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occurrence of demodex spp. (acari, demodecidae) in the striped field mouse apodemus agrarius (rodentia, muridae) in poland.the hair follicle mites (acari, demodecidae) are obligatory and specific parasites of mammals, important in human and veterinary medicine. the family is represented by more than 100 species worldwide and 30 in poland, therein 11 species (and 3 subspecies) were discovered from 10 species of native rodents. fifty two striped field mice apodemus agrarius from eastern pomerania (poland) were examined in 2006-2007; the presence of mites was confirmed by the standard method of digesting skin fragments ...201020450009
molecular evolution of trichuris muris isolated from different muridae hosts in europe.a phylogeographic study was carried out of trichuris muris, nematode parasitizing murinae rodents from the muridae family, isolated from four different hosts and from different geographical regions of europe by amplification and sequencing of the its1-5.8s-its2 fragment of the ribosomal dna. t. muris was found in the apodemus sylvaticus, apodemus flavicollis, mus domesticus, and rattus rattus rodents. the molecular results confirm the presence of dna polymorphisms among t. muris isolates from eu ...201020473527
exposure reduction of seed treatments through dehusking behaviour of the wood mouse (apodemus sylvaticus).seed treatments are widely used on cereals and other annual crops throughout europe. most of the formulated pesticide is found on the outside of the seed, the husk. risk assessments of seed treatments are especially needed for granivorous mice living in the agricultural landscape e.g. for registration using the guidance for risk assessment for birds and mammals (efsa 2009). the dehusking of seeds before consumption is a known behaviour of these mammals, but so far, no quantitative data on the re ...201120544296
multiple mesodermal lineage differentiation of apodemus sylvaticus embryonic stem cells in vitro.embryonic stem (es) cells have attracted significant attention from researchers around the world because of their ability to undergo indefinite self-renewal and produce derivatives from the three cell lineages, which has enormous value in research and clinical applications. until now, many es cell lines of different mammals have been established and studied. in addition, recently, as-es1 cells derived from apodemus sylvaticus were established and identified by our laboratory as a new mammalian e ...201020565897
testing procedures for the determination of several biomarkers in different species, for environmental assessment of pollution.antioxidant defences are the primary mechanisms by which organisms compensate oxidative damage caused by contact with several types of substances prone to establish oxidative cycles. biomarkers are one of the most useful tools to assess effects consequent to environmental exposure to a large number of xenobiotics. however, the use of biomarkers requires previous standardization of enzymatic protocols in order to guarantee accuracy and relevance of obtained results. this article describes standar ...201020589292
bioaccumulation of pges and other traffic-related metals in populations of the small mammal apodemus sylvaticus.the accumulation of the platinum group elements (pges), pd, pt, rh, and other heavy metals (cd, cr, cu, mn, ni, pb, zn) in the wood mouse apodemus sylvaticus was investigated in relation to environmental availability, comparing levels in the commonly used target tissues, the liver and kidney, to hair responses. in particular the research aimed to evaluate the suitability of a non-destructive hair-based biomonitoring approach and the responsiveness of pges as tracers for the environmental hazard ...201020655570
differences in hippocampal protein levels between c57bl/6j, pwd/phj, and apodemus sylvaticus are paralleled by differences in spatial memory.there is a significant strain-dependent performance in the morris water maze (mwm), a paradigm for the evaluation of spatial memory. in contrast, information on molecular differences that may be responsible for differences in spatial memory performance is limited. the aim of the study was therefore to investigate differences in hippocampal protein levels in three groups with different performance in the mwm. c57bl/6j (inbred laboratory strain), pwd/phj (inbred strain derived from wild animals of ...201020740491
the effects of environmental low-dose irradiation on tolerance to chemotherapeutic agents.the nuclear disaster at chernobyl, ukraine, in april of 1986 continues to impact the environment on many different levels. studies of epidemiological, environmental, and genetic impacts have been prolific since the accident, revealing interesting results concerning the effects of radiation. the long-tailed field mouse, apodemus flavicollis, was collected from distinct localities near the chernobyl site and evaluated based on in vivo responses to the current clinically employed chemotherapeutic a ...201121140382
chemokine binding protein m3 of murine gammaherpesvirus 68 modulates the host response to infection in a natural host.murine ?-herpesvirus 68 (mhv-68) infection of mus musculus-derived strains of mice is an attractive model of ?-herpesvirus infection. surprisingly, however, ablation of expression of mhv-68 m3, a secreted protein with broad chemokine-binding properties in vitro, has no discernable effect during experimental infection via the respiratory tract. here we demonstrate that m3 indeed contributes significantly to mhv-68 infection, but only in the context of a natural host, the wood mouse (apodemus sylv ...201121445235
investigating the persistence of tick-borne pathogens via the r0 model.summaryin the epidemiology of infectious diseases, the basic reproduction number, r0, has a number of important applications, most notably it can be used to predict whether a pathogen is likely to become established, or persist, in a given area. we used the r0 model to investigate the persistence of 3 tick-borne pathogens; babesia microti, anaplasma phagocytophilum and borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in an apodemus sylvaticus-ixodes ricinus system. the persistence of these pathogens was also det ...201121518464
rodents as sentinels for the prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus.abstract introduction: tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) causes one of the most important flavivirus infections of the central nervous system, affecting humans in europe and asia. it is mainly transmitted by the bite of an infected tick and circulates among them and their vertebrate hosts. until now, tbe risk analysis in germany has been based on the incidence of human cases. because of an increasing vaccination rate, this approach might be misleading, especially in regions of low virus circu ...201121548766
permanent genetic resources added to the molecular ecology resources database 1 february 2010-31 march 2010.this article documents the addition of 228 microsatellite marker loci to the molecular ecology resources database. loci were developed for the following species: anser cygnoides, apodemus flavicollis, athene noctua, cercis canadensis, glis glis, gubernatrix cristata, haliotis tuberculata, helianthus maximiliani, laricobius nigrinus, laricobius rubidus, neoheligmonella granjoni, nephrops norvegicus, oenanthe javanica, paramuricea clavata, pyrrhura orcesi and samanea saman. these loci were cross-t ...201021565086
detection of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (rhdv) in nonspecific vertebrate hosts sympatric to the european wild rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus).since its detection in china in 1984, rabbit haemorrhagic disease (rhd) has been the subject of numerous studies. yet, the evolutionary origin of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (rhdv) is still under debate. for example, some aspects related to the epidemiology of the disease are still unknown, such as where the virus is hosted between rhd outbreaks. to detect the presence of rhdv in rabbit-sympatric micromammals, 51 rodents (29 mus spretus and 22 apodemus sylvaticus) and 31 rabbits (oryctolag ...201121600308
prevalence and co-infection of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum in apodemus sylvaticus in an area relatively free of cats.summarythe protozoan parasite toxoplasma gondii is prevalent worldwide and can infect a remarkably wide range of hosts despite felids being the only definitive host. as cats play a major role in transmission to secondary mammalian hosts, the interaction between cats and these hosts should be a major factor determining final prevalence in the secondary host. this study investigates the prevalence of t. gondii in a natural population of apodemus sylvaticus collected from an area with low cat densi ...201121756421
cadmium accumulation in small mammals: species traits, soil properties, and spatial habitat use.in this study, the impact of species-specific spatial habitat use, diet preferences, and soil concentrations and properties on the accumulation of cadmium in small mammals was investigated. the results show that for the wood mouse (apodemus sylvaticus), a mobile species with a large range in diet composition, accumulation of cadmium was not related to local soil concentrations or soil properties, but to diet preferences. for the common vole (microtus arvalis), a nonmobile, specific feeding speci ...201121770371
patterns of tick-borne encephalitis virus infection in rodents in slovenia.abstract tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) is the most important causative agent of arboviral infection in europe, causing neurologic symptoms. the incidence of the disease has greatly increased over the past decades, and in the meantime, some changes in spatial distribution of tbe cases have been observed. therefore, it is important to recognize the distribution of endemic areas, to use preventive measures successfully. in this study, rodents from all over slovenia were evaluated as suitab ...201122022821
Diversity of murine norovirus in wild rodent populations: species-specific associations suggest an ancient divergence.A survey of wild rodent populations has revealed that murine norovirus (MNV) is present and diverse in wild house mice Mus musculus. This virus is genetically similar to MNV infecting show mice and previously described variants circulating in laboratory mice. The detection of MNV in wild mouse populations suggests that MNV infection of laboratory mice and show mice (from which laboratory mice are derived) derives from contact with or their origins from wild mouse progenitors. The survey addition ...201122071511
ixodes ricinus is not an epidemiologically relevant vector of bartonella species in the wood mouse (apodemus sylvaticus).bartonella are hemoparasites exploiting a range of mammals as reservoir hosts. several species are zoonotic pathogens. fleas, lice, and other arthropods, such as ticks, have been implicated as vectors. while the competence of ticks as vectors of bartonella species has recently been demonstrated, the epidemiological significance of ticks as vectors of bartonella species in wildlife populations remains unknown. we used the presence of deer at study sites to control the presence of ixodes ricinus t ...201222217173
woodland recovery after suppression of deer: cascade effects for small mammals, wood mice (apodemus sylvaticus) and bank voles (myodes glareolus).over the past century, increases in both density and distribution of deer species in the northern hemisphere have resulted in major changes in ground flora and undergrowth vegetation of woodland habitats, and consequentially the animal communities that inhabit them. in this study, we tested whether recovery in the vegetative habitat of a woodland due to effective deer management (from a peak of 0.4-1.5 to <0.17 deer per ha) had translated to the small mammal community as an example of a higher o ...201222347472
strain-independent global effect of hippocampal proteins in mice trained in the morris water maze.a series of individual proteins have been linked to performance in the morris water maze (mwm) but no global effects have been reported. it was therefore the aim of the study to show which proteins were strain-independent, global factors for training in the mwm. strains c57bl/6j, apodemus sylvaticus and pwd/phj were used. mwm and gels from trained animals were from a previous own study and corresponding yoked groups were generated. hippocampal proteins were extracted and run on two-dimensional g ...201222402595
is there sex-biased resistance and tolerance in mediterranean wood mouse (apodemus sylvaticus) populations facing multiple helminth infections?sex-biased parasitism is rarely investigated in relation to host tolerance and resistance, which are two defense strategies hosts can adopt when challenged by parasites. health or fitness deteriorations in less tolerant individuals with increasing parasite burden would be faster than those in more tolerant ones. hence, the body condition and reproductive potential of an infected individual host can be considered proxies for tolerance to parasitism. we studied mediterranean populations of the woo ...201222430373
rodenticide exposure in wood mouse and house mouse populations on farms and potential secondary risk to predators.we compared capture rates and exposure to sgars of wood mice (apodemus sylvaticus) and house mice (mus domesticus) in autumn/winter on farms that currently used, had previously used, and never used sgars. 6-10 weeks after baiting programmes began, 15 % of 55 wood mice and 33 % of 12 house mice had detectable liver sgar residues. wood mice with residues occurred on farms not using rodenticides, reflecting the high mobility of these animals, and four had multiple liver residues, possibly due to cr ...201222447471
molecular detection of murine noroviruses in laboratory and wild mice.fecal specimens collected from 121 laboratory mice, 30 striped field mice (apodemus agrarius), 70 yellow-necked mice (apodemus flavicollis), and 3 bank voles (myodes glareolus) were tested in sample pools for the presence of murine noroviruses (mnv). ten of 41 laboratory mice and 2 of 3 striped field mice pooled samples were positive for mnv. all laboratory mouse mnvs were closely related to previously described mnvs. the complete orf2 (vp1) of both striped field mouse mnvs identified in this st ...201222748629
isolation and molecular characterization of a second serotype of the encephalomyocarditis virus.encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) and theilovirus are the two species of the cardiovirus genus. whereas theiloviruses comprise several sero-/genotypes, all known emcv isolates are serologically very similar and are thought to belong to one serotype, named emcv-1. here, a novel emcv type is described. strain rd 1338 (d28/05) was isolated from a wood mouse (apodemus sylvaticus) in germany and can be distinguished from emcv-1 by serological and molecular means. failure of emcv-1 specific hyperimmun ...201222824255
epidemiology and fitness effects of wood mouse herpesvirus in a natural host population.rodent gammaherpesviruses have become important models for understanding human herpesvirus diseases. in particular, interactions between murid herpesvirus 4 and mus musculus (a non-natural host species) have been extensively studied under controlled laboratory conditions. however, several fundamental aspects of murine gammaherpesvirus biology are not well understood, including how these viruses are transmitted from host to host, and their impacts on host fitness under natural conditions. here, w ...201222915692
distribution and ecology of small mammals in albania.in order to gain an insight into the population dynamics and habitat preferences of rodents in albania, small mammals were collected during 2006-2009 in various districts of the country. of the 15 species of small mammals captured (12 in rodentia and 3 in insectivora order), the yellow-necked mouse (apodemus flavicollis) was the most frequently collected, representing 50% of the 325 small mammals captured, followed by the wood mouse (apodemus sylvaticus) (20.62%). apodemus flavicollis is the pri ...201322963015
isolation of three novel rat and mouse papillomaviruses and their genomic characterization.despite a growing knowledge about the biological diversity of papillomaviruses (pv), only little is known about non-human pv in general and about pv mice models in particular. we cloned and sequenced the complete genomes of two novel pv types from the norway rat (rattus norvegicus; rnpv2) and the wood mouse (apodemus sylvaticus; aspv1) as well as a novel variant of the recently described mmupv1 (originally designated as muspv) from a house mouse (mus musculus; mmupv1 variant). in addition, we co ...201223077564
metal bioaccumulation, genotoxicity and gene expression in the european wood mouse (apodemus sylvaticus) inhabiting an abandoned uranium mining area.genotoxic effects caused by the exposure to wastes containing metals and radionuclides were investigated in the european wood mice (apodemus sylvaticus). the animals were captured in the surroundings of an abandoned uranium mining site. dna damage was assessed by comet assay; gene expression and single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) were assessed, respectively, by real-time pcr and melt curve analysis. the bioaccumulation of metals in the liver, kidney and bones was also determined to help clar ...201323220759
high muscle mitochondrial volume and aerobic capacity in a small marsupial (sminthopsis crassicaudata) reveals flexible links between energy-use levels in mammals.we investigated the muscle structure-function relationships that underlie the aerobic capacity of an insectivorous, small (~15 g) marsupial, sminthopsis crassicaudata (family: dasyuridae), to obtain further insight into energy use patterns in marsupials relative to those in placentals, their sister clade within the theria (advanced mammals). disparate hopping marsupials (suborder macropodiformes), a kangaroo (macropus rufus) and a rat-kangaroo (bettongia penicillata), show aerobic capabilities a ...201323239895
lysozyme activity in the plasma of rodents infected with their homologous trypanosomes.in this study the concentration of lysozyme in blood plasma of microtus agrestis, clethrinomys glareolus, apodemus sylvaticus, bk rats and outbred white mice before and after infection with culture forms of trypanosoma microti, t, evotomys, t. grosi, t. lewisi and t. musculi respectively was measured.201223323096
macroparasites at peripheral sites of infection are major and dynamic modifiers of systemic antimicrobial pattern recognition responses.immune defences and the maintenance of immunological homeostasis in the face of pathogenic and commensal microbial exposures are channelled by innate antimicrobial pattern recognition receptors (prrs) such as toll-like receptors (tlrs). whilst prr-mediated response programmes are the result of long-term host-pathogen or host-commensal co-evolutionary dynamics involving microbes, an additional possibility is that macroparasitic co-infections may be a significant modifier of such interactions. we ...201323379442
introduced siberian chipmunks (tamias sibiricus barberi) contribute more to lyme borreliosis risk than native reservoir rodents.the variation of the composition in species of host communities can modify the risk of disease transmission. in particular, the introduction of a new host species can increase health threats by adding a new reservoir and/or by amplifying the circulation of either exotic or native pathogens. lyme borreliosis is a multi-host vector-borne disease caused by bacteria belonging to the borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex. it is transmitted by the bite of hard ticks, especially ixodes ricinus in eur ...201323383170
a molecular and ecological analysis of the trematode plagiorchis elegans in the wood mouse apodemus sylvaticus from a periaquatic ecosystem in the uk.the prevalence of the digenean plagiorchis sp. was investigated in a natural wood mouse population (apodemus sylvaticus) in a periaquatic environment. classical identification was complemented with the use of molecular differentiation to determine prevalence and verify species identity. use of the complete its1-5.8s rdna-its2 and partial 28s rdna gene sequences have confirmed that the species reported at this location was plagiorchis elegans and not plagiorchis muris as reported previously. this ...201423597061
habitat-specific shaping of proliferation and neuronal differentiation in adult hippocampal neurogenesis of wild rodents.daily life of wild mammals is characterized by a multitude of attractive and aversive stimuli. the hippocampus processes complex polymodal information associated with such stimuli and mediates adequate behavioral responses. how newly generated hippocampal neurons in wild animals contribute to hippocampal function is still a subject of debate. here, we test the relationship between adult hippocampal neurogenesis (ahn) and habitat types. to this end, we compare wild muridae species of southern afr ...201323616743
ljungan virus is endemic in rodents in the uk.ljungan virus is a recently identified member of the family picornaviridae that was isolated from bank voles in sweden. ljv has been associated with [corrected] type 1 diabetes-like symptoms and myocarditis in bank voles (myodes glareolus), and it has been suggested that it has zoonotic potential. here, we show for the first time that ljungan virus is prevalent (20-27 % positive by pcr) in four species of uk rodent (myodes glareolus [bank vole], apodemus sylvaticus [wood mouse], microtus agresti ...201423665770
can body condition and somatic indices be used to evaluate metal-induced stress in wild small mammals?wildlife is exposed to natural (e.g., food availability and quality, parasitism) and anthropogenic stressors (e.g., habitat fragmentation, toxicants). individual variables (e.g., age, gender) affect behaviour and physiology of animals. together, these parameters can create both great inter-individual variations in health indicators and interpretation difficulties. we investigated the relevance of body condition and somatic indices (liver, kidneys) as indicators of health status in wood mice (apo ...201323824591
rodent species as natural reservoirs of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in different habitats of ixodes ricinus in the netherlands.rodents are natural reservoirs for human pathogenic spirochaetes of the borrelia burgdorferi complex [b. burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.)], and the pathogens are transmitted by ixodes ricinus ticks to humans in the netherlands. b. burgdorferi s.l. infection prevalence in questing ticks, rodents, and ticks feeding on these rodents, all sampled within the same short time span of five days in three different areas in the netherlands, were compared in order to establish the relationship between ticks, ...201323891104
deciphering bartonella diversity, recombination, and host specificity in a rodent community.host-specificity is an intrinsic feature of many bacterial pathogens, resulting from a long history of co-adaptation between bacteria and their hosts. alpha-proteobacteria belonging to the genus bartonella infect the erythrocytes of a wide range of mammal orders, including rodents. in this study, we performed genetic analysis of bartonella colonizing a rodent community dominated by bank voles (myodes glareolus) and wood mice (apodemus sylvaticus) in a french suburban forest to evaluate their div ...201323894381
the relationships between brain, serum, and whole blood che activity in the wood mouse (apodemus sylvaticus) and the common shrew (sorex araneus) after acute sublethal exposure to dimethoate.abstract inhibition of cholinesterase (che) activity produced by a single acute intraperitoneal administration of dimethoate was studied in the wood mouse, apodemus sylvaticus, and the common shrew, sorex araneus, under laboratory conditions. che values from serum and whole blood were compared with those obtained from brain in order to obtain a non-destructive tool for predicting the severity of brain acetylcholinesterase (ache) inhibition. in addition, serum and brain inhibition following oral ...199623902326
from physiology to space use: energy reserves and androgenization explain home-range size variation in a woodland rodent.this study tested the relationships between both individual-level and predation-risk factors and the size of two home-range regions (hrr), defined as areas of different intensities of use. we have expanded on previous home-range studies by testing the effects of two previously ignored individual-level factors: androgenization and energy reserves (body fat). location data were collected for wild individuals of apodemus sylvaticus using the novel method of implanted pit tags and mobile recording s ...201423931095
acorn selection by the wood mouse apodemus sylvaticus: a semi-controlled experiment in a mediterranean environment.fruits are highly important food resources for mammals in mediterranean europe, and due to the dominance of oaks (quercus sp.), acorns are among those used by a vast array of species, including rodents. the metabolic yield of acorn intake may determine a selection pattern: preference for fat, carbohydrate, and consequently energy-rich fruits; or avoidance of fruits containing high concentrations of secondary chemical compounds (e.g., tannic acid). we studied the acorn feeding selection pattern o ...201324004078
responses of wild small mammals to arsenic pollution at a partially remediated mining site in southern france.partial remediation actions at a former gold mine in southern france led to a mosaic of contaminated and rehabilitated zones. in this study, the distribution of arsenic and its potential adverse effects on small mammals were investigated. the effectiveness of remediation for reducing the transfer of this element into wildlife was also discussed. arsenic levels were measured in the soil and in the stomach contents, livers, kidneys, and lungs of four small mammal species (the wood mouse (apodemus ...201424239822
an overview of the host spectrum and distribution of calodium hepaticum (syn. capillaria hepatica): part 1-muroidea.calodium hepaticum (syn. capillaria hepatica) is a worldwide-distributed species of zoonotic nematodes with a high affinity to the liver. several rodent species of the superfamily muroidea serve as main hosts for this pathogen. c. hepaticum has been found in muroidean hosts in more than 60 countries in europe; north, central, and south america; asia; africa; and oceania. c. hepaticum was documented in more than 90 muroidean rodent species (murinae, deomyinae, arvicolinae, neotominae, cricetinae, ...201424248632
woodmice (apodemus sylvaticus) can distinguish conspecific from heterospecific odors in the field.in order to eliminate a common source of bias from trap-choice experiments in the field, trapping data from a study on the olfactory biology of the woodmouse were screened, and only those in which a direct choice existed were analyzed further. woodmice choose conspecific odor to no odor but make no distinction between heterospecific odor and no odor. when choosing between conspecific and heterospecific odors, a significant majority choose conspecific.198424318784
a small scale survey of leptospira in mammals from eastern poland.samples of 30 dead small mammals each were collected on area 'a' located in eastern poland and exposed to floods by the vistula river, and on area 'b', also located in eastern poland, but not exposed to floods. kidneys and livers of the mammals were examined by the pcr and nested pcr methods for the presence of leptospira dna. from 7 species of small mammals examined, the presence of leptospira dna was detected in 2 of them. the prevalence of positive results was greatest in apodemus agrarius wh ...201324364438
characterisation of perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos) in a terrestrial ecosystem near a fluorochemical plant in flanders, belgium.bioaccumulation of perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos) in a restricted terrestrial food chain was investigated with the omnivorous wood mouse (apodemus sylvaticus) on top of the studied food chain. the levels detected are very high compared with literature as a result of the presence of fluorochemical plant in the immediate vicinity of the study area. soil, surface water, fruits of european elder and common blackberry, invertebrates, bank vole and wood mouse were collected at two sites, e.g. blokke ...201424385186
the differential hippocampal phosphoproteome of apodemus sylvaticus paralleling spatial memory retrieval in the barnes maze.protein phosphorylation is a well-known and well-documented mechanism in memory processes. although a large series of protein kinases involved in memory processes have been reported, information on phosphoproteins is limited. it was therefore the aim of the study to determine a partial and differential phosphoproteome along with the corresponding network in hippocampus of a wild caught mouse strain with excellent performance in several paradigms of spatial memory. apodemus sylvaticus mice were t ...201424509310
histopathology related to cadmium and lead bioaccumulation in chronically exposed wood mice, apodemus sylvaticus, around a former smelter.the ceasing of industrial activities often reduces the emission of pollutants but also often leaves disturbed areas without remediation and with persistent pollutants that can still be transferred along the food chain. this study examines the potential relationships between non-essential trace metals and histopathology in target tissues of wood mice (apodemus sylvaticus) collected along a gradient of contamination around the former smelter, metaleurop nord (northern france). cadmium and lead con ...201424594745
an experimental study of vertebrate scavenging behavior in a northwest european woodland context.vertebrate scavengers can modify surface deposited human remains which can hinder forensic investigations. the effects of such scavenging vary between species and regions. published research into the effects of the scavenging of human remains is dominated by work from north america with few studies covering northwestern europe. forensic scientists, investigators, and police search officers in northwestern europe are often left questioning on a basic level as to which scavengers are active and ho ...201424611615
are motorways potential stressors of roadside wood mice (apodemus sylvaticus) populations?linear infrastructures represent one of the most important human impacts on natural habitats and exert several effects on mammal populations. motorways are recognized as a major cause of habitat fragmentation and degradation and of biodiversity loss. however, it is unknown whether motorways lead to increased physiological stress reactions in wild animal populations. we analysed faecal corticosterone metabolites (fcm) in wild populations of wood mice (apodemus sylvaticus) living in a well-preserv ...201424637740
detection of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) carrying the mecc gene in wild small mammals in spain.to determine the rate of staphylococcus aureus faecal carriage in 101 wild small mammals in spain and to characterize the isolates obtained.201424710026
identification of novel anelloviruses with broad diversity in uk rodents.anelloviruses are a family of small circular ssdna viruses with a vast genetic diversity. human infections with the prototype anellovirus, torque teno virus (ttv), are ubiquitous and related viruses have been described in a number of other mammalian hosts. despite over 15 years of investigation, there is still little known about the pathogenesis and possible disease associations of anellovirus infections, arising in part due to the lack of a robust cell culture system for viral replication or tr ...201424744300
variation in the long-tailed field-mouse (apodemus sylvaticus (l>)) in the channel islands. 196724796037
factors associated with the prevalence and pathology of calodium hepaticum and c. splenaecum in periurban micromammals.calodium hepaticum (syn. capillaria hepatica) and calodium splenaecum (syn. capillaria splenaecum) are nematodes that infect the liver and spleen, respectively, of mammals. while the host range, distribution, pathology and zoonotic potential of c. hepaticum are well known, very little is known about c. splenaecum. the observed prevalence of these two parasites, the factors associated with prevalence, and the lesions resulting in the different host species were studied in 408 micromammals capture ...201424879015
a simplified method for peptide de novo sequencing using (18)o labeling.incorporation of an (18)o atom into a peptide c-terminus by proteolytic cleavage in the presence of h2(18)o is one of the most effective ways of enhancing tandem mass spectrometry (ms/ms)-based de novo sequencing. incorporation is usually accomplished by procedures including vacuum-assisted drying of tryptic peptides extracted from gels, their subsequent reconstitution in a h2(16)o/h2(18)o mixture and re-treatment with trypsin. in the present work, we propose a simplified procedure for (18)o inc ...201424892296
an analysis of movements of the wood mouse apodemus sylvaticus in its home range.the aim of this study was to quantify the movements of the wood mouse apodemus sylvaticus in its home range. the movements were recorded using a new tracking method: it consisted of tracking a visually tagged wood mouse by a telescope from an observation tower and automatically recording the successive positions of this telescope (corresponding to the successive positions of the wood mouse in the field). statistical analysis of 51 recorded movements, involving 10 wood mice, was carried out. the ...199124897183
developpement de la locomotion chez le mulot sylvestre (apodemus sylvaticus l.).this longitudinal study describes the functional development of locomotion in the woodmouse, apodemus sylvaticus . it shows that postnatal day (pnd) 11 is a critical age in the acquisition of independence. locomotion develops in successive stages before reaching the adult pattern (walking) at pnd 11. intermediate patterns are determined by the degree of coordination between the different parts of the body. some of these patterns overlap and do not necessarily appear in every individual in our ex ...198724897260
[not available].adult male and female woodmice (apodemus sylvaticus l.) were isolated for 4-6 days in actographs. time spent in the nest box, eating, drinking, locomotor activity in the enclosure ,and wheel-running were automatically recorded. the individual breeding cages were also equipped with a wheel. the immediate reaction following the introduction in an actograph, at about 11.00 a.m., lasted for 30-120 min; locomotor activity and wheel-running was higher in the male than in the female group. during the f ...197924897362
naturally occurring toll-like receptor 11 (tlr11) and toll-like receptor 12 (tlr12) polymorphisms are not associated with toxoplasma gondii infection in wild wood mice.toxoplasma gondii is a highly successful parasite with a worldwide prevalence. small rodents are the main intermediate hosts, and there is growing evidence that t. gondii modifies their behaviour. chronically infected rodents show impaired learning capacity, enhanced activity, and, most importantly, a reduction of the innate fear towards cat odour. this modification of host behaviour ensures a successful transmission of t. gondii from rodents to felids, the definitive hosts of the parasite. give ...201424910107
multiple infections of rodents with zoonotic pathogens in austria.rodents are important reservoirs for a large number of zoonotic pathogens. we examined the occurrence of 11 viral, bacterial, and parasitic agents in rodent populations in austria, including three different hantaviruses, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, orthopox virus, leptospira spp., borrelia spp., rickettsia spp., bartonella spp., coxiella burnetii, and toxoplasma gondii. in 2008, 110 rodents of four species (40 clethrionomys glareolus, 29 apodemus flavicollis, 26 apodemus sylvaticus, and ...201424915446
the influence of sex, sexual condition and age on the exploratory behaviour of wild wood mice (apodemus sylvaticus l.).from april 1978 to april 1980 the exploratory behaviour of more than 1000 wild wood mice was studied in a modified open field test situation. the influence of sex, sexual condition and age on the exploratory activity was investigated. sufficient data being available, the exploratory activity of both sexually active and sexually inactive adult males and adult females, of both sexually active and sexually inactive subadult males and subadult females and of both sexually inactive juvenile males and ...198424924088
possible use of environmental gradients in orientation by homing wood mice, apodemus sylvaticus.51 wood mice, apodemus sylvaticus, tagged with chemoluminescent bulbs, were visually tracked in a series of night homing experiments. the mice did not go straight towards home, but wandered around the release area and covered distances equal to twice the radial lengths recorded. in the course of their walk, they orientated preferentially towards landscapes which resembled their usual habitat, irrespective of where their actual homeward direction lay. in spite of the randomness of their paths, ho ...198724925488
the helminth community of the wood mouse apodemus sylvaticus from the erro river valley, navarre, spain.the helminth fauna of the wood mouse, apodemus sylvaticus, in the erro river valley (navarre, spain) was investigated from a total of 150 mice between february 2001 and july 2002. an overall prevalence of 90.7% was recorded and up to 14 helminth species identified. the most prevalent species was the nematode heligmosomoides polygyrus (78.0%), whereas syphacia stroma was the species with the highest median abundance (19.8). the detection of calodium hepaticum, rodentolepis straminea and the larva ...201525007313
hair as a noninvasive tool for risk assessment: do the concentrations of cadmium and lead in the hair of wood mice (apodemus sylvaticus) reflect internal concentrations?there is an increasing need for developing noninvasive markers of accumulation when studying the transfer of pollutants in wildlife, in response to problems caused by sacrifice of animals (disturbed population dynamics, respect of ethical protocols). thus, the aim of this work was to determine whether trace metal (tm) concentrations in hair could be used as an accurate noninvasive estimator of internal and environmental concentrations. for that purpose, on a 40km² site surrounding an ancient sme ...201425090089
field immobilization of wood mice (apodemus sylvaticus) with medetomidine and ketamine and antagonism with atipamezole.two anesthesia protocols using ketamine plus medetomidine and reversed with atipamezole were assessed for anesthesia of 148 wood mice (apodemus sylvaticus) sampled under field conditions in northeastern spain. in both protocols, induction was rapid (mean 76 sec), but recovery was slow (100 min), and mortality was relatively high (9%).201425098298
hepatic parasitosis in two wood mice, apodemus sylvaticus (rodentia: muridae), due to aonchotheca annulosa (nematoda: trichuridae), and eucoleus bacillatus (nematoda: trichuridae). erratic parasitism or post mortem migration?aonchotheca annulosa and eucoleus bacillatus are two capillariin nematodes parasitizing the intestinal and stomach mucosa, respectively, of various rodent species, and two, among others, component species of the helminth fauna of the wood mouse, apodemus sylvaticus. a capillariin each was found in the liver parenchyma of two wood mice in a post-fire regeneration enclave in serra calderona natural park (valencian community, spain). due to their location, the preliminary identification of the helm ...201425236269
the importance of lizards and small mammals as reservoirs for borrelia lusitaniae in portugal.borrelia lusitaniae is a pathogen frequent in the mediterranean area. apart from lizards, evidence for birds and small mammals as competent reservoirs for this genospecies has been occasional. we collected questing ticks, skin biopsies and ixodes sp. ticks feeding on lizards, birds and small mammals in a b. burgdorferi s.l. (sensu lato) enzootic area to assess their importance in the maintenance of b. lusitaniae. borrelia lusitaniae was the most prevalent genospecies in questing ticks and was co ...201525291988
collyricloides massanae (digenea, collyriclidae): spermatozoon ultrastructure and phylogenetic importance.the spermatological characteristics of collyricloides massanae (digenea: collyriclidae), a parasite of apodemus sylvaticus caught in france, were studied by means of transmission electron microscopy. the mature sperm of c. massanae presents two axonemes of different lengths with the 9 + "1" pattern of the trepaxonemata, two bundles of parallel cortical microtubules, external ornamentation of the plasma membrane, spine-like bodies, one mitochondrion, a nucleus and granules of glycogen. an analysi ...201425394323
prevalence of toxoplasma gondii in localized populations of apodemus sylvaticus is linked to population genotype not to population location.toxoplasma gondii is a globally distributed parasite infecting humans and warm-blooded animals. although many surveys have been conducted for t. gondii infection in mammals, little is known about the detailed distribution in localized natural populations. in this study, host genotype and spatial location were investigated in relation to t. gondii infection. wood mice (apodemus sylvaticus) were collected from 4 sampling sites within a localized peri-aquatic woodland ecosystem. mice were genotyped ...201525434571
gammaherpesvirus infection modulates the temporal and spatial expression of scgb1a1 (ccsp) and bpifa1 (splunc1) in the respiratory tract.murine γ-herpesvirus 68 (mhv-68) infection of mus musculus-derived strains of mice is an established model of γ-herpesvirus infection. we have previously developed an alternative system using a natural host, the wood mouse (apodemus sylvaticus), and shown that the mhv-68 m3 chemokine-binding protein contributes significantly to mhv-68 pathogenesis. here we demonstrate in a. sylvaticus using high-density micro-arrays that m3 influences the expression of genes involved in the host response includi ...201525531566
blood parameters as biomarkers of cadmium and lead exposure and effects in wild wood mice (apodemus sylvaticus) living along a pollution gradient.small mammal populations living on contaminated sites are exposed to various chemicals. lead (pb) and cadmium (cd), two well-known nonessential trace metals, accumulate in different organs and are known to cause multiple adverse effects. to develop nonlethal markers in ecotoxicology, the present work aimed to study the relationships between blood parameters (hematocrit, leukocyte levels and granulated erythrocyte levels) and cd and pb concentrations in the soil and in the liver and kidneys of wo ...201525559174
helminth infections of house mouse (mus musulus) and wood mouse (apodemus sylvaticus) from the suburban areas of hamadan city, western iran.to determine the prevalence and intensity of helminths and their zoonotic importance in small rodents inhabiting in the suburban areas of hamadan city, iran.201725759732
an epidemiological comparative study on diagnosis of rodent leptospirosis in mazandaran province, northern iran.leptospirosis is a zoonosis caused by leptospires, in which transmission occurs through contact with contaminated biological fluids from infected animals. rodents can act as a source of infection for humans and animals. the disease has a global distribution, mainly in humid, tropical and sub-tropical regions. the aim of this study was to compare culture assays, the microscopic agglutination test (mat), polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and nested pcr (n-pcr), for the diagnosis of leptospirosis in ...201525773440
leishmania infantum in wild rodents: reservoirs or just irrelevant incidental hosts?wild rodents constitute a very large biomass of potential reservoirs for leishmania spp. therefore, an epidemiological study was carried out in a well-known focus of canine leishmaniasis from southern spain, with the objective of detecting and characterizing leishmania infantum infection in wild rodents. blood, liver, spleen, bone marrow, and skin from 37 rodents (24 apodemus sylvaticus, 9 rattus rattus, and 4 mus musculus) were analyzed by optical microscopy, culture, and two different polymera ...201525797596
what do pneumocystis organisms tell us about the phylogeography of their hosts? the case of the woodmouse apodemus sylvaticus in continental europe and western mediterranean islands.pneumocystis fungi represent a highly diversified biological group with numerous species, which display a strong host-specificity suggesting a long co-speciation process. in the present study, the presence and genetic diversity of pneumocystis organisms was investigated in 203 lung samples from woodmice (apodemus sylvaticus) collected on western continental europe and mediterranean islands. the presence of pneumocystis dna was assessed by nested pcr at both large and small mitochondrial subunit ...201525830289
enzootic plague foci, algeria.in algeria, pcr sequencing of pla, glpd and rpob genes found yersinia pestis in 18/237 (8%) rodents of five species, including apodemus sylvaticus, previously undescribed as pestiferous; and disclosed three new plague foci. multiple spacer typing confirmed a new orientalis variant. rodent survey should be reinforced in this country hosting reemerging plague.201525834736
an example of population-level risk assessments for small mammals using individual-based population models.this article presents a case study demonstrating the application of 3 individual-based, spatially explicit population models (ibms, also known as agent-based models) in ecological risk assessments to predict long-term effects of a pesticide to populations of small mammals. the 3 ibms each used a hypothetical fungicide (fungicidex) in different scenarios: spraying in cereals (common vole, microtus arvalis), spraying in orchards (field vole, microtus agrestis), and cereal seed treatment (wood mous ...201625891765
molecular examinations of babesia microti in rodents and rodent-attached ticks from urban and sylvatic habitats in germany.small mammals serve as reservoir hosts for tick-borne pathogens, especially for those which are not transmitted transovarially in ticks - such as babesia microti. molecular investigations on the prevalence of b. microti in wild small mammals and on attached ticks from differently structured areas may provide information on the circulation of b. microti in different ecological niches. in 2012 and 2013, 622 rodents (396 myodes glareolus, 178 apodemus flavicollis, 36 apodemus sylvaticus, 4 apodemus ...201525922232
magnetoreception in the wood mouse (apodemus sylvaticus): influence of weak frequency-modulated radio frequency fields.the mammalian magnetic sense is predominantly studied in species with reduced vision such as mole-rats and bats. far less is known about surface-dwelling (epigeic) rodents with well-developed eyes. here, we tested the wood mouse apodemus sylvaticus for magnetoreception using a simple behavioural assay in which mice are allowed to build nests overnight in a visually symmetrical, circular arena. the tests were performed in the ambient magnetic field or in a field rotated by 90°. when plotted with ...201525923312
a new species of the genus demodex owen, 1843 (acari: demodecidae) from the ear canals of the house mouse mus musculus l. (rodentia: muridae).a new species demodex conicus n. sp. is described based on adult and juvenile stages from the ear canals of the house mouse mus musculus l. in poland. the new species is most similar to d. auricularis izdebska, rolbiecki & fryderyk, 2014 from the ear canals of the wood mouse apodemus sylvaticus (l.), but differs in the following features: the gnathosoma is triangular, the supracoxal spines (setae elc.p) are conical, the spines on the terminal segment of palp are four, the striation on opisthosom ...201525962464
marked seasonal variation in the wild mouse gut microbiota.recent studies have provided an unprecedented view of the microbial communities colonizing captive mice; yet the host and environmental factors that shape the rodent gut microbiota in their natural habitat remain largely unexplored. here, we present results from a 2-year 16 s ribosomal rna gene sequencing-based survey of wild wood mice (apodemus sylvaticus) in two nearby woodlands. similar to other mammals, wild mice were colonized by 10 bacterial phyla and dominated by the firmicutes, bacteroid ...201526023870
behavioural and physiological responses of wood mice (apodemus sylvaticus) to experimental manipulations of predation and starvation risk.body weight and the levels of stored body fat have fitness consequences. greater levels of fat may provide protection against catastrophic failures in the food supply, but they may also increase the risk of predation. animals may therefore regulate their fatness according to their perceived risks of predation and starvation: the starvation-predation trade-off model. we tested the predictions of this model in wood mice (apodemus sylvaticus) by experimentally manipulating predation risk and starva ...201526143188
survey of wild and domestic mammals for infection with leishmania infantum following an outbreak of desert zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in jiashi, people's republic of china.in 2008 and 2009, an outbreak of desert-subtype zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis occurred in jiashi county, xinjiang, china. so far, no animal reservoir has been identified for this type of visceral leishmaniasis. therefore, we surveyed the most common mammals (wild and domestic) for leishmania infections during the outbreak in 2008 and 2009 in order to identify the source of the visceral leishmaniasis in this region. spleen, liver, bone marrow and blood samples collected from 86 wood mice (apode ...201526177101
rodentolepis straminea (cestoda: hymenolepididae) in an urban population of apodemus sylvaticus in the uk.the presence of the cyclophyllidean cestode rodentolepis straminea (cestoda: hymenolepididae), was confirmed by molecular dna analysis from a wood mouse (apodemus sylvaticus) population inhabiting urban woodland in salford, greater manchester (uk) with a prevalence of 27.8%. it would appear that the only previously published record of this species in a. sylvaticus in the british isles is that from south-west ireland, where 24% of the wood mice examined were infected with r. straminea. this speci ...201626278677
molecular study of stenoponia tripectinata tripectinata (siphonaptera: ctenophthalmidae: stenoponiinae) from the canary islands: taxonomy and phylogeny.in the present work, we carried out a comparative molecular study of stenoponia tripectinata tripectinata isolated from mus musculus from the canary islands, spain. the internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 (its1, its2) and 18s ribosomal rna partial gene and cytochrome c-oxidase 1 (cox1) mitochondrial dna partial gene sequences of this subspecies were determined to clarify the taxonomic status of this subspecies and to assess inter-population variation and inter-specific sequence differences. in ...201526282009
further investigation of risk elements content in the bones of wild rodents from a polluted area in slovakia.wild rodents are suitable for monitoring environmental pollution and exposure risk assessment for people living in contaminated areas. the content of selected risk elements in the femora of bank vole (myodes glareolus), yellow-necked mouse (apodemus flavicollis) and wood mouse (apodemus sylvaticus) was estimated from the kolíňany area of slovakia, which is characterized by a high degree of environmental pollution. the rodents were trapped in february 2011 using standard theriological methods. al ...201526303124
francisella species in ticks and animals, iberian peninsula.the presence of francisella species in 2134 ticks, 93 lagomorphs and 280 small mammals from the iberian peninsula was studied. overall, 19 ticks and 6 lagomorphs were positive for francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica, suggesting, as described for other regions, that lagomorphs may have an important role in the maintenance of f. tularensis in nature. of the 6 positive lagomorphs, 4 were identified as the european rabbit, oryctogalus cuniculus. additionally, 353 ticks and 3 small mammals were ...201626520052
the generalist tick ixodes ricinus and the specialist tick ixodes trianguliceps on shrews and rodents in a northern forest ecosystem--a role of body size even among small hosts.understanding aggregation of ticks on hosts and attachment of life stages to different host species, are central components for understanding tick-borne disease epidemiology. the generalist tick, ixodes ricinus, is a well-known vector of lyme borrelioses, while the specialist tick, ixodes trianguliceps, feeding only on small mammals, may play a role in maintaining infection levels in hosts. in a northern forest in norway, we aimed to quantify the role of different small mammal species in feeding ...201526671686
analysis on population level reveals trappability of wild rodents is determined by previous trap occupant.live trapping is central to the study of small mammals. thus, any bias needs to be understood and accounted for in subsequent analyses to ensure accurate population estimates. one rarely considered bias is the behavioural response of individuals to the trap, in particular the olfactory cues left behind by previous occupants (po). we used a data set of 8,115 trap nights spanning 17 separate trapping sessions between august 2002 and november 2013 in wytham woods, oxfordshire, uk to examine if the ...201526689683
molecular survey of zoonotic agents in rodents and other small mammals in croatia.croatia is a focus for many rodent-borne zoonosis. here, we report a survey of 242 rodents and small mammals, including 43 myodes glareolus, 131 apodemus flavicollis, 53 apodemus agrarius, three apodemus sylvaticus, six sorex araneus, four microtus arvalis, one microtus agrestis, and one muscardinus avellanarius, collected at eight sites in croatia over an 8-year period. multiplex masstag polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used for detection of borrelia, rickettsia, bartonella, babesia, ehrlich ...201626711522
effect of landscape features on the relationship between ixodes ricinus ticks and their small mammal hosts.the consequences of land use changes are among the most cited causes of emerging infectious diseases because they can modify the ecology and transmission of pathogens. this is particularly true for vector-borne diseases which depend on abiotic (e.g. climate) and biotic conditions (i.e. hosts and vectors). in this study, we investigated how landscape features affect the abundances of small mammals and ixodes ricinus ticks, and how they influence their relationship.201626767788
take only photographs, leave only footprints: novel applications of non-invasive survey methods for rapid detection of small, arboreal animals.the development of appropriate wildlife survey techniques is essential to promote effective and efficient monitoring of species of conservation concern. here, we demonstrate the utility of two rapid-assessment, non-invasive methods to detect the presence of elusive, small, arboreal animals. we use the hazel dormouse, muscardinus avellanarius, a rodent of conservation concern, as our focal species. prevailing hazel dormouse survey methods are prolonged (often taking months to years to detect dorm ...201626789632
differences in the ectoparasite fauna between micromammals captured in natural and adjacent residential areas are better explained by sex and season than by type of habitat.we compared the ectoparasite fauna in 608 micromammals (chiefly 472 wood mice apodemus sylvaticus, 63 algerian mice mus spretus, and 51 greater white-toothed shrews crocidura russula) captured in natural and adjacent residential areas in spring and autumn during three consecutive years in four areas in periurban barcelona (ne spain). we found little support for an association of urbanization with differences in infestation by ectoparasites. prevalence of rhipicephalus sp. tick in wood mice and s ...201626946133
is the hook of muroid rodent's sperm related to sperm train formation?competition between spermatozoa of rival males to gain fertilizations has led to a wide array of modifications in sperm structure and function. sperm cells of most muroid rodents have hook-shaped extensions in the apical-ventral tip of the head, but the function of this structure is largely unknown. these 'hooks' may facilitate aggregation of spermatozoa in so-called 'trains', as an adaptation to sperm competition, because sperm in trains may swim faster than free-swimming cells. however, there ...201626969911
disentangle the causes of the road barrier effect in small mammals through genetic patterns.road barrier effect is among the foremost negative impacts of roads on wildlife. knowledge of the factors responsible for the road barrier effect is crucial to understand and predict species' responses to roads, and to improve mitigation measures in the context of management and conservation. we built a set of hypothesis aiming to infer the most probable cause of road barrier effect (traffic effect or road surface avoidance), while controlling for the potentially confounding effects road width, ...201626978779
seventy-five years of masting and rodent population peaks in norway: why do wood mice not follow the rules?wood mouse (apodemus sylvaticus) populations are expected to show a peak in autumn in the year after a mast year of sessile oak (quercus petraea), because stored acorns increase winter survival. in aust-agder, south norway, only 16 of 34 mast years from 1939-2014 were followed by a year with a peak in the wood mouse population. for many of the remaining instances, there rather was a minor peak 2 or 3 years after the mast. in multiple logistic regression models, the probability of a wood mouse po ...201627059411
rodent food quality and its relation to crops and other environmental and population parameters in an agricultural landscape.the diet, its quality and quantity considerably influence population parameters of rodents. in this study, we used nirs methods for estimation of nitrogen content in stomachs of rodent populations. the study was carried out in diverse arable landscape in south moravia, czech republic. rodents were sampled in cultural crops (alfalfa, barley, wheat, sunflower, maize and rape) as well as in fallow habitats (herbal set-aside and old orchard). influence of habitat, date, year, individual parameters ( ...201627099997
[optimization of elisa and immunoblot methods for the detection of igg antibodies against old world hantaviruses in wild rodents].hantaviruses infect humans via inhalation of viral particles in infected rodents' secretions such as saliva, urine and faeces or via direct contact with infected rodents. the rodent species that are known as the carriers of dobrava (dobv), puumala (puuv), saaremaa (saav), tula (tulv) and seoul (seov) viruses are found in our country. the presence of specific antibodies against hantaviruses have been demonstrated in rodents collected from black sea and aegean regions of turkey in 2004 for the fir ...201627175497
coxiella burnetii genotypes in iberian wildlife.to investigate if coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of q fever, genotypes circulating in wildlife are associated with those infecting livestock and humans, multiple-locus variable number tandem-repeat analysis (mlva-6-marker) was carried out over c. burnetii obtained from red deer (cervus elaphus), eurasian wild boar (sus scrofa), european wild rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus), black rat (rattus rattus), and wood mouse (apodemus sylvaticus). mlva typing was performed by using six variable loc ...201627216529
prevalence of anaplasma phagocytophilum in small rodents in france.anaplasma phagocytophilum is an emerging zoonotic tick-borne pathogen affecting a wide range of mammals. rodents are suspected to be natural reservoirs for this bacterium, but their role in the epidemiologic cycles affecting domestic animals and wild ungulates has not been demonstrated. this study aimed to improve our knowledge on a. phagocytophilum prevalence in apodemus sylvaticus, a. flavicollis and myodes glareolus using data collected in 2010 in one area in eastern france and in 2012-2013 i ...201627270190
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