc8-based plasmid, contained the polyhedrin gene from the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus, flanked by oryctes baculovirus dna from the hindiii fragment n. oryctes baculovirus does not form plaques with dsir-ha-11 ...	1989	2659730
studies on the control region of the p10 gene of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus.	5' deletion mutants of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus very late p10 gene promoter have been prepared and subjected to a transient expression assay in infected spodoptera frugiperda cells. the control plasmid contained the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) reporter gene under the control of the p10 promoter, which was included in a 230 bp sequence upstream from the p10 translation initiation codon. the control plasmid also contained a segment of the hr5 enhancer downs ...	1989	2659731
characterization of the genetic organization of the hindiii m region of the multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus of orgyia pseudotsugata reveals major differences among baculoviruses.	a region including the 4 kb hindiii m fragment of the multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (mnpv) of orgyia pseudotsugata (opmnpv) genome was sequenced, transcriptionally mapped, and compared to the homologous region in the mnpv of autographa californica (acmnpv). five open reading frames (orfs) oriented in the same direction were identified and were found to be expressed at late times post-infection. the mrnas from the five orfs were found to coterminate at a single site downstream of orf 5. ...	1989	2661722
fatty acid acylation of the 67k envelope glycoprotein of a baculovirus: autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus.	modification of autographa californica multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus extracellular virion polypeptides with fatty acid was investigated. fatty acid-derived radioactivity was incorporated into gp67, the predominant virion envelope glycoprotein, during metabolic labeling using [3h]palmitic acid or [3h]myristic acid. the acyl moiety resisted extraction with chloroform-methanol but was released by mild alkali or hydroxylamine treatment, features characteristic of an ester-type linkage. palm ...	1989	2672565
baculovirus polyhedrin promoter-directed expression of rubella virus envelope glycoproteins, e1 and e2, in spodoptera frugiperda cells.	to study the capability of spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm; sf9) cells to synthesize and process mature rubella virus (rv) proteins, a cdna encoding the structural envelope glycoproteins, e1 (58 kda) and e2 (42-47 kda) were inserted into the genome of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) and expressed during infection under the transcriptional regulation of the polyhedrin gene promoter. by immunoblot analysis with antibodies directed against purified rv, the individual ...	1989	2672567
mass production and purification of euproctis chrysorrhoea (l.) nuclear polyhedrosis virus.	the rearing of larval euproctis chrysorrhoea (l.) on an artificial wheatgerm diet is described. the larvae grew well on the diet, but took over ten weeks to complete their development, reflecting their prolonged life-span in the field. using these larvae it was possible to mass produce a nuclear polyhedrosis virus (npv) isolated from this species, with a view towards its use as a biological insecticide. a mean of 5.86 x 10(9) semi-pure npv polyhedral inclusion bodies/g virus-killed larva was pro ...	1989	2674181
sequence, transcription and translation of a late gene of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus encoding a 34.8k polypeptide.	a 1.4 kb region downstream of the dna polymerase gene of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus was sequenced. two open reading frames (orfs) were identified of 927 and 474 bases in length. the 927 base orf encodes a 34.8k protein as determined by in vitro translation of both hybrid-selected rna and rna synthesized in vitro from a 927 base orf template. the predicted amino acid sequence of the 34.8k polypeptide (p34.8) reveals a hydrophobic n terminus, two potential n-glycosylation si ...	1989	2674327
insect virus: assays for toxic effects and transformation potential in mammalian cells.	the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of autographa californica (acnpv) was evaluated by using in vitro test systems for toxicity and transforming potential in mammalian cells. mass cell cultures of cv-1 and wi38 cells appeared unaffected by acnpv at a multiplicity of infection of 5. human foreskin cells grew more slowly after inoculation but eventually produced healthy monolayers. the sensitivities of the inhibition of reproductive survivability assays were greater and demonstrated slight acnpv toxici ...	1989	2675761
expression and characterization of the ha-ras p21 protein produced at high levels in the insect/baculovirus system.	normal and mutated cdnas of ha-ras have each been cloned into a standard (pac373) and a novel (p36c) baculovirus transfer vector and introduced via homologous recombination into the genome of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus immediately downstream of the polyhedrin promoter. spodoptera frugiperda cells infected with recombinant virus containing the normal ha-ras gene express very high levels of ras p21 protein (approximately 20% of total cell protein), whereas the mutant protein ...	1989	2681210
cell-surface expression and purification of human cd4 produced in baculovirus-infected insect cells.	cd4 is an integral membrane glycoprotein that acts as the cellular receptor for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). a cdna encoding full-length cd4 was inserted into the genome of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus under transcriptional regulation of the viral polyhedrin gene promoter. the recombinant virus was used to infect insect cells, which resulted in the abundant expression of cd4 as evaluated by flow cytometry and immunoblot analysis. recombinant cd4 expressed on the surfa ...	1989	2682621
construction and analysis of an autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus mutant lacking the polyhedral envelope.	an autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv)-specific protein of 34 kda (pp34) is shown to be involved in the morphogenesis of the polyhderal envelope of baculoviruses. the region of the acmnpv genome encompassing ecori-h and -s (map positions 82.6-85.8) contains five open reading frames (orfs) forming one transcriptional unit. the bacterial beta-galactosidase (lacz) gene was inserted in phase with the n-terminal 12 amino acids of orf3, thereby intervening this gene. a recombina ...	1989	2683364
transfection of cloned heliothis zea cell lines with the dna genome of the heliothis zea nuclear polyhedrosis virus.	transfection conditions were optimized for the cloned und-k derivative of the iplb-hz 1075 cell line using the calcium-phosphate co-precipitation technique and the dna genome of the heliothis zea s-type nuclear polyhedrosis virus. optimal efficiencies were obtained using supercoiled viral dna, and by extending the adsorption period for the diluted precipitate to 12 h. transfection efficiencies ranging from 0.5 to 1.3 x 10(3) plaque forming units per microgram of supercoiled viral dna were routin ...	1989	2685005
immunogenic and protective properties of rabies virus glycoprotein expressed by baculovirus vectors.	the gene encoding the glycoprotein of rabies virus (g protein, cvs strain) has been cloned and inserted into the baculovirus transfer vector pacym1 derived from the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of autographa californica (acnpv). the gene was placed under the control of the acnpv polyhedrin promoter and expressed to high levels by the derived recombinant virus using a spodoptera frugiperda cell line. it has been established that the antigenic characteristics of the protein were conserved by compari ...	1989	2688298
identification of p74, a gene essential for virulence of baculovirus occlusion bodies.	dna sequencing of the hindiii-p fragment of the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus downstream of a major late protein, p10, revealed the presence of an open reading frame (orf) 1935 nucleotides in length and in opposite polarity to p10. the gene product is considered essential for virus virulence in trichoplusia ni larvae since infection with occlusion bodies from a mutant, ac228z, in which portions of adjacent carboxy-termini from peptides p74 and p10 were deleted, fa ...	1989	2688302
efficient transfection of insect cells with baculovirus dna using electroporation.	efficient transfection of spodoptera frugiperda cells with autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) dna has been carried out using the technique of electroporation. the efficiency of transfection was monitored by assaying the extracellular virus in cell culture supernatants 3 days post-electroporation. maximum titres of 2 x 10(9) p.f.u./ml acnpv were obtained when using a pulse length of 7.7 ms and a field strength of 500 v/cm. this compared with a titre of 2 x 10(6) p.f.u./ml a ...	1989	2691634
increased insecticidal effect by a recombinant baculovirus carrying a synthetic diuretic hormone gene.	genetically engineered insect viruses may be potential alternatives to conventional chemical insecticides. a recombinant gene for the diuretic hormone of the tobacco hornworm, manduca sexta, has been introduced into a baculovirus, bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (bmnpv). when silkworm larvae were injected with the resulting recombinant bmnpv, the diuretic hormone was expressed, causing a strong alteration in larval fluid metabolism. the recombinant virus killed infected larvae about 20% f ...	1989	2692562
dna hybridization assay for detection of gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus in infected gypsy moth (lymantria dispar l.) larvae.	radiolabeled lymantria dispar nuclear polyhedrosis virus dna probes were used in a dna hybridization assay to detect the presence of viral dna in extracts from infected larvae. total dna was extracted from larvae, bound to nitrocellulose filters, and assayed for the presence of viral dna by two methods: slot-blot vacuum filtration and whole-larval squashes. to test the assays, neonate larvae were fed droplets containing a known concentration of l. dispar nuclear polyhedrosis virus and observed f ...	1989	2696426
[use of baculovector for the expression of hbsag gene in insect cells].	based on the information of molecular biology of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv), a recombinant transfer plasmid pacmv was constructed by molecular procedures included using two synthetic localized probes, which provided an inserted position linked with bamhi sequences nearly at polyhedrin initiating atg codon. then an expression vector pacmv-hbsag was reconstructed, it contained hbsag gene from subclone pypss-1 derived from adwserotype of hbv. the recombinant virus con ...	1989	2800542
dna fragments of bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus containing the promoters active in prokaryotes.	using a promoter probe plasmid in e. coli called phe5, eight different hindiii and one sali dna fragments of bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus, directing the expression of the tetracycline resistance gene, have been cloned and isolated. the tetracycline resistance levels of the strains containing the recombinant plasmids were measured. among them, the highest level of the resistance to tetracycline was 30 micrograms/ml. part of the nucleotide sequence of a dna fragment was determined. a seq ...	1987	2823381
identification and nucleotide sequence of the regions of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus genome carrying insertion elements derived from spodoptera frugiperda.	a morphology mutant of the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus called m5 was previously shown to synthesize two size classes of viral dna, one of which had a deletion of 42% of the genome. it was hypothesized that the presence of the smaller m5 circular dna resulted from the specific deletion of the region located between two sites carrying short dna insertions. these sites have now been identified by dna-dna hybridization using cloned ecori fragments of m5 dna. one clo ...	1987	2823472
functional mapping of autographa california nuclear polyhedrosis virus genes required for late gene expression.	a plasmid containing the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene under the control of an autographa california nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) late gene promoter was constructed. this plasmid (pl2cat) also contained the acnpv hr5 enhancer element. transient-expression assay experiments indicated that the late promoter was active in spodoptera frugiperda cells cotransfected with pl2cat and acnpv dna but not when pl2cat was transfected alone. low levels of cat activity were obser ...	1988	2826808
comparisons of host cell dna insertions and altered transcription at the site of insertions in few polyhedra bacilovirus mutants.	few polyhedgra (fp) mutants of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) and the closely related strain galleria mellonella (gm)npv have been reported which contain trichoplusia ni host cell dna sequences inserted into the viral genome between map units 35.0 and 37.7. new fp mutants are described with alterations of the hindiii-i restriction enzyme fragment (33.8 to 37.7 map units) of acnpv, either deletions of viral dna sequences or insertions of spodoptera frugiperda host cell ...	1988	2829419
functional analysis of the p10 gene 5' leader sequence of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus.	deletions were made in the 5' non-coding (leader) sequence of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) p10 gene which progressively removed nucleotides upstream from the atg translation initiation codon. the effect of these deletions on p10 gene expression was studied using a transient expression assay. fragments containing the putative promoter and the entire or partly deleted 5' leader sequence of the p10 gene were inserted in front of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase ...	1988	2836797
expression of the e2 open reading frame of papillomaviruses bpv1 and hpv6b in silkworm by a baculovirus vector.	to produce and characterize the nature of the e2 protein of papillomaviruses, we have developed a system to express the dna sequence containing an open reading frame (orf) as a fusion protein in cultured insect cells and silkworms. the dna fragments of the e2 orf predicted from the dna sequence of bovine papillomavirus type 1 and human papillomavirus type 6b were linked to the n-terminal part of polyhedrin gene of the baculovirus bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (bmnpv) vector. hybrid prot ...	1988	2837019
the genome of the multicapsid baculovirus of orgyia pseudotsugata: restriction map and analysis of two sets of gc-rich repeated sequences.	five cosmids containing inserts that comprise the complete genome of the multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus of orgyia pseudotsugata were mapped with four restriction enzymes (bg/ii, clai, ssti, xhoi). from these cosmid maps, composite maps of the complete genome were constructed for each restriction enzyme. a region containing repeats of the sequence ggc downstream of the polyhedrin gene was used to probe the genome. it cross-hybridized with a region which, upon sequence analysis, was found ...	1988	2838575
expression of human papillomavirus type 6b e2 gene product with dna-binding activity in insect (bombyx mori) cells using a baculovirus expression vector.	human papillomavirus type 6b (hpv6b) has been shown to be a major etiologic agent of genital condylomas. the e2 gene, one of the early genes, has been shown to activate the enhancer element in trans in cells transformed with bovine papillomavirus type 1a (bpv1a) but the e2 gene product of any hpv has not been identified. the e2 gene of hpv6b was inserted into the polyhedrin gene of a baculovirus, bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (bmnpv), 156 bp downstream from the translational start codon ...	1988	2842232
restriction mapping of lymantria dispar nuclear polyhedrosis virus dna: localization of the polyhedrin gene and identification of four homologous regions.	the genome of the multiple-embedded nuclear polyhedrosis virus (mnpv) of lymantria dispar (ldmnpv) was partially characterized by restriction endonuclease analysis and a physical map was constructed using cosmid cloning and southern cross blot hybridization. using bamhi, bglii, ecori and hindiii, the size of the genome was estimated to be 88.5 x 10(6) mr or 134.04 kbp. ldmnpv dna was also analysed using methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes. the resulting restriction profiles suggested that ...	1988	2842437
in vivo isolation of baculovirus genotypes.	restriction endonuclease profiles of a wild-type granulosis virus from artogeia rapae (argv3) and a nuclear polyhedrosis virus from lymantria dispar (ldmnpv) indicated that the preparations were genotypically heterogeneous. eight constituent genotypes were isolated from argv3 by low mortality dose infections of late instar a. rapae and analysis of progeny viral dna recovered from individual cadavers. three distinct genotypes were isolated from ldmnpv by the same approach, using l. dispar larvae. ...	1988	2842948
expression of hepatitis a virus capsid sequences in insect cells.	a cdna coding for hepatitis a virus (hav) vp1 and portions of the flanking vp3 and p2 sequences was inserted into the genome of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus under the control of the polyhedrin promoter and translational start codon. cells infected with recombinant virus produced high levels of a 55 kda protein, identified as containing hav vp1 by reactivity with anti-vp1 serum. the expressed protein also reacted on immunoblots with human hav convalescent sera as well as sera ...	1988	2842974
synthesis of functional human immunodeficiency virus tat protein in baculovirus as determined by a cell-cell fusion assay.	the human immunodeficiency virus tat protein is a strong trans-activator of the expression of mrnas originating from the viral long terminal repeat. we have expressed the first 72 amino acids (coding exon 1) of this protein in eucaryotic spodoptera frugiperda sf9 cells by using a baculovirus vector, autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. we show that the baculovirus vector stably produced the 72-amino-acid form of the tat protein but was unable to stably synthesize a larger 101-amino ...	1988	2843682
bluetongue virus tubules made in insect cells by recombinant baculoviruses: expression of the ns1 gene of bluetongue virus serotype 10.	bluetongue virus (btv) forms tubules in mammalian cells. these tubules appear to be composed of only one type of protein, ns1, a major nonstructural protein of the virus. to obtain direct evidence for the origin of the tubules, the complete m6 gene of btv serotype 10 was inserted into the baculovirus transfer vector pacym1, so that it was under the control of the polyhedrin promoter of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. after cotransfection of spodoptera frugiperda cells with wil ...	1988	2845115
overproduction of the protein encoded by the maize transposable element ac in insect cells by a baculovirus vector.	the polypeptide encoded in the activator (ac) element of zea mays l. has been expressed in spodoptera frugiperda insect cells using plasmids which carry the strong polyhedrin promoter of the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv). recombinant acnpvs with the ac-cdna integrated and under the control of the viral polyhedrin promoter have been isolated and their genomes have been partly characterized as to the location of the foreign dna insert. upon infection of s. f ...	1988	2851092
physical mapping of temporally regulated, overlapping transcripts in the region of the 10k protein gene in autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus.	we investigated transcriptional activity in the region of a gene for a major late protein (10 kilodaltons) of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. this 10k protein gene spans an hindiii cleavage site, with the 5' end of the gene located in the hindiii-q fragment and the 3' end in the hindiii-p fragment. northern blot analysis showed that there were at least four transcripts mapping in this region, two that are present maximally at 12 h (1,500 and 1,100 bases in length) and two that ...	1986	2867228
effects of serial passage of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus in cell culture.	a study of the major genomic alterations occurring during serial passage of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) in a trichoplusia ni cell line was conducted. progeny viruses from 24 independent passages were randomly selected and analyzed with restriction endonucleases. specific deletion mutations were generated repeatedly in the psti-g (7.6 to 13.1%) and the psti-i (14.4-17.9%) regions; these mutations became predominant in the serially passaged stocks in which they arose. ...	1987	2887077
baculovirus expression of the small genome segment of hantaan virus and potential use of the expressed nucleocapsid protein as a diagnostic antigen.	autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) was used as an expression vector for the nucleocapsid protein gene of hantaan virus. two different cdna clones representing the small genome segment of hantaan virus were inserted into the transfer vector pacym1, and recombinants were generated by replacement of a portion of the baculovirus polyhedrin gene with the foreign, hantaan virus gene. recombinants containing both the first and second atg initiation codons of the hantaan virus gen ...	1988	2895799
expression of human tyrosine hydroxylase cdna in invertebrate cells using a baculovirus vector.	a human cdna containing the complete coding sequence for a human tyrosine hydroxylase (ec 1.14.16.2, form 2) was introduced into the genome of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) downstream to the polyhedrin promoter. infection of spodoptera frugiperda cells (sf9) with recombinant virus resulted in the expression of human tyrosine hydroxylase in these invertebrate cells. characterization of tyrosine hydroxylase activity in infected sf9 cells demonstrated both substrate and ...	1988	2896667
active human erythropoietin expressed in insect cells using a baculovirus vector: a role for n-linked oligosaccharide.	biologically active recombinant human erythropoietin has been expressed at high levels in an insect cell background. expression involved the preparation of a human erythropoietin cdna, the transfer of this cdna to the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) genome under the polyhedrin gene promoter, and the subsequent infection of spodoptera frugiperda cells with recombinant acnpv. erythropoietin cdna was prepared through the expression of the human erythropoietin gene in cos c ...	1987	2960381
activation of an insect baculovirus promoter in mammalian cells by adenovirus functions.	the insect baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) replicates in insect cell lines in culture. in mammalian cells, however, the virus cannot be propagated. acnpv dna does not replicate or persist and is not transcribed in mammalian cells (tjia et al., 1983). in insect cells productively infected with acnpv, at least two major late viral gene products have been recognized, the polyhedrin, which makes up the bulk of the polyhedral inclusion bodies in infected cell nuc ...	1987	2963453
purification and functional properties of simian virus 40 large and small t antigens overproduced in insect cells.	the insect baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus was used as an expression vector for the simian virus 40 (sv40) small t (t) and large t (t) antigens. spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) cells infected with recombinant viruses encoding these proteins produced approximately 1 to 2 micrograms of t and up to 30 micrograms of t per 3 x 10(6) cells. the former was highly soluble after nonidet p-40 extraction of the infected cells, unlike its escherichia coli-produced counterpart. both ...	1988	2969056
induction of spodoptera littoralis nuclear polyhedrosis virus in cell cultures.	a nuclear polyhedrosis virus (npv) infection was initiated in a spodoptera littoralis cell line when haemocytes from granulosis virus (gv)-infected s. littoralis larvae and ultra-violet-inactivated sendai virus were added.	1985	2982357
production of human alpha-interferon in silkworm using a baculovirus vector.	microorganisms are generally used for mass production of foreign gene products, but multicellular organisms such as plants have been proposed as an economical alternative. the silkworm may be useful in this context as it can be cultured easily and at low cost. we have therefore developed a virus vector to introduce foreign genes, for example, the gene for human alpha-interferon (ifn-alpha), into silkworms. we used the baculovirus bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (bmnpv) which has a large ( ...	1985	2989694
baculovirus-mediated expression of bacterial genes in dipteran and mammalian cells.	a recombinant baculovirus containing the escherichia coli chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene under the control of the rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat promoter and the e. coli beta-galactosidase gene under the control of the very late baculoviral polyhedrin promoter was used to determine if autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus, a baculovirus of lepidoptera, can enter and express viral dna in dipteran (drosophila sp.) and mammalian (mus sp.) cells that are considered ...	1985	2993646
dna homology relationships between spodoptera littoralis nuclear polyhedrosis virus and other baculoviruses.	the dna sequence homology relationships between spodoptera littoralis nuclear polyhedrosis virus (npv) and five other lepidopteran npvs were studied by hybridization of 32p-labeled npv dnas to southern blots of restriction-endonuclease-digested npv dna. the s. littoralis npv (slmnpv) shows extensive dna sequence homology through most of the genome with s. frugiperda npv and s. exigua npv. heliothis armigera npv, h. zea npv, and autographa californica npv (acmnpv) share fewer regions of homology ...	1985	2995274
baculovirus (mnpv) genomic variants: characterization of spodoptera exempta mnpv dnas and comparison with other autographa californica mnpv dnas.	a nuclear polyhedrosis virus (npv) strain from spodoptera exempta (semnpv-25 baculovirus) is a restriction endonuclease dna map variant similar to autographa californica npv (acmnpv baculovirus). fourteen restriction endonuclease variants were identified and isolated from a semnpv baculovirus stock with 12 of the variants found at low frequency (less than 3%). the dna from each variant was compared to the prototype semnpv-25 for insertions, deletions and new restriction sites. regions of variati ...	1985	2997376
size and map locations of early transcription products on the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus genome.	the size classes and map locations of early transcripts of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus were identified by probing northern blots with cloned viral dna fragments. twelve abundant and 30 minor transcripts were detected by 4 hr postinfection. there was an increase in the abundancy and number of virus-specific transcripts between 6 and 8 hr postinfection, coincident with the onset of dna replication. the change in transcription pattern did not occur in cells infected at the non ...	1985	2997978
[transposition and reversion of mutations induced in drosophila by viral dna].	injection of solutions of highly polymerized dna isolated from nuclear polyhedrosis virus of galleria mellonella into adult males induced with a considerable frequency visible mutations, two of which were studied in detail. they were detected in about 30 000 flies in the progeny of treated males. much less than notched-wings much greater than (ndw, chromosome 3, location 87.9, dominant) independently arose 12 times, much less than thickened-veins much greater than (thi, chromosome 2, location 71 ...	1986	3006304
location and nucleotide sequence of the orgyia pseudotsugata single nucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus polyhedrin gene.	a restriction endonuclease map was determined for the orgyia pseudotsugata single nucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (snpv) genome. the order of the fragments generated by the enzymes bglii, bamhi and xbai was analysed using double digestion of the total genome and digestion of isolated restriction fragments. the location of the polyhedrin gene was then determined using a cloned polyhedrin gene from the o. pseudotsugata multiple nucleocapsid npv (mnpv) as a hybridization probe. a fragment c ...	1986	3011971
characterization of 3'----5' exonuclease associated with dna polymerase of silkworm nuclear polyhedrosis virus.	3'----5' exonuclease specific for single-stranded dna copurified with dna polymerase of nuclear polyhedrosis virus of silkworm bombyx mori (bmnpv pol). bmnpv pol has no detectable 5'----3' exonuclease activity on single-stranded or duplex dna. analysis of the products of 3'----5' exonucleolytic reaction showed that deoxynucleoside monophosphates were released during the hydrolysis of single-stranded dna. the exonuclease activity cosedimented with the polymerase activity during ultracentrifugatio ...	1986	3012482
expression of the influenza virus haemagglutinin in insect cells by a baculovirus vector.	the insect baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) has played a major role in studies on the molecular biology of insect dna viruses. recently, this system has been effectively adapted as a highly efficient vector in insect cells for the expression of several mammalian genes. a cdna sequence of the influenza (fowl plague) virus haemagglutinin gene has been inserted into the bamhi site of the pac373 polyhedrin vector. spodoptera frugiperda cells were co-transfected w ...	1986	3015601
nucleotide sequence of a portion of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus genome containing the ecori site-rich region (hr5) and an open reading frame just 5' of the p10 gene.	the nucleotide sequence of a 1587 bp region lying within the hindiii-q fragment of autographa californica multiple nucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) dna has been determined. it begins in the ecori-s-ecori-x region, continues to the hindiii-p/q boundary and contains an open reading frame that codes for a polypeptide of 240 amino acids (p26). this open reading frame is also included in the 1100 and 1500 base transcripts previously mapped to this region. the sequence reveals that the ...	1986	3023539
bidirectional transcription from a solo long terminal repeat of the retrotransposon ted: symmetrical rna start sites.	a single copy of the retrotransposon ted was found integrated within the dna genome of the insect baculovirus, autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. after excision of the element from the viral genome, a single long terminal repeat (ltr) remained behind. we have examined the effect of this solo ted ltr on the local pattern of viral transcription. most prominent was the transcription of two sets of abundant rnas; both originated within the ltr but extended in opposite directions into ...	1986	3023897
conserved homologous regions between two baculovirus dnas.	regions of homology on the physical maps of spodoptera exempta multiple-nucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (semnpv-25), an autographa californica mnpv genomic variant, and s. frugiperda (sfmnpv-2) baculovirus dnas were identified by reciprocal dna-dna blot hybridization under conditions of an effective temperature of tm -25 degrees c. in addition, cloned fragments of the viral genome which contained the homologous regions were used in hybridization experiments to confirm, refine and correla ...	1987	3027243
abundant synthesis of functional human t-cell leukemia virus type i p40x protein in eucaryotic cells by using a baculovirus expression vector.	the human t-cell leukemia virus type i (htlv-i) p40x protein is a 40-kilodalton polypeptide encoded in the 3'-terminal region of the virus. this protein is responsible for positive transcriptional trans-activation of promoter elements located within the htlv-i long terminal repeat. we introduced the protein-coding region of htlv-i p40x into the genome of the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. after infection of the insect spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) cell line, this re ...	1987	3027397
production and characterization of the neutralization antigen vp2 of bluetongue virus serotype 10 using a baculovirus expression vector.	dna representing rna segment 2 of bluetongue virus (btv) serotype 10, corresponding to the gene that codes for the btv neutralization antigen vp2, has been inserted into a baculovirus transfer vector in lieu of the 5' coding region of the polyhedrin gene of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv). after cotransfection of spodoptera frugiperda cells with wild-type acnpv dna in the presence of the derived recombinant transfer vector dna, polyhedrin-negative recombinant baculoviru ...	1987	3029984
synthesis and immunogenicity of the rotavirus major capsid antigen using a baculovirus expression system.	rotaviruses are the major pathogens that cause life-threatening diarrhea in young children and animals. we inserted a simian rotavirus sa11 gene 6 cdna into the genome of the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus adjacent to the strong polyhedrin promoter. the major capsid antigen (vp6) was expressed in high yields (20 to 150 micrograms/10(6) cells) when spodoptera frugiperda cells were infected with baculovirus recombinants containing sa11 gene 6 inserts. reactivity with ...	1987	3033276
expression of polyomavirus large t antigen by using a baculovirus vector.	a gene encoding the large t antigen of polyomavirus was inserted into the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus so that gene expression was under the control of the strong, very late polyhedrin gene promoter. significantly more large t antigen was produced in recombinant virus-infected insect cells than was observed in polyomavirus-transformed mouse cells. the insect-derived t antigen exhibited polyomavirus origin-specific dna binding. the baculovirus expression system pr ...	1987	3033300
a baculovirus vector can express intron-containing genes.	a simjan virus 40 genomic fragment containing the genes coding for the large t and small t antigens was inserted into the genome of the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus downstream of the strong polyhedrin promoter. infection of eucaryotic spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) cells with this recombinant virus produced significant amounts of small t antigen and little or no large t protein. analysis by northern blotting and s1 nuclease digestion revealed correct and preferentia ...	1987	3033307
expression of bluetongue virus group-specific antigen vp3 in insect cells by a baculovirus vector: its use for the detection of bluetongue virus antibodies.	dna representing rna segment 3 of bluetongue virus (btv) serotype 17, corresponding to the gene that codes for a group-specific antigen vp3, has been inserted into a baculovirus transfer vector in lieu of the 5' coding region of the polyhedrin gene of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv). after cotransfection of spodoptera frugiperda cells with wild-type acnpv dna in the presence of the derived recombinant transfer vector dna, polyhedrin-negative recombinant baculoviruses we ...	1987	3035063
divergent transcription of early 35- and 94-kilodalton protein genes encoded by the hindiii k genome fragment of the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus.	the organization of viral genes within the 3.7-kilobase-pair hindiii-k/ecori-s region of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus genome (85 to 88 map units) was determined by using a combination of nucleotide sequencing, transcriptional mapping, and in vitro translation of hybrid selected rna. two nonoverlapping genes, extending in opposite directions and encoding polypeptides with molecular weights of 35,000 and 94,000 (35k and 94k polypeptides), were identified. unspliced, messen ...	1987	3035225
overlapping sets of viral rnas reflect the array of polypeptides in the ecori j and n fragments (map positions 81.2 to 85.0) of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus genome.	in several parts of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) genome, nested sets of overlapping rnas with common 3' or 5' termini have been recognized. in the present report, the pattern of viral transcription and the arrangement of viral gene products in the region of 81.2 to 85.0 map units were investigated. in this segment of the acnpv genome, at least nine size classes of viral rna were identified which ranged in size from 1.3 kilobases (kb) to 4.6 kb and exhibited commo ...	1987	3041026
multiple early transcripts and splicing of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus ie-1 gene.	the immediate-early ie-1 gene of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus was cloned, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. sequence analysis indicated that this gene would encode a protein of 582 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 66,822. analysis of ie-1 gene expression during baculovirus infection identified two transcripts. one, 1.9 kilobases (kb), was expressed at constant steady-state levels throughout infection, whereas the other, 2.1 kb, was expressed only ea ...	1988	3043024
resistance of the 64k protein of budded autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus to functional inactivation by proteolysis.	the 64k surface protein of budded autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv bv) is known to play a role in the functional entry of acmnpv bv into spodoptera frugiperda iplb-sf-21 cells by adsorptive endocytosis. acv1, a neutralizing monoclonal antibody, reacts with the 64k protein and in doing so prevents efficient entry. in this communication we report that treatment of acmnpv bv with either trypsin or proteinase k cleaves the 64k protein into one major fragment of 34.6k and two ...	1988	3046120
co-expression of the hepatitis b surface and core antigens using baculovirus multiple expression vectors.	the hepatitis b (hb) virus dna sequences coding for the pre-core (prec) or c antigens (hbpcag, hbcag) have been inserted into the baculovirus plasmid transfer vector, pacym1, such that the hb viral sequences are under the control of the polyhedrin promoter of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv). spodoptera frugiperda cells infected with either of the derived recombinant plasmids in the presence of infectious acnpv dna yielded recombinant, polyhedrin-negative viruses that ex ...	1988	3053987
association of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) with the nuclear matrix.	nuclear matrices from uninfected spodoptera frugiperda cells and those infected with autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) were isolated and their protein constituents were compared. proteins were characterized according to size and several different antibodies to drosophila nuclear proteins were employed in an attempt to identify the proteins comprising this nuclear substructure. three species of lamins were identified as major constituents of the nuclear matrix of spodopte ...	1988	3055664
alteration of a lepidopteran peritrophic membrane by baculoviruses and enhancement of viral infectivity.	the peritrophic membrane (pm), which lines the midgut of many insect species, has several functions. in particular, it may serve as a mechanical barrier to invading microorganisms. the protein composition of the pm from healthy and baculovirus-treated trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper) larvae was analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. a specific interaction took place between baculoviruses and the pm of susceptible t. ni larvae. a 68-kda glycoprotein of the pm disappeared within 15 min po ...	1988	3055665
p39, a major baculovirus structural protein: immunocytochemical characterization and genetic location.	a series of monoclonal antibodies was produced against proteins from polyhedra-derived virions of the multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus of orgyia pseudotsugata (opmnpv). two of these antibodies (214 and 236) reacted with a protein of 39 kda on western blots of electrophoretically separated opmnpv viron proteins derived from both budded and polyhedra-derived virions. this protein appears to be a major component of both bv and pdv. one of the p39 antibodies was used to characterize p39 synthe ...	1988	3059676
evidence for phosphorylation of trans-activator p40x of human t-cell leukemia virus type i produced in insect cells with a baculovirus expression vector.	human t-cell leukemia virus type i (htlv-i) encodes a trans-activator protein p40x which positively regulates transcription of the viral rna as well as interleukin-2 and its receptor genes. we placed a cdna coding for p40x in baculovirus bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (bmnpv) expression vectors. infection of bmn cells derived from an insect, b. mori (silkworm), with a recombinant virus led to the production of soluble p40x. the biological activity of the recombinant p40x was demonstrated ...	1988	3059677