Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| the role of speech rhythm in language discrimination: further tests with a non-human primate. | human newborns discriminate languages from different rhythmic classes, fail to discriminate languages from the same rhythmic class, and fail to discriminate languages when the utterances are played backwards. recent evidence showing that cotton-top tamarins discriminate dutch from japanese, but not when utterances are played backwards, is compatible with the hypothesis that rhythm discrimination is based on a general perceptual mechanism inherited from a primate ancestor. the present study furth ... | 2005 | 15647064 |
| effects of backward speech and speaker variability in language discrimination by rats. | human infants use prosodic cues present in speech to extract language regularities, and it has been suggested that this capacity is anchored in more general mechanisms that are shared across mammals. this study explores the extent to which rats can generalize prosodic cues that have been extracted from a training corpus to new sentences and how this discrimination process is affected by the normalization of the sentences when multiple speakers are introduced. conditions 1 and 2 show rats' abilit ... | 2005 | 15656730 |
| means-means-end tool choice in cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus): finding the limits on primates' knowledge of tools. | most studies of animal tool use require subjects to use one object to gain access to a food reward. in many real world situations, however, animals perform more than one action in sequence to achieve their goals. of theoretical interest is whether animals have the cognitive capacity to recognize the relationship between consecutive action sequences in which there may be one overall goal and several subgoals. here we ask if cotton-top tamarins, a species that in captivity uses tools to solve mean ... | 2005 | 15668762 |
| inhibitory control and response selection in problem solving: how cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) overcome a bias for selecting the larger quantity of food. | when presented with a choice between 1 and 3 pieces of food in a type of reversed contingency task, 4 cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) consistently chose the 3 pieces of food and received nothing, even though the choice of 1 piece would have yielded 3. however, in a task in which the tamarins received the 1 piece of food when they chose it, all subjects learned to select 1 over 3. thus, the tamarins' prior failure on the reversed contingency task did not result entirely from an inherent in ... | 2005 | 15740432 |
| modeling reciprocation and cooperation in primates: evidence for a punishing strategy. | experiments in which animals strategically interact with one another or search over some controlled domain are becoming common. while these experiments often promise to illuminate sophisticated animal behavior, the analyses brought to bear on these data are often quite coarse. for example, many papers simply tally the number of observations consistent with a behavioral theory. this analysis is simple, but ignores a potentially rich source of information by failing to take into account patterns a ... | 2005 | 15833309 |
| choosing and using tools: capuchins (cebus apella) use a different metric than tamarins (saguinus oedipus). | cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) selected canes positioned so that a straight inward pull brought food within reach (m. d. hauser, 1997; see also record 1997-41347-003). tamarins failed to retrieve food with canes in other positions, and they did not reposition these canes. in this study, tufted capuchin monkeys (cebus apella) preferred canes they could pull straight in when these were present, but they also repositioned canes in individually variable ways, and their success at obtaining f ... | 2005 | 15982164 |
| effect of the enclosure on carriers' body weight loss in the cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus). | infant carrying in cotton-top tamarins is a costly activity that results in weight loss by the fathers and helpers. however, to date, measures of carrying costs have been obtained in small indoor enclosures. we studied body weight changes in adult and subadult individuals from eight large groups (n > 5) for 9 weeks after the birth of infants. four groups were housed in large indoor/outdoor enclosures (42 m(2) x 3.3 m high), and four were housed in small indoor enclosures (12 m(2) x 2.4 m high). ... | 2005 | 16015659 |
| does the mastery of center-embedded linguistic structures distinguish humans from nonhuman primates? | in a recent science article, fitch and hauser (2004; hereafter, f&h) claimed to have demonstrated that cotton-top tamarins fail to learn an artificial language produced by a phrase structure grammar (chomsky, 1957) generating center-embedded sentences, whereas adult humans easily learn such a language. we report an experiment replicating the results of f&h in humans but also showing that subjects learned the language without exploiting in any way the center-embedded structure. when the procedure ... | 2005 | 16082811 |
| hind limb proportions and kinematics: are small primates different from other small mammals? | similar in body size, locomotor behaviour and morphology to the last common ancestor of primates, living small quadrupedal primates provide a convenient model for investigating the evolution of primate locomotion. in this study, the hind limb kinematics of quadrupedal walking in mouse lemurs, brown lemurs, cotton-top tamarins and squirrel monkeys are analysed using cineradiography. the scaling of hind limb length to body size and the intralimb proportions of the three-segmented hind limb are tak ... | 2005 | 16109897 |
| will travel for food: spatial discounting in two new world monkeys. | nonhuman animals steeply discount the future, showing a preference for small, immediate over large, delayed rewards. currently unclear is whether discounting functions depend on context. here, we examine the effects of spatial context on discounting in cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) and common marmosets (callithrix jacchus), species known to differ in temporal discounting. we presented subjects with a choice between small, nearby rewards and large, distant rewards. tamarins traveled fart ... | 2005 | 16243033 |
| probing the limits of tool competence: experiments with two non-tool-using species (cercopithecus aethiops and saguinus oedipus). | non-human animals vary in their ability to make and use tools. the goal of the present study was to further explore what, if anything, differs between tool-users and non-tool-users, and whether these differences lie in the conceptual or motor domain. we tested two species that typically do not use tools-cotton top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) and vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops)-on problems that mirrored those designed for prolific tool users such as chimpanzees. we trained subjects on a t ... | 2006 | 16341524 |
| labile sex differences in long calling in cotton-top tamarins. | sex differences in behavior are quite common among nonhuman primates. in sexually monomorphic species, sex differences might be expected to be less evident than in polygynous and highly dimorphic species. callitrichid primates (marmosets and tamarins) are cooperative breeders that exhibit little sexual size dimorphism. however, several sex differences in the structure and usage of vocalizations have been reported. in one such study, mcconnell and snowdon [behaviour 97:273-296, 1986] reported tha ... | 2006 | 16429418 |
| sleep quantitation in common marmoset, cotton top tamarin and squirrel monkey by non-invasive actigraphy. | sleep quantitation data on the neotropical primate species, apart from the squirrel monkey, are still sparse. as such, we have quantitated sleep in the common marmosets (callithrix jacchus), cotton top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) and squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) reared in one primate facility simultaneously, by non-invasive actigraphy. the range in total sleep time/24h measured for male adult common marmosets, cotton top tamarins and squirrel monkeys were 713-793 min (n=4), 707-889 min (n ... | 2006 | 16626986 |
| costs of caregiving: weight loss in captive adult male cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) following the birth of infants. | we examined changes in weight for 10 captive adult male cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) from before the birth of infants through the first 16 weeks of infant life. compared to before birth, males weighed significantly less in weeks 1-4, 5-8, and 9-12 following the birth. weights in weeks 13-16 did not differ significantly from prebirth weights. maximum weight loss for individual males ranged from 1.3 to 10.8% of prebirth body weight. males in groups with fewer helpers lost significantly m ... | 2002 | 16804560 |
| cooperative problem solving in a cooperatively breeding primate (saguinus oedipus). | we investigated cooperative problem solving in unrelated pairs of the cooperatively breeding cottontop tamarin, saguinus oedipus, to assess the cognitive basis of cooperative behaviour in this species and to compare abilities with other apes and monkeys. a transparent apparatus was used that required extension of two handles at opposite ends of the apparatus for access to rewards. resistance was applied to both handles so that two tamarins had to act simultaneously in order to receive rewards. i ... | 2005 | 16804561 |
| pregnancy weight gain: marmoset and tamarin dads show it too. | paternal behaviour is critical for the survival of offspring in many monogamous species. common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) and cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus) fathers spend as much or more time caring for infants than mothers. expectant males of both species showed significant increases in weight across the pregnancy whereas control males did not (five consecutive months for marmoset males and six months for cotton-top tamarin males). expectant fathers might be preparing for the energet ... | 2006 | 16810338 |
| disseminated encephalitozoonosis in captive, juvenile, cotton-top (saguinus oedipus) and neonatal emperor (saguinus imperator) tamarins in north america. | disseminated encephalitozoonosis was diagnosed in 2 sibling, juvenile, cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) and 3 sibling, neonatal, emperor tamarins (s. imperator) by use of histologic examination, histochemical analysis, electron microscopy, and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis with nucleotide sequencing. all tamarins were captive born at zoos in north america and died with no premonitory signs of disease. the main pathologic findings were myocarditis (4/5), hepatitis (3/5), intersti ... | 2006 | 16846985 |
| the role of social context and individual experience in novel task acquisition in cottontop tamarins, saguinus oedipus. | in socially tolerant settings, naïve individuals may have opportunities to interact jointly with knowledgeable demonstrators and novel tasks. this process is expected to facilitate social learning. individual experience may also be important for reinforcing and honing socially acquired behaviours. we examined the role of joint interaction and individual experience in the acquisition of a novel foraging task in captive cottontop tamarins. the task involved learning how to locate and access two hi ... | 2006 | 16912811 |
| nonhuman primates prefer slow tempos but dislike music overall. | human adults generally find fast tempos more arousing than slow tempos, with tempo frequently manipulated in music to alter tension and emotion. we used a previously published method [mcdermott, j., & hauser, m. (2004). are consonant intervals music to their ears? spontaneous acoustic preferences in a nonhuman primate. cognition, 94(2), b11-b21] to test cotton-top tamarins and common marmosets, two new-world primates, for their spontaneous responses to stimuli that varied systematically with res ... | 2007 | 16935277 |
| perturbation of auditory feedback causes systematic perturbation in vocal structure in adult cotton-top tamarins. | auditory feedback is critical for the development and maintenance of speech in humans. in contrast, studies of nonhuman primate vocal production generally report that subjects show little reliance on auditory input. we examined the extent to which cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus) vocal production is sensitive to perturbation of auditory feedback by manipulating the predictability of presentation of a 1 s burst of white noise during the production of the species-specific contact call, the co ... | 2006 | 16943505 |
| noise-induced vocal modulation in cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus). | the lombard effect-an increase in vocalization amplitude in response to an increase in background noise-is observed in a wide variety of animals. we investigated this basic form of vocal control in the cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus) by measuring the amplitude of a contact call, the combination long call (clc), while simultaneously varying the background noise level. all subjects showed a significant increase in call amplitude and syllable duration in response to an increase in background ... | 2006 | 17096420 |
| global and local processing in adult humans (homo sapiens), 5-year-old children (homo sapiens), and adult cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus). | this study compared adults (homo sapiens), young children (homo sapiens), and adult tamarins (saguinus oedipus) while they discriminated global and local properties of stimuli. subjects were trained to discriminate a circle made of circle elements from a square made of square elements and were tested with circles made of squares and squares made of circles. adult humans showed a global bias in testing that was unaffected by the density of the elements in the stimuli. children showed a global bia ... | 2006 | 17115853 |
| radiographic evaluation of neonatal skeletal development in callimico goeldii reveals closer similarity to callithrix jacchus than to saguinus oedipus. | the phylogenetic affinities of the neotropical goeldi's monkey (callimico goeldii) have long been a matter of debate. whereas most morphological evidence appears to place callimico in a sister group position relative to the callitrichidae, genetic studies place c. goeldii within the callitrichidae and suggest that it is more closely related to marmosets than to tamarins. the present study presents the first radiographic analysis comparing the secondary limb bone ossification of newborn c. goeldi ... | 2007 | 17146795 |
| the ecology and evolution of patience in two new world monkeys. | decision making often involves choosing between small, short-term rewards and large, long-term rewards. all animals, humans included, discount future rewards--the present value of delayed rewards is viewed as less than the value of immediate rewards. despite its ubiquity, there exists considerable but unexplained variation between species in their capacity to wait for rewards--that is, to exert patience or self-control. using two closely related primates--common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) an ... | 2005 | 17148172 |
| the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) has two very similar semenogelin genes as the result of gene conversion. | the semen coagulum proteins have undergone substantial structural changes during evolution. in primates, these seminal vesicle-secreted proteins are known as semenogelin i (semg1) and semenogelin ii (semg2). previous studies on the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) showed that ejaculated semen from this new world monkey contains semenogelin, but it remained unclear whether it carries both genes or only semg1 and no semg2, like the closely related cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus). in this ... | 2007 | 17192513 |
| the effect of the captive environment on activity of captive cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus). | this study examined captive cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus) behavior across 3 different exhibits: (a) a rainforest (30.5 m in diameter), where tamarins free-ranged with other species; (b) a caged outdoor exhibit (5 m in diameter); and (c) a caged enclosure, with access indoors (6 x 9m) and outdoors (2.5 x 2.5 m). the study observed tamarins using focal animal scan sampling in 10 min blocks. scoring was on the percentage of intervals in which they engaged in 12 behaviors. the findings show ... | 2006 | 17209751 |
| tracking silence: adjusting vocal production to avoid acoustic interference. | organisms that use vocal signals to communicate often modulate their vocalizations to avoid being masked by other sounds in the environment. although some environmental noise is continuous, both biotic and abiotic noise can be intermittent, or even periodic. interference from intermittent noise can be avoided if calls are timed to coincide with periods of silence, a capacity that is unambiguously present in insects, amphibians, birds, and humans. surprisingly, we know virtually nothing about thi ... | 2007 | 17242881 |
| fiber type distribution in the shoulder muscles of the tree shrew, the cotton-top tamarin, and the squirrel monkey related to shoulder movements and forelimb loading. | muscle fiber type composition of intrinsic shoulder muscles was examined in tree shrews, cotton-top tamarins, and squirrel monkeys with respect to their shoulder kinematics and forelimb loading during locomotion. enzyme- and immunohistochemical techniques were applied to differentiate muscle fiber types on serial cross-sections of the shoulder. in the majority of the shoulder muscles, the proportions of fatigue resistant slow-twitch fibers (so) and fatigable fast-twitch fibers (fg) were inversel ... | 2007 | 17289114 |
| developmental changes in food transfers in cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus). | we investigated the development of food transfer and independent feeding in cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus) families. we studied the relationship between infant-directed vocalizations and food transfers on the development of independent feeding in infants. we experimentally tested ten infants (eight twins and two singletons) three times a week for 17 weeks from before weaning through 20 weeks. food transfers and vocalizations made during tests were recorded and analyzed to determine (1) th ... | 2007 | 17294426 |
| naturally occurring tyzzer's disease in cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus). | we noted naturally occurring infection with clostridium piliforme (tyzzer's disease) in 2 captive-reared cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus). spontaneous tyzzer's disease has been reported in multiple species of laboratory, domestic, and wild animals but is extremely rare in humans and nonhuman primates. distinct from idiopathic colitis, which is common in cotton-top tamarins, these 2 tamarins had severe, transmural, necrotizing typhlocolitis accompanied by myocarditis and hepatitis. abundant ... | 2007 | 17348301 |
| when quantity trumps number: discrimination experiments in cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) and common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | the capacity for non-linguistic, numerical discrimination has been well characterized in non-human animals, with recent studies providing careful controls for non-numerical confounds such as continuous extent, density, and quantity. more poorly understood are the conditions under which animals use numerical versus non-numerical quantification, and the nature of the relation between these two systems. here we test whether cotton-top tamarins and common marmosets can discriminate between two quant ... | 2007 | 17354004 |
| hla-g polymorphism and evolution. | six proteins, one null allele and 22 human leukocyte antigen (hla)-g alleles were found in humans. bonobo, chimpanzee and gorilla only show one allele and orangutan shows five alleles. all cercopithecus alleles show stop codons at position 164 (macaca mulatta with seven dna alleles, macaca fascicularis with seven dna alleles and cercopithecus aethiops with three dna alleles). cotton-top tamarin new world monkeys showed 20 dna and protein alleles; the major histocompatibility complex (mhc)-g new ... | 2007 | 17445193 |
| evaluation of control and treatment of gongylonema spp. infections in callitrichids. | numerous cases of gongylonema spp. infection with associated pathological lesions and clinical signs were identified in a collection of goeldi's monkeys (callimico goeldii) (gms) at a zoological park during a 3-yr period. an increase in the incidence of clinical signs in the gms and other callitrichid species prompted an investigation to determine the prevalence of infection within the collection and evaluate treatment protocols. twenty-one callitrichids [nine gms, four golden lion tamarins (leo ... | 2007 | 17469272 |
| gait parameter adjustments of cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus, callitrichidae) to locomotion on inclined arboreal substrates. | the influence of different substrate inclinations on gaits and metric gait parameters (relative forelimb and hind limb protraction, relative forelimb, and hind limb retraction, stride length, stance, and swing phase duration) of cotton-top tamarin locomotion was studied using high-speed video films and evaluated by descriptive and analytical statistical methods. as previously shown, lateral sequence gaits predominantly occurred on descending arboreal substrates (branchlike pole with a smaller di ... | 2008 | 17786994 |
| the perception of rational, goal-directed action in nonhuman primates. | humans are capable of making inferences about other individuals' intentions and goals by evaluating their actions in relation to the constraints imposed by the environment. this capacity enables humans to go beyond the surface appearance of behavior to draw inferences about an individual's mental states. presently unclear is whether this capacity is uniquely human or is shared with other animals. we show that cotton-top tamarins, rhesus macaques, and chimpanzees all make spontaneous inferences a ... | 2007 | 17823353 |
| the cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus) has five beta-microseminoprotein genes, two of which are pseudogenes. | beta-microseminoprotein (msp) is one of the most abundant proteins in human seminal plasma and is secreted from the prostate gland. its evolution can be traced from primates down to nonvertebrate species such as amphioxus, despite substantial differences in the primary structure. most mammals are known to have one single msp gene, but we have previously shown that the cotton-top tamarin and the common marmoset-two new world monkeys-carry several msp genes. in this study we continue our character ... | 2008 | 18020964 |
| monkey see, monkey plan, monkey do: the end-state comfort effect in cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus). | the way human adults grasp objects is typically influenced by their knowledge of what they intend to do with the objects. this influence is reflected in the end-state comfort effect: actors adopt initially uncomfortable postures to accommodate later task demands. although many experiments have demonstrated this effect, to the best of our knowledge its phylogenetic roots have not been investigated. in two experiments, we tested whether 9 cotton-top tamarin monkeys would show the end-state comfort ... | 2007 | 18031413 |
| grammatical pattern learning by human infants and cotton-top tamarin monkeys. | there is a surprising degree of overlapping structure evident across the languages of the world. one factor leading to cross-linguistic similarities may be constraints on human learning abilities. linguistic structures that are easier for infants to learn should predominate in human languages. if correct, then (a) human infants should more readily acquire structures that are consistent with the form of natural language, whereas (b) non-human primates' patterns of learning should be less tightly ... | 2008 | 18082676 |
| changes in prolactin and glucocorticoid levels in cotton-top tamarin fathers during their mate's pregnancy: the effect of infants and paternal experience. | we have previously shown that paternally experienced cotton-top tamarin fathers (saguinus oedipus) had significant increases in prolactin and glucocorticoids at the midpoint of their mate's pregnancy, whereas less experienced fathers showed prolactin increases only the month before offspring birth [ziegler & snowdon, hormones & behavior 38:159-167, 2000; ziegler et al., hormones & behavior 45:84-92, 2004]. these results could be owing to differing paternal experience or from paternal care given ... | 2008 | 18278807 |
| cerebral amyloid-beta protein accumulation with aging in cotton-top tamarins: a model of early alzheimer's disease? | alzheimer's disease (ad) is the most common progressive form of dementia in the elderly. two major neuropathological hallmarks of ad include cerebral deposition of amyloid-beta protein (abeta) into plaques and blood vessels, and the presence of neurofibrillary tangles in brain. in addition, activated microglia and reactive astrocytes are often associated with plaques and tangles. numerous other proteins are associated with plaques in human ad brain, including apo e and ubiquitin. the amyloid pre ... | 2008 | 18341428 |
| captive-born cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) respond similarly to vocalizations of predators and sympatric nonpredators. | what types of cues do callitrichid primates use to detect and respond to predators? do they respond to predator-specific cues or to more general cues? the evidence for these questions remains conflicting. we presented captive-born and reared cotton-top tamarins with no previous exposure to predators (or predator cues) with vocalizations from three potential predators of cotton-top tamarin in the wild (white hawk, jaguar, and tayra) and with vocalizations from sympatric nonpredators (black-faced ... | 2008 | 18473378 |
| phylogenetic studies of the genus cebus (cebidae-primates) using chromosome painting and g-banding. | chromosomal painting, using whole chromosome probes from humans and saguinus oedipus, was used to establish karyotypic divergence among species of the genus cebus, including c. olivaceus, c. albifrons, c. apella robustus and c. apella paraguayanus. cytogenetic studies suggested that the species of this genus have conservative karyotypes, with diploid numbers ranging from 2n = 52 to 2n = 54. | 2008 | 18534011 |
| learning generalization in problem solving by a blue-fronted parrot (amazona aestiva). | pepperberg (the alex studies: cognitive and communicative abilities of gray parrots. harvard university press, cambridge;1999) showed that some of the complex cognitive capabilities found in primates are also present in psittacine birds. through the replication of an experiment performed with cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus oedipus) by hauser et al. (anim behav 57:565-582; 1999), we examined a blue-fronted parrot's (amazona aestiva) ability to generalize the solution of a particular proble ... | 2008 | 18575906 |
| changes in body mass of expectant male cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus). | it has been noted that expectant cotton-top tamarin males in captivity experience a body mass increase during the last months of their mates' pregnancies, and this has been explained as being a male physiological response. we studied the body mass of 4 inexperienced and 4 experienced expectant males, and we expected to observe a larger body mass increase among the experienced ones since they undergo multiple hormonal changes in comparison to inexperienced expectant males. however, while inexperi ... | 2008 | 18758184 |
| serous cells in the parotid glands of two species of tamarins: polarized secretory granules. | the parotid glands of two species of tamarins were examined by electron microscopy. endpiece cells are typical in appearance, with an extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum, prominent golgi apparatuses, and numerous serous granules. in the saddleback tamarin, the secretory granules contain a dense spherule pressed against the inner aspect of the limiting membrane, leading to a surface bulge. during the course of merocrine secretion (a form of exocytosis), such morphologically polarized granules a ... | 2008 | 18780306 |
| body weight increase in expectant males and helpers of cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus): a symptom of the couvade syndrome? | in the cooperative breeding system of cotton-top tamarin (tcb; saguinus oedipus) <expectant> males gain weight during the last months of pregnancy of their partners as a way to cope with energy costs of reproduction. this phenomenon was described only in humans as a symptom of <couvade syndrome>. as after infants' birth, tcb male and female helpers lose weight, the same as fathers do, it might be expected that previously, they also gain weight. in 8 groups of tcb, we explored body weight changes ... | 2008 | 18940090 |
| biphasic malignant testicular sex cord-stromal tumor in a cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus) with review of the literature. | a 20-year old male cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus) was presented with unilateral enlargement of an intrascrotal testicle. fine-needle aspiration cytology demonstrated a neoplastic population with call-exner-like bodies and features of malignancy. the animal was castrated, and histologic examination revealed a biphasic sex cord-stromal tumor, with one region resembling sertoli-cell tumor and one region resembling granulosa-cell tumor, with extensive microfollicular pattern and many call-exn ... | 2008 | 18984797 |
| spatial cues more salient than color cues in cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) reversal learning. | animals living in stable home ranges have many potential cues to locate food. spatial and color cues are important for wild callitrichids (marmosets and tamarins). field studies have assigned the highest priority to distal spatial cues for determining the location of food resources with color cues serving as a secondary cue to assess relative ripeness, once a food source is located. we tested two hypotheses with captive cotton-top tamarins: (a) tamarins will demonstrate higher rates of initial l ... | 2008 | 19014268 |
| forelimb proportions and kinematics: how are small primates different from other small mammals? | the crouched limb posture of small mammals enables them to react to unexpected irregularities in the support. small arboreal primates would benefit from these kinematics in their arboreal habitat but it has been demonstrated that primates display certain differences in forelimb kinematics to other mammals. the objective of this paper is to find out whether these changes in forelimb kinematics are related to changes in body size and limb proportions. as primates descended from small ancestors, a ... | 2008 | 19043050 |
| the effects of unequal reward distributions on cooperative problem solving by cottontop tamarins (saguinus oedipus). | cooperation among non-human animals has been the topic of much theoretical and empirical research, but few studies have examined systematically the effects of various reward payoffs on cooperative behaviour. here, we presented heterosexual pairs of cooperatively breeding cottontop tamarins with a cooperative problem solving task. in a series of four experiments, we examined how the tamarins' cooperative performance changed under conditions in which (a) both actors were mutually rewarded, (b) bot ... | 2008 | 19122748 |
| captive cotton-top tamarins' (saguinus oedipus oedipus) use of landmarks to localize hidden food items. | seventeen captive cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus oedipus) were individually tested on their use of spatial relationships between landmarks to locate multiple hidden food items. in two experiments, the tamarins were presented with a spatial-foraging task in which positions of hidden food rewards were fixed in relation to an array of visual cues. in experiment 1, the cues+hidden food configuration was rotated 90 degrees and the tamarins were successful in locating the food items significant ... | 2009 | 19130479 |
| the functional correlates of jaw-muscle fiber architecture in tree-gouging and nongouging callitrichid monkeys. | common (callithrix jacchus) and pygmy (cebuella pygmaea) marmosets and cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) share broadly similar diets of fruits, insects, and tree exudates. marmosets, however, differ from tamarins in actively gouging trees with their anterior dentition to elicit tree exudates flow. tree gouging in common marmosets involves the generation of relatively wide jaw gapes, but not necessarily relatively large bite forces. we compared fiber architecture of the masseter and temporal ... | 2009 | 19140215 |
| implicit chaining in cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus). | in implicit learning, human subjects are exposed to patterned information, but they are not informed about the pattern. typically, they demonstrate learning of that pattern, but little awareness of the experimental contingencies. in a nonhuman analog of this procedure, two cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) were presented with a five-element chain that consisted of the same icon presented serially at different locations on a touchscreen. the tamarins had to touch the icon at each location to ... | 2009 | 19159167 |
| is a sense of inequity an ancestral primate trait? testing social inequity in cotton top tamarins (saguinus oedipus). | to address a controversy in the literature concerning whether monkeys show an aversion to inequity, individuals of a new world monkey species, cotton top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) were tested in an offering task and in a bartering task. at issue was whether the monkeys rejected rewards because of a violation of expectancy of the preferred reward, or whether they rejected rewards because of a sensitivity to socially mediated inequity. the data from both tasks indicated that the subjects were mo ... | 2009 | 19236140 |
| pheochromocytoma in six new world primates. | six new world primates, including 2 golden lion tamarins (leontopithecus rosalia), 2 cotton-top tamarins (saguinus o. oedipus), 1 black howler monkey (alouatta caraya), and 1 black-handed spider monkey (ateles g. geoffroyi), were diagnosed with unilateral (4/6) or bilateral (1/6) adrenal or extra-adrenal (1/6) pheochromocytoma by light microscopy and immunohistochemical staining for chromogranin a. overt invasive behavior or metastases were not observed in any primate, and thus these neoplasms w ... | 2009 | 19276065 |
| successive radiations, not stasis, in the south american primate fauna. | the earliest neotropical primate fossils complete enough for taxonomic assessment, dolichocebus, tremacebus, and chilecebus, date to approximately 20 ma. these have been interpreted as either closely related to extant forms or as extinct stem lineages. the former hypothesis of morphological stasis requires most living platyrrhine genera to have diverged before 20 ma. to test this hypothesis, we collected new complete mitochondrial genomes from aotus lemurinus, saimiri sciureus, saguinus oedipus, ... | 2009 | 19321426 |
| variations in male parenting behavior and physiology in the common marmoset. | infant survival and wellbeing is dependent upon good parenting skills. in some species of primates, fathers are necessary to ensure both positive developmental and social outcomes for their offspring. common marmosets and the related cotton-top tamarin monkeys provide extensive paternal care of multiple offspring and are essential for infant survival. however, we have found significant variation in a father's motivation to respond to infant stimuli. additionally, marmoset males who are experienc ... | 2009 | 19367571 |
| litter size and infant survivorship in wild groups of cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) in colombia. | cotton-top tamains (saguinus oedipus) are a critically endangered primate found only in colombia. efforts to conserve this species are centered on developing effective management plans that integrate biological information regarding population dynamics and factors that influence their survival. this study documented infants born to wild cotton-top tamarin females from 1994-2008 at two distinct field sites in northern colombia. our studies have shown that wild cotton-top tamarins typically give b ... | 2009 | 19382151 |
| clavulanic acid: a competitive inhibitor of beta-lactamases with novel anxiolytic-like activity and minimal side effects. | clavulanic acid is a member of the beta lactam family of antibiotics with little or no intrinsic antibacterial activity of its own; instead, it is used to enhance the activity of antibiotics by blocking bacterial beta-lactamases. because clavulanic acid by itself is very safe, orally active and shows good brain penetrance, we sought to determine if it had any potential as a psychotherapeutic. clavulanic acid was a tested across three mammalian species, hamsters, rats and cotton-top tamarin monke ... | 2009 | 19394358 |
| reconciliation in captive cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus), a cooperative breeding primate. | reconciliation has been demonstrated in all primate species in which the phenomenon has been studied. however, reconciliation has been studied in only two species of callitrichids, and conclusions remain controversial. the first aim of this study has been to find out whether captive cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) reconcile, since this is the first such study on this species. we examined 227 conflicts in three family groups (n=19). instances in which individuals remained together in t=0 ( ... | 2009 | 19504572 |
| spontaneous pathology of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) and tamarins (saguinus oedipus, saguinus mystax). | marmosets and tamarins are increasingly used in research, but their pathology remains poorly defined compared with old world primates. | 2009 | 19522731 |
| general intelligence in another primate: individual differences across cognitive task performance in a new world monkey (saguinus oedipus). | individual differences in human cognitive abilities show consistently positive correlations across diverse domains, providing the basis for the trait of "general intelligence" (g). at present, little is known about the evolution of g, in part because most comparative studies focus on rodents or on differences across higher-level taxa. what is needed, therefore, are experiments targeting nonhuman primates, focusing on individual differences within a single species, using a broad battery of tasks. ... | 2009 | 19536274 |
| evidence of an evolutionary precursor to human language affixation in a non-human primate. | human language, and grammatical competence in particular, relies on a set of computational operations that, in its entirety, is not observed in other animals. such uniqueness leaves open the possibility that components of our linguistic competence are shared with other animals, having evolved for non-linguistic functions. here, we explore this problem from a comparative perspective, asking whether cotton-top tamarin monkeys (saguinus oedipus) can spontaneously (no training) acquire an affixation ... | 2009 | 19586963 |
| hysteresis effects in a motor task with cotton-top tamarins (sanguinus oedipus). | the way human adults grasp an object is influenced by their recent history of motor actions. previously executed grasps are often more likely to reoccur on subsequent grasps. this type of hysteresis effect has been incorporated into cognitive models of motor planning, suggesting that when planning movements, individuals tend to reuse recently used plans rather than generating new plans from scratch. to the best of our knowledge, the phylogenetic roots of this phenomenon have not been investigate ... | 2009 | 19594287 |
| histologic and immunohistochemical characterization of pheochromocytoma in 6 cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus). | pheochromocytomas are uncommon neoplasms of the adrenal medulla that are most frequently reported in rats and select mouse strains. in many cases, especially those in man, pheochromocytoma is associated with familial tumor syndromes, because of inherited mutations in a variety of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. nonhuman primates are valuable animal models for a variety of human diseases because of their similar anatomy and physiology; however, cases of pheochromocytomas have only rar ... | 2009 | 19605896 |
| observational methods to measure behaviors of captive cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus). | the purpose of this study was to identify efficient sampling methods for establishing accurate activity budgets for zoo animals. seven cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) from two zoos were videotaped for multiple 90 min sessions, 3 to 4 days per week for 12 weeks. an activity budget was constructed for each animal using a continuous sampling method to analyze 30 hr of video recording of each animal. these master datasets, reflecting actual behavior, were re-sampled using interval sampling le ... | 2010 | 19653282 |
| cooperatively breeding cottontop tamarins (saguinus oedipus) do not donate rewards to their long-term mates. | this study tested the hypothesis that cooperative breeding facilitates the emergence of prosocial behavior by presenting cottontop tamarins (saguinus oedipus) with the option to provide food rewards to pair-bonded mates. in experiment 1, tamarins could provide rewards to mates at no additional cost while obtaining rewards for themselves. contrary to the hypothesis, tamarins did not demonstrate a preference to donate rewards, behaving similar to chimpanzees in previous studies. in experiment 2, t ... | 2009 | 19685964 |
| a monoclonal antibody selection for immunohistochemical examination of lymphoid tissues from non-human primates. | non-human primates (nhps) offer valuable animal models for basic research into human diseases and for the preclinical validation of new therapeutics. detailed in situ examination of the involved cell types using immunohistochemistry is often hampered by the lack of cross-reactive antibodies (abs). in the current study, we have tested a large panel of monoclonal antibodies raised against human leukocyte differentiation and activation markers for cross-reactivity on cryosections of lymphoid tissue ... | 2009 | 19729671 |
| the morphology of the masticatory apparatus facilitates muscle force production at wide jaw gapes in tree-gouging common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) generate wide jaw gapes when gouging trees with their anterior teeth to elicit tree exudate flow. closely related cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) do not gouge trees but share similar diets including exudates. maximizing jaw opening theoretically compromises the bite forces that marmosets can generate during gouging. to investigate how jaw-muscle architecture and craniofacial position impact muscle performance during gouging, we combine skull and jaw-m ... | 2009 | 19946083 |
| developing an effective community conservation program for cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) in colombia. | developing effective conservation programs that positively impact the survival of a species while considering the needs of local communities is challenging. here we present an overview of the conservation program developed by proyecto tití to integrate local communities in the conservation of colombia's critically endangered primate, the cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus). our comprehensive assessment of the threats effecting the long-term survival of the cotton-top tamarin allowed us to esta ... | 2010 | 19998392 |
| social dynamics and individual plasticity of infant care behavior in cooperatively breeding cotton-top tamarins. | individual variation in infant caretaking behavior is prevalent among marmoset and tamarin monkeys. although most group members participate in infant care, the timing and amount provided differs greatly. in this study, we quantified general trends in infant carrying behavior by using a longitudinal database that included 11 years of instantaneous scan observations following 80 births of cotton-top tamarins. using detailed focal observations on a subset of the same families (10 births) we identif ... | 2010 | 20014011 |
| socially biased learning among adult cottontop tamarins (saguinus oedipus). | we presented adult cottontop tamarins (saguinus oedipus) with a novel foraging task that had been used previously to examine socially biased learning of juvenile observers [humle & snowdon, animal behaviour 75:267-277, 2008]. the task could be solved in one of two ways, and thus allowed for an analysis of behavioral matching between an observer and a skilled demonstrator (trained to use one of the two methods exclusively). because the demonstrator was an adult in both this study and the juvenile ... | 2010 | 20014273 |
| donor payoffs and other-regarding preferences in cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus). | helping others at no cost to oneself is a simple way to demonstrate other-regarding preferences. yet, primates exhibit mixed results for other-regarding preferences: chimpanzees and tamarins do not show these effects, whereas capuchin monkeys and marmosets preferentially give food to others. one factor of relevance to this no-cost food donation is the payoff to the donor. though donors always receive the same payoffs regardless of their choice, previous work varies in whether they receive either ... | 2010 | 20130946 |
| characteristics of implicit chaining in cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus). | in human cognition there has been considerable interest in observing the conditions under which subjects learn material without explicit instructions to learn. in the present experiments, we adapted this issue to nonhumans by asking what subjects learn in the absence of explicit reinforcement for correct responses. two experiments examined the acquisition of sequence information by cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) when such learning was not demanded by the experimental contingencies. an im ... | 2010 | 20140693 |
| evolutionary roots of motor planning: the end-state comfort effect in lemurs. | humans (homo sapiens) anticipate the consequences of their forthcoming actions. for example, they grasp objects with uncomfortable grasps to afford comfortable end positions-the end-state comfort (esc) effect. when did such sophisticated motor planning abilities emerge in evolution? we addressed this question by asking whether humans' most distant living primate relatives-lemurs-also exhibit the esc effect. we presented 6 species of lemurs (lemur catta, eulemur mongoz, eulemur coronatus, eulemur ... | 2010 | 20476823 |
| chromosome phylogeny of the subfamily pitheciinae (platyrrhini, primates) by classic cytogenetics and chromosome painting. | the new world monkey (platyrrhini) subfamily pitheciinae is represented by the genera pithecia, chiropotes and cacajao. in this work we studied the karyotypes of pithecia irrorata (2n = 48) and cacajao calvus rubicundus (2n = 45 in males and 2n = 46 in females) by g- and c-banding, nor staining and chromosome painting using human and saguinus oedipus whole chromosome probes. the karyotypes of both species were compared with each other and with chiropotes utahicki (2n = 54) from the literature. | 2010 | 20565908 |
| variation in oxytocin is related to variation in affiliative behavior in monogamous, pairbonded tamarins. | oxytocin plays an important role in monogamous pairbonded female voles, but not in polygamous voles. here we examined a socially monogamous cooperatively breeding primate where both sexes share in parental care and territory defense for within species variation in behavior and female and male oxytocin levels in 14 pairs of cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus). in order to obtain a stable chronic assessment of hormones and behavior, we observed behavior and collected urinary hormonal samples ac ... | 2010 | 20600045 |
| colorectal cancer in the cotton top tamarin (saguinus oedipus): how do they evade liver metastasis? | a major cause of cancer-related deaths is the development of liver metastasis. to better understand the metastatic process, we studied the cotton top tamarin as an animal model, which spontaneously develops colorectal cancer but rarely liver metastasis. | 2011 | 20645001 |
| retraction notice. rule learning by cotton-top tamarins. cognition, 86(1), b15-b22. | 2010 | 20839386 | |
| the use of long acting subcutaneous levonorgestrel (lng) gel depot as an effective contraceptive option for cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus). | cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) are a critically endangered species that have been bred successfully in captivity for many years. for two decades, the cotton-top tamarin ssp(©) has been challenged with a high rate of reproduction combined with a history of contraceptive failures and nonrecommended births using the current depo provera(®) (medroxyprogesterone acetate) injection followed by mga (melengestrol acetate) implant contraception combination. to address these issues we have develop ... | 2013 | 20938969 |
| the bony labyrinth of the early platyrrhine primate chilecebus. | we document the morphology of the bony labyrinth of chilecebus carrascoensis, one of the best preserved early platyrrhines known, based on high resolution ct scanning and 3d digital reconstruction. the cochlea is low and conical in form, as in other anthropoids, but has only 2.5 spiral turns. when the allometric relationship with body mass is considered, cochlear size is similar to that in extant primates. the relative size of the semicircular canals, which is well within the range of other prim ... | 2010 | 20952046 |
| novel survey method finds dramatic decline of wild cotton-top tamarin population. | the cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus) is a critically endangered primate, endemic to the tropical forests of colombia. population monitoring is essential to evaluate the success of conservation efforts, yet standard survey methods are ineffective because animals flee silently before they are seen. we developed a novel technique that combines the use of playbacks of territorial vocalizations with traditional transect surveys. we used remote sensing to identify potential habitat within the spe ... | 2010 | 20975684 |
| long-term memory for calls of relatives in cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus). | recognition of relatives is important for dispersing animals to avoid inbreeding and possibly for developing cooperative, reciprocal relationships between individuals after dispersal. we demonstrate under controlled captive conditions that cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) have a long-term memory for long calls of relatives from which they had been separated for periods ranging from 4 to 55 months. tamarins responded with lower levels of arousal behavior to playbacks of long calls from curr ... | 2011 | 21574684 |
| increased positive selection pressure within the complementarity determining regions of the t-cell receptor ß gene in new world monkeys. | because of the long-term co-evolution of tcr and mhc molecules, numerous nucleotide substitutions have accumulated within the domains of tcrß genes. we previously found that nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions occurred more frequently in complementarity determining region (cdr)ß than in cdra, even though only a limited number of common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) and human t-cell receptor ß variable (trbv) sequences were compared. this interesting finding raised the question of whether the ... | 2011 | 21769905 |
| herpesvirus saimiri infection of rhesus macaques: a model for acute rhadinovirus-induced t-cell transformation and oncogenesis. | herpesvirus saimiri (hvs) causes acute lymphoma and leukemia upon experimental infection of various monkey species. hvs strain c488 is also capable of transforming human t-lymphocytes to stable growth in culture. the most susceptible species for oncogenesis are new world primates, in particular the cottontop tamarin (saguinus oedipus). however, old world monkeys such as macaques are the most used animal model for the close-to-human situation. the limited data on hvs infection in old world monkey ... | 2011 | 21915869 |
| identification of a novel adenovirus in a cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus). | a novel adenovirus was identified in a cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus) with diarrhea by negative-staining electron microscopy of feces, consensus polymerase chain reaction, and sequencing. partial sequences were obtained from the dna-dependent dna polymerase, the p52k gene, and the hexon. bayesian and maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses indicated that the virus is a member of the genus mastadenovirus, and is herein termed saguinus siadenovirus 1. the phylogeny of the mastadenoviruses ... | 2012 | 22379053 |
| quantitative molecular assessment of chimerism across tissues in marmosets and tamarins. | marmosets are playing an increasingly large and important role in biomedical research. they share genetic, anatomical, and physiological similarities with humans and other primate model species, but their smaller sizes, reproductive efficiency, and amenability to genetic manipulation offer an added practicality. while their unique biology can be exploited to provide insights into disease and function, it is also important that researchers are aware of the differences that exist between marmosets ... | 2012 | 22429831 |
| septic tularemia in 2 cottontop tamarins(sanguinus oedipus). | two captive cottontop tamarins (sanguinus oedipus) died within 5 d of each other from systemic infection by francisella tularensis (tularemia). one tamarin experienced mild clinical signs, including malaise, anorexia, and a mucoid nasal discharge for 4 d before death, whereas the other experienced a more rapid progression of disease that lasted less than 24 h. differential diagnoses included gram-negative septicemia by an organism such as escherichia coli, salmonella, or yersinia; protozoal infe ... | 2012 | 22776056 |
| normal hematologic and serum biochemical values of cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus). | we obtained whole-blood hematologic and serum biochemical values from 38 captive-bred cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus). data were analyzed to determine the effect of sex on blood parameters. significant differences between either the means or medians of male and female tamarins were found for creatinine, hematocrit, hemoglobin, rbc count, and pcv. these results establish baseline hematologic and serum biochemical values and provide a useful resource not previously available in the peer-rev ... | 2012 | 22776113 |
| social effects via olfactory sensory stimuli on reproductive function and dysfunction in cooperative breeding marmosets and tamarins. | most primates are social species whose reproduction is influenced by their social relationships. the cotton-top tamarin, saguinus oedipus, and the common marmoset, callithrix jacchus, are cooperative breeding species where the family structure alters reproductive function in many ways. while primates receive social effects on reproduction via all sensory stimuli, the marmosets and tamarins are particularly influenced by olfactory/chemosensory stimuli. the olfactory sensory processing is the "soc ... | 2013 | 22890774 |
| a beta-defensin 1-like antimicrobial peptide from the tree shrew, tupaia belangeri. | a novel beta-defensin 1-like antimicrobial peptide (β-defensin 1tb) containing 36 amino acid residues was purified and characterized from the serum of the tree shrew, tupaia belangeri. its amino acid sequence was determined as dhylcvknegiclysscpsytkiegtcyggkakcck, by edman degradation, mass spectrometry analysis, and cdna cloning. evolution analysis indicated that β-defensin 1tb showed maximal similarity to the β-defensin 1 identified from cotton-top tamarin, saguinus oedipus. β-defensin 1tb exe ... | 2012 | 22939868 |
| distribution of mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis in a german zoological garden determined by is900 semi-nested and quantitative real-time pcr. | little data concerning the distribution of mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (map) in zoological gardens is available. the presence of map in captured wildlife might provide further information on non-ruminant hosts and expand the list of animals susceptible to map being potential sources of map transmission. therefore, a german zoological garden with recent history of clinical paratuberculosis in barbary sheep (ammotragus lervia) and an alpaca (lama pacos) was selected to estimate the d ... | 2013 | 23298700 |
| implicit chaining in cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) with elements equated for probability of reinforcement. | three experiments examined the implicit learning of sequences under conditions in which the elements comprising a sequence were equated in terms of reinforcement probability. in experiment 1 cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) experienced a five-element sequence displayed serially on a touch screen in which reinforcement probability was equated across elements at .16 per element. tamarins demonstrated learning of this sequence with higher latencies during a random test as compared to baseline ... | 2013 | 23344718 |
| pulling to scale: motor planning for sequences of repeated actions by cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus). | previous research has demonstrated that nontool-using primates are capable of sophisticated motor planning for a single action. the present study extends this work by asking whether monkeys are capable of planning a sequence of repetitive motor actions to accommodate a task demand. we presented tamarins with a tape measure baited with a food reward at near or far distances and measured their manual intergrasp distances as they reeled in the food. in condition 1, subjects viewed the reward as the ... | 2013 | 23586538 |
| predicting how individuals approach enrichment: regulatory focus in cotton-top tamarins (sanguinus oedipus). | evidence is mounting that personality is associated with health and well-being in humans and other animals. in a step towards increasing our understanding of this link, we applied regulatory focus theory, a motivational perspective from social psychology, to the behavior of zoo-housed cotton top tamarins. we tested whether regulatory focus "personality," that is stable differences in whether an individual is motivated by gains versus safety, would 1) produce individual differences in behavior an ... | 2013 | 23649664 |
| catching up with cotton-top tamarins. | 2013 | 23877601 | |
| the repertoire of mhc class i genes in the common marmoset: evidence for functional plasticity. | in humans, the classical antigen presentation function of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i molecules is controlled by the human leukocyte antigen hla -a, hla-b and hla-c loci. a similar observation has been made for great apes and old world monkey species. in contrast, a new world monkey species such as the cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus) appears to employ the g locus for its classical antigen presentation function. at present, little is known about the classical mhc class i ... | 2013 | 24018468 |
| whisper-like behavior in a non-human primate. | in humans, whispering has evolved as a counteractive strategy against eavesdropping. some evidence for whisper-like behavior exists in a few other species, but has not been reported in non-human primates. we discovered the first evidence of whisper-like behavior in a non-human primate, the cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus), in the course of investigating their use of human-directed mobbing calls. we exposed a family of captive cotton-top tamarins to a supervisor who previously elicited a str ... | 2013 | 24038444 |
| characterization of circulating natural killer cells in neotropical primates. | despite extensive use of nonhuman primates as models for infectious diseases and reproductive biology, imprecise phenotypic and functional definitions exist for natural killer (nk) cells. this deficit is particularly significant in the burgeoning use of small, less expensive new world primate species. using polychromatic flow cytometry, we identified peripheral blood nk cells as cd3-negative and expressing a cluster of cell surface molecules characteristic of nk cells (i.e., nkg2a, nkp46, nkp30) ... | 2013 | 24244365 |
| some communicatory functions of scent marking in the cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus oedipus). | the ability of cotton-top tamarins to discriminate between scents from conspecifics and those from other tamarin species, and between scents from conspecific individuals was tested. cotton-tops scent mark with specialized skin glands in the circumgenital area. females possess larger glands than males and show more scent-marking behavior. in the first experiment, subjects were presented with a glass rod scented with either material collected from the surface of the scent glands of a conspecific f ... | 1988 | 24275997 |